250:. When making other voices heard, so to speak, not only should be asked what they say and why but also with what justification and due to what believes and convictions. Between radicalism and universalism there has to be a third way to carry out the program of philosophy with the help of other cultures. Wimmer calls this way polylogue, a dialogue of many. Answers to thematic questions should be worked out during such a polylogue. He drafts a 'minimal rule': never accept a philosophical thesis from an author of a single cultural tradition to be well founded. But how does a polylogue look like? Wimmer assumes an issue relevant in four traditions (A, B, C and D) for the sake of illustration. The can have one-sided influence (→) or reciprocal influence (↔). There are different models to be distinguished:
158:
philosophy on his own but with help from philosophers native to this tradition. Fornet-Betancourt sees the importance of an intercultural approach in the overcoming of any eurocentrism still dominating the world. The history of philosophy shouldn't be reconstructed on the basis of the expansionary development but by means of the diversity of all cultures of humankind. But not only the past should be taken into consideration, the redesign of the present is of equal importance. Intercultural philosophy is a means for making variety heard.
114:
thinking into including other cultures, to not only consider one tradition but as many as possible such as Asian, Anglo-American, Latin-American, Islamic, or
African. It is no longer important to ask questions on your own for this would be a very regional approach. Intercultural philosophy shouldn't be an academic subject besides others but an attitude followed by everybody who philosophises. No matter what philosophical orientation, other culture's thoughts should be taken into consideration.
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1008:
2297:
2285:
145:
has become a concern to more than just a couple of philosophers there are quite a few names to be mentioned. Their concept of intercultural philosophy differs according to their personal background but what they all agree upon is the practical relevance this approach presents. They each have their own suggestions for how intercultural philosophy should respond to today's situation of globalisation.
4388:
187:, and views himself to be an insider as well as an outsider due to his Indian heritage and Western education. For Mall interculturality derives from the overlapping of cultures that don't exist on their own. Intercultural philosophy is by no means a romantic notion for anything non-European but an attitude which has to precede philosophical thinking. Only then
390:
prevented by comparing several cultures with each other, instead of restricting the comparison to two, and by paying attention to the circumstances under which such a polar relationship between two cultures can be maintained and under what conditions it can also be detected within the cultures that are contrasted with each other.
224:
This book works through stages of intercultural guardianship for the purpose of discussing guardianship of nature. There are many approaches that are not based on scientific rationality which need to be heard in the 21st century. How do we talk with, and understand, radically different experiences of
166:
Kimmerle (born 1930) is professor emeritus at the
Erasmus-university in Rotterdam. He intends to develop a way from colonial thinking towards a dialogue with the African philosophy based on complete equality in order to conceive of an intercultural concept of philosophy. For Kimmerle interculturality
307:
For each tradition is the other quite interesting which is the consistent model for intercultural philosophy. Reciprocal influence happens based on complete equality. Of course in when it comes to practical use it might not be as carefully balanced. One tradition may be more interested in the second
217:
or the justification of norms and values is indeed philosophical. Philosophy should be intercultural all the time even though it isn't yet so. It is quite a 'predicament of culturality' that philosophy claims to be universal but on the other hand will always be embedded in culture, certain means of
121:
it is also important to connect religion and philosophy as they are both key elements of human reality and important to many cultures. When developing an approach to intercultural philosophy one has to abandon the idea of using only one's own ways of demonstration and description but has to include
144:
It is not possible to name any forefathers or -mothers of intercultural thought simply because there have always been individuals in the history of philosophy that have had an intercultural approach in their theories. Although nothing defined and without much impact. Since intercultural philosophy
259:
In this model there is no dialogue possible. It is the goal the expansion of tradition A together with the extinction of cultures such as B, C and D. The reaction of those doesn't have to be the same. The may fiercely object or completely imitate tradition A. This is an example for eurocentrism.
113:
there are those philosophers who believe that there needs to be communication as well as collaboration between different traditions and cultures especially in today's global situation, given that intercultural interactions and encounters are a fact of human existence. The goal is to extend one's
157:
in Aachen, Germany. He was born and raised in Cuba, where he already came in contact with more than one culture, namely with the
European or Hispanic and the African culture. His main interest lies with the Latin-American philosophy, though he has declared he doesn't research the Latin-American
389:
is an elementary means of reducing complexity and classifying things. Its primary function is not to render things as they in fact are, but rather to represent them in a manner in which they are useful. Polarisations with their simplification, exaggeration, absolutism, and exclusivity are best
86:
In the long history of philosophical thought there has always been a claim for universality although many great thinkers from the past see philosophical value only in the western tradition and oversee what other parts of the world have achieved on their own over the centuries. Eurocentric
130:
and becoming something of a world culture, which is monoculturally predetermined, according to Fornet-Betancort, is the project of an intercultural dialogue. Others view China and Japan as an example of intercultural practise that others could learn from as they have managed to integrate
218:
expression and certain questions. Wimmer concerns himself with the history of philosophical thought which has to be rewritten in order to include other traditions beside the occidental. He also wants to develop ways to enable intercultural dialogues, or 'polylogues', as he calls them.
373:– A self-image is no more to be taken at face value than are the impressions of an outsider. According to their constitution and the kind of encounter, people tend to overestimate, super-elevate and embellish themselves, or to underestimate, diminish and denigrate themselves.
316:
Elmar
Holenstein (born 1937) is a Swiss philosopher who concerns himself with questions regarding phenomenology and philosophy of language and culture. He observes a number of rules of thumb that make it possible to avoid intercultural misunderstandings for the most part.
204:
Wimmer (born 1942) is an associate professor at the university of Vienna. It is important to him to liberate the concept of philosophy from eurocentrism. He defines the contents of philosophy regarding to questions asked. Any tradition concerning themselves with either
379:– Behaviour codes and constitutional texts do not represent conditions as they are, but as they should be according to the view of the group that have the say. Sometimes they manifest a mirror image of what is not the case but considered proper behaviour.
122:
other forms such as dance, music, architecture, rituals, art, literature, myths, proverbs, folk tales and so on. A manner of meeting has to be found to allow a variety of exchange where one's own tradition can be preserved and not be forged into one big
529:
is also a journal for intercultural philosophy, published in Padua, Italy since 1996. The journal's language is
Italian. Since 2010, the Centro Interculturale Dedicato a Raimon Panikkar (Intercultural Centre Dedicated to Raimon Panikkar) publishes
345:– If one encounters something in a foreign culture which one is completely unwilling to accept without contradiction, it is not unlikely that one will find comparable, if not worse occurrences in one's own culture, historical and contemporary.
135:
without losing their own cultural identity. Philosophers such as Wimmer and Mall postulate forms of dialogue in which all parties are on the same level ('Ebene der
Gleichheit') without having any other power but the better argument.
400:
is a temptation to place the various eras, trends and formations to be found in them in a uni-linear order as if they are only distinguished by their degree of development and none of them has its own originality and autonomy.
339:– Before meaningless, unnatural, non-human or immature behaviour and corresponding values are attributed to people of another culture, it is better to begin by doubting the adequacy of one's own judgement and knowledge.
195:
and total identity. Working out overlappings despite differences enables to understand other cultures not identical to one's own. Mall pleads for abandonment of any claim to absolute right in theory as well as practice.
245:
This is a concept of the
Austrian philosopher Franz Martin Wimmer. He postulates that within interculturally orientated philosophy methods have to be found which disable any rash universalism or relativistic
91:
agree upon Greek being the only birthplace of philosophy and traditions such as the
Chinese or Indian ones are only teachings of wisdom. Others speak of more than one birthplace and include Asian traditions.
269:
In this model dialogues aren't necessary as well. A continues to be the most influential culture, B ignores D, C ignores D. It may be due to the twofold influence upon C that comparative notions occur. 12
492:
To use terms such as 'German philosophy' and 'East' and 'West' just as abbreviation for 'philosophy formulated or developed in
Germany' and 'philosophy formulated and developed in Asia'
237:
have to be adapted to this new situation. Many philosophers of intercultural thought suggest similar but nonetheless different rules or guidelines when approaching other traditions.
78:, intercultural philosophy as a concept emerged in the 1980s. It is frequently connected to German-speaking European thinkers pursuing an intercultural philosophical perspective.
367:– It is possible to avoid misjudgements and tactlessness by never treating members of another culture as objects or means of research, but as research partners of equal right.
361:, hidden racism, becomes manifest when one's own feeling of superiority is threatened. Foreign cultures have to be analysed to shed a revealing light on one's own culture.
407:– There are mysteries that will remain unanswered in all cultures and across cultures. One has to be prepared for the fact that satisfactory answers might not be found.
1894:
329:– People pursue an end in what they do and don't only express themselves with logical rationality. It is easy to misunderstand if one cannot distinguish logical and
59:, "in which philosophers work on problems by intentionally setting into dialogue various sources from across cultural, linguistic, and philosophical streams", and
323:– One has to assume that thoughts not logical to oneself do not make the culture or tradition alogical or prelogical but rather that one has misunderstood them.
167:
influences everything and therefore philosophy has to adapt itself to interculturality in all sub areas as to not lose its practical relevance. In his opinion
474:
To justify the identification of certain issues regarding to similarities and differences, in particular regarding the relevance of those identifications
52:
521:
Beside the work of individual philosophers journals have been published to spread the intercultural thought and make as many voices heard as possible.
30:
that emphasizes the integration of influences from different cultures. It can represent the meeting of different philosophical traditions, such as
351:– Considering the former rule, it is no less probable that one will find persons in the foreign culture who reject the scandalous event as well.
2308:
525:
is a journal for intercultural philosophising, published in Vienna, Austria since 1998 and offers articles mostly in the German language.
2342:
357:– When people are frustrated, they are inclined to perceive their own shortcomings in magnified form in members of other groups. Crypto-
3185:
191:
becomes possible. Mall has worked out a hermeneutic he calls 'analogous', which moves between two hermeneutic extremes, namely radical
3463:
17:
4100:
823:
Furtado, Gabriel
Vincent “Asian Perspectives For the Development of Intercultural Thought” in: Fornet-Betancourt, Raúl (Ed.).
1884:
927:
914:
46:
233:
When working with different cultures one can't just insist of one's own methods and ask everyone else to do so as well.
102:, referring to the period from 800 BCE to 200 BCE, during which philosophical thinking evolved in China, Indian and the
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988:
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63:, "in which philosophers construct a philosophical system based on the fullness of global traditions of thought".
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in print or in digital format, promoting and spreading cultural events inspired by Raimon Panikkar's thought.
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767:
Furtado, Gabriel Vincent “Intercultural Conflict in Asian Philosophy” in: Fornet-Betancourt, Raúl (Ed.).
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247:
234:
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reality from our own. The approach is not only intercultural, but also philosophical and theological.
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2397:
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580:
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Paul is an associate professor at the university of Karlsruhe. His concerns are epistemology, logic,
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2009:
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2004:
1828:
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1313:
1203:
1168:
1045:
1025:
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460:
Accept the universal validity of the common and pragmatic principle of causality as at least
386:
221:
Peter Raine: Who guards the guardians:intercultural dialogue on environmental guardianship.
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4218:
4180:
4127:
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3812:
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2427:
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2014:
1994:
1923:
1716:
1701:
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1555:
1188:
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553:
8:
4404:
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1984:
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than the third which is a common difficulty regarding intercultural dialogue in general.
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at the university of Munich. He has systematically worked through Indian philosophy and
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1999:
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Mall (born 1937) is a professor of philosophy and teaches intercultural philosophy and
71:
67:
39:
31:
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Those 16 rules shall help to enable an exchange between cultures on an equal level.
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2019:
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1911:
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1816:
1806:
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35:
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3138:
3006:
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1989:
1979:
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1901:
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1811:
1786:
1756:
1751:
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1726:
1510:
1485:
1418:
1276:
894:
468:
298:. There are some dialogues or even polylogues possible, with the exception of D.
118:
3190:
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1974:
1969:
1939:
1918:
1843:
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1580:
1143:
1060:
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3400:
3175:
106:. Jasper's theory is widely accepted by those philosophising interculturally.
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4014:
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3148:
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2559:
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2228:
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2121:
2081:
1949:
1821:
1585:
1565:
1530:
1450:
1391:
1371:
1356:
1330:
1244:
1193:
631:
Chini, Tina “Interkulturelle Philosophie – Disziplin, Orientierung, Praxis?”
506:
486:
333:
rationality, the literal meaning of a sentence and the goal pursued with it.
295:
127:
103:
4045:
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3974:
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2679:
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2168:
2156:
2141:
2111:
2024:
1964:
1570:
1254:
1234:
1229:
1178:
330:
214:
180:
110:
95:
4040:
3979:
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2136:
2106:
1791:
1249:
1148:
1055:
419:
and comparative philosophy as well as human rights. He has formulated 16
410:
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27:
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1525:
461:
184:
99:
3126:
98:, a German psychiatrist and philosopher, developed the theory of an
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3337:
3131:
3031:
2974:
2778:
2732:
2616:
859:
A Dozen Rules of Thumb for Avoiding Intercultural Misunderstandings
210:
153:
Fornet-Betancourt (born 1946) is a professor in the department for
132:
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3332:
3327:
3269:
3264:
3096:
2984:
2979:
2938:
2760:
2606:
2488:
997:
448:
Not to mistake parts of a tradition for the whole (e.g. identify
956:
909:
478:
Comparative philosophy should furthermore meet certain demands:
171:
plays an important role for it pioneers intercultural thinking.
3623:
3544:
3274:
2933:
2923:
2621:
2523:
1308:
358:
607:
Washington, DC, Council for Research and Values in Philosophy.
16:"Comparative philosophy" redirects here. For the journal, see
3439:
3101:
2387:
2320:
377:
Ontology-deontology rule (›is‹ versus ›ought‹ rule)
206:
793:
Amaladass, Ananad “Literarische Formen des Philosophierens”
780:
Panikkar, Raimon (2000). Religion, Philosophie und Kultur."
678:
Die drei Geburtsorte der Philosophie. China, Indien, Europa.
482:
To explicit the underlying and guiding concept of philosophy
966:
228:
3284:
947:
polylog – Zeitschrift für interkulturelles Philosophieren
902:
449:
442:
To only compare equalities and to avert category mistakes
941:
304:
A ↔ B and A ↔ C and A ↔ D and B ↔ C and B ↔ D and C ↔ D
291:
A ↔ B and A ↔ C and A ↔ D and B ↔ C and B ↔ D and C → D
808:
Philosophical Presuppositions of Intercultural Dialogue
126:. The only way to stop cultures from being absorbed by
81:
946:
430:
Identify differences, and to describe and explain them
411:
Gregor Paul's basic rules for intercultural philosophy
942:
WiGiP - Viennese society for intercultural philosophy
327:
Rule of teleological rationality (functionality rule)
957:
ODIP - Online Dictionary of Intercultural Philosophy
383:
Depolarization rule (rule against cultural dualism)
66:While many precursors could be identified, such as
756:Grundpositionen der interkulturellen Philosophie.
4418:
863:polylog: platform for Intercultural Philosophy.
812:polylog: platform for Intercultural Philosophy.
439:Assume the existence of universal, logical laws
879:Einführung in die Interkulturelle Philosophie.
853:
2336:
982:
923:"Comparative Philosophy: Chinese and Western"
851:
849:
847:
845:
843:
841:
839:
837:
835:
833:
427:Ascertain similarities and make them explicit
301:Complete reciprocal influence: the polylogue
952:polylog – Forum for Intercultural Philosophy
769:Unterwegs zur interkulturellen Philosophie.
423:rules regarding intercultural philosophy.
2343:
2329:
989:
975:
830:
750:
716:
714:
712:
710:
817:
748:
746:
744:
742:
740:
738:
736:
734:
732:
730:
704:Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc.
148:
761:
696:
694:
692:
690:
688:
686:
659:
657:
655:
653:
651:
649:
647:
645:
643:
641:
456:Rules regarding comparative philosophy:
294:All forms here can be seen as selective
899:The Oxford Handbook of World Philosophy
873:
871:
707:
627:
625:
623:
621:
619:
617:
615:
613:
229:Approaches to an intercultural dialogue
4419:
962:Bibliography of Comparative Philosophy
727:
516:
199:
18:Comparative and Continental Philosophy
4082:
2824:
2362:
2324:
970:
683:
670:
638:
2284:
1885:Role of Christianity in civilization
868:
610:
597:
349:Vos-quoque rule (you-do-it-too-rule)
285:A ↔ B and A → C and A → D and B → C
266:A → B and A → C and A → D and B → C
82:The idea of intercultural philosophy
2296:
928:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
915:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
754:Yousefi, Hamid Reza et al. (2005).
722:Die Dimension des Interkulturellen.
467:Orient oneself on the existence of
396:– The assumption that cultures are
343:Nos-quoque rule (we-do-it-too-rule)
263:One-sided and transitive influence
13:
14:
4448:
935:
605:What is Intercultural Philosophy?
436:Avoid mystification and exoticism
311:
174:
161:
4400:
4399:
4386:
2295:
2283:
2272:
2271:
1006:
337:Humanity rule (naturalness rule)
139:
2097:Culture and positive psychology
1007:
861:(D. Goodwin, Trans.) online at
806:Fornet-Betancourt, Raúl (2000)
800:
787:
676:Mall, Ram Adhar et al. (1989).
2350:
1536:High- and low-context cultures
774:
276:There are many forms such as:
1:
4083:
887:
663:Wimmer, Franz Martin (2004).
89:Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
3872:Ordinary language philosophy
2363:
2102:Culture and social cognition
1087:Cross-cultural communication
665:Interkulturelle Philosophie.
603:Sweet, William, ed. (2014),
273:Partly reciprocal influence
240:
7:
3922:Contemporary utilitarianism
3837:Internalism and externalism
2184:Intercultural communication
996:
758:Nordhausen: Traugott Bautz.
549:Intercultural communication
537:
321:Rule of logical rationality
10:
4453:
3186:Svatantrika and Prasangika
2825:
1627:Cross cultural sensitivity
1294:Resistance through culture
857:Holenstein, Elmar (2003).
452:as the Eastern philosophy)
279:A ↔ B and A → C and A → D
256:A → B and A → C and A → D
15:
4427:Philosophical methodology
4380:
4332:
4232:
4194:
4141:
4108:
4099:
4095:
4078:
4028:
3940:
3778:
3769:
3702:
3485:
3476:
3454:
3409:
3351:
3303:
3257:
3248:
3211:
3082:
2947:
2894:
2885:
2835:
2831:
2820:
2759:
2731:
2688:
2640:
2597:
2550:
2522:
2474:
2446:
2408:Philosophy of mathematics
2398:Philosophy of information
2373:
2369:
2358:
2267:
2239:Transformation of culture
1932:
1852:
1672:Cultural environmentalism
1609:
1349:
1212:
1102:Cross-cultural psychology
1097:Cross-cultural psychiatry
1092:Cross-cultural leadership
1069:
1018:
1004:
825:Kulturen der Philosophie.
702:Intercultural Philosophy.
581:Middle Eastern philosophy
2199:Living things in culture
2189:Intercultural competence
2092:Culture and menstruation
1591:Trans-cultural diffusion
910:"Comparative Philosophy"
720:Kimmerle, Heinz (1994).
700:Mall, Ram Adhar (2000).
591:
76:Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan
24:Intercultural philosophy
3877:Postanalytic philosophy
3818:Experimental philosophy
2010:Cultural homogenization
1240:Individualistic culture
1174:Popular culture studies
1159:Intercultural relations
464:and pragmatic principle
355:Anti-crypto-racism rule
4010:Social constructionism
3022:Hellenistic philosophy
2438:Theoretical philosophy
2413:Philosophy of religion
2403:Philosophy of language
1945:Archaeological culture
1692:Cultural globalization
1561:Organizational culture
1409:Cultural communication
1367:Cultural appropriation
1154:Intercultural learning
1082:Cross-cultural studies
893:William Edelglass and
771:Frankfurt: IKO (1998).
509:of important examples.
496:Further common rules:
189:comparative philosophy
149:Raúl Fornet-Betancourt
57:comparative philosophy
4393:Philosophy portal
3912:Scientific skepticism
3892:Reformed epistemology
2418:Philosophy of science
2214:Participatory culture
2005:Cultural evolutionism
1829:Multiracial democracy
1707:Cultural intelligence
1652:Cultural conservatism
1642:Cultural backwardness
1632:Cultural assimilation
1506:Cultural reproduction
1362:Cultural appreciation
1314:Far-right subcultures
1204:Transcultural nursing
1169:Philosophy of culture
1046:Cultural neuroscience
1026:Cultural anthropology
877:Paul, Gregor (2008).
445:Avoid generalisations
87:philosophers such as
3813:Critical rationalism
3520:Edo neo-Confucianism
3364:Acintya bheda abheda
3343:Renaissance humanism
3054:School of the Sextii
2428:Practical philosophy
2423:Political philosophy
2209:Oppositional culture
2179:Emotions and culture
2087:Cultural sensibility
2077:Cultural translation
2015:Cultural institution
1995:Cultural determinism
1717:Cultural nationalism
1702:Cultural imperialism
1662:Cultural deprivation
1556:Non-material culture
1189:Sociology of culture
1184:Semiotics of culture
865:Retrieved 2010-09-07
814:Retrieved 2010-09-07
554:Perennial philosophy
394:Non-homogeneity rule
253:One-sided influence
4432:Philosophy by topic
3384:Nimbarka Sampradaya
3295:Korean Confucianism
3042:Academic Skepticism
2060:Culture speculation
2055:Cultural relativism
1985:Cultural competence
1875:Cultural Christians
1747:Cultural Revolution
1737:Cultural radicalism
1712:Cultural liberalism
1647:Cultural Bolshevism
1622:Consumer capitalism
1576:Relational mobility
1516:Cultural technology
1424:Cultural dissonance
1341:Culture by location
1304:Alternative culture
1220:Constructed culture
1199:Theology of culture
1139:Cultural psychology
1119:Cultural entomology
908:Ronnie Littlejohn,
635:12 (2004): 120-131.
571:American philosophy
517:Intercultural media
501:Multidisciplinarity
200:Franz Martin Wimmer
109:In contrast to any
4005:Post-structuralism
3907:Scientific realism
3862:Quinean naturalism
3842:Logical positivism
3798:Analytical Marxism
3017:Peripatetic school
2929:Chinese naturalism
2456:Aesthetic response
2383:Applied philosophy
2219:Permission culture
2152:Disability culture
2132:Children's culture
2000:Cultural diversity
1960:Circuit of culture
1742:Cultural retention
1722:Cultural pessimism
1677:Cultural exception
1667:Cultural diplomacy
1657:Cultural contracts
1617:Colonial mentality
1546:Manuscript culture
1521:Cultural universal
1491:Cultural pluralism
1471:Cultural landscape
1466:Cultural invention
1434:Cultural framework
1336:Vernacular culture
1134:Cultural mediation
1114:Cultural economics
1109:Cultural analytics
1041:Cultural geography
1031:Cultural astronomy
724:Amsterdam: Rodopi.
586:Western philosophy
576:Eastern philosophy
566:African philosophy
72:Brajendranath Seal
68:Paul Masson-Oursel
40:African philosophy
32:Western philosophy
26:is an approach to
4414:
4413:
4376:
4375:
4372:
4371:
4368:
4367:
4074:
4073:
4070:
4069:
4066:
4065:
3793:Analytic feminism
3765:
3764:
3727:Kierkegaardianism
3689:Transcendentalism
3649:Neo-scholasticism
3495:Classical Realism
3472:
3471:
3244:
3243:
3059:Neopythagoreanism
2816:
2815:
2812:
2811:
2433:Social philosophy
2318:
2317:
2147:Death and culture
2040:Cultural movement
2030:Cultural literacy
1890:Eastern Orthodoxy
1802:Dominator culture
1797:Deculturalization
1697:Cultural hegemony
1687:Cultural genocide
1682:Cultural feminism
1501:Cultural property
1496:Cultural practice
1481:Cultural leveling
1476:Cultural learning
1461:Cultural industry
1456:Cultural identity
1439:Cultural heritage
1429:Cultural emphasis
1414:Cultural conflict
1387:Cultural behavior
1377:Cultural artifact
1289:Primitive culture
1265:Political culture
507:Contextualisation
433:Dispel prejudices
371:Subjectivity rule
169:philosophy of art
53:Ronnie Littlejohn
4444:
4437:Interculturalism
4403:
4402:
4391:
4390:
4389:
4106:
4105:
4097:
4096:
4080:
4079:
3970:Frankfurt School
3917:Transactionalism
3867:Normative ethics
3847:Legal positivism
3823:Falsificationism
3808:Consequentialism
3803:Communitarianism
3776:
3775:
3644:New Confucianism
3483:
3482:
3290:Neo-Confucianism
3255:
3254:
3064:Second Sophistic
3049:Middle Platonism
2892:
2891:
2833:
2832:
2822:
2821:
2665:Epiphenomenalism
2532:Consequentialism
2466:Institutionalism
2371:
2370:
2360:
2359:
2345:
2338:
2331:
2322:
2321:
2299:
2298:
2287:
2286:
2275:
2274:
2164:Drinking culture
2117:Culture industry
2065:Cultural tourism
2045:Cultural mulatto
2020:Cultural jet lag
1955:Cannabis culture
1912:Cultural Muslims
1834:Pluriculturalism
1817:Multiculturalism
1807:Interculturalism
1782:Culture minister
1772:Cultural Zionism
1767:Cultural subsidy
1762:Cultural silence
1637:Cultural attaché
1596:Transculturation
1551:Material culture
1541:Interculturality
1397:Cultural capital
1382:Cultural baggage
1319:Youth subculture
1260:Official culture
1225:Dominant culture
1164:Internet culture
1129:Cultural mapping
1124:Cultural history
1051:Cultural studies
1036:Cultural ecology
1010:
1009:
991:
984:
977:
968:
967:
882:
875:
866:
855:
828:
821:
815:
804:
798:
797:15 (2006): 7-17.
791:
785:
784:1 (1998): 13-37.
778:
772:
765:
759:
752:
725:
718:
705:
698:
681:
674:
668:
661:
636:
629:
608:
601:
544:Interculturalism
489:and eurocentrism
405:Agnosticism rule
365:Personality rule
61:world philosophy
45:Writing for the
36:Asian philosophy
4452:
4451:
4447:
4446:
4445:
4443:
4442:
4441:
4417:
4416:
4415:
4410:
4387:
4385:
4364:
4328:
4228:
4190:
4137:
4091:
4090:
4062:
4051:Russian cosmism
4024:
4020:Western Marxism
3985:New Historicism
3950:Critical theory
3936:
3932:Wittgensteinian
3828:Foundationalism
3761:
3698:
3679:Social contract
3535:Foundationalism
3468:
3450:
3434:Illuminationism
3419:Aristotelianism
3405:
3394:Vishishtadvaita
3347:
3299:
3240:
3207:
3078:
3007:Megarian school
3002:Eretrian school
2943:
2904:Agriculturalism
2881:
2827:
2808:
2755:
2727:
2684:
2636:
2593:
2577:Incompatibilism
2546:
2518:
2470:
2442:
2365:
2354:
2349:
2319:
2314:
2263:
2254:Western culture
2249:Welfare culture
2174:Eastern culture
2035:Cultural mosaic
1990:Cultural critic
1980:Cultural center
1928:
1902:Cultural Hindus
1848:
1839:Polyculturalism
1812:Monoculturalism
1787:Culture of fear
1757:Cultural safety
1752:Cultural rights
1732:Cultural racism
1727:Cultural policy
1605:
1511:Cultural system
1486:Cultural memory
1419:Cultural cringe
1345:
1277:Popular culture
1208:
1144:Cultural values
1065:
1014:
1000:
995:
938:
895:Jay L. Garfield
890:
885:
881:Darmstadt: WBG.
876:
869:
856:
831:
822:
818:
805:
801:
792:
788:
779:
775:
766:
762:
753:
728:
719:
708:
699:
684:
675:
671:
662:
639:
630:
611:
602:
598:
594:
540:
519:
469:anthropological
413:
314:
243:
231:
202:
177:
164:
151:
142:
119:Raimon Panikkar
84:
21:
12:
11:
5:
4450:
4440:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4412:
4411:
4409:
4408:
4396:
4381:
4378:
4377:
4374:
4373:
4370:
4369:
4366:
4365:
4363:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4336:
4334:
4330:
4329:
4327:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4260:
4259:
4249:
4244:
4238:
4236:
4230:
4229:
4227:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4200:
4198:
4196:Middle Eastern
4192:
4191:
4189:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4147:
4145:
4139:
4138:
4136:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4114:
4112:
4103:
4093:
4092:
4089:
4088:
4084:
4076:
4075:
4072:
4071:
4068:
4067:
4064:
4063:
4061:
4060:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4032:
4030:
4026:
4025:
4023:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3960:Existentialism
3957:
3955:Deconstruction
3952:
3946:
3944:
3938:
3937:
3935:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3788:Applied ethics
3784:
3782:
3773:
3767:
3766:
3763:
3762:
3760:
3759:
3754:
3752:Nietzscheanism
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3723:
3722:
3712:
3706:
3704:
3700:
3699:
3697:
3696:
3694:Utilitarianism
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3595:
3594:
3592:Transcendental
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3559:
3558:
3557:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3530:Existentialism
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3486:
3480:
3474:
3473:
3470:
3469:
3467:
3466:
3460:
3458:
3452:
3451:
3449:
3448:
3443:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3415:
3413:
3407:
3406:
3404:
3403:
3398:
3397:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3355:
3353:
3349:
3348:
3346:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3318:Augustinianism
3315:
3309:
3307:
3301:
3300:
3298:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3261:
3259:
3252:
3246:
3245:
3242:
3241:
3239:
3238:
3233:
3231:Zoroastrianism
3228:
3223:
3217:
3215:
3209:
3208:
3206:
3205:
3204:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3153:
3152:
3151:
3146:
3136:
3135:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3088:
3086:
3080:
3079:
3077:
3076:
3074:Church Fathers
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3045:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2988:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2956:
2954:
2945:
2944:
2942:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2900:
2898:
2889:
2883:
2882:
2880:
2879:
2878:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2847:
2841:
2839:
2829:
2828:
2818:
2817:
2814:
2813:
2810:
2809:
2807:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2765:
2763:
2757:
2756:
2754:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2737:
2735:
2729:
2728:
2726:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2694:
2692:
2686:
2685:
2683:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2646:
2644:
2638:
2637:
2635:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2603:
2601:
2595:
2594:
2592:
2591:
2589:Libertarianism
2586:
2585:
2584:
2574:
2573:
2572:
2562:
2556:
2554:
2548:
2547:
2545:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2528:
2526:
2520:
2519:
2517:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2480:
2478:
2472:
2471:
2469:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2452:
2450:
2444:
2443:
2441:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2393:Metaphilosophy
2390:
2385:
2379:
2377:
2367:
2366:
2356:
2355:
2348:
2347:
2340:
2333:
2325:
2316:
2315:
2313:
2312:
2305:
2293:
2281:
2268:
2265:
2264:
2262:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2160:
2159:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2073:
2072:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2050:Cultural probe
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1975:Cross-cultural
1972:
1970:Coffee culture
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1940:Animal culture
1936:
1934:
1930:
1929:
1927:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1915:
1914:
1904:
1899:
1898:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1862:
1856:
1854:
1850:
1849:
1847:
1846:
1844:Transculturism
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1825:
1824:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1777:Culture change
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1613:
1611:
1607:
1606:
1604:
1603:
1601:Visual culture
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1581:Safety culture
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1447:
1446:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1405:
1404:
1402:Cross-cultural
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1353:
1351:
1347:
1346:
1344:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1327:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
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1272:
1262:
1257:
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1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1216:
1214:
1210:
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1196:
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1105:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1079:
1073:
1071:
1067:
1066:
1064:
1063:
1061:Culture theory
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1022:
1020:
1016:
1015:
1005:
1002:
1001:
994:
993:
986:
979:
971:
965:
964:
959:
954:
949:
944:
937:
936:External links
934:
933:
932:
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886:
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883:
867:
829:
816:
799:
786:
773:
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726:
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682:
680:Bonn: Bouvier.
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446:
443:
440:
437:
434:
431:
428:
421:methodological
412:
409:
313:
312:Rules of thumb
310:
242:
239:
235:Communications
230:
227:
201:
198:
176:
175:Ram Adhar Mall
173:
163:
162:Heinz Kimmerle
160:
150:
147:
141:
138:
83:
80:
55:distinguished
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4449:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4424:
4422:
4407:
4406:
4397:
4395:
4394:
4383:
4382:
4379:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4337:
4335:
4333:Miscellaneous
4331:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4258:
4255:
4254:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4239:
4237:
4235:
4231:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4201:
4199:
4197:
4193:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4148:
4146:
4144:
4140:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4115:
4113:
4111:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4098:
4094:
4086:
4085:
4081:
4077:
4059:
4058:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4033:
4031:
4029:Miscellaneous
4027:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4015:Structuralism
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
4000:Postmodernism
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3990:Phenomenology
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3947:
3945:
3943:
3939:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3927:Vienna Circle
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3857:Moral realism
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3785:
3783:
3781:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3768:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3721:
3718:
3717:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3707:
3705:
3701:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3659:Phenomenology
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3599:Individualism
3597:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3564:
3563:
3560:
3556:
3553:
3552:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3487:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3475:
3465:
3464:Judeo-Islamic
3462:
3461:
3459:
3457:
3453:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3441:
3440:ʿIlm al-Kalām
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3416:
3414:
3412:
3408:
3402:
3399:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3389:Shuddhadvaita
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3361:
3360:
3357:
3356:
3354:
3350:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3323:Scholasticism
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3310:
3308:
3306:
3302:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3262:
3260:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3247:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3218:
3216:
3214:
3210:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3158:
3157:
3154:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3141:
3140:
3137:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3094:
3093:
3090:
3089:
3087:
3085:
3081:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3024:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2962:
2961:
2958:
2957:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2946:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2901:
2899:
2897:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2884:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2852:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2842:
2840:
2838:
2834:
2830:
2823:
2819:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2774:Conceptualism
2772:
2770:
2767:
2766:
2764:
2762:
2758:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2738:
2736:
2734:
2730:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2703:Particularism
2701:
2699:
2696:
2695:
2693:
2691:
2687:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2670:Functionalism
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2655:Eliminativism
2653:
2651:
2648:
2647:
2645:
2643:
2639:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2604:
2602:
2600:
2596:
2590:
2587:
2583:
2580:
2579:
2578:
2575:
2571:
2568:
2567:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2560:Compatibilism
2558:
2557:
2555:
2553:
2549:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2529:
2527:
2525:
2521:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2499:Particularism
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2481:
2479:
2477:
2473:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2453:
2451:
2449:
2445:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2380:
2378:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2346:
2341:
2339:
2334:
2332:
2327:
2326:
2323:
2311:
2310:
2306:
2304:
2303:
2294:
2292:
2291:
2282:
2280:
2279:
2270:
2269:
2266:
2260:
2259:Youth culture
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2244:Urban culture
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2229:Remix culture
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2204:Media culture
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2194:Languaculture
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2158:
2155:
2154:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2122:Culture shock
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2082:Cultural turn
2080:
2078:
2075:
2071:
2068:
2067:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1950:Bennett scale
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1937:
1935:
1931:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1913:
1910:
1909:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1880:Protestantism
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1867:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1857:
1855:
1851:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1823:
1822:Biculturalism
1820:
1819:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1614:
1612:
1608:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1586:Technoculture
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1566:Print culture
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1531:Enculturation
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1451:Cultural icon
1449:
1445:
1442:
1441:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1403:
1400:
1399:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1392:Cultural bias
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1372:Cultural area
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1357:Acculturation
1355:
1354:
1352:
1348:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1331:Super culture
1329:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1301:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1283:
1280:
1279:
1278:
1275:
1271:
1268:
1267:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1245:Legal culture
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1215:
1211:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1194:Sound culture
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1074:
1072:
1068:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1023:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1003:
999:
992:
987:
985:
980:
978:
973:
972:
969:
963:
960:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
939:
930:
929:
924:
920:
917:
916:
911:
907:
904:
900:
896:
892:
891:
880:
874:
872:
864:
860:
854:
852:
850:
848:
846:
844:
842:
840:
838:
836:
834:
827:Aachen: 1996.
826:
820:
813:
809:
803:
796:
790:
783:
777:
770:
764:
757:
751:
749:
747:
745:
743:
741:
739:
737:
735:
733:
731:
723:
717:
715:
713:
711:
703:
697:
695:
693:
691:
689:
687:
679:
673:
666:
660:
658:
656:
654:
652:
650:
648:
646:
644:
642:
634:
628:
626:
624:
622:
620:
618:
616:
614:
606:
600:
596:
587:
584:
582:
579:
577:
574:
572:
569:
567:
564:
563:
559:
558:
555:
552:
550:
547:
545:
542:
541:
535:
533:
532:Cirpit Review
528:
524:
514:
508:
505:
502:
499:
498:
497:
491:
488:
487:ethnocentrism
484:
481:
480:
479:
473:
470:
466:
463:
459:
458:
457:
451:
447:
444:
441:
438:
435:
432:
429:
426:
425:
424:
422:
418:
408:
406:
402:
399:
395:
391:
388:
384:
380:
378:
374:
372:
368:
366:
362:
360:
356:
352:
350:
346:
344:
340:
338:
334:
332:
328:
324:
322:
318:
309:
305:
302:
299:
297:
296:acculturation
292:
289:
286:
283:
280:
277:
274:
271:
267:
264:
261:
257:
254:
251:
249:
248:particularism
238:
236:
226:
222:
219:
216:
212:
208:
197:
194:
190:
186:
182:
172:
170:
159:
156:
146:
140:Main thinkers
137:
134:
129:
128:globalisation
125:
120:
115:
112:
107:
105:
101:
97:
93:
90:
79:
77:
73:
69:
64:
62:
58:
54:
50:
49:
43:
41:
37:
33:
29:
25:
19:
4398:
4384:
4055:
4046:Postcritique
4036:Kyoto School
3995:Posthumanism
3975:Hermeneutics
3830: /
3771:Contemporary
3747:Newtonianism
3710:Cartesianism
3669:Reductionism
3505:Conservatism
3500:Collectivism
3438:
3166:Sarvāstivadā
3144:Anekantavada
3069:Neoplatonism
3037:Epicureanism
2970:Pythagoreans
2909:Confucianism
2875:Contemporary
2865:Early modern
2769:Anti-realism
2723:Universalism
2680:Subjectivism
2476:Epistemology
2307:
2300:
2288:
2276:
2224:Rape culture
2169:Drug culture
2157:Deaf culture
2142:Cyberculture
2112:Culture hero
2025:Cultural lag
1965:Civilization
1865:Christianity
1571:Protoculture
1255:Microculture
1235:High culture
1230:Folk culture
1179:Postcritique
926:
921:David Wong,
913:
898:
878:
862:
824:
819:
811:
802:
794:
789:
781:
776:
768:
763:
755:
721:
701:
677:
672:
667:Vienna: UTB.
664:
632:
604:
599:
531:
526:
522:
520:
512:
495:
477:
455:
414:
404:
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393:
392:
387:Polarisation
382:
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376:
375:
370:
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364:
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353:
348:
347:
342:
341:
336:
335:
331:teleological
326:
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281:
278:
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268:
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244:
232:
223:
220:
215:epistemology
203:
181:hermeneutics
178:
165:
152:
143:
116:
111:eurocentrism
108:
96:Karl Jaspers
94:
85:
65:
60:
56:
47:
44:
23:
22:
4041:Objectivism
3980:Neo-Marxism
3942:Continental
3852:Meta-ethics
3832:Coherentism
3737:Hegelianism
3674:Rationalism
3634:Natural law
3614:Materialism
3540:Historicism
3510:Determinism
3401:Navya-Nyāya
3176:Sautrāntika
3171:Pudgalavada
3107:Vaisheshika
2960:Presocratic
2860:Renaissance
2799:Physicalism
2784:Materialism
2690:Normativity
2675:Objectivism
2660:Emergentism
2650:Behaviorism
2599:Metaphysics
2565:Determinism
2504:Rationalism
2302:WikiProject
2234:Tea culture
2137:Culturalism
2107:Culture gap
2070:Pop-culture
1870:Catholicism
1792:Culture war
1250:Low culture
1149:Culturomics
1056:Culturology
398:homogeneous
4421:Categories
4340:Amerindian
4247:Australian
4186:Vietnamese
4166:Indonesian
3715:Kantianism
3664:Positivism
3654:Pragmatism
3629:Naturalism
3609:Liberalism
3587:Subjective
3525:Empiricism
3429:Avicennism
3374:Bhedabheda
3258:East Asian
3181:Madhyamaka
3161:Abhidharma
3027:Pyrrhonism
2794:Nominalism
2789:Naturalism
2718:Skepticism
2708:Relativism
2698:Absolutism
2627:Naturalism
2537:Deontology
2509:Skepticism
2494:Naturalism
2484:Empiricism
2448:Aesthetics
2352:Philosophy
1299:Subculture
1077:Bioculture
888:References
810:online at
560:Traditions
527:Simplegadi
417:aesthetics
193:difference
155:missiology
124:syncretism
28:philosophy
4219:Pakistani
4181:Taiwanese
4128:Ethiopian
4101:By region
4087:By region
3902:Scientism
3897:Systemics
3757:Spinozism
3684:Socialism
3619:Modernism
3582:Objective
3490:Anarchism
3424:Averroism
3313:Christian
3265:Neotaoism
3236:Zurvanism
3226:Mithraism
3221:Mazdakism
2992:Cyrenaics
2919:Logicians
2552:Free will
2514:Solipsism
2461:Formalism
2127:Culturgen
1895:Mormonism
1853:Religions
1526:Cultureme
1444:Destroyed
1070:Subfields
901:(Oxford:
471:constants
462:heuristic
241:Polylogue
185:sociology
100:Axial Age
4405:Category
4360:Yugoslav
4350:Romanian
4257:Scottish
4242:American
4171:Japanese
4151:Buddhist
4133:Africana
4123:Egyptian
3965:Feminist
3887:Rawlsian
3882:Quietism
3780:Analytic
3732:Krausism
3639:Nihilism
3604:Kokugaku
3567:Absolute
3562:Idealism
3550:Humanism
3338:Occamism
3305:European
3250:Medieval
3196:Yogacara
3156:Buddhist
3149:Syādvāda
3032:Stoicism
2997:Cynicism
2985:Sophists
2980:Atomists
2975:Eleatics
2914:Legalism
2855:Medieval
2779:Idealism
2733:Ontology
2713:Nihilism
2617:Idealism
2375:Branches
2364:Branches
2278:Category
1860:Buddhism
1610:Politics
1019:Sciences
905:, 2011).
897:(eds.),
538:See also
211:ontology
133:Buddhism
104:Occident
4355:Russian
4324:Spanish
4319:Slovene
4309:Maltese
4304:Italian
4284:Finland
4252:British
4234:Western
4224:Turkish
4209:Islamic
4204:Iranian
4156:Chinese
4143:Eastern
4110:African
4057:more...
3742:Marxism
3572:British
3515:Dualism
3411:Islamic
3369:Advaita
3359:Vedanta
3333:Scotism
3328:Thomism
3270:Tiantai
3213:Persian
3201:Tibetan
3191:Śūnyatā
3132:Cārvāka
3122:Ājīvika
3117:Mīmāṃsā
3097:Samkhya
3012:Academy
2965:Ionians
2939:Yangism
2896:Chinese
2887:Ancient
2850:Western
2845:Ancient
2804:Realism
2761:Reality
2751:Process
2632:Realism
2612:Dualism
2607:Atomism
2489:Fideism
2309:Changes
2290:Commons
1933:Related
1924:Sikhism
1919:Judaism
1350:Aspects
1012:Outline
998:Culture
795:polylog
782:polylog
633:polylog
523:Polylog
288:up to:
4314:Polish
4294:German
4289:French
4274:Danish
4264:Canada
4214:Jewish
4176:Korean
4161:Indian
3703:People
3624:Monism
3577:German
3545:Holism
3478:Modern
3456:Jewish
3379:Dvaita
3352:Indian
3275:Huayan
3127:Ajñana
3084:Indian
2949:Greco-
2934:Taoism
2924:Mohism
2870:Modern
2837:By era
2826:By era
2741:Action
2622:Monism
2542:Virtue
2524:Ethics
1309:Fandom
485:Avoid
359:racism
74:, and
38:, and
4345:Aztec
4299:Greek
4279:Dutch
4269:Czech
4118:Bantu
3555:Anti-
3102:Nyaya
3092:Hindu
2952:Roman
2746:Event
2388:Logic
1907:Islam
1282:Urban
1270:Civic
1213:Types
592:Notes
207:logic
3446:Sufi
3280:Chan
3139:Jain
3112:Yoga
2642:Mind
2582:Hard
2570:Hard
1324:list
282:or:
117:For
3720:Neo
3285:Zen
903:OUP
503:and
450:Zen
48:IEP
4423::
925:,
912:,
870:^
832:^
729:^
709:^
685:^
640:^
612:^
385:–
213:,
209:,
70:,
51:,
42:.
34:,
2344:e
2337:t
2330:v
990:e
983:t
976:v
931:.
918:.
20:.
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