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additional MB after reaching the cap, at US$ 0.103. The second highest was
Ireland at US$ 0.018 per MB. In a sample comparison of 27 countries, all in Europe and North America along with Japan, Korea, Australia, and New Zealand, between 2005 and 2008 inclusive, the fastest DSL service was Japan and Korea at 102,400 kbit/s. Australia was ranked fourth from the bottom at 1,536 kbit/s, above Greece, Spain and Mexico who were each 1,024 kbit/s. Cable internet in Australia ranked third in greatest increase in speed, from 2,880 kbit/s in 2005 to 20,000 kbit/s in 2008, compared to the other 27 countries. While all but two countries lowered their prices by an estimated average of 10% per year, Australia raised its prices by an average of 14% per year.
1395:. The government also utilises fixed wireless technology and satellite technology to provide fast broadband connection in rural and remote areas. Fixed wireless provides speeds up to 50/20 Mbit/s. Satellite technology uses sky muster communication satellite which was launched in October 2015 to provide fast broadband in very remote area. It provides speeds up to 25/5 Mbit/s. The network will be the largest single infrastructure investment in Australia's history. In February 2017, the Federal Government of Australia funded the project for the NBN in order to build a mixed technology network.
171:(AVCC) Telstra Internet commenced operation out of Canberra on 1 July 1995. Prior to this operation the tariffs charged by the then small internet providers was based on time used on the service. Telstra Internet developed a world first tariff in charging by megabits downloaded, soon acclaimed by the rest of the world which followed suit. Some three months after Telstra Internet became operational a new link to the USA was purchased bringing the capacity to 45 Mbit/s and followed three months later by an additional 45 Mbit/s link such was the growth of the internet in 1995/96.
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340:, OPEL Networks was announced as the sole successful bidder, receiving the entire $ 600 million in funding under the program, as well as an additional allocation of $ 358 million. This was to be combined with $ 917 million to be invested by the OPEL Networks joint venture. The awarding of additional funding was met with some debate. The funding agreement was signed on 9 September 2007, which was dependent upon further planning by OPEL and confirmation that it would reach the agreed levels of coverage. The then
207:, at speeds of 256/64 kbit/s (downstream/upstream), 512/128 kbit/s, and 1500/256 kbit/s. Telstra chose to artificially limit all ADSL speeds to a maximum of 1500/256 kbit/s. As ADSL required access to the telephone exchange and the copper line – which only Telstra had – this allowed Telstra to be dominant due to the expense of roll-out for other companies and Telstra's established customer base. Other ISPs followed suit soon after; offering a
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419:(FTTN) network. At the time, the Federal Government was the majority shareholder of Telstra, but the plan did not involve any additional government investment. The rollout was later put on hold after the Howard Government refused to exempt the new network from laws requiring third party access, instead saying Telstra could achieve the exemption by applying to the
128:) in March 1986. From then on various universities connected intermittently (mostly via dialup UUCP protocol links) to allow for the sending and receiving of email links and for use by emerging newsgroup facilities. Prior to IP-based connection to the greater Internet, there existed a message-based network, linking academic institutions within Australia, known as
167:. In late 1994 the Telstra team led by Max Bosotti commenced negotiations to acquire all the assets of AARNet and establish a fully fledged commercial operation. Under AARNet the internet link to the node in Los Angeles consisted of a 1.5 Mbit/s link, accommodating all the dial-up services for Australia. After extensive negotiations with the
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which was envisaged as being available to infrastructure projects. On 21 September 2006, the government announced they would invest up to $ 600 million in broadband infrastructure projects in rural, regional and remote
Australia under this program. Applications for funding were open until 30 November. On 18 June 2007, in the lead up to a
268:. Several other service providers have since begun deploying their own DSLAMs. The presence of non-Telstra DSLAMs allowed the service providers to control the speed of connection, and most offered "uncapped" speeds, allowing the customers to connect at whatever speed their copper pair would allow, up to 8 Mbit/s. Ratification of
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confirmed at the same time that they do shape peer-to-peer activity to "smooth the flow of data". In 2007 Optus changed their policy so that uploads as well as downloads would be counted towards the customers limit. This has been seen as a move to curb the amount of peer-to-peer activity, since other
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is a pioneer of deploying cost-effective, competitive backhaul networks including their own microwave network in rural South
Australia. Internode has been active in increasing access in order to be accessible to more people, spending $ 3.5 million. This expansion will include both "wireless and fixed
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A further early provider was the not-for-profit
Australian Public Access Network Association (APANA). Founded in 1992 by Mark Gregson, APANA ran many small, widely dispersed gratis hosts for bulletin board systems and newsgroups, but developed into a provider of low-cost, non-commercial access to the
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network (which reportedly covers 99% of the
Australian population as of September 2008) with speeds advertised of being up to 14 Mbit/s stimulated investment in wireless broadband by competitors Optus, Vodafone and Hutchison Telecommunications, who are presently expanding their HSPA networks to
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Internet in
Australia has great differences between urban and rural areas. With the March 2007 announcement of the Broadband Guarantee program, which will replace the Broadband Connect program, many long-term projects to bring Internet to Rural Areas are under review. A week after the announcement,
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Various providers offer wireless networks dedicated to broadband, both in metropolitan and rural areas. Wireless internet is better suited to the more rural areas of
Australia due to the larger distances and lower population density which make traditional lines costly. New business models have been
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networks running at up to 30 Mbit/s exist in all of the major metropolitan regions. Telstra, in
November 2009, finished upgrading the HFC Cable network in Melbourne, which will provide speeds of up to 100 Mbit/s, providing the city with the nation's fastest internet. The system was rolled
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Residential broadband
Internet access is available in Australia using ADSL, cable, fibre, satellite and wireless technologies. Since July 2008 almost two thirds of Australian households have had internet access, with broadband connections outnumbering dial-up two to one. According to the recent ABS
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government called for expressions of interest for discussion of how to invest up to $ 878 million in funding under
Broadband Connect program to provide greater access to broadband services in rural and regional areas at prices comparable to services available in metropolitan areas, $ 500 million of
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In January 2024, Russian hackers launched a major attack on Australian government departments and agencies. This attack, considered Australia's largest government cyberattack to date, resulted in the theft of 2.5 million documents from 65 different government entities. The hackers gained access by
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in planning and trial operation in Australia by the federal government. The national broadband network aimed to provide up to 1000 Mbit/s speeds and to connect to 93% of Australian households and businesses. This has since been revised under a Coalition government to a Mixed-Technology system
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Due to Australia's large size, sparse population, and relative remoteness to other countries, a significant amount of infrastructure is required for Internet communications. The vast majority of Australia's international Internet transit capacity is sourced from undersea fibre-optic communications
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compared countries where more than 50% of offers have bit/data caps. Australia is one of four countries of the 13 with caps where 100% of plan options had download caps, and it ranked fourth in average download limit size (27 GB). It ranked number one by a wide margin in the average price per
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Customers on connection speeds of 1.5 Mbit/s have increased from 2.47 million (37% of total) in December 2007 to 3.10 million (43% of total) in June 2008. In December 2008 there were 7.996 million Internet subscribers representing a year on year increase of 13%. There was a decrease of 30% in
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residential customers after a monthly download quota has been exceeded. Shaped connection speeds are typically claimed to be 64-256 kbit/s (kilo-bits) per second, depending on the plan, although 64 kbit/s is barely-usable and an industry standard slow-usable minimum would be reasonable.
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In 2005, Telstra announced it would invest A$ 210 million in upgrading all of its ADSL exchanges to support ADSL2+ by mid-2006, though they did not say whether they would continue to restrict access speeds. However, in 2006, they announced new intentions to substantially alter their copper phone
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Other ISP plans apply "per gigabyte" excess charges to downloads beyond the monthly download quota. The duopoly on internet access into Australia was broken in 2009 with the coming into service of the PPC-1 cable to Guam. Despite this there has been significant consumer dissatisfaction with the
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In 2010, the Internet was reported as contributing A$ 50 billion (US$ 53 billion) or 3.6 percent of Australia's gross domestic product. The contribution is second after the leading mining sector and is half of the value of the mining sector. The Internet industry directly employed 190,000
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In 2006 the top three ISPs stated that they did not discriminate between peer-to-peer internet activity and normal internet activity. Peer-to-peer activity is counted towards a customer's limit and if the customer exceeds that limit then they will have their account shaped. However,
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relying largely on Australia's existing and largely deprecated Copper networks. This revision aims for 25 Mbit/s to 100 Mbit/s, with consumer reports ranging from 1 Mbit/s to 100 Mbit/s. The Australian government had previously called for proposals to build a
373:
On 2 April 2008, it was announced that the funding agreement for Opel Networks had been cancelled. The minister cited OPEL's failure to meet the terms of the contract, a claim refuted by the OPEL joint venture partners, who nevertheless stated that the project would not proceed.
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would receive a "clean" version of the Internet. The Federal Government's stated aim is to protect children from accessing violent and pornographic websites. This plan was later abandoned and the Australian government continues to only block websites that violate online laws.
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later said the proposal was 'an illusion on cost and on the capacity to truly deliver high-speed broadband to end users'. However, Telstra's proposal, though ultimately unsuccessful, planted the seeds for the National Broadband Network (NBN) initiative launched in 2010.
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is becoming increasingly important in the future of Australian Internet connectivity. Despite several companies having applied for allocations of the new addresses, presently only a small number organisations have provided retail-IPv6 offerings to their end-customers;
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In March 2007, there were approximately 4.33 million broadband subscribers in Australia and 2.09 million narrowband subscribers. Between December 2007 and June 2008 there was an increase in the number of wireless internet subscribers from 433,000 to 809,000.
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3598:– "Whirlpool.net.au is a fully independent, non-commercial, community website, run by a team of unpaid volunteers, which is devoted to keeping the public informed about the state of broadband in Australia." Australian ADSL news, information, and forums.
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to 8 Mbit/s, however with a limited 384 kbit/s upstream speed. This has allowed many Australians access to higher speed broadband, while the comparatively lower wholesale rates discouraged competitive infrastructure investment in most cases.
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cable in 2009 broke this duopoly and caused the cost of data transmission to fall substantially. Since then due to the obsolete technology used in sections of the network there has been significant consumer dissatisfaction with the service.
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the number of dial internet subscribers, and an increase of 28% in the number of non-dial subscribers. Currently, Australia has a theoretical 5637734.4 Mbit/s of transpacific bandwidth, however lit capacity is much less.
132:, using the .oz domain and connected to international networks using other technologies. When Australia was fully integrated into the Internet, this domain was moved under .au to become .oz.au and still exists today.
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In November 2007 the first Naked DSL product was announced by iiNet. Shortly after this other internet providers also started to provide DSL products without telephony service over copper, reducing line rental fees.
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via a 2400 bit/s (bits per second) satellite connection. It was later upgraded to 56 kbit/s (kilobits per second), and then 256 kbit/s, at a time during which the US end-point was moved to San Jose at a
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In June 2020 Prime Minister Scott Morrison revealed that Australian organisations, including governments and businesses, and key infrastructure were being targeted by a sophisticated foreign state-based hacker.
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75:(ISP) appeared in capital cities soon after, and by the mid-1990s, almost the entire country had a range of choices of dial-up ISPs. Today, Internet access is available through a range of technologies, i.e.
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In 1995, the Western Australian Internet Association (WAIA) was formed (now known as the Internet Association of Australia), and in 1997 it launched one of the first peering points in the country with the
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Due to Telstra's extensive use of pair-gain technology for connecting home landlines from 1994 to 2000, some homes have been excluded from ADSL and are limited to a dialup speed of 28.8 kbit/s.
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technology which facilitates ADSL. Smaller ISPs often resell these wholesaled services, but recently there has been substantial infrastructure investment in DSLAM technology by other providers using
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On 31 December 2007, Stephen Conroy announced the federal government's intention to censor "inappropriate material" from the Internet. Under the proposed system any Australian who subscribes to an
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the Howard government's Broadband Advisory Group (BAG) recommended the Federal Government work with other governments and industry stakeholders to form a 'national broadband network'. A subsequent
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network. This was later scrapped, with Telstra citing regulations forcing it to provide cheap wholesale access to its competitors as the reason not to invest in upgrading their network.
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transmission infrastructure. The large distance and small population means that providers interested in serving these areas often must invest large amounts of capital with low returns.
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Wireless broadband in Australia is widespread, with many point-to-point fixed wireless broadband providers serving broadband-poor regional and rural areas, predominantly with
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The major mobile phone networks provide 3G data connectivity using HSDPA over 3GSM. These are also considered a solution for providing broadband in regional areas
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We have said all along, will honour existing contracts. There are a number of performance hurdles the OPEL contracts have to meet. That's all part of the contract.
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program has removed the financial incentive for ISPs to "supply higher bandwidth services in regional, rural and remote areas of Australia at prices comparable".
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2007:
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communications spokesman stated that they would honour the agreement, a stance maintained after winning government two months later, despite their own competing
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used in order to encourage the take up of wireless internet. Prepaid, a concept that has been seen in mobile phones, is being transferred to wireless internet.
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the Broadband Connect policy was announced by the Howard Government with an aim of providing greater access to broadband services in rural and regional areas.
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cables to Asia and the US. Until 2009 data costs across the Pacific were constrained by a Telstra–Telecom duopoly on the available cables. The provision of
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Delivering competitive telecommunications services to regional and rural areas is a major issue, with Telstra often providing the only telecommunications
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services, focusing on the east coast. The first broadband service over HFC was around 1995 using the Motorola proprietary protocols. In around 2000
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on the promise of it being less expensive and with earlier completion. In October 2020, the federal government announced an upgrade by 2023 of NBN
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The most common form of residential broadband is ADSL, which uses existing copper telephone lines. In Australia, the major telephone company,
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https://www.accc.gov.au/system/files/Competition%20and%20price%20changes%20in%20telecommunications%20services%20in%20Australia%202016-17.pdf
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both claim to being the first to offer IPv6 at a retail level. Wholesalers and Educational Networks have also been supplying IPv6 being
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suspended its programs to bring Broadband to the Country and many others providers are having to follow suit as the cancellation of the
236:. As well as significantly reducing costs, it gave the service providers complete control of their own service networks, other than the
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Gradually, larger ISPs began taking over more of the delivery infrastructure themselves by taking advantage of regulated access to the
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of the then recently elected Rudd Government, terminated the agreement because OPEL had 'failed to meet the terms of contract'.
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services which upload such as multiplayer computer games are not counted towards the limit if played through certain servers.
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Telstra, the owner of the national copper network, announced a plan to upgrade its ageing networks, including a rollout of a
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2115:"Optus 50 percent joint venture signs funding agreement with Government for rural and regional Australia broadband network"
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2889:"OECD Broadband Portal; Chart 4g. Average monthly bit/data cap size and price per additional MB, by country, October 2008"
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announced a new policy, accepting the privatization of Telstra in order to fund a world class national broadband network.
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https://www.acma.gov.au/-/media/Research-and-Analysis/Research/pdf/NBN-consumer-experience_households-and-businesses.pdf
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In 1992 there were two commercial ISPs competing with one another. DIALix provided services to Perth, and the other was
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services from 50 exchanges in September 2000. Competition in the residential infrastructure market began in 2003, when
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1980:(Press release). Minister for Communications, Information Technology and the Arts. 21 September 2006. Archived from
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2091:(Press release). Minister for Communications, Information Technology and the Arts. 9 September 2007. Archived from
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3068:"Internode - News and Media - Federal Chop to Rural Subsidies Forces Internode to Halt Regional Broadband Rollout"
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91:. In July 2009, the federal government, in partnership with the industrial sector, began rolling out a nationwide
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recommend the Federal Government replace the 'increasingly obsolete' copper network with a new network based on
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2006:(Press release). Minister for Communications, Information Technology and the Arts. 18 June 2007. Archived from
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was rolled out then in around 2008 the HFC was upgraded to support 30 Mbit/s. In 2000, the first consumer
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2911:"OECD Broadband Portal; Chart 4k. Evolution of a representative broadband subscription over time (2005–2008)"
2195:(Press release). Minister for Broadband, Communications and the Digital Economy. 2 April 2008. Archived from
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In late 2006, Telstra uncapped its retail and wholesale ADSL offerings to the maximum attainable speed of
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3549:"China believed to be behind major cyber attack on Australian governments and businesses – ABC News"
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Environment, Communications, Information Technology and the Arts Senate Committee (August 2004),
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NBN upgrades explained: how will they make internet speeds faster? And will the regions miss out?
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3604:– Broadband Comparison website comparing a range of the leading internet providers in Australia.
2638:, Minister for Communications, Information Technology and the Arts, 18 June 2007, archived from
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1951:. Department of Communications, Information Technology and the Arts. June 2006. Archived from
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35:. The reason given is: Section does not account for NBN Developments in the last 10 years..
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Parts of this article (those related to Current State of Internet in Australia) need to be
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was Australia's first public Internet provider in June 1989. The first commercial dial-up
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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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http://www.misaustralia.com/viewer.aspx?EDP://20080924000030345912§ion=industry
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ome) architectures vary with regard to the distance between the optical fiber and the
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1272:'s Geoff Huston stating that IPv4 addresses will be exhausted prior to October 2010,
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1790:"Internode - News and Media - Internode Covers Coorong with Solar-Powered Broadband"
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240:(phone line from the exchange to the customer). The first competition to Telstra's
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1391:) broadband network providing download speeds up to 100 and upload speeds up to 40
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1730:"Father of Australian Internet Warns of Address Crunch | Internet Hall of Fame"
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107:(FTTN) services to FTTP for 2 million households, at a cost of A$ 3.5 billion.
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Internode Announcement of (Temporary) Suspension of Regional Connect program
3008:"PLEASE READ > Wireless provider list – Wireless ISPs – Whirlpool Forums"
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Ben Grubb, (9 April 2014), Malcolm Turnbull locks in multi-technology NBN,
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124:) was delegated to Robert Elz of the Australian Computing Science Network (
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statistics the non-dial-up services outnumber dial up services 3.6 to 1.
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2971:"Telstra T-Box Digital Set Top Box – Super Fast Broadband For Melbourne"
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http://www.france24.com/en/20110803-internet-windfall-australian-economy
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Telstra's new prepaid wireless broadband – be careful with the top-ups
2845:"8146.0 – Household Use of Information Technology, Australia, 2008–09"
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In 2016, the Government released Australia's Cyber Security Strategy.
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Australia was recognised as part of the Internet when the .au domain (
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3439:"Ten cool facts about NBN's forthcoming Sky Muster satellite service"
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infiltrating an Australian law firm that worked with the government.
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2004:"Australia Connected: Fast affordable broadband for all Australians"
95:(FTTP) and improved fixed wireless and satellite access through the
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Australia Connected: Fast affordable broadband for all Australians
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using TCP/IP over X.25 was established in May 1989. It linked the
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3338:"Conroy announces mandatory internet filters to protect children"
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Department of Communications, Information Technology and the Arts
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Press Release – First competitive DSL network opens for business
5240:
5200:
4522:
3930:
3925:
3845:
3809:
3787:
3770:
1611:
Department of Broadband, Communications and the Digital Economy
1535:
1533:
1294:
1256:
300:
196:
136:
64:
59:
first became available on a permanent basis to universities in
3364:"Government Claims Data Retention Laws Only Target Extremists"
3148:
2030:"Broadband Access and Choice for rural and regional Australia"
5225:
5162:
4470:
4000:
3799:
3743:
3723:
2530:
2503:
2476:
2422:
2219:"Optus responds to Government's termination of OPEL contract"
1563:"Roger Clarke's 'Brief History of the Internet in Australia'"
1232:
1142:
1088:
499:
491:
296:
269:
261:
245:
241:
188:
121:
3595:
3390:"NBN now to reach 93% of population – Communications – News"
1708:"Roger Clarke's 'The Internet in Australia' – 4.2 1975–1984"
1530:
1487:"Roger Clarke's 'The Internet in Australia' – 4.3 1985–1989"
1183:
service due to the obsolete technology used in the network.
5167:
2686:
2581:"Contact Telstra | Call Telstra Contact Number at 13 22 00"
2549:
1273:
277:
200:
153:
2468:
2266:"ZDnet iiNet keeps Raincoat on, ready to expose naked DSL"
1149:) owning the rest, making them well-placed to provide the
1348:
721:
72:
2335:
1946:"Broadband Connect: Request For Expression of Interest"
1093:
896:(a) Data not collected on broadband before 2004–05 (b)
406:
2243:(Press release). Futuris. 2 April 2008. Archived from
310:
1688:. Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers
1141:, owns the majority of landline infrastructure, with
585:
Broadband Services in Australia as of December 2016.
427:(ACCC). Telstra dropped plans for the new network on
272:
increased the maximum to 12 Mbit/s, then 24 Mbit/s.
1996:
1226:
Telecommunications in Australia § International
2719:"Regulator rejects G9 plan for a broadband network"
2339:
The Broadband Advisory Group's Report to Government
2286:"7 Cloud hosting providers for Australian websites"
1651:(1 November 2015), Turnbull's faster, cheaper NBN,
1343:
Internet censorship in Australia § Federal law
377:
1978:"$ 600 million Broadband Connect program launched"
1506:
1504:
440:Broadband Connect Policy and OPEL Networks 2006/07
3289:Apex enables IPv6 across all compatible products.
2599:
2469:LeMay, Renai; Ferguson, Iain (21 December 2005),
2241:"Government Advises Termination of OPEL Contract"
2022:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1438:Australia is classified as Under Surveillance by
1193:Systemic Infrastructure Initiative § Network
530:because of future unknown conditions for access.
299:technologies. Telstra's 2006 introduction of the
99:. Subsequently, the roll out was downgraded to a
5361:
3149:Gerard McManus and Ben Packham (22 March 2007).
2193:"OPEL Networks Funding Agreement not to proceed"
958:Internet access and at use at home by age 06-07
386:
227:
2990:"Wireless broadband a boon for Yorke Peninsula"
1501:
1370:The National Broadband Network was initially a
3485:
3300:IPv6 hits primetime for ADSL and NBN customers
2745:"ACMA - ACMA media release 43/2008 – 28 April"
2716:
2662:OPEL Networks Funding Agreement not to proceed
1474:
1128:
425:Australian Competition and Consumer Commission
4283:
4063:
3623:
2499:Clock ticks on Telstra operational separation
2141:"Conroy discusses Australia's digital future"
2035:. OPEL / Elders. 18 June 2007. Archived from
1355:
1219:
3461:"A separate company for a broadband network"
2626:
2472:Telstra says fibre to the node plans on hold
2400:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2336:Broadband Advisory Group (22 January 2003),
1607:"A separate company for a broadband network"
1582:"Roger Clarke's 'The Internet in Australia'"
5298:Global telecommunications regulation bodies
2120:(Press release). SingTel. 10 September 2007
1300:
307:cover 96–98% of the Australian population.
248:subsidiary XYZed, launching business-grade
5334:
4290:
4276:
4070:
4056:
3630:
3616:
3111:
2769:
2767:
2556:Telstra broadband plan an 'illusion': ACCC
1186:
1089:Current state of the Internet in Australia
910:respondents could answer multiple options
526:, however, it was rejected by the ACCC on
3412:"NBN™ Fibre to the Node explained (FTTN)"
2867:"4102.0 – Australian Social Trends, 2008"
2692:"G9 telcos release Aussie broadband plan"
2366:The Australian telecommunications network
1817:"Telstra confirms ADSL2+ network upgrade"
1629:
1366:History of the National Broadband Network
454:—a 50–50 joint venture between Optus and
2784:
2782:
2418:Telstra to slash tech costs under review
2414:
1092:
4077:
3646:Internet service providers of Australia
3531:"Executive Summary | cybersecurity.dev"
3117:"Building a National Broadband Network"
2764:
2311:"iiNet leaps out and exposes naked DSL"
2165:
1835:"Telstra scraps broadband network plan"
1270:Asia-Pacific Network Information Centre
135:The first permanent circuit connecting
5362:
4297:
3241:"IPv4 Address Report, daily generated"
2968:
2445:Telstra dives as $ 10bn plans unveiled
2441:
2166:Hart, Cath; Foo, Fran (2 April 2008).
2060:
1902:"Hutchison Telecommunications news.com
1421:
907:Purpose of Internet Use at Home 06-07
703:Internet service providers (ISPs): 63
533:
169:Australian Vice-Chancellors' Committee
4271:
4051:
3611:
3201:"Peer to Peer stances the Australian"
3094:Broadband Connect – incentive program
2988:Booth, Meredith (22 September 2008).
2987:
2779:
2717:O'Sullivan, Matt (17 December 2007),
2522:
2495:
2147:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation
2138:
1239:
477:
5344:
3559:
3458:
2607:"New look broadband policy unveiled"
2442:Maiden, Malcolm (16 November 2005),
2221:(Press release). Optus. 2 April 2008
1806:Details on Internode Coorong Network
1576:
1574:
1572:
1304:
537:
407:Telstra Copper Upgrade proposal 2005
403:(FTTN) or alternative technologies.
222:Western Australian Internet Exchange
17:
3486:Staff Reporter (15 February 2017).
3436:
2969:Hunter, Thomas (19 November 2009).
2415:Ferguson, Iain (15 November 2005),
1839:Australian Broadcasting Corporation
311:Delivering broadband to rural areas
214:
85:Integrated Services Digital Network
13:
3492:Australian Business News and Times
3459:Egan, Michael (5 September 2008).
3238:
3220:"Peer 2 Peer stance the Australian
1682:"ccTLD Agreement Signed with auDA"
1120:. The building on the left is the
522:—proposed its own FTTN network on
482:Nine telecommunications companies—
178:
14:
5381:
3589:
3488:"What You Need To Know About NBN"
2944:"Latest Stories From News.Com.Au"
2496:LeMay, Renai (14 December 2005),
1569:
736:Broadband Internet access (a)(b)
462:as the sole successful bidder in
203:services were made available via
5343:
5333:
5324:
5323:
5312:
4933:Free-space optical communication
3639:
3261:IPv6 DFP visibility in Australia
3044:"Retrieved on 25 September 2008.
2063:"Labor whips up broadband anger"
1462:Internet censorship in Australia
1428:Internet censorship in Australia
1403:
1309:
1097:A schematic illustrating how FTT
899:
542:
378:Innovation in broadband delivery
22:
3567:""Significant Cyber Incidents""
3541:
3523:
3505:
3479:
3452:
3430:
3404:
3382:
3356:
3330:
3303:
3292:
3265:
3254:
3232:
3229:Retrieved on 25 September 2008.
3213:
3210:Retrieved on 25 September 2008.
3194:
3181:
3170:
3142:
3105:
3087:
3060:
3047:
3034:
3031:Retrieved on 25 September 2008.
3022:
3000:
2981:
2962:
2936:
2925:
2903:
2881:
2859:
2837:
2825:
2806:
2794:
2776:Retrieved on 25 September 2008.
2737:
2710:
2680:
2653:
2573:
2543:
2516:
2489:
2462:
2435:
2408:
2356:
2329:
2303:
2278:
2259:
2233:
2211:
2185:
2159:
2132:
2107:
2081:
2065:. Australian IT. Archived from
2054:
1970:
1938:
1935:Retrieved on 25 September 2008.
1926:
1923:Retrieved on 25 September 2008.
1914:
1911:Retrieved on 25 September 2008.
1895:
1892:Retrieved on 25 September 2008.
1876:
1873:Retrieved on 25 September 2008.
1864:
1861:Retrieved on 25 September 2008.
1845:
1827:
1809:
1782:
1771:
1768:Retrieved on 25 September 2008.
1752:
1722:
1700:
1674:
1613:. 11 April 2008. Archived from
1457:Telecommunications in Australia
4096:Federated States of Micronesia
4032:Mass surveillance in Australia
2526:Telstra fibre talks break down
2523:LeMay, Renai (7 August 2006),
2313:. Zdnet.com.au. Archived from
2139:Moore, Ali (5 December 2007).
1921:"Zdnet Agile backhaul changes"
1663:
1644:
1599:
1555:
1:
2275:Retrieved on 9 December 2008.
1467:
387:Broadband Advisory Group 2003
327:In June 2006, the Australian
228:Competition, faster broadband
115:
5319:Telecommunication portal
5100:Telecommunications equipment
2061:Marris, Sid (26 June 2007).
1147:Singapore Telecommunications
630:Broadband Services Dec 2016
7:
4836:Alexander Stepanovich Popov
2822:. Retrieved 9 January 2009.
2688:Australian Associated Press
2551:Australian Associated Press
2089:"New OPEL Project Underway"
1541:"Hobbes' Internet Timeline"
1445:
1398:
1129:Residential internet access
1079:
362:Minister for Communications
324:line-broadband (ADSL 2+)".
10:
5386:
4540:Telecommunications history
4022:National Broadband Network
3311:"AARNET - Services - IPv6"
2869:. Abs.gov.au. 23 July 2008
2791:. Retrieved 11 April 2009.
1431:
1425:
1362:National Broadband Network
1359:
1356:National Broadband Network
1340:
1243:
1223:
1220:International connectivity
1190:
1174:Most Australian ISP plans
1161:Hybrid fibre-coaxial cable
1066:
346:National Broadband Network
175:Internet for its members.
110:
97:National Broadband Network
77:hybrid fibre coaxial cable
5307:
5249:
5186:
5148:Public Switched Telephone
5108:
5072:
5029:
4970:
4960:telecommunication circuit
4921:Fiber-optic communication
4904:
4666:Francis Blake (telephone)
4613:
4461:Optical telecommunication
4305:
4187:
4164:
4083:
4037:Privacy in Australian law
4009:
3903:
3838:
3670:
3652:
3225:24 September 2008 at the
3010:. Forums.whirlpool.net.au
2803:. Retrieved 30 June 2017.
2724:The Sydney Morning Herald
2697:The Sydney Morning Herald
2612:The Sydney Morning Herald
2168:"Conroy scraps Opel deal"
1907:17 September 2008 at the
1857:15 September 2008 at the
1852:"example of Bigpond plan"
1660:, Retrieved 10 March 2016
1638:The Sydney Morning Herald
1452:Internet access worldwide
1440:Reporters without Borders
1318:This section needs to be
629:
551:This section needs to be
266:Meningie, South Australia
73:Internet Service Provider
5059:Orbital angular-momentum
4496:Satellite communications
4335:Communications satellite
4242:Northern Mariana Islands
2834:. Retrieved 1 July 2017.
2818:24 December 2008 at the
2290:The Wordpress Blog Guide
1514:. AARNET. Archived from
1301:Internet filtering plans
643:Total Internet services
470:Communications Minister
391:In a report released on
278:Fibre to the Node (FTTN)
234:unconditioned local loop
4938:Molecular communication
4761:Gardiner Greene Hubbard
4590:Undersea telegraph line
4325:Cable protection system
4207:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
4027:Metadata collection Act
3151:"Rudd's broadband plan"
2374:Parliament of Australia
2271:28 October 2008 at the
1641:Retrieved 10 March 2016
1263:
1187:Internet in rural areas
331:(DCITA) under the then
183:In the mid-late 1990s,
145:University of Melbourne
81:digital subscriber line
5080:Communication protocol
4866:Charles Sumner Tainter
4681:Walter Houser Brattain
4626:Edwin Howard Armstrong
4434:Information revolution
3123:Australian Labor Party
2789:"December 8153.0 2008"
2172:The Weekend Australian
1888:2 January 2008 at the
1764:19 August 2006 at the
1734:internethalloffame.org
1442:from 2009 to present.
1164:out in December 2009.
1125:
712:Medium: 10 (June 2008)
615: Wireless (45.5%)
609: Satellite (0.7%)
371:
5370:Internet in Australia
5054:Polarization-division
4786:Narinder Singh Kapany
4751:Erna Schneider Hoover
4671:Jagadish Chandra Bose
4651:Alexander Graham Bell
4382:online video platform
4190:and other territories
4017:Internet in Australia
1155:local loop unbundling
1096:
1071:In October 2008, the
421:competition regulator
350:
276:network and set up a
244:was provided by then
93:fibre-to-the-premises
57:Internet in Australia
4896:Vladimir K. Zworykin
4856:Almon Brown Strowger
4826:Charles Grafton Page
4481:Prepaid mobile phone
4409:Electrical telegraph
3878:Chime Communications
3873:Agile Communications
3657:Economy of Australia
3537:on 28 February 2019.
3206:2 March 2008 at the
2950:on 22 September 2008
2383:on 16 September 2007
939:Voluntary/community
518:, formerly known as
321:Agile Communications
191:rolled-out separate
149:University of Hawaii
101:Multi-Technology Mix
4846:Johann Philipp Reis
4605:Wireless revolution
4567:The Telephone Cases
4424:Hydraulic telegraph
4078:Internet in Oceania
3966:Neighbourhood Cable
3662:Internet censorship
3370:on 29 November 2014
3099:27 May 2007 at the
2317:on 16 November 2007
1958:on 1 September 2007
1883:"Vodafone news.com"
1653:Background Briefing
1518:on 20 December 2010
1434:Internet censorship
1422:Internet censorship
1393:Megabits per second
1380:open-access network
1209:In March 2007, the
638:Number connections
603: Fibre (10.7%)
534:Internet statistics
5044:Frequency-division
5021:Telephone exchange
4891:Charles Wheatstone
4821:Jun-ichi Nishizawa
4796:Innocenzo Manzetti
4731:Reginald Fessenden
4466:Optical telegraphy
4299:Telecommunications
3344:. 31 December 2007
3317:on 10 October 2008
2761:ACMA media release
1246:Network neutrality
1240:Network neutrality
1126:
964:Age group (years)
621: Other (0.1%)
597: Cable (7.9%)
478:G9 Consortium 2007
458:—was announced on
342:federal opposition
89:satellite Internet
5357:
5356:
5095:Store and forward
5090:Data transmission
5004:Network switching
4955:Transmission line
4801:Guglielmo Marconi
4766:Internet pioneers
4631:Mohamed M. Atalla
4600:Whistled language
4265:
4264:
4257:Wallis and Futuna
4165:Associated states
4045:
4044:
3895:Telstra Wholesale
3688:Connexus Internet
3573:on 26 August 2024
3519:on 21 March 2019.
3437:Francis, Hannah.
3279:on 3 January 2012
3115:(21 March 2007).
2690:(20 April 2007),
2145:Lateline Business
2042:on 30 August 2007
1933:"Zdnet Internode"
1871:"Znet Optus story
1796:on 6 January 2007
1710:. Rogerclarke.com
1489:. Rogerclarke.com
1385:Fibre to the Node
1372:fibre to the home
1339:
1338:
1145:(a subsidiary of
1062:
1061:
954:
953:
915:Personal/private
894:
893:
698:
697:
591: DSL (35.1%)
572:
571:
496:Macquarie Telecom
417:fibre to the node
401:fibre to the node
366:Lateline Business
209:Telstra Wholesale
105:fibre-to-the-node
63:in May 1989, via
52:
51:
5377:
5347:
5346:
5337:
5336:
5327:
5326:
5317:
5316:
5315:
5188:Notable networks
5178:Wireless network
5118:Cellular network
5110:Types of network
5085:Computer network
4972:Network topology
4886:Thomas A. Watson
4741:Oliver Heaviside
4726:Philo Farnsworth
4701:Daniel Davis Jr.
4676:Charles Bourseul
4636:John Logie Baird
4345:Data compression
4340:Computer network
4292:
4285:
4278:
4269:
4268:
4247:Pitcairn Islands
4217:French Polynesia
4202:Christmas Island
4131:Papua New Guinea
4111:Marshall Islands
4084:Sovereign states
4072:
4065:
4058:
4049:
4048:
4001:Virgin Broadband
3991:Pegasus Networks
3986:Pacific Internet
3856:Nextgen Networks
3810:Lebara Australia
3737:Nextgen Networks
3678:Aussie Broadband
3644:
3643:
3642:
3632:
3625:
3618:
3609:
3608:
3583:
3582:
3580:
3578:
3569:. Archived from
3563:
3557:
3556:
3545:
3539:
3538:
3533:. Archived from
3527:
3521:
3520:
3515:. Archived from
3509:
3503:
3502:
3500:
3498:
3483:
3477:
3476:
3474:
3472:
3456:
3450:
3449:
3447:
3445:
3434:
3428:
3427:
3425:
3423:
3408:
3402:
3401:
3399:
3397:
3386:
3380:
3379:
3377:
3375:
3366:. Archived from
3360:
3354:
3353:
3351:
3349:
3334:
3328:
3326:
3324:
3322:
3313:. Archived from
3307:
3301:
3296:
3290:
3288:
3286:
3284:
3275:. Archived from
3269:
3263:
3258:
3252:
3251:
3249:
3247:
3236:
3230:
3217:
3211:
3198:
3192:
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3179:
3174:
3168:
3167:
3165:
3163:
3146:
3140:
3139:
3137:
3135:
3130:on 28 March 2007
3126:. Archived from
3121:Press Releases,
3109:
3103:
3091:
3085:
3083:
3081:
3079:
3070:. Archived from
3064:
3058:
3051:
3045:
3038:
3032:
3026:
3020:
3019:
3017:
3015:
3004:
2998:
2997:
2985:
2979:
2978:
2966:
2960:
2959:
2957:
2955:
2946:. Archived from
2940:
2934:
2929:
2923:
2922:
2920:
2918:
2907:
2901:
2900:
2898:
2896:
2885:
2879:
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2876:
2874:
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2857:
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2854:
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2810:
2804:
2798:
2792:
2786:
2777:
2771:
2762:
2760:
2758:
2756:
2751:on 1 August 2008
2747:. Archived from
2741:
2735:
2734:
2733:
2731:
2714:
2708:
2707:
2706:
2704:
2684:
2678:
2677:
2676:
2674:
2657:
2651:
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2649:
2647:
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2624:
2623:
2622:
2620:
2603:
2597:
2596:
2594:
2592:
2577:
2571:
2570:
2569:
2567:
2553:(15 June 2011),
2547:
2541:
2540:
2539:
2537:
2520:
2514:
2513:
2512:
2510:
2493:
2487:
2486:
2485:
2483:
2466:
2460:
2459:
2458:
2456:
2439:
2433:
2432:
2431:
2429:
2412:
2406:
2405:
2399:
2391:
2390:
2388:
2382:
2376:, archived from
2371:
2360:
2354:
2353:
2352:
2350:
2344:
2333:
2327:
2326:
2324:
2322:
2307:
2301:
2300:
2298:
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2263:
2257:
2256:
2254:
2252:
2237:
2231:
2230:
2228:
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2208:
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2189:
2183:
2182:
2180:
2178:
2163:
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2129:
2127:
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2119:
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2102:
2100:
2085:
2079:
2078:
2076:
2074:
2058:
2052:
2051:
2049:
2047:
2041:
2034:
2026:
2020:
2019:
2017:
2015:
2000:
1994:
1993:
1991:
1989:
1974:
1968:
1967:
1965:
1963:
1957:
1950:
1942:
1936:
1930:
1924:
1918:
1912:
1899:
1893:
1880:
1874:
1868:
1862:
1849:
1843:
1842:
1841:. 7 August 2006.
1831:
1825:
1824:
1823:. 10 March 2005.
1813:
1807:
1805:
1803:
1801:
1792:. Archived from
1786:
1780:
1775:
1769:
1759:"iinet archives"
1756:
1750:
1749:
1747:
1745:
1740:on 21 March 2020
1736:. Archived from
1726:
1720:
1719:
1717:
1715:
1704:
1698:
1697:
1695:
1693:
1678:
1672:
1667:
1661:
1648:
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1624:
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1597:
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967:Internet access
961:
960:
923:Education/study
904:
903:
733:Internet access
727:
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627:
626:
620:
614:
608:
602:
596:
590:
567:
564:
558:
546:
545:
538:
529:
528:17 December 2007
525:
469:
461:
447:
430:
414:
413:15 November 2005
397:Senate committee
394:
369:
338:federal election
270:ADSL2 and ADSL2+
215:Internet Peering
211:–based service.
161:Pegasus Networks
69:Pegasus Networks
47:
44:
38:
26:
25:
18:
5385:
5384:
5380:
5379:
5378:
5376:
5375:
5374:
5360:
5359:
5358:
5353:
5313:
5311:
5303:
5245:
5182:
5104:
5068:
5025:
4974:
4966:
4907:
4900:
4806:Robert Metcalfe
4661:Tim Berners-Lee
4609:
4429:Information Age
4301:
4296:
4266:
4261:
4189:
4183:
4166:
4160:
4141:Solomon Islands
4079:
4076:
4046:
4041:
4005:
3899:
3834:
3666:
3648:
3640:
3638:
3636:
3602:Internet Choice
3592:
3587:
3586:
3576:
3574:
3565:
3564:
3560:
3555:. 18 June 2020.
3547:
3546:
3542:
3529:
3528:
3524:
3511:
3510:
3506:
3496:
3494:
3484:
3480:
3470:
3468:
3457:
3453:
3443:
3441:
3435:
3431:
3421:
3419:
3410:
3409:
3405:
3395:
3393:
3388:
3387:
3383:
3373:
3371:
3362:
3361:
3357:
3347:
3345:
3336:
3335:
3331:
3320:
3318:
3309:
3308:
3304:
3297:
3293:
3282:
3280:
3271:
3270:
3266:
3259:
3255:
3245:
3243:
3239:Huston, Geoff.
3237:
3233:
3227:Wayback Machine
3218:
3214:
3208:Wayback Machine
3199:
3195:
3186:
3182:
3175:
3171:
3161:
3159:
3147:
3143:
3133:
3131:
3110:
3106:
3101:Wayback Machine
3092:
3088:
3077:
3075:
3066:
3065:
3061:
3052:
3048:
3039:
3035:
3027:
3023:
3013:
3011:
3006:
3005:
3001:
2986:
2982:
2967:
2963:
2953:
2951:
2942:
2941:
2937:
2930:
2926:
2916:
2914:
2909:
2908:
2904:
2894:
2892:
2887:
2886:
2882:
2872:
2870:
2865:
2864:
2860:
2850:
2848:
2843:
2842:
2838:
2830:
2826:
2820:Wayback Machine
2811:
2807:
2799:
2795:
2787:
2780:
2772:
2765:
2754:
2752:
2743:
2742:
2738:
2729:
2727:
2715:
2711:
2702:
2700:
2685:
2681:
2672:
2670:
2669:on 4 April 2008
2659:
2658:
2654:
2645:
2643:
2632:
2631:
2627:
2618:
2616:
2605:
2604:
2600:
2590:
2588:
2585:selectra.com.au
2579:
2578:
2574:
2565:
2563:
2548:
2544:
2535:
2533:
2521:
2517:
2508:
2506:
2494:
2490:
2481:
2479:
2467:
2463:
2454:
2452:
2440:
2436:
2427:
2425:
2413:
2409:
2393:
2392:
2386:
2384:
2380:
2369:
2361:
2357:
2348:
2346:
2342:
2334:
2330:
2320:
2318:
2309:
2308:
2304:
2294:
2292:
2284:
2283:
2279:
2273:Wayback Machine
2264:
2260:
2250:
2248:
2239:
2238:
2234:
2224:
2222:
2217:
2216:
2212:
2202:
2200:
2199:on 4 April 2008
2191:
2190:
2186:
2176:
2174:
2164:
2160:
2150:
2148:
2137:
2133:
2123:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2112:
2108:
2098:
2096:
2087:
2086:
2082:
2072:
2070:
2069:on 28 June 2007
2059:
2055:
2045:
2043:
2039:
2032:
2028:
2027:
2023:
2013:
2011:
2010:on 23 July 2008
2002:
2001:
1997:
1987:
1985:
1984:on 13 June 2009
1976:
1975:
1971:
1961:
1959:
1955:
1948:
1944:
1943:
1939:
1931:
1927:
1919:
1915:
1909:Wayback Machine
1900:
1896:
1890:Wayback Machine
1881:
1877:
1869:
1865:
1859:Wayback Machine
1850:
1846:
1833:
1832:
1828:
1815:
1814:
1810:
1799:
1797:
1788:
1787:
1783:
1776:
1772:
1766:Wayback Machine
1757:
1753:
1743:
1741:
1728:
1727:
1723:
1713:
1711:
1706:
1705:
1701:
1691:
1689:
1680:
1679:
1675:
1668:
1664:
1649:
1645:
1634:
1630:
1620:
1618:
1617:on 16 July 2011
1605:
1604:
1600:
1590:
1588:
1586:rogerclarke.com
1580:
1579:
1570:
1561:
1560:
1556:
1546:
1544:
1539:
1538:
1531:
1521:
1519:
1510:
1509:
1502:
1492:
1490:
1485:
1484:
1475:
1470:
1448:
1436:
1430:
1424:
1408:
1401:
1368:
1360:Main articles:
1358:
1345:
1335:
1329:
1326:
1323:
1314:
1310:
1303:
1266:
1248:
1242:
1228:
1222:
1195:
1189:
1131:
1091:
1082:
1069:
902:
646:13.461 million
635:Broadband type
625:
624:
623:
622:
618:
616:
612:
610:
606:
604:
600:
598:
594:
592:
588:
568:
562:
559:
556:
547:
543:
536:
527:
523:
480:
467:
459:
445:
442:
428:
412:
409:
393:22 January 2003
392:
389:
380:
370:
356:
313:
293:Motorola Canopy
264:in the town of
230:
217:
205:Telstra Bigpond
181:
179:First broadband
118:
113:
48:
42:
39:
36:
27:
23:
12:
11:
5:
5383:
5373:
5372:
5355:
5354:
5352:
5351:
5341:
5331:
5321:
5308:
5305:
5304:
5302:
5301:
5294:
5289:
5284:
5279:
5274:
5273:
5272:
5267:
5259:
5253:
5251:
5247:
5246:
5244:
5243:
5238:
5233:
5228:
5223:
5218:
5213:
5208:
5203:
5198:
5192:
5190:
5184:
5183:
5181:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5114:
5112:
5106:
5105:
5103:
5102:
5097:
5092:
5087:
5082:
5076:
5074:
5070:
5069:
5067:
5066:
5061:
5056:
5051:
5046:
5041:
5039:Space-division
5035:
5033:
5027:
5026:
5024:
5023:
5018:
5017:
5016:
5011:
5001:
5000:
4999:
4989:
4984:
4978:
4976:
4968:
4967:
4965:
4964:
4963:
4962:
4952:
4951:
4950:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4929:
4928:
4918:
4912:
4910:
4902:
4901:
4899:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4876:Camille Tissot
4873:
4868:
4863:
4858:
4853:
4851:Claude Shannon
4848:
4843:
4841:Tivadar Puskás
4838:
4833:
4828:
4823:
4818:
4813:
4811:Antonio Meucci
4808:
4803:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4781:Charles K. Kao
4778:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4756:Harold Hopkins
4753:
4748:
4743:
4738:
4733:
4728:
4723:
4718:
4713:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4656:Emile Berliner
4653:
4648:
4643:
4638:
4633:
4628:
4623:
4617:
4615:
4611:
4610:
4608:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4595:Videotelephony
4592:
4587:
4586:
4585:
4580:
4570:
4563:
4558:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4531:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4510:
4509:
4508:
4498:
4493:
4491:Radiotelephone
4488:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4457:
4456:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4395:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4377:Internet video
4369:
4368:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4311:
4309:
4303:
4302:
4295:
4294:
4287:
4280:
4272:
4263:
4262:
4260:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4237:Norfolk Island
4234:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4197:American Samoa
4193:
4191:
4185:
4184:
4182:
4181:
4176:
4170:
4168:
4167:of New Zealand
4162:
4161:
4159:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4087:
4085:
4081:
4080:
4075:
4074:
4067:
4060:
4052:
4043:
4042:
4040:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4013:
4011:
4010:Related topics
4007:
4006:
4004:
4003:
3998:
3996:People Telecom
3993:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3946:Connect.com.au
3943:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3907:
3905:
3901:
3900:
3898:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3886:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3860:
3859:
3858:
3848:
3842:
3840:
3836:
3835:
3833:
3832:
3829:
3827:Uniti Wireless
3824:
3823:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3792:
3791:
3790:
3785:
3775:
3774:
3773:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3752:
3751:
3741:
3740:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3703:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3683:Clear Networks
3680:
3674:
3672:
3668:
3667:
3665:
3664:
3659:
3653:
3650:
3649:
3635:
3634:
3627:
3620:
3612:
3606:
3605:
3599:
3591:
3590:External links
3588:
3585:
3584:
3558:
3540:
3522:
3504:
3478:
3451:
3429:
3403:
3392:. Zdnet.com.au
3381:
3355:
3329:
3302:
3291:
3264:
3253:
3231:
3212:
3193:
3180:
3169:
3141:
3104:
3086:
3074:on 18 May 2007
3059:
3046:
3033:
3021:
2999:
2994:The Advertiser
2980:
2961:
2935:
2924:
2902:
2880:
2858:
2836:
2824:
2805:
2793:
2778:
2763:
2736:
2709:
2679:
2652:
2642:on 1 June 2011
2625:
2598:
2587:. 5 March 2024
2572:
2542:
2515:
2488:
2461:
2434:
2407:
2355:
2328:
2302:
2277:
2258:
2247:on 20 May 2011
2232:
2210:
2184:
2158:
2131:
2106:
2095:on 8 June 2009
2080:
2053:
2021:
1995:
1969:
1937:
1925:
1913:
1894:
1875:
1863:
1844:
1826:
1821:Whirlpool News
1808:
1781:
1770:
1751:
1721:
1699:
1673:
1662:
1658:Radio National
1643:
1628:
1598:
1568:
1554:
1529:
1500:
1472:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1465:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1447:
1444:
1426:Main article:
1423:
1420:
1407:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1357:
1354:
1341:Main article:
1337:
1336:
1317:
1315:
1308:
1302:
1299:
1265:
1262:
1241:
1238:
1221:
1218:
1188:
1185:
1130:
1127:
1122:central office
1090:
1087:
1081:
1078:
1068:
1065:
1060:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1049:
1048:
1045:
1042:
1038:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1027:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1016:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1005:
1004:
1001:
998:
994:
993:
990:
987:
983:
982:
979:
976:
972:
971:
968:
965:
952:
951:
948:
944:
943:
940:
936:
935:
932:
931:Work/business
928:
927:
924:
920:
919:
916:
912:
911:
908:
901:
898:
892:
891:
888:
885:
881:
880:
877:
874:
870:
869:
866:
863:
859:
858:
855:
852:
848:
847:
844:
841:
837:
836:
833:
830:
826:
825:
822:
819:
815:
814:
811:
808:
804:
803:
800:
797:
793:
792:
789:
786:
782:
781:
778:
775:
771:
770:
767:
764:
760:
759:
756:
753:
749:
748:
745:
742:
738:
737:
734:
731:
725:
724:
715:
714:
713:
710:
707:
706:Very large: 10
696:
695:
692:
688:
687:
686:6.109 million
684:
680:
679:
676:
672:
671:
670:1.431 million
668:
664:
663:
662:1.048 million
660:
656:
655:
654:4.716 million
652:
648:
647:
644:
640:
639:
636:
632:
631:
617:
611:
605:
599:
593:
587:
583:
582:
581:
570:
569:
550:
548:
541:
535:
532:
479:
476:
472:Stephen Conroy
466:. However, on
441:
438:
408:
405:
388:
385:
379:
376:
358:Stephen Conroy
354:
312:
309:
229:
226:
216:
213:
193:cable Internet
180:
177:
117:
114:
112:
109:
50:
49:
30:
28:
21:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5382:
5371:
5368:
5367:
5365:
5350:
5342:
5340:
5332:
5330:
5322:
5320:
5310:
5309:
5306:
5299:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5263:
5262:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5254:
5252:
5248:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5193:
5191:
5189:
5185:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5115:
5113:
5111:
5107:
5101:
5098:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5078:
5077:
5075:
5071:
5065:
5064:Code-division
5062:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5049:Time-division
5047:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5036:
5034:
5032:
5028:
5022:
5019:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5007:
5006:
5005:
5002:
4998:
4995:
4994:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4979:
4977:
4975:and switching
4973:
4969:
4961:
4958:
4957:
4956:
4953:
4949:
4946:
4945:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4927:
4926:optical fiber
4924:
4923:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4916:Coaxial cable
4914:
4913:
4911:
4909:
4903:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4831:Radia Perlman
4829:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4819:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4721:Lee de Forest
4719:
4717:
4716:Thomas Edison
4714:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4706:Donald Davies
4704:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4691:Claude Chappe
4689:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4618:
4616:
4612:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4575:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4568:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4535:Smoke signals
4533:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4515:
4514:
4513:Semiconductor
4511:
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4372:Digital media
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4232:New Caledonia
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4212:Easter Island
4210:
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4008:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
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3982:
3979:
3977:
3976:OPEL Networks
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
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3917:
3914:
3912:
3911:Adam Internet
3909:
3908:
3906:
3902:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3884:
3883:PIPE Networks
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3865:
3864:
3861:
3857:
3854:
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3735:
3733:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3719:Dodo Services
3717:
3715:
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3707:
3704:
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3700:
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3455:
3440:
3433:
3417:
3413:
3407:
3391:
3385:
3369:
3365:
3359:
3343:
3340:. Australia:
3339:
3333:
3316:
3312:
3306:
3299:
3295:
3278:
3274:
3268:
3262:
3257:
3242:
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3098:
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2984:
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2890:
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2797:
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2699:
2698:
2693:
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2683:
2668:
2664:
2663:
2656:
2641:
2637:
2636:
2629:
2615:, 15 May 2006
2614:
2613:
2608:
2602:
2586:
2582:
2576:
2562:
2559:, Melbourne:
2558:
2557:
2552:
2546:
2532:
2528:
2527:
2519:
2505:
2501:
2500:
2492:
2478:
2474:
2473:
2465:
2451:
2448:, Melbourne:
2447:
2446:
2438:
2424:
2420:
2419:
2411:
2403:
2397:
2379:
2375:
2368:
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2306:
2291:
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2262:
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2220:
2214:
2198:
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2188:
2173:
2169:
2162:
2146:
2142:
2135:
2116:
2110:
2094:
2090:
2084:
2068:
2064:
2057:
2038:
2031:
2025:
2009:
2005:
1999:
1983:
1979:
1973:
1954:
1947:
1941:
1934:
1929:
1922:
1917:
1910:
1906:
1903:
1898:
1891:
1887:
1884:
1879:
1872:
1867:
1860:
1856:
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1709:
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1687:
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1587:
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1577:
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1573:
1564:
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1517:
1513:
1507:
1505:
1488:
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1455:
1453:
1450:
1449:
1443:
1441:
1435:
1429:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1406:
1405:Cyber attacks
1396:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1367:
1363:
1353:
1350:
1344:
1333:
1321:
1316:
1307:
1306:
1298:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1287:PIPE Networks
1284:
1280:
1275:
1271:
1261:
1258:
1254:
1247:
1237:
1234:
1227:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1207:
1205:
1201:
1194:
1184:
1180:
1177:
1176:traffic shape
1172:
1169:
1165:
1162:
1158:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1135:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1100:
1095:
1086:
1085:Australians.
1077:
1074:
1064:
1057:
1054:
1051:
1050:
1046:
1043:
1040:
1039:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1028:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1017:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1002:
999:
996:
995:
991:
988:
985:
984:
980:
977:
974:
973:
970:Internet use
969:
966:
963:
962:
959:
956:
949:
946:
945:
941:
938:
937:
933:
930:
929:
925:
922:
921:
917:
914:
913:
909:
906:
905:
900:Social trends
897:
889:
886:
883:
882:
878:
875:
872:
871:
867:
864:
861:
860:
856:
853:
850:
849:
845:
842:
839:
838:
834:
831:
828:
827:
823:
820:
817:
816:
812:
809:
806:
805:
801:
798:
795:
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790:
787:
784:
783:
779:
776:
773:
772:
768:
765:
762:
761:
757:
754:
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750:
746:
743:
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739:
735:
732:
729:
728:
723:
719:
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711:
708:
705:
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702:
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693:
690:
689:
685:
682:
681:
677:
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669:
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665:
661:
658:
657:
653:
650:
649:
645:
642:
641:
637:
634:
633:
628:
586:
580:
576:
566:
554:
549:
540:
539:
531:
524:20 April 2007
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
475:
473:
465:
457:
453:
452:OPEL Networks
449:
437:
434:
433:Graeme Samuel
429:7 August 2006
426:
422:
418:
404:
402:
398:
384:
375:
367:
363:
359:
353:
349:
347:
343:
339:
334:
330:
325:
322:
318:
308:
305:
302:
298:
294:
289:
286:
281:
279:
273:
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267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
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243:
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225:
223:
212:
210:
206:
202:
198:
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186:
176:
172:
170:
166:
162:
157:
155:
150:
146:
142:
138:
133:
131:
127:
123:
108:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
46:
34:
29:
20:
19:
16:
5031:Multiplexing
4906:Transmission
4871:Nikola Tesla
4861:Henry Sutton
4816:Samuel Morse
4746:Robert Hooke
4711:Amos Dolbear
4646:John Bardeen
4565:
4545:Telautograph
4449:Mobile phone
4404:Edholm's law
4387:social media
4320:Broadcasting
4188:Dependencies
4174:Cook Islands
4090:
4016:
3575:. Retrieved
3571:the original
3561:
3552:
3543:
3535:the original
3525:
3517:the original
3507:
3495:. Retrieved
3491:
3481:
3469:. Retrieved
3464:
3454:
3442:. Retrieved
3432:
3420:. Retrieved
3415:
3406:
3394:. Retrieved
3384:
3372:. Retrieved
3368:the original
3358:
3346:. Retrieved
3332:
3321:29 September
3319:. Retrieved
3315:the original
3305:
3294:
3281:. Retrieved
3277:the original
3267:
3256:
3244:. Retrieved
3234:
3215:
3196:
3183:
3172:
3160:. Retrieved
3154:
3144:
3132:. Retrieved
3128:the original
3120:
3107:
3089:
3076:. Retrieved
3072:the original
3062:
3049:
3036:
3024:
3012:. Retrieved
3002:
2993:
2983:
2977:. Melbourne.
2974:
2964:
2952:. Retrieved
2948:the original
2938:
2927:
2915:. Retrieved
2905:
2893:. Retrieved
2883:
2871:. Retrieved
2861:
2849:. Retrieved
2847:. Abs.gov.au
2839:
2832:"8146.0 ABS"
2827:
2813:"8146.0 ABS"
2808:
2801:"8153.0 ABS"
2796:
2774:"ABS 8153.0"
2753:. Retrieved
2749:the original
2739:
2728:, retrieved
2722:
2712:
2701:, retrieved
2695:
2682:
2671:, retrieved
2667:the original
2661:
2655:
2644:, retrieved
2640:the original
2634:
2628:
2617:, retrieved
2610:
2601:
2589:. Retrieved
2584:
2575:
2564:, retrieved
2555:
2545:
2534:, retrieved
2525:
2518:
2507:, retrieved
2498:
2491:
2480:, retrieved
2471:
2464:
2453:, retrieved
2444:
2437:
2426:, retrieved
2417:
2410:
2385:, retrieved
2378:the original
2365:
2358:
2347:, retrieved
2338:
2331:
2319:. Retrieved
2315:the original
2305:
2293:. Retrieved
2289:
2280:
2261:
2249:. Retrieved
2245:the original
2235:
2223:. Retrieved
2213:
2201:. Retrieved
2197:the original
2187:
2175:. Retrieved
2171:
2161:
2149:. Retrieved
2144:
2134:
2122:. Retrieved
2109:
2097:. Retrieved
2093:the original
2083:
2071:. Retrieved
2067:the original
2056:
2044:. Retrieved
2037:the original
2024:
2012:. Retrieved
2008:the original
1998:
1986:. Retrieved
1982:the original
1972:
1960:. Retrieved
1953:the original
1940:
1928:
1916:
1897:
1878:
1866:
1847:
1829:
1811:
1798:. Retrieved
1794:the original
1784:
1773:
1754:
1742:. Retrieved
1738:the original
1733:
1724:
1712:. Retrieved
1702:
1690:. Retrieved
1685:
1676:
1665:
1652:
1646:
1637:
1631:
1619:. Retrieved
1615:the original
1610:
1601:
1589:. Retrieved
1585:
1557:
1545:. Retrieved
1520:. Retrieved
1516:the original
1491:. Retrieved
1437:
1416:
1412:
1409:
1369:
1346:
1327:
1319:
1279:Apex Telecom
1267:
1249:
1229:
1215:
1208:
1203:
1196:
1181:
1173:
1170:
1166:
1159:
1136:
1132:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1098:
1083:
1070:
1063:
957:
955:
895:
718:Country code
699:
584:
577:
573:
560:
552:
481:
468:2 April 2008
460:18 June 2007
450:
443:
410:
390:
381:
372:
368:, 2007-12-05
351:
326:
314:
290:
282:
274:
260:installed a
231:
218:
182:
173:
158:
134:
119:
100:
56:
55:
53:
40:
32:
15:
5231:NPL network
4943:Radio waves
4881:Alfred Vail
4791:Hedy Lamarr
4776:Dawon Kahng
4736:Elisha Gray
4696:Yogen Dalal
4621:Nasir Ahmed
4555:Teleprinter
4419:Heliographs
4121:New Zealand
3863:TPG Telecom
3795:TPG Telecom
3471:7 September
3467:. Melbourne
3396:13 December
3374:20 November
3014:13 December
2917:23 November
2895:23 November
2873:13 December
2851:13 December
2755:7 September
2321:13 December
1714:13 December
1547:13 December
1543:. Zakon.org
1522:13 December
1493:13 December
1330:August 2015
256:-based ISP
238:copper pair
87:(ISDN) and
43:August 2022
5277:Antarctica
5236:Toasternet
5158:Television
4641:Paul Baran
4573:Television
4557:(teletype)
4550:Telegraphy
4528:transistor
4506:Phryctoria
4476:Photophone
4454:Smartphone
4444:Mass media
3961:MyRepublic
3890:Origin Net
3756:Origin Net
3283:17 October
3156:Herald Sun
3113:Kevin Rudd
1621:5 December
1468:References
1432:See also:
1244:See also:
1224:See also:
1191:See also:
884:2014-2015
675:Satellite
563:March 2017
348:proposal.
224:service.
156:facility.
116:Early days
5261:Americas
5250:Locations
5221:Internet2
4982:Bandwidth
4686:Vint Cerf
4583:streaming
4561:Telephone
4501:Semaphore
4392:streaming
4091:Australia
3951:Grapevine
3839:Wholesale
3805:Internode
3766:Superloop
3714:ClubTelco
3709:Commander
3693:Dreamtilt
3596:Whirlpool
3577:29 August
1512:"History"
1283:Internode
1268:With the
1200:Internode
1112:uilding,
709:Large: 19
683:Wireless
488:Internode
446:June 2006
333:coalition
258:Internode
165:Byron Bay
147:with the
61:Australia
5364:Category
5329:Category
5216:Internet
5206:CYCLADES
5123:Ethernet
5073:Concepts
4997:terminal
4948:wireless
4771:Bob Kahn
4614:Pioneers
4439:Internet
4330:Cable TV
4106:Kiribati
3971:Netspace
3956:M2 Group
3831:ZettaNet
3815:Vodafone
3553:ABC News
3497:27 March
3418:. NBN co
3342:ABC News
3223:Archived
3204:Archived
3162:24 April
3134:24 April
3097:Archived
2816:Archived
2536:30 April
2482:30 April
2455:30 April
2428:30 April
2396:citation
2295:21 March
2269:Archived
2177:5 August
1905:Archived
1886:Archived
1855:Archived
1762:Archived
1591:21 March
1446:See also
1399:Security
1118:end user
1080:Economic
873:2012-13
862:2010–11
851:2009–10
840:2007–08
829:2006–07
818:2005–06
807:2004–05
516:TransACT
504:PowerTel
355:—
317:backhaul
254:Adelaide
5349:Commons
5339:Outline
5292:Oceania
5211:FidoNet
5196:ARPANET
5009:circuit
4578:digital
4307:History
4252:Tokelau
4156:Vanuatu
3981:OzEmail
3941:Chariot
3936:Bigpond
3820:Westnet
3778:Telstra
3761:SkyMesh
3749:Amaysim
3732:iPrimus
3671:Current
3465:The Age
3348:3 March
2975:The Age
2954:26 July
2730:19 June
2703:19 June
2673:17 June
2646:17 June
2619:17 June
2591:12 July
2566:23 July
2561:The Age
2509:19 June
2450:The Age
2387:17 June
2349:17 June
2251:2 April
2225:2 April
2203:2 April
2151:2 April
2124:2 April
2099:2 April
2073:14 July
2046:14 July
2014:14 July
1988:14 July
1962:14 July
1744:3 April
1320:updated
1253:Unwired
1204:Connect
1139:Telstra
1067:Pricing
678:76,000
553:updated
185:Telstra
141:ARPANet
111:History
83:(DSL),
33:updated
5287:Europe
5257:Africa
5241:Usenet
5201:BITNET
5138:Mobile
5014:packet
4523:MOSFET
4518:device
4315:Beacon
4227:Hawaii
4151:Tuvalu
3931:BigAir
3926:AusBBS
3904:Former
3788:Pacnet
3783:Belong
3771:Exetel
3444:6 July
3422:6 July
3416:NBN co
3246:8 June
3078:21 May
2913:. OECD
2891:. OECD
1800:21 May
1692:24 May
1656:, ABC
1295:AARNet
1257:iBurst
1058:60.9%
1055:69.5%
1052:Total
1047:10.5%
1044:21.8%
1036:28.1%
1033:42.2%
1030:65–74
1025:51.7%
1022:64.7%
1019:55–64
1014:66.5%
1011:78.5%
1008:45–54
1003:72.6%
1000:80.2%
997:35–44
992:71.8%
989:75.8%
986:25–34
981:76.5%
978:79.7%
975:15–24
947:Other
691:Other
667:Fibre
659:Cable
619:
613:
607:
601:
595:
589:
508:Primus
464:tender
456:Elders
423:, the
301:Next G
242:DSLAMs
197:DOCSIS
137:AARNet
130:ACSNet
126:ACSNet
65:AARNet
5270:South
5265:North
5226:JANET
5163:Telex
5153:Radio
4992:Nodes
4987:Links
4908:media
4486:Radio
4471:Pager
4399:Drums
4365:video
4360:image
4350:audio
4146:Tonga
4136:Samoa
4126:Palau
4116:Nauru
3916:Amcom
3851:Vocus
3800:iiNet
3744:Optus
3728:Engin
3724:Eftel
3705:Amnet
3702:aaNet
3698:Vocus
3177:SETEL
2531:ZDNet
2504:ZDNet
2477:ZDNet
2423:ZDNet
2381:(PDF)
2370:(PDF)
2343:(PDF)
2118:(PDF)
2040:(PDF)
2033:(PDF)
1956:(PDF)
1949:(PDF)
1686:ICANN
1291:Vocus
1233:PPC-1
1151:DSLAM
1143:Optus
1108:urb,
1104:ode,
802:n.a.
796:2003
791:n.a.
785:2002
780:n.a.
774:2001
769:n.a.
763:2000
758:n.a.
752:1999
747:n.a.
741:1998
730:Year
694:1000
500:Optus
492:iiNet
297:WiMAX
262:DSLAM
246:Optus
189:Optus
122:ccTLD
5282:Asia
5168:UUCP
5128:ISDN
4222:Guam
4179:Niue
4101:Fiji
3921:AOL7
3868:AAPT
3579:2024
3499:2017
3473:2008
3446:2016
3424:2016
3398:2010
3376:2014
3350:2008
3327:IPv6
3323:2008
3285:2011
3248:2008
3164:2007
3136:2007
3080:2007
3016:2010
2956:2008
2919:2009
2897:2009
2875:2010
2853:2010
2757:2008
2732:2011
2705:2011
2675:2011
2648:2011
2621:2011
2593:2024
2568:2011
2538:2011
2511:2011
2484:2011
2457:2011
2430:2011
2402:link
2389:2011
2351:2011
2323:2010
2297:2017
2253:2008
2227:2008
2205:2008
2179:2017
2153:2008
2126:2008
2101:2008
2075:2007
2048:2007
2016:2007
1990:2007
1964:2007
1802:2007
1746:2020
1716:2010
1694:2015
1623:2008
1593:2017
1549:2010
1524:2010
1495:2010
1389:FTTN
1376:FTTH
1364:and
1293:and
1281:and
1274:IPv6
1264:IPv6
1255:and
1073:OECD
1041:75+
950:11%
942:12%
934:52%
926:53%
918:98%
890:N/A
887:86%
879:77%
876:83%
868:73%
865:79%
857:62%
854:72%
846:52%
843:67%
835:43%
832:64%
824:28%
821:60%
813:16%
810:56%
799:53%
788:46%
777:42%
766:32%
755:22%
744:16%
651:DSL
514:and
512:Soul
484:AAPT
304:HSPA
295:and
285:ADSL
250:xDSL
201:ADSL
187:and
154:NASA
5173:WAN
5143:NGN
5133:LAN
4414:Fax
4355:DCT
3846:nbn
1349:ISP
1211:ALP
722:.au
444:In
411:On
163:in
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1992:.
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