Invasion of Poland

4839: 4787: 4102: 4941: 4145:, about 40 km (25 mi) north-west of Pułtusk, and was pivoting on Płońsk. At one stage, the Poles were driven from Pułtusk, and the Germans threatened to turn the Polish flank and thrust on to the Vistula and Warsaw. Pułtusk, however, was regained in the face of withering German fire. Many German tanks were captured after a German attack had pierced the line, but the Polish defenders outflanked them. By 8 September, one of Reichenau's armoured corps, having advanced 225 km (140 mi) during the first week of the campaign, reached the outskirts of Warsaw. Light divisions on Reichenau's right were on the Vistula between Warsaw and the town of 4570:

brothels. Nazi raids in many Polish cities captured young women and girls, who were then forced to work in the brothels frequented by German officers and soldiers. Girls as young as 15 years old, who were classified as "fit for agricultural work in Germany", were sexually exploited by German soldiers at their destination. On the Soviet side, similar events took place. The issue, with Russian soldiers raping even the women of their supposed allies, was raised with Stalin, who did not realize that it was not understood that "a soldier, who has crossed thousands of kilometers through blood and fire and death, has fun with a woman or takes some trifle".

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following the Polish campaign, Adolf Hitler presented these German figures: 10,576 KIA, 30,222 WIA, and 3,400 MIA. According to early Allied estimates, including those of the Polish government-in-exile, the number of German KIA casualties was 90,000 and WIA casualties was 200,000 Equipment losses are given as 832 German tanks with approximately 236 to 341 as irrecoverable losses and approximately 319 other armored vehicles as irrecoverable losses (including 165 Panzerspähwagen – of them 101 as irrecoverable losses) 522–561 German planes (including 246–285 destroyed and 276 damaged), 1 German minelayer (M-85) and 1 German torpedo ship ("Tiger")

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making road transportation for Polish troops very difficult. The propaganda also had some negative consequences for the Polish troops themselves, whose communications, disrupted by German mobile units operating in the rear and civilians blocking roads, were further thrown into chaos by bizarre reports from Polish radio stations and newspapers, which often reported imaginary victories and other military operations. That led to some Polish troops being encircled or taking a stand against overwhelming odds when they thought they were actually counterattacking or would soon receive reinforcements from other victorious areas.

5011: 3245:. When the ambassador requested a copy of the proposals for transmission to the Polish government, Ribbentrop refused, on the grounds that the requested Polish representative had failed to arrive by midnight. When Polish Ambassador Lipski went to see Ribbentrop later on 31 August to indicate that Poland was favorably disposed to negotiations, he announced that he did not have the full power to sign, and Ribbentrop dismissed him. It was then broadcast that Poland had rejected Germany's offer, and negotiations with Poland came to an end. Hitler issued orders for the invasion to commence soon afterwards. 3716: 4732: 240: 710: 682: 378: 366: 354: 342: 330: 316: 302: 226: 740: 390: 938: 925: 913: 901: 889: 877: 865: 853: 841: 651: 639: 627: 615: 603: 591: 578: 563: 549: 270: 3557: 3908: 3460: 4287: 4855:

suspected friend. The difference is actually not as great as it might seem. The Russians mobilized a very large force and showed that they were able to move quickly and far from their pre-war positions. They now border on Germany, and the latter is completely unable to expose the Eastern front. A large German army will have to be left behind to monitor it. As far as I know, General Hamelin estimates its strength at least 20 divisions, but there may well be 25 or even more. Therefore, the Eastern front potentially exists.

5106: 4383:. The Soviet invasion was one of the decisive factors that convinced the Polish government that the war in Poland was lost. Before the Soviet attack from the east, the Polish military's plan had called for long-term defence against Germany in south-eastern Poland and to await relief from an attack by the Western Allies on Germany's western border. However, the Polish government refused to surrender or to negotiate peace with Germany. Instead, it ordered all units to evacuate Poland and to reorganize in France. 12785: 4029: 3987: 12905: 3299:. On 31 August, Hitler ordered hostilities against Poland to start at 4:45 the next morning. However, partly because of the earlier stoppage, Poland finally managed to mobilize only about 70% of its planned forces (only about 900,000 of 1,350,000 soldiers planned to mobilize in first order), and because of that many units were still forming or moving to their designated frontline positions. The late mobilization reduced combat capability of the Polish Army by about 1/3. 3216: 12914: 4173: 4387: 12926: 3625: 60: 4450:

perfidious—well, the English ought to know. I believe England thinks this co-operation perfidious because the co-operation of democratic England with bolshevist Russia failed, while National Socialist Germany's attempt with Soviet Russia succeeded. Poland never will rise again in the form of the Versailles treaty. That is guaranteed not only by Germany, but also guaranteed by Russia. – Adolf Hitler, 19 September 1939

4410:, the second-largest battle of the campaign. Lwów capitulated on 22 September because of the Soviet intervention; the city had been attacked by the Germans over a week earlier, and in the middle of the siege, the German troops handed operations over to their Soviet allies. Despite a series of intensifying German attacks, Warsaw, defended by quickly-reorganized retreating units, civilian volunteers and 3963:

material superiority of the enemy and, also assumed the defensive character of Polish operations. The Polish intentions were defending the western regions that were judged as indispensable for waging the war, taking advantage of the propitious conditions for counterattacks by reserve units and avoiding it from being smashed before the beginning of Franco-British operations in Western Europe. The

3616:; the sale of 150 Spitfires asked by the Polish government was rejected by the Air Ministry). Despite the fact that some of the airplanes had been shipped to Poland (the first transport of purchased aircraft on the ship "Lassel" sailed from Liverpool on 28 August), none of them would take part in combat. In late 1938, the Polish Air Force also ordered 300 advanced 3060:, running through the Polish Corridor. Poland rejected this proposal, fearing that after accepting these demands, it would become increasingly subject to the will of Germany and eventually lose its independence as the Czechs had. Polish leaders also distrusted Hitler. The British were also wary of Germany's increasing strength and assertiveness threatening its 3777:, would have had the armour punching holes in the enemy's front and ranging deep into rear areas, but the campaign in Poland would be fought along more traditional lines. That stemmed from conservatism on the part of the German High Command, which mainly restricted the role of armour and mechanized forces to supporting the conventional infantry divisions. 3169:, Germany neutralized the possibility of Soviet opposition to a campaign against Poland and war became imminent. In fact, the Soviets agreed not to aid France or the UK in the event of their going to war with Germany over Poland and, in a secret protocol of the pact, the Germans and the Soviets agreed to divide Eastern Europe, including Poland, into two 4768:

system ... We can manoeuvre, pit one side against the other to set them fighting with each other as fiercely as possible ... The annihilation of Poland would mean one fewer bourgeois fascist state to contend with! What would be the harm if as a result of the rout of Poland we were to extend the socialist system onto new territories and populations?

4228:, retreating from the border area of the Polish Corridor, attacked the flank of the advancing German 8th Army, but the counterattack failed despite initial success. After the defeat, Poland lost its ability to take the initiative and counterattack on a large scale. The German air power was instrumental during the battle. The offensive of the 3784:, with long frontiers totalling almost 5,600 km (3,500 mi). Poland's long border with Germany on the west and north, facing East Prussia, extended 2,000 km (1,200 mi). It had been lengthened by another 300 km (190 mi) on the southern side in the aftermath of the 1938 Munich Agreement. The German incorporation of 4815:

United Kingdom and France, but the culmination of combined European and Pacific conflicts would result in what was truly a "world war". Thus, what was not seen by most politicians and generals in 1939 is clear from the historical perspective: The Polish September Campaign marked the beginning of a pan-European war, which combined with the

2491:. The Poles feared that their independence would eventually be threatened altogether; historically Hitler had already denounced the right of Poland to independence in 1930, writing that Poles and Czechs were a "rabble not worth a penny more than the inhabitants of Sudan or India. How can they demand the rights of independent states?" 3228:

that they were willing to commence negotiations, but indicated that a Polish representative with the power to sign an agreement had to arrive in Berlin the next day while in the meantime it would draw up a set of proposals. The British Cabinet was pleased that negotiations had been agreed to but, mindful of how

3475:, when compared with countries such as United Kingdom or Germany, was a relatively indigent and mostly agricultural country. The partitioning powers did not invest in the development of industry, especially in the armaments industry in ethnically Polish areas. Moreover, Poland had to deal with damage caused by 3013:) since Hitler proclaimed that Poland had attacked Germany and that "Germans in Poland are persecuted with a bloody terror and are driven from their homes. The series of border violations, which are unbearable to a great power, prove that the Poles no longer are willing to respect the German frontier." 4860:

Russia is pursuing a cold policy of its own interests. We would prefer that the Russian armies stand in their present positions as friends and allies of Poland, rather than as invaders. But to protect Russia from the Nazi threat, it was clearly necessary that Russian armies should stand on this line.

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had begun. Later that day, the Germans attacked Poland's western, southern and northern borders, and German aircraft began raids on Polish cities. The main axis of attack led eastwards from Germany through the western Polish border. Supporting attacks came from East Prussia, in the north, and a joint

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Rivers, despite some Polish generals supporting the idea to be a better strategy. The West Plan allowed the Polish armies to retreat inside the country, but that was supposed to be a slow retreat behind prepared positions intended to give the armed forces time to complete its mobilization and execute

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With minor exceptions German national unification has been achieved. Further successes cannot be achieved without bloodshed. Poland will always be on the side of our adversaries... Danzig is not the objective. It is a matter of expanding our living space in the east, of making our food supply secure,

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by issuing an ultimatum to that effect on 30 September 1938, which was accepted by Czechoslovakia on 1 October. This region had a Polish majority and had been disputed between Czechoslovakia and Poland in the aftermath of World War I. The Polish annexation of Slovak territory (several villages in the

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Various sources contradict each other so the figures quoted above should only be taken as a rough indication of the strength estimate. The most common range differences and their brackets are: Polish personnel 1,490,900 (official figure of the Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs)—or 1,800,000. Polish

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None of the parties to the conflict—Germany, the Western Allies or the Soviet Union—expected that the German invasion of Poland would lead to a war that would surpass World War I in its scale and cost. It would be months before Hitler would see the futility of his peace negotiation attempts with the

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As the prospect of conflict increased, the British government pressed Marshal Edward Śmigły-Rydz to evacuate the most modern elements of the Polish Navy from the Baltic Sea. In the event of war, the Polish military leaders realized that the ships that remained in the Baltic were likely to be quickly

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The British and the French estimated that Poland would be able to defend itself for two to three months, and Poland estimated it could do so for at least six months. While Poland drafted its estimates based upon the expectation that the Western Allies would honor their treaty obligations and quickly

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yet to be rescheduled. That evening, the German government responded in a communication that it aimed not only for the restoration of Danzig but also the Polish Corridor (which had not previously been part of Hitler's demands) in addition to the safeguarding of the German minority in Poland. It said

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was signed as an annex to the Franco-Polish alliance. In this accord, Britain committed itself to the defence of Poland, guaranteeing to preserve Polish independence. At the same time, the British and the Poles were hinting to Berlin that they were willing to resume discussions—not at all how Hitler

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and solving the problem of the Baltic states. To provide sufficient food you must have sparsely settled areas. There is therefore no question of sparing Poland, and the decision remains to attack Poland at the first opportunity. We cannot expect a repetition of Czechoslovakia. There will be fighting.

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Another question concerns whether Poland inflicted any significant losses on the German forces and whether it surrendered too quickly. While exact estimates vary, Poland cost the Germans about 45,000 casualties and 11,000 damaged or destroyed military vehicles, including 993 tanks and armored cars,

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had been tasked to cover the retreat of Polish infantry. In the evening the Pomeranian Uhlans encountered contingents of the advancing German 20th Infantry Division of Heinz Guderian's XIX Army. Commander Kazimierz Mastalerz ordered an attack, forcing the 20th infantry to withdraw and disperse. The

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A war is on between two groups of capitalist countries ... for the redivision of the world, for the domination of the world! We see nothing wrong in their having a good hard fight and weakening each other ... Hitler, without understanding it or desiring it, is shaking and undermining the capitalist

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The Molotov–Ribbentrop pact and the invasion of Poland marked the beginning of a period during which the government of the Soviet Union increasingly tried to convince itself that the actions of Germany were reasonable, and were not developments to be worried about, despite evidence to the contrary.

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on 6 September. From there, it moved on 9 September to Kremenez and, on 13 September to Zaleshiki, on the Romanian border. Rydz-Śmigły ordered the Polish forces to retreat in the same direction, behind the Vistula and San Rivers, beginning the preparations for the defence of the Romanian Bridgehead

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The invasion of Poland led Britain and France to declare war on Germany on 3 September. However, they did little to affect the outcome of the September Campaign. No declaration of war was issued by Britain and France against the Soviet Union. This lack of direct help led many Poles to believe that

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light bombers, but due to a delay in starting mass production, none of them were delivered before 1 September. When in the spring of 1939 it turned out that there were problems with the implementation of the new PZL.50 Jastrząb fighter, it was decided to temporarily implement the production of the

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An average Polish infantry division consisted of 16,492 soldiers and was equipped with 326 light and medium machine guns, 132 heavy machine guns, 92 anti-tank rifles and several dozen light, medium, heavy, anti-tank and anti-airplane field artillery. Contrary to the 1,009 cars and trucks and 4,842

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Polish to German forces in the September Campaign: 1,000,000 soldiers, 4,300 guns, 880 tanks, 435 aircraft (Poland) to 1,800,000 soldiers, 10,000 guns, 2,800 tanks, 3,000 aircraft (Germany). French and participating Allies to German forces in the Battle of France: 2,862,000 soldiers, 13,974 guns,

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Soviet official losses – figures provided by Krivosheev – are currently estimated at 1,475 KIA or MIA presumed dead (Ukrainian Front – 972, Belorussian Front – 503), and 2,383 WIA (Ukrainian Front – 1,741, Belorussian Front – 642). The Soviets lost approximately 150 tanks in combat of which 43 as

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Since October 1939, the Polish army that could escape imprisonment from the Soviets or Nazis were mainly heading for British and French territories. These places were considered safe, because of the pre-war alliance between Great-Britain, France and Poland. Not only did the government escape, but

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emphasized that any German invasion would be easily repelled. That made Polish defeats during the German invasion come as a shock to the civilian population. Lacking training for such a disaster, the civilian population panicked and retreated east, spreading chaos, lowering the troops' morale and

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from East Prussia and the west. Another third was concentrated in the north-central part of the country, between the major cities of Łódź and Warsaw. The forward positioning of Polish forces vastly increased the difficulty of carrying out strategic maneuvres, compounded by inadequate mobility, as

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due to inferiority in numbers and the obsolescence of its fighter planes. However, contrary to German propaganda, it was not destroyed on the ground—in fact it was successfully dispersed before the conflict started and not a single one of its combat planes was destroyed on the ground in the first

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was a perfectly reasonable military demand. It was rejected by Poland, whose arguments, despite their naturalness, cannot be considered satisfactory in the light of current events. As a result, Russia took up the same positions as an enemy of Poland that it might have taken as a very dubious and

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announced the mobilization of Polish troops. However, he was pressured into revoking the order by the French, who apparently still hoped for a diplomatic settlement, failing to realize that the Germans were fully mobilized and concentrated at the Polish border. During the night of 31 August, the

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of 1935. Talks over Danzig and the Corridor broke down, and months passed without diplomatic interaction between Germany and Poland. During this interim period, the Germans learned that France and Britain had failed to secure an alliance with the Soviet Union against Germany, and that the Soviet

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engagement proved to be successful as the German advance had been delayed. However, upon redeployment, the 18th Pomeranians came under sudden and intense machine gun fire of German armored reconnaissance vehicles. Despite their quick retreat, nearly a third of the Uhlans were killed or wounded.

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residential areas, civilians soon became indistinguishable from combatants, and the forthcoming German occupation (both on the annexed territories and in the General Government) was one of the most brutal episodes of World War II, resulting in between 5.47 million and 5.67 million Polish deaths

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Germany attacked from three directions on land. Günther von Kluge led 20 divisions that entered the Polish Corridor and met a second force heading to Warsaw from East Prussia. Gerd von Rundstedt's 35 divisions attacked southern Poland. By 3 September, when von Kluge in the north had reached the

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The Polish General Staff had not begun elaborating the "West" defence plan until 4 March 1939. It was assumed that the Polish Army, fighting in the initial phase of the war alone, would have to defend the western regions of the country. The plan of operations took into account the numerical and

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as light bombers. However, for the September Campaign, not all of those aircraft were mobilized. By 1 September, out of about 120 heavy bombers PZL.37s produced, only 36 PZL.37s were deployed, the rest being mostly in training units. All those aircraft were of indigenous Polish design, with the

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forces would be made available to Britain's empire in the future. The negotiations convinced Hitler that there was little chance the Western Allies would declare war on Germany, and even if they did, because of the lack of "territorial guarantees" to Poland, they would be willing to negotiate a

2354:" according to the secret protocol of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact; this rendered the Polish plan of defence obsolete. Facing a second front, the Polish government concluded the defence of the Romanian Bridgehead was no longer feasible and ordered an emergency evacuation of all troops to neutral 5537:

The discrepancy in German casualties can be attributed to the fact that some German statistics still listed soldiers as missing decades after the war. Today the most common and accepted numbers are: 8,082 to 16,343 KIA, 320 to 5,029 MIA, 27,280 to 34,136 WIA. For comparison, in his 1939 speech

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would then move in and repulse the German spearhead, trapping it. For that to happen, Armia Prusy needed to be fully mobilized by 3 September. However, Polish military planners failed to foresee the speed of the German advance and assumed that Armia Prusy would need to be fully mobilized by 16

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increased the pace of the advance which overran Polish airstrips and early warning sites, causing logistical problems for the Poles. Many Polish Air Force units ran low on supplies, and 98 of their number withdrew into neutral Romania. The Polish initial strength of 400 was reduced to 54 by 14

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air force expansion plan, which relied on a strong bomber force. The Polish Air Force consisted of a 'Bomber Brigade', 'Pursuit Brigade' and aircraft assigned to the various ground armies. The Polish fighters were older than their German counterparts; the PZL P.11 fighter—produced in the early

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Various sources contradict each other so the figures quoted above should only be taken as a rough indication of losses. The most common range brackets for casualties are: Poland: 63,000 to 66,300 KIA, 134,000 WIA. The often cited figure of 420,000 Polish prisoners of war represents only those

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A particular fate was reserved for the Polish girls and women who had survived the first bombing raids on Poland. Polish women and girls were raped en masse and then executed. In addition, large numbers of Polish women were routinely captured to force them into prostitution in German military

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Throughout the Polish Campaign, the employment of the mechanized units revealed the idea that they were intended solely to ease the advance and to support the activities of the infantry.... Thus, any strategic exploitation of the armoured idea was still-born. The paralysis of command and the

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If a single image dominates the popular perception of the Polish campaign of 1939, it is the scene of Polish cavalry bravely charging the Panzers with their lances. Like many other details of the campaign, it is a myth that was created by German wartime propaganda and perpetuated by sloppy

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Meantime, Russia felt moved, on its part, to march in for the protection of the interests of the White Russian and Ukrainian people in Poland. We realize now that in England and France this German and Russian co-operation is considered a terrible crime. An Englishman even wrote that it is

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or 1914. According to Cooper, the use of tanks "left much to be desired... Fear of enemy action against the flanks of the advance, fear which was to prove so disastrous to German prospects in the west in 1940 and in the Soviet Union in 1941, was present from the beginning of the war."

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From the beginning, the German government repeatedly asked Molotov whether the Soviet Union would keep to its side of the partition bargain. The Soviet forces were holding fast along their designated invasion points pending finalization of the five-month-long undeclared war with

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that had already encircled Warsaw. All of the German armies made progress in fulfilling their parts of the plan. The Polish armies split up into uncoordinated fragments, some of which were retreating while others were launching disjointed attacks on the nearest German columns.

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and auxiliary aircraft were destroyed on the ground. The Polish Air Force, despite being significantly outnumbered and with its fighters outmatched by more advanced German fighters, remained active until the second week of the campaign, inflicting significant damage on the

4012:, there was little chance of an evacuation plan succeeding if it were implemented after hostilities began. Four days after the signing of the Polish-British Common Defence Pact, three destroyers of the Polish Navy executed the Peking Plan and so evacuated to Great Britain. 3971:

start an offensive of their own, the French and the British expected the war to develop into trench warfare, much like World War I. The Polish government was not notified of the strategy and based all of its defence plans on promises of quick relief by the Western Allies.

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as civil heads, respectively. Thus the entirety of occupied Poland was divided into four military districts (West Prussia, Posen, Lodz, and Krakau). Frank was at the same time appointed "supreme chief administrator" for all occupied territories. On 28 September, another

4081:, and most German forces, including 85% of armoured forces, were engaged in Poland. Despite some Polish successes in minor border battles, the German technical, operational and numerical superiority forced the Polish armies to retreat from the borders towards Warsaw and 4759:(mountain infantry regiment) attacked a reconnaissance detachment of the Soviet 24th Tank Brigade; after a few casualties on both sides, the parties turned to negotiations. The German troops left the area, and the Red Army troops entered Lwów on 22 September. 7432:Śledztwo w sprawie zabójstwa w dniu 22 września 1939 r. w okolicach miejscowości Sopoćkinie generała brygady Wojska Polskiego Józefa Olszyny-Wilczyńskiego i jego adiutanta kapitana Mieczysława Strzemskiego przez żołnierzy b. Związku Radzieckiego. (S 6/02/Zk) 4169:, a recently discovered methamphetamine, which enabled the constant movement of the troops, who no longer felt the need to sleep for several days. The drug would later also be used, this time officially distributed, in the invasions of France and the USSR. 4590:

Altogether, the civilian losses of Polish population amounted to about 150,000 to 200,000. Roughly 1,250 German civilians were also killed during the invasion. (Also, 2,000 died fighting Polish troops as members of ethnic German militia forces such as the

4989:. He made one film about German crimes against civilians during the invasion. In colour, he photographed Polish soldiers, fleeing civilians, bombed houses, and a German bomber He 111 destroyed by the Polish Army in Warsaw. His photographs and film 3483:. Preparations for a defensive war with Germany were ongoing for many years, but most plans assumed fighting would not begin before 1942. To raise funds for industrial development, Poland sold much of the modern equipment it produced. In 1936, a 4188:

and Polish Upper Silesia in the first week. The Polish plan for border defence was a dismal failure. The German advance, as a whole, was not slowed. On 10 September, the Polish commander-in-chief, Marshal Edward Rydz-Śmigły, ordered a general

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The invasion of Poland marked the beginning of the Holocaust ("holocaust by bullets"), not only in its strict sense of the genocide of Jews, but also in its broader meaning of mass killings of various ethnic, political or social groups.

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modified the arrangements of August: all of Lithuania was shifted to the Soviet sphere of influence; in exchange, the dividing line in Poland was moved in Germany's favour, eastwards towards the Bug River. On 8 October, Germany formally

5158:(BPC Publishing 1966), attribute German victory to "enormous development in military technique which occurred between 1918 and 1940", and cite that "Germany, who translated (British inter-war) theories into action... called the result 4326:

By 17 September, the Polish defence had already been broken and the only hope was to retreat and reorganize along the Romanian Bridgehead. However, the plans were rendered obsolete nearly overnight when the over 800,000-strong Soviet

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also the national gold supply was evacuated via Romania and brought to the West, notably London and Ottawa. The approximately 75 tonnes (83 short tons) of gold was considered sufficient to field an army for the duration of the war.

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P-11c (+43 reserve), 30 P-7 (+85 reserve), 118 P-23 Karaś light bombers, 36 P-37 Łoś bombers (armed in line, additionally a few of the total number produced were used in combat), 84 reconnaissance RXIII Lublin, RWD14 Czapla (+115

3090:, still hoped to strike a deal with Hitler regarding Danzig (and possibly the Polish Corridor). Chamberlain and his supporters believed war could be avoided and hoped Germany would agree to leave the rest of Poland alone. German 6204:"Ergebnisse der Volks- und Berufszählung Vom 1. November 1923 in der Freien Stadt Danzig mit einem Anhang: Die Ergebnisse der Volkszählung vom 31. August 1924". Verlag des Statistischen Landesamtes der freien Stadt Danzig. 1926. 8406:, pp. 326–325 – lists 236 tanks as totally destroyed and 457 damaged, of which 180 were repaired and the remainder scrapped, giving 180 + 277 = 513 tanks destroyed or scrapped following damage, and 319 armoured cars lost. 4892:, in concentration camps, and in numerous ad hoc massacres, where civilians were rounded up, taken to a nearby forest, machine-gunned, and then buried, whether they were dead or not. Among the 100,000 people murdered in the 4810:

and Lithuania, with the majority eventually making their way to France or Britain. Most of the Polish Navy succeeded in evacuating to Britain as well. German personnel losses were less than their enemies (c. 16,000 killed).

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had approved the pact. One of the aims of the invasion was to divide Polish territory at the end of the operation; Poland was to cease to exist as a country and all Poles ("inferior people") were to be exterminated. The

4053:, in the Free City of Danzig, on the Baltic Sea. However, in many places, German units crossed the Polish border even before that time. Around then, the Luftwaffe attacked a number of military and civilian targets, 3232:

had been forced to sign his country away under similar circumstances just months earlier, regarded the requirement for an immediate arrival of a Polish representative with full signing powers as an unacceptable

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Hitler demanded that Poland be conquered in six weeks, but German planners thought that it would require three months. They intended to exploit their long border fully with the great enveloping manoeuver of

3747:, and pursued a doctrine of mass encirclement and destruction of enemy forces. The infantry, far from completely mechanized but fitted with fast-moving artillery and logistic support, was to be supported by 3124:

In May, in a statement to his generals while they were in the midst of planning the invasion of Poland, Hitler made it clear that the invasion would not come without resistance as it had in Czechoslovakia:

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if it agreed to wage war against the Soviet Union, but the concessions the Poles were expected to make meant that their homeland would become largely dependent on Germany, functioning as little more than a

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captured by the Germans, as Soviets captured about 250,000 Polish POWs themselves, making the total number of Polish POWs about 660,000–690,000. In terms of equipment the Polish Navy lost one destroyer (

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attacks have "tended to underestimate the punishing effect of German artillery on Polish units. Mobile and available in significant quantity, artillery shattered as many units as any other branch of the

6008: 4130:. On 7 September, the defenders of Warsaw had fallen back to a 48 km (30 mi) line paralleling the Vistula River, where they rallied against German tank thrusts. The defensive line ran between 8662: 4193:

to the south-east, towards the Romanian Bridgehead. Meanwhile, the Germans were tightening their encirclement of the Polish forces west of the Vistula (in the Łódź area and, still farther west, around

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was not destroyed on the ground in the first days of the war. Though numerically inferior, it had been redeployed from major air bases to small camouflaged airfields shortly before the war. Only some

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scholarship. Yet such myths have also been embraced by the Poles themselves as symbols of their wartime gallantry, achieving a cultural resonance in spite of their variance with the historical record.

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they had captured), the Red Army reached the line of rivers Narew, Bug, Vistula and San by 28 September, in many cases meeting German units advancing from the other direction. Polish defenders on the

2261: 4751:) approached, the commanders agreed that the German troops would withdraw and the Soviet troops would enter the city, saluting each other. At Brest-Litovsk, Soviet and German commanders held a joint 5125:. Furthermore, the Polish Army was preparing the Romanian Bridgehead, which would have prolonged Polish defence, but the plan was invalidated by the Soviet invasion of Poland on 17 September 1939. 7441: 9342: 7345:: he German Ambassador in the Soviet Union (Schulenburg) to the German Foreign Office. Moscow, 16 September 1939. Source: The Avalon Project at Yale Law School. Last. Retrieved 14 November 2006 4763:

On 7 September 1939, just a few days after France and Britain joined the war against Germany, Stalin explained to a colleague that the war was to the advantage of the Soviet Union, as follows:

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operations in 1939–1940, approximately 61,000 were members of the Polish intelligentsia: scholars, clergy, former officers, and others, whom the Germans identified as political targets in the

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ordered his forces into Poland on 17 September. It was agreed that the Soviets would relinquish its interest in the territories between the new border and Warsaw in exchange for inclusion of

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A ridiculous hundred million Slavs : concerning Adolf Hitler's world-view, Tadeusz Manteuffel Institute of History Polish Academy of Sciences, Jerzy Wojciech Borejsza p. 49, Warsaw 2017

4966:, a journalist and war correspondent, is a first-hand account of the battles that led to the falls of Poland, the Low Countries, and France. It includes a rare eyewitness description of the 3510:'s mobility played a decisive role. Poland acknowledged the benefits of mobility but was unable to invest heavily in many of the expensive, unproven inventions since then. In spite of this, 6197: 4846:

The different attitude of the Anglo-French allies of Poland towards Nazi Germany and the USSR was argued at this time, for example, by the future head of the British government, Churchill:

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wrote in December 1939 that "the German campaign was a masterpiece. Nothing quite like it has been seen in military history". The country was divided between Germany and the Soviet Union.

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irrecoverable losses, while hundreds more suffered technical failures. However, Russian historian Igor Bunich estimates Soviet manpower losses at 5,327 KIA or MIA without a trace and WIA.

5171:... German ground and air forces, and were only incidental by-products of the traditional manoeuvers of rapid encirclement and of the supporting activities of the flying artillery of the 3117:

Union was interested in an alliance with Germany against Poland. Hitler had already issued orders to prepare for a possible "solution of the Polish problem by military means" through the

4850:

Russians were guilty of gross treachery during the recent negotiations, but Marshal Voroshilov's demand that the Russian armies, if they were allies of Poland, should occupy Vilnius and

4714: 4204:

The Polish defensive plan called for a strategy of encirclement. It would allow the Germans to advance in between two Polish Army groups in the line between Berlin and Warsaw-Lodz, and

4665:, were established in conquered Greater Poland and Pomerelia, respectively. Based on laws of 21 May 1935 and 1 June 1938, the German military delegated civil administrative powers to 3600:

The Polish Air Force's decisions to strengthen its resources came too late, mostly due to budget limitations. As a "last minute" order in the summer of 1939, Poland bought 160 French

3974:

Polish forces were stretched thinly along the Polish-German border and lacked compact defence lines and good defence positions along disadvantageous terrain. That strategy also left

7861: 3923:. Polish policy centred on their protection, especially since many politicians feared that if Poland retreated from the regions disputed by Germany, Britain and France would sign a 3429:), and an assortment of 550 transport and 350 reconnaissance aircraft. In total, Germany had close to 4,000 aircraft, most of them modern. A force of 2,315 aircraft was assigned to 8020: 3927:

treaty with Germany like the 1938 Munich Agreement and allow Germany to stay in those regions. The fact that none of Poland's allies had specifically guaranteed Polish borders or

4755:

before German forces withdrew westward behind a new demarcation line. Just three days earlier, however, the parties had a more hostile encounter near Lwów, when the German 137th

4739:

Even though water barriers separated most of the spheres of interest, the Soviet and German troops met on numerous occasions. The most remarkable event of this kind occurred at

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days of the conflict. In the era of fast progress in aviation the Polish Air Force lacked modern fighters, vastly due to the cancellation of many advanced projects, such as the

1702: 1301: 12964: 2362:, German and Soviet forces gained full control over Poland. The success of the invasion marked the end of the Second Polish Republic, though Poland never formally surrendered. 13874: 8138: 3931:

was another Polish concern. These reasons made the Polish government disregard French advice to deploy the bulk of its forces behind natural barriers, such as the Vistula and

1541: 3356:. It held that these divisions should act in coordination with other elements of the military, punching holes in the enemy line and isolating selected units, which would be 7685:

Niemiecka dywersja w Polsce w 1939 r. w świetle dokumentów policyjnych i wojskowych II Rzeczypospolitej oraz służb specjalnych III Rzeszy. Część 1 (marzec–sierpień 1939 r.)

4880:(about one-sixth of the country's total population, and over 90% of its Jewish minority)—including the mass murder of 3 million Polish citizens (mainly Jews as part of the 2446:

had long sought to annex territories belonging to Poland, it was Hitler's own idea and not a realization of any pre-1933 Weimar plans to invade and partition Poland, annex

4363:, had about 25 battalions. Rydz-Śmigły ordered them to fall back and not to engage the Soviets. That, however, did not prevent some clashes and small battles, such as the 4244:

ran out of ammunition and retreated to the forests but were then smoked out by the Heinkel He 111 and Dornier Do 17s dropping 100 kg (220 lb) incendiaries. The

3597:

1930s—had a top speed of only 365 km/h (227 mph), far less than German bombers. To compensate, the pilots relied on its maneuverability and high diving speed.

11356: 6101:"Non-Germans" under the Third Reich: the Nazi judicial and administrative system in Germany and occupied Eastern Europe with special regard to occupied Poland, 1939–1945 4795: 4197:) and penetrating deeply into eastern Poland. Warsaw, which had undergone heavy aerial bombardment since the first hours of the war, was attacked on 9 September and was 3491:

had approximately a million soldiers, but not all were mobilized by 1 September. Latecomers sustained significant casualties when public transport became targets of the

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However, there was one exception: on the night of 25–26 August, a German sabotage group which had not heard anything about a delay of the invasion made an attack on the

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Non-Germans under the Third Reich: The Nazi Judicial and Administrative System in Germany and Occupied Eastern Europe, with Special Regard to Occupied Poland, 1939–1945

4970:. In August 1939, Leixner joined the Wehrmacht as a war reporter, was promoted to sergeant and, in 1941, published his recollections. The book was originally issued by 3915:

The Polish determination to deploy forces directly at the German-Polish border, prompted by the Polish-British Common Defence Pact, shaped the country's defence plan, "

10702: 4643: 3075:, believing that Polish independence and territorial integrity would be defended with their support if it were to be threatened by Germany. On the other hand, British 197: 4502:

was one of the factors behind the German brutality directed at civilians that had worked relentlessly to convince the Germans into believing that Jews and Slavs were

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Wojciech Materski and Tomasz Szarota. Polska 1939–1945. Straty osobowe i ofiary represji pod dwiema okupacjami.Institute of National Remembrance(IPN) Warszawa 2009

2518:. Many Germans also wanted the urban port city of Danzig and its environs (comprising the Free City of Danzig) to be reincorporated into Germany. Danzig city had a 5044:

A group of German and Italian war correspondents, who visited the battlefield noticed the dead cavalry men and horses among the armored vehicles. Italian reporter

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Meanwhile, Polish forces tried to move towards the Romanian Bridgehead area, still actively resisting the German invasion. From 17 to 20 September, Polish armies

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Corps—commanded by General Heinz Guderian—had occupied the city, which lay within the Soviet sphere of interest. When the Soviet 29th Tank Brigade (commanded by

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on 13 September. Around then, advanced German forces also reached Lwów, a major city in eastern Poland, and 1,150 German aircraft bombed Warsaw on 24 September.

3196:. On the morning of 26 August, this group was repelled by Polish troops. The German side described all this as an incident "caused by an insane individual" (see 4798:), with 420,000 others being captured by the Germans and 240,000 more by the Soviets (for a total of 660,000 prisoners). Up to 120,000 Polish troops escaped to 3495:. The Polish military had fewer armored forces than the Germans, and these units, dispersed within the infantry, were unable to effectively engage the Germans. 3161:

with orders to kill without pity or mercy all men, women, and children of Polish descent or language. Only in this way can we obtain the living space we need.

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Andreas Toppe, Militär und Kriegsvölkerrecht: Rechtsnorm, Fachdiskurs und Kriegspraxis in Deutschland 1899–1940, Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, 2008, p. 398,

8670: 5693:Переслегин. Вторая мировая: война между реальностями.– М.:Яуза, Эксмо, 2006, с.22; Р. Э. Дюпюи, Т. Н. Дюпюи. Всемирная история войн. – С-П,М: АСТ, кн.4, с.93. 79: 14064: 11668: 11031: 10333: 9958: 9233: 3312: 1995: 3346:. 453 tanks were assigned into four light divisions, while another 225 tanks were in detached regiments and companies. Most notably, the Germans had seven 2323:. On 3 September, based on their alliance agreements with Poland, the United Kingdom and France declared war on Germany; in the end their aid to Poland was 14013: 10674: 10620: 9806: 7639: 9448: 9251: 9247: 4981:

came to besieged Warsaw on 7 September 1939 in the time of German bombardment. He photographed the beginning of the war by using one roll of colour film (

13909: 12838: 11138: 10627: 10243: 4515:) attacked civilian targets and columns of refugees along the roads to terrorize the Polish people, disrupt communications and target Polish morale. The 3983:

Polish units often lacked the ability to retreat from their defensive positions, as they were being overrun by more mobile German mechanized formations.

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rose against the Poles, and communist partisans organized local revolts, robbing and killing civilians. Those movements were quickly disciplined by the

3769:, eventually isolating segments of the enemy, surrounding, and destroying them. The prewar "armoured idea", which an American journalist in 1939 dubbed 3256:, but under the pressure from Great Britain and France, the mobilization was cancelled. When the final mobilization started, it added to the confusion. 3181:

hoped to frame the conflict. Thus, he wavered and postponed his attack until 1 September, managing to in effect halt the entire invasion "in mid-leap".

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in 1940 even though the Anglo-French forces were much closer to parity with the Germans in numerical strength and equipment and were supported by the

14028: 13965: 13918: 13043: 11024: 10464: 10340: 5321: 5316: 4618: 3327: 2382: 9436: 9364: 6977: 3621:

fighter PZL P 11.G Kobuz. Nevertheless, due to the outbreak of the war, not one of the ordered 90 aircraft of this type were delivered to the army.

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quickly destroyed the bridges across the Bzura River. Then, the Polish forces were trapped out in the open and were attacked by wave after wave of

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Stanley S. Seidner, "Reflections from Rumania and Beyond: Marshal Śmigły-Rydz Rydz in Exile", The Polish Review vol. xxii, no. 2, 1977, pp. 29–51.

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and the importance of other arms in the campaign. They argue that Western accounts of the September campaign have stressed the shock value of the

3840:'s 10th Army, in the centre with Army Group South's armour, was to deliver the decisive blow with a northeastward thrust into the heart of Poland. 3659:, but only 140 tanks were produced between 1935 and the outbreak of the war. Poland had also a few relatively modern imported designs, such as 50 10754: 10066: 7024: 2744: 2498:

was strongly in favour of annexation by Germany, as were many of the ethnic German inhabitants of the Polish territory that separated the German

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to claim that German forces were acting in self-defence, one of the first acts of war took place on 1 September 1939. At 04:45, the old German

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and smaller support vessels. Most Polish surface units followed Operation Peking, leaving Polish ports on 20 August and escaping by way of the

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majority, and had been separated from Germany after Versailles and made into the nominally independent Free City. Hitler sought to use this as

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on 28 October 1939 from the Soviet Union. On 8 and 13 September 1939, the German military district in the area of Posen, commanded by general

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By 12 September, all of Poland west of the Vistula had been conquered except for the isolated Warsaw. The Polish government, led by President

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In case of a failure to defend most of the territory, the army was to retreat to the south-east of the country, where the rough terrain, the

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organized by multiple elements of the German government, tens of thousands of Polish civilians were shot at 760 mass execution sites by the

13949: 13310: 13171: 11465: 11321: 11305: 11277: 10518: 9725: 2985: 9305: 3479:. This resulted in the need to build a defense industry from scratch. Between 1936 and 1939, Poland invested heavily in the newly created 3094:

over Central Europe was also at stake. In private, Hitler said in May that Danzig was not the important issue to him, but the creation of

2873: 14147: 12222: 11289: 11201: 11145: 11108: 10383: 8024: 7903: 7849: 2431: 1427: 158: 4267:, and the high command, led by Marshal Edward Rydz-Śmigły, left Warsaw in the first days of the campaign and headed southeast, reaching 13729: 12937: 11194: 9919: 5296: 5128:

Poland also never officially surrendered to the Germans. Under German occupation, there was continued resistance by forces such as the

4036:

Following several German-staged incidents, such as the Gleiwitz incident, part of Operation Himmler, which German propaganda used as a

3061: 2401: 2332: 1949: 1877: 8122:

Kredite für NS-Verbrechen. Die Deutsche Kreditinstituten im Polen und die Ausraubung der polnischen un jüdischen Bevölkerung 1939–1945

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was notorious throughout the campaign for burning villages and committing atrocities in numerous Polish towns, including massacres in

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tankettes attached to infantry divisions and cavalry brigades. A standard tank of the Polish Army during the invasion of 1939 was the

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565 to 697 airplanes and 370 artillery pieces. As for duration, the September Campaign lasted about a week and a half less than the

3203:

On 26 August, Hitler tried to dissuade the British and the French from interfering in the upcoming conflict, even pledging that the

2756: 13975: 12549: 10361: 10135: 9898: 9764: 9575: 7368: 7341:: The German Ambassador in the Soviet Union, (Schulenburg) to the German Foreign Office. Moscow, 10 September 1939 – 9:40 p.m. and 5266: 5081: 4912: 4908: 2939: 2915: 2803: 1988: 1961: 9390: 7155: 4861:

In any case, this line exists and, consequently, the Eastern front has been created, which Nazi Germany will not dare to attack...

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On 23 May 1939, Hitler explained to his officers that the object of the aggression was not Danzig, but the need to obtain German

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destroying the Polish border post (re-enactment); German tank and armored car formation; German and Soviet troops shaking hands;

13210: 13060: 9480:. National Archives and Records Administration (German. Series: Motion Picture Films. G-2 Army Military Intelligence Division). 8337: 6746: 13987: 13824: 13429: 13412: 13402: 13390: 13343: 13261: 13256: 13251: 13239: 13234: 13104: 13077: 11647: 11159: 10002: 9540: 9411: 9377: 9329: 5636: 4376: 3568:

Overall, the Germans enjoyed numerical and qualitative aircraft superiority. Poland had only about 600 aircraft, of which only

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compromise favourable to Germany after its conquest of Poland. Meanwhile, the increased number of overflights by high-altitude

2791: 2562: 2386: 1790: 7551:

Bytwerk, Randall. "The Argument for Genocide in Nazi Propaganda." Quarterly Journal of Speech 91, no. 1 (February 2005): 37–62

4346:, and other international treaties, both bilateral and multilateral. Soviet diplomacy had lied that they were "protecting the 4098:

September and air opposition virtually ceased, with the main Polish air bases destroyed during the first 48 hours of the war.

3525:

horses in the average German infantry division, the average Polish infantry division had 76 cars and trucks and 6,939 horses.

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The object of the war is … physically to destroy the enemy. That is why I have prepared, for the moment only in the East, my

2463: 2101: 1944: 120: 9281: 7946:Черчилль У. Вторая мировая война. – М.: Воениздат, 1991. с. 204/Churchill U. World War II. – Moscow: Voenizdat, 1991. p. 204 6533: 4315:

ceasefire went into effect on 16 September 1939. Now cleared of any "second front" threat from the Japanese, Soviet Premier

4057:, the first large-scale city bombing of the war. At 08:00, German troops, still without a formal declaration of war issued, 3804:

A main attack over the western Polish border, which was to be carried out by Army Group South, commanded by Colonel General

13834: 13614: 13132: 12476: 11883: 11769: 10934: 10394: 10390: 10368: 9972: 9260: 8816: 7357: 6317: 5271: 4719: 4688:

to become the CdZ of the West Prussian military district. On 3 October 1939, the military districts centered on and named "

4045: 4015:

Although the Polish military had prepared for conflict, the civilian population remained largely unprepared. Polish prewar

3920: 3728: 2370: 2010: 1981: 175: 9347: 6159: 5524:

tanks: 100–880, 100 is the number of modern tanks, while the 880 number includes older tanks from the World War I era and

4354:

minorities of eastern Poland since the Polish government had abandoned the country and the Polish state ceased to exist".

3332:

Germany had a substantial numeric advantage over Poland and had developed a significant military before the conflict. The

12391: 11855: 11187: 11173: 10379: 7431: 5291: 3450: 3017: 2927: 2891: 2390: 2147: 929: 28: 8898: 8064: 7006: 6099: 5572:) and several support craft. Equipment loses included 132 Polish tanks and armored cars 327 Polish planes (118 fighters) 14077: 13895: 13862: 13842: 13385: 13188: 13154: 12824: 12600: 12469: 12347: 11925: 11640: 11591: 11349: 10904: 10149: 9988: 9836: 9690: 9460: 9214: 9188: 9166: 9108: 9089: 9070: 9046: 9002: 8954: 8930: 8878: 8859: 8830: 8802: 8783: 8764: 8741: 8718: 8695: 8649: 8628: 8579: 8375: 8289: 8105: 8057: 8001: 7967: 7796: 7378: 7116: 7089: 6933: 6906: 6248: 6169: 6139: 6109: 6018: 5848: 5643: 5311: 4835:

said they were only obligated to declare war on Germany due to the first clause of the Anglo-Polish Agreement in 1939.

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poorly protected. One-third of Poland's forces were massed in or near the Polish Corridor, making them vulnerable to a

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With the surprise signing of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact on 23 August, the result of secret Nazi–Soviet talks held in

2239:

on 17 September. The campaign ended on 6 October with Germany and the Soviet Union dividing and annexing the whole of

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Poland's Holocaust: Ethnic Strife, Collaboration With Occupying Forces and Genocide in the Second Republic, 1918–1947

8538: 8203: 8049: 7689: 7435: 6386: 5978: 5893:...paved the way for the joint invasion and occupation of Poland by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union that September. 5592: 5261: 4614: 4520: 4489: 2785: 2366: 2244: 2022: 1783: 9864: 4070:) from the German-allied Slovak Republic, in the south. All three assaults converged on the Polish capital, Warsaw. 3149:

On 22 August, just over a week before the onset of war, Hitler delivered a speech to his military commanders at the

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Panzertruppen: The Complete Guide to the Creation & Combat Employment of Germany's Tank Force 1933–1942 (v. 1)

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3,384 tanks, 3,099 aircraft 2 (Allies) to 3,350,000 soldiers, 7,378 guns, 2,445 tanks, 5,446 aircraft (Germany).

4367:, as soldiers and locals attempted to defend the city. The Soviets executed numerous Polish officers, including 3176:

The German assault was originally scheduled to begin at 4:00 a.m. on 26 August. However, on 25 August, the

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on the shore of the Baltic Sea held out until 2 October. The last operational unit of the Polish Army, General

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Sword, Keith Sword (1991). "British Reactions to the Soviet Occupation of Eastern Poland in September 1939".

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The German invasion saw atrocities committed against Polish men, women and children. The German forces (both

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rivers, valleys, hills and swamps would provide natural lines of defence against the German advance, and the

3072: 2607: 2393: 2045: 2027: 582: 8591:"The Luftwaffe's Campaigns in Poland and the West 1939–1940: A Case Study of handling Innovation in Wartime" 3636:

The tank force consisted of two armored brigades, four independent tank battalions and some 30 companies of

3572:

heavy bombers were modern and comparable to their German counterparts. The Polish Air Force had roughly 185

3173:; the western one-third of the country was to go to Germany and the eastern two-thirds to the Soviet Union. 1474: 14199: 14189: 14116: 13997: 13992: 13712: 13506: 13217: 12797: 12693: 12068: 12029: 10948: 10776: 10761: 10688: 10667: 10485: 10163: 9949: 9942: 9926: 9637: 9596: 9568: 9123: 8659: 6265: 5664: 5256: 5251: 5218:, and were almost always closely subordinated to the various mass infantry armies". (emphasis in original) 5154:

is the strategy that Germany first used in Poland. Many early post-war histories, such as Barrie Pitt's in

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economically subordinate to Germany. As part of this long-term policy, Hitler at first pursued a policy of

2408:

within the territory of the former Polish state. Many of the military exiles who escaped Poland joined the

2113: 1913: 1862: 1571: 13757: 9507:(1943). Film Bulletin n. 48 US Department of the Army, Signal Corps Photographic Center. Internet Archive. 7509: 7171: 3780:

Poland's terrain was well suited for mobile operations when the weather co-operated; the country had flat

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From within Poland, the German minority would assist by engaging in diversion and sabotage operations by

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Dispositions of the opposing forces on 31 August 1939, with the German order of battle overlaid in pink.

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of 320,000 of Polish citizens, when all who were deemed dangerous to the Soviet regime were subject to

4041: 2779: 2413: 2040: 1906: 1884: 437: 4435: 4032:

Map showing the advances made by the Germans, and the disposition of all troops from 1 to 14 September

3919:". Poland's most valuable natural resources, industry and population were along the western border in 3789: 2897: 2137: 1452: 14049: 13680: 13587: 12996: 12460: 12377: 12162: 12022: 11994: 11827: 11732: 11522: 10955: 10022: 9676: 9314: 8139:"Chapter 2. The Soviet-German invasion and the Polish exodus (1939–1940) – Polish forces in the West" 6873: 6791: 5369: 5357: 5097:

lost 285 aircraft to all operational causes, with 279 more damaged, and the Poles lost 333 aircraft.

4627: 4426:

managed to hold their positions long after they had been surrounded by German forces. The enclave of

4359: 4291: 4281: 4240:, dropping 50 kg (110 lb) light bombs, which caused huge numbers of casualties. The Polish 3316: 3024:, although they were not part of the agreement. It coerced Czechoslovakia to surrender the region of 2708: 2690: 2574: 2533: 2296: 2284: 2236: 2223: 1923: 1889: 1712: 1654: 1647: 1576: 1410: 1335: 595: 24: 20: 12974: 10220: 8225: 6444:

Reply of the German Chancellor to the Communication of 28 August 1939, from His Majesty's Government

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Russia and the USSR in the wars of the 20th century: losses of the Armed Forces. A Statistical Study

4126:

river. Two days later, his left wing was well to the rear of Łódź and his right wing at the town of

2528:, a reason for war, reverse the post-1918 territorial losses, and on many occasions had appealed to 13675: 13638: 12199: 12176: 11428: 11229: 11222: 10879: 10539: 10511: 10504: 9891: 9266: 8990: 8639: 8081: 5963: 5306: 5202: 5033: 5010: 4958: 4816: 4781: 4459: 3484: 3360:

and destroyed. This would be followed up by less-mobile mechanized infantry and foot soldiers. The

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History of the invasion with focus on precise locations and events, as experienced by real people.

5112:

with anti-aircraft machine gun near the Warsaw Central Station in the first days of September 1939

3441:

was probably the most experienced, best-trained and best-equipped air force in the world in 1939.

3025: 1725: 1638: 1479: 14174: 13685: 13663: 13653: 13417: 13395: 13377: 13197: 13052: 12949: 12621: 12565: 12435: 12295: 11980: 11633: 11529: 11435: 11003: 10864: 10834: 10798: 10783: 10655: 10547: 10525: 10471: 10457: 10439: 10103: 9884: 9612: 9561: 8239: 4364: 4304: 3732: 3601: 3334: 3275: 3209: 3197: 2951: 1976: 1835: 1735: 1514: 810: 805: 784: 764: 554: 5991: 5175:, both of which had as their purpose the physical destruction of the enemy troops. Such was the 4157:. At the same time, Guderian led his 3rd Army tanks across the Narew, attacking the line of the 3158: 1857: 655: 13752: 13630: 13355: 13338: 13305: 12313: 12206: 12008: 11959: 11862: 11755: 11725: 11508: 11396: 11122: 10913: 10497: 10478: 10448: 9995: 9965: 9302: 8616: 8166:

Zonder Vrees en Zonder Verwijt. Poolse militairen in West-Europa tijdens de Tweede Wereldoorlog

6735:

Polish Underground Army, the Western Allies, and the Failure of Strategic Unity in World War II

5301: 5052:, on the brave and heroic Polish cavalry men, who charged German tanks with sabres and lances. 5019: 4639: 4332: 4198: 4050: 3941: 3472: 3238: 2762: 2625: 2425: 2207: 2086: 2005: 1730: 1546: 1526: 1422: 1395: 820: 799: 275: 116: 99: 69: 32: 13521: 13298: 13227: 9181:

Revolution from Abroad: The Soviet Conquest of Poland's Western Ukraine and Western Belorussia

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and placed the remaining block of territory under the administration of the newly established

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Kimmich, Christoph M. (1 January 1969). "The Weimar Republic and the German-Polish Borders".

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broke what remained of the Polish resistance in an "awesome demonstration of air power". The

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that disrupted lines of supply and communications. Together, the new methods were nicknamed "

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in the Far East, successful end of the conflict for the Soviet Union, which occurred in the

2335:

could be transported to Europe, with the bulk of the BEF in France by the end of September.

1750: 1633: 1613: 1586: 1536: 1370: 568: 14111: 13887: 13489: 13360: 12985: 12861: 12628: 12483: 12134: 12091: 12061: 11987: 11797: 11776: 10695: 10172: 9850: 8964: 7572: 5755: 5276: 4986: 4574: 4062: 3837: 3833: 3613: 3468: 3353: 3170: 2556: 2515: 2118: 1661: 1581: 1489: 1432: 1324: 722: 699: 694: 370: 13819: 13365: 13325: 5135: 4728:, while the south-central parts were administered as the General Government led by Frank. 4111: 4054: 3856: 3852: 1623: 1330: 346: 334: 8: 13932: 13459: 12886: 12746: 12520: 12398: 12354: 11876: 11010: 10769: 10296: 10126: 10110: 10059: 9412:

Nazi invasion of Poland in 1939: Images and Documents from the Harrison Forman collection

8918: 8499: 8473: 7296: 5596: 5193: 5189: 5177: 4467: 4335: 4308: 3956: 3911:

Deployment of German, Polish and Slovak divisions immediately before the German invasion.

3817: 3785: 3549:. However, its pilots were among the world's best trained, as proven a year later in the 3108:

With tensions mounting, Germany turned to aggressive diplomacy. On 28 April 1939, Hitler

3079: 3049: 2809: 2696: 2495: 2471: 2374: 2351: 2312: 2304: 2172: 2052: 1740: 1531: 1400: 358: 183: 124: 13070: 7294:

Roberts, Geoffrey (1 January 1992). "The Soviet Decision for a Pact with Nazi Germany".

6346: 6266:"German Army Attacks Poland; CitiesBombed, Port Blockaded; Danzig Is AcceptedInto Reich" 1556: 13481: 13348: 13333: 13280: 13244: 13137: 13082: 12739: 12572: 12497: 12451: 12421: 12329: 12169: 11834: 11718: 11612: 11563: 11257: 11208: 11017: 10634: 10289: 10087: 9497: 9493: 9489: 9485: 9021: 8969: 8753: 8213: 8173: 7321: 7018: 6382: 6080: 5206:, asserted that, "there is considerable justice in Matthew Cooper's assertion that the 5027: 4885: 4697: 4439: 3805: 3744: 3736: 3644:

light tank. It was the first tank in the world to be equipped with a diesel engine and

3556: 3381: 3189: 3138: 2885: 2833: 2529: 2378: 2355: 1765: 1405: 1355: 1340: 321: 6806: 6053: 4264: 3546: 3223:

On 29 August, prompted by the British, Germany issued one last diplomatic offer, with

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was set up to collect funds necessary for strengthening the Polish Armed forces. The

3434: 3296: 3280: 3272: 3118: 3083: 3065: 2821: 2797: 2732: 2595: 2276: 2057: 1896: 1872: 1745: 1375: 643: 423: 83: 9326: 8253: 7370:

Poland's Holocaust: Ethnic Strife, Collaboration with Occupying Forces and Genocide…

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Gawrecká "Československé Slezsko. Mezi světovými válkami 1918–1938", Opava 2004, 21.

5721: 3967:

had not been elaborated in detail and concerned only the first stage of operations.

3648:. The 7TP was significantly better armed than its most common opponents, the German 3593: 2295:

advanced, Polish forces withdrew from their forward bases of operation close to the

881: 619: 13744: 13604: 13543: 13476: 13454: 13434: 13293: 13273: 13142: 12649: 12642: 12586: 12250: 12015: 12001: 11904: 11841: 11792: 11605: 11458: 11405: 11215: 11166: 11080: 10303: 10280: 9813: 9481: 9386: 9056: 8847: 8602: 7305: 7081: 6605:

Bombers of the Luftwaffe, Joachim Dressel and Manfred Griehl, Arms and Armour, 1994

5809:Россия и СССР в войнах XX века: потери вооруженных сил. Статистическое исследование 5789: 5409: 5337: 5118: 5085: 5045: 4578: 4419: 4074: 3937: 3757: 3609: 3529: 3518: 3459: 3411: 3343: 3242: 3219:

The map shows the beginning of the European part of World War II in September 1939.

3048:

By 1937, Germany began to increase its demands for Danzig, while proposing that an

3021: 2879: 2815: 2663: 2651: 2324: 2275:

German forces invaded Poland from the north, south, and west the morning after the

2226:. The German invasion began on 1 September 1939, one week after the signing of the 1867: 1845: 1551: 1442: 715: 687: 607: 13790: 9822: 7409: 5867:. Warsaw Oficyna Wydawnicza Rytm, 2005, p. 5, 385. ISBN 83-7399-169-7. (in Polish) 3402:

also attacked cities, causing huge losses amongst the civilian population through

13795: 13548: 13164: 13147: 12672: 12384: 12299: 12257: 12155: 12098: 11966: 11748: 11739: 11268: 10843: 10819: 10073: 9464: 9452: 9440: 9427: 9406: 9394: 9381: 9368: 9363:

An essay describing the Polish Campaign in a larger strategic context of the war

9355: 9333: 9321: 9309: 9297: 9285: 9273: 9255: 9237: 9206: 9198: 8944: 8279: 8088: 8068: 7744: 7693: 7416: 7106: 5640: 5566: 5502: 5487: 5471: 5459: 5451: 5436: 5421: 5401: 4871: 4799: 4499: 4455: 4415: 4368: 4213: 4172: 4090: 4058: 3979: 3860: 3569: 3399: 2507: 2451: 2443: 2265: 2248: 2035: 1956: 1755: 1509: 1499: 1469: 1350: 905: 845: 631: 504: 408: 12784: 9373: 9278: 6792:"1::Pomoc wojenna Imperium Brytyjskiego dla Polski w okresie II Wojny Światowej" 6416:

A World at Total War: Global Conflict and the Politics of Destruction, 1937–1945

6321: 5676:

Website of the Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs – the Poles on the Front Lines

5032:

Polish cavalry units did not engage German tanks with lances and swords. At the

3581: 14121: 13553: 12679: 12215: 12141: 10186: 10045: 4934: 4881: 4685: 4674: 4583: 4563: 4185: 4078: 3999: 3964: 3924: 3848: 3774: 3766: 3695: 3511: 3503: 3422: 3403: 3185: 3076: 3053: 3034: 2714: 2619: 2328: 2320: 1971: 1966: 516: 492: 480: 307: 7309: 5633: 4110:

Vistula River, then some 10 km (6.2 mi) from the German border, and

917: 857: 14163: 12490: 10408: 10257: 10096: 8548: 8061: 7852:[Wehrmacht crimes against Polish prisoners of war in September 1939] 7317: 7217: 6513: 6479: 6467: 6455: 6443: 5130: 5105: 5056: 4920: 4740: 4731: 4504: 4463: 4442: 4316: 3605: 3426: 3415: 3292: 3006: 2945: 2921: 2613: 2519: 2511: 2510:

constituted land long disputed by Poland and Germany, and was inhabited by a

2459: 2397: 1447: 528: 12816: 9457: 6965:(in Polish). Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Ministerstwa Obrony Narodowej. p. 933. 6831: 4494:

The Polish Campaign was the first action by Hitler in his attempt to create

4220:

River, west of Warsaw, and lasted from 9 to 19 September. The Polish armies

3249: 3229: 1775: 1680: 13707: 13464: 13205: 12789: 12593: 10886: 10791: 10422: 9785: 9549: 9290: 9176: 8812: 7151: 5122: 4978: 4701: 4662: 4658: 4635: 4598: 4427: 4004: 3993:: Polish destroyers evacuate the Baltic Sea en route to the United Kingdom. 3825: 3724: 3715: 3357: 3342:

in its inventory, of which 2,859 were with the Field Army and 408 with the

3253: 3150: 3042: 2726: 2503: 2488: 2475: 2455: 2439: 2435: 2300: 2288: 2219: 2211: 1808: 382: 258: 231: 147: 75: 9467:. A website describing the Polish forces in France, UK and the Netherlands 9128: 8607: 8590: 6394: 4794:

About 65,000 Polish troops were killed in the fighting (and roughly 3,000

4689: 4445:. In the last week of September, Hitler made a speech in Danzig and said: 4338:

after they had invaded the eastern regions of Poland, in violation of the

4286: 4142: 3855:'s 3rd Army, which was to strike southward from East Prussia, and General 3821: 3545:

and a delay in the introduction of a completely new modern Polish fighter

3215: 3134: 13609: 12904: 12428: 12414: 12076: 10745: 10566: 10551: 9905: 8047:

Polska 1939–1945. Straty osobowe i ofiary represji pod dwiema okupacjami.

6982:(in Polish). Jerusalem: Sekcja Wydawnicza APW. p. 39. Archived from 6194:

The Second World War: Volume 2 Europe 1939–1943, Tom 2 Robin Havers p. 25

5162:". That idea has been repudiated by some authors. Matthew Cooper writes: 5109: 4963: 4916: 4820: 4386: 4351: 4205: 4131: 3990: 3975: 3948: 3932: 3887:, and the main Polish army was to be encircled and destroyed west of the 3762: 3660: 3542: 3488: 3476: 3371: 3268: 3260: 3112:

withdrew from both the German-Polish Non-Aggression Pact of 1934 and the

2524: 2347: 1932: 1850: 942: 893: 869: 468: 12913: 6084: 4642:

gained back those territories taken by Poland in autumn 1938. Lithuania

4154: 14133: 14082: 14059: 13094: 13089: 11783: 11536: 11515: 10401: 9734: 9662: 9241: 5599:

of 1928 and the 1933 London Convention on the Definition of Aggression.

5281: 4982: 4924: 4876: 4705: 4347: 4146: 4016: 3691: 3687: 3683: 3617: 3502:

shaped Polish Army organizational and operational doctrine. Unlike the

3376: 3284: 3109: 3096: 2855: 2657: 2645: 2632: 1840: 1830: 1437: 12925: 9399: 7325: 6898:

Operation Fall Weiss: German Paratroopers in the Poland Campaign, 1939

5841:

Operatsiia Groza, Ili, Oshibka V Tretem Znake: Istoricheskaia Khronika

4869:

and details of this concept would be later formulated in the infamous

4543: 4135: 2462:

with Poland, trying to improve opinion in Germany, culminating in the

12046: 11451: 11248: 11059: 10850: 10805: 8822: 6614:

The Flying pencil, Heinz J. Nowarra, Schiffer Publishing, 1990, p. 25

5740: 5192:, and it was applied in the Polish Campaign, little changed from the 4889: 4682: 4551: 4480:

near Lublin on 6 October, marking the end of the September Campaign.

4423: 4320: 4257: 4181: 4158: 4150: 3916: 3907: 3679: 3675: 3671: 3664: 3656: 3454: 3367: 3362: 3234: 2843: 2308: 2292: 1279: 201: 65: 10326: 4693: 4539: 4194: 4105:

Hitler watching German soldiers march into Poland in September 1939.

3829: 128: 13852: 10310: 10038: 8621:

Between Nazis and Soviets: Occupation Politics in Poland, 1939–1947

8513: 8477: 6871: 6480:

Sir N. Henderson to Viscount Halifax (received 9:30 a.m. 31 August)

5525: 4555: 4411: 4328: 4312: 4166: 3649: 3573: 3561: 3395: 3264: 3091: 3057: 2339: 1095: 59: 9343:

Nazi broadcast claiming that Germany's action is an act of defence

4559: 3624: 3506:

of World War I, the Polish–Soviet War was a conflict in which the

3467:

Emerging in 1918 as an independent country after 123 years of the

3030: 2247:. The invasion is also known in Poland as the September campaign ( 16:

German, Soviet, and Slovak attack at the beginning of World War II

12980: 8852:

Forgotten Holocaust: The Poles Under German Occupation, 1939–1944

6298:

Zahradnik "Korzenie Zaolzia. Warszawa – Praga – Trzyniec", 16–17.

5005: 4803: 4431: 4037: 3952: 3895:

was initiated on 1 September 1939 and was the first operation of

3888: 3859:'s 4th Army, which was to attack eastward across the base of the 3844: 3813: 3809: 3698:

ships joined the British merchant fleet and took part in wartime

3577: 3521:

and had some successes against both German infantry and cavalry.

3514: 3507: 3288: 3212:

and cross-border troop movements signaled that war was imminent.

3193: 2499: 2483: 2479: 2447: 2307:, the Germans gained an undisputed advantage. Polish forces then 8995:

Katyn and the Soviet Massacre of 1940: Truth, Justice And Memory

8641:

Brute Force: Allied Strategy and Tactics in the Second World War

8442:

Brute Force: Allied Strategy and Tactics in the Second World War

7593: 7206:"High Hitler: how Nazi drug abuse steered the course of history" 4082: 3690:, with the goal of engaging and damaging German shipping in the 3287:

attack on the radio station, was staged near the border city of

3038: 2400:. In the aftermath of the invasion, a collective of underground 10927: 9518: 9231:

The Conquest of Poland and the Beginnings of Jewish Persecution

8707:

Nomonhan, 1939: The Red Army's Victory That Shaped World War II

8553:

SS-Leibstandarte: The History of the First SS Division, 1934–45

8508: 8482: 7983: 7850:"Zbrodnie Wehrmachtu na jeńcach polskich we wrześniu 1939 roku" 6623:

A History of World War Two, A.J.P. Taylor, Octopus, 1974, p. 35

4807: 4268: 4127: 4073:

France and Britain declared war on Germany on 3 September, but

3884: 3781: 3699: 3348: 3166: 2331:, and the Polish army was effectively defeated even before the 2240: 23:. For more details on the invasion by the Slovak Republic, see 8363: 7830: 7828: 5072:

In 1939, 10% of the Polish army was made up of cavalry units.

4534:) murdered tens of thousands of Polish civilians (such as the 3592:

bombers being more modern than the fighters, according to the

3295:

by German units posing as Polish troops, as part of the wider

11115: 8892: 8572:

The German Army 1939–1945: Its Political and Military Failure

8455:

The German Army 1939–1945: Its Political and Military Failure

8429:

The German Army 1939–1945: Its Political and Military Failure

6595:

The German Army 1939–1945: Its Political and Military Failure

6426: 6424: 6347:"The Avalon Project: Documents in Law, History and Diplomacy" 5015: 4929: 4735:

German and Soviet troops shaking hands following the invasion

4300: 4253: 4217: 4123: 4115: 2514:

majority. The Corridor had become a part of Poland after the

2343: 190: 13917: 7942: 7940: 6925:

Is Tomorrow Hitler's? 200 Questions on the Battle of Mankind

5916: 5914: 5716: 5714: 4165:

During this invasion, Hitler's troops made extensive use of

3800:. German units were to invade Poland from three directions: 3761:) to assist the rapid movement of troops and concentrate on 2230:

between Germany and the Soviet Union, and one day after the

7825: 7419:, Internetowa encyklopedia PWN. Retrieved 14 November 2006. 4915:

between 1939 and 1941 resulted in the death of 150,000 and

4851: 4823:

in 1941 to form the global conflict known as World War II.

4380: 4357:

The Polish border defence forces in the east, known as the

4311:

completed their agreement that ended the conflict, and the

3339: 2466:

of 1934. Earlier, Hitler's foreign policy worked to weaken

9267:

Detailed outline of campaign, mainly from German documents

9161:] (in German). Frankfurt: Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag. 9155:

Auftakt zum Vernichtungskrieg; Die Wehrmacht in Polen 1939

9014:

Marshal Edward Śmigły-Rydz: Rydz and the Defence of Poland

7661: 7387: 7238: 7236: 7234: 6859:

7TP vol.II, Janusz Magnus#1, Militaria 317, Warszawa 2009.

6421: 6310: 6010:

A World in Flames: A Short History of the Second World War

5591:

Other treaties violated by the Soviet Union were the 1919

5225:, also address the subject of mythical interpretations of 4511:

From the first day of invasion, the German air force (the

4028: 2303:

to the east. After the mid-September Polish defeat in the

2206:(1 September – 6 October 1939), was a joint attack on the 19:

For more details on the invasion by the Soviet Union, see

12965:

Bolesław I's intervention in the Kievan succession crisis

9261:

Blitzkrieg Unleashed: The German Invasion of Poland, 1939

8971:

Hitler Strikes Poland: Blitzkrieg, Ideology, and Atrocity

7937: 7699: 7576:

Hitler Strikes Poland: Blitzkrieg, Ideology, and Atrocity

7058:

Marshal Edward Śmigły-Rydz Rydz and the defence of Poland

6843: 6841: 6631: 6629: 6502:

Marshal Edward Śmigły-Rydz Rydz and the defence of Poland

5911: 5795:"Axis Slovakia: Hitler's Slavic Wedge, 1938–1945", p. 81 5711: 5167:

breakdown of morale were not made the ultimate aim of the

4248:

left the army with the task of mopping up survivors. The

4093:

early in the campaign. By destroying communications, the

3986: 3641: 3637: 3629: 8734:

Weapons and Secret Weapons of the German Army, 1933–1945

7178:. Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. 7 September 1939. p. 9. 6872:

Tullio Pontecorvo, Tobias Lundqvist (1 September 2017).

6034: 4141:

The right wing of the Poles had been hammered back from

3237:. On the night of 30/31 August, German Foreign Minister 2478:. Poland would be granted territory to its northeast in 9417:"The Polish Campaign of September 1939 in Perspective" 7524: 7489: 7477: 7231: 5937:. William B. Eerdmans Publishing Co. pp. 313–315. 4527: 3866:

A tertiary attack by part of Army Group South's allied

10180:

Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany

8730:

Waffen und Geheimwaffen des deutschen Heeres 1933–1945

8126:

Britain and Poland 1939–1943. The Betrayed Ally (1995)

7620:(in Polish). Archived from the original on 13 May 2008 7031: 7004: 6838: 6776:

Mazur, Wojciech (March 2009). "Pomocnik Historyczny".

6677: 6665: 6653: 6641: 6626: 6563: 6522:

Heinrich Himmler: The SS, Gestapo, His Life and Career

6468:

Sir H. Kennard to Viscount Halifax (received 10 a.m.).

6418:, Roger Chickering, Stig Förster, Bernd Greiner, p. 97 5865:

Kampania polska 1939 roku. Początek II wojny światowej

5785:

Waffen und Geheimwaffen des deutschen Heeres 1933–1945

5329:– the Slovak arsenal was inherited from Czechoslovakia 4677:

to become the CdZ of the Posen military district, and

3604:

fighters and 111 English airplanes (100 light bombers

3352:

divisions, with 2,009 tanks between them, using a new

14065:

Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina

9303:

German Statistics including September Campaign losses

7581: 7554: 7438:. Internet Archive, 16.10.03. Retrieved 16 July 2007. 7160:. New York: Harper & Brothers. pp. xvi–xvii. 6942: 6704: 4138:, respectively north-west and north-east of Warsaw. 3792:

meant that Poland's southern flank was also exposed.

3313:

Soviet order of battle for invasion of Poland in 1939

8409: 8394:

285 aircraft destroyed, 279 damaged of initial force

7348: 6289:

Nowa Encyklopedia Powszechna PWN 1997, vol. VI, 981.

5214:

mission that was to characterize authentic armoured

5100: 4790:

Polish troops withdrawn to Hungary in September 1939

4631:

German & Soviet advance in Poland September 1939

4430:'s tiny garrison capitulated on 7 September and the 4049:

opened fire on the Polish military transit depot at

3694:, but they had much less success. In addition, many 3005:

The invasion was referred to by Germany as the 1939

7271: 7269: 7193:. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. pp. 51–54, 62–64. 7011:

The British-Polish Alliance; Its Origin and Meaning

6921: 6551: 6539: 5141: 4904:, compiled before the war began in September 1939. 4842:

German soldiers removing Polish government insignia

4418:north of Warsaw capitulated on 29 September, after 4149:by 9 September, and List, in the south, was on the 2358:. On 6 October, following the Polish defeat at the 8968: 8752: 8324:Steven J. Zaloga, Ramiro Bujeiro, Howard Gerrard, 8308:("Book of Polish cavalry"), TESCO, Warszawa 1989, 8195:LC Online Catalog – Item Information (Full Record) 7578:Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas, 2003 7363: 7164: 7130: 7128: 5628: 5626: 5138:'s guerillas, and the Leśni ("forest partisans"). 4974:, the central publishing house of the Nazi Party. 4519:killed 6,000 to 7,000 Polish civilians during the 3773:, which was advocated by some generals, including 3743:. It called for the start of hostilities before a 3536:) was at a severe disadvantage against the German 9159:War of Annihilation: The Wehrmacht in Poland 1939 9062:A World at Arms: A Global History of World War II 8357: 6975: 6915: 5595:(to which the Soviet Union adhered in 1934); the 5322:List of German military equipment of World War II 5317:List of World War II military equipment of Poland 4619:War crimes in occupied Poland during World War II 4458:(the Soviets later executed all the officers and 3751:and small numbers of truck-mounted infantry (the 3421:dive bombers, 1,100 conventional bombers (mainly 3366:(air force) provided both tactical and strategic 3328:German order of battle for the invasion of Poland 3248:On 29 August, Polish Minister of Foreign Affairs 2757:Soviet–Czechoslovakia Treaty of Mutual Assistance 14161: 8975:. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. 7949: 7742: 7638:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 7542:Richard J. Evans, The Third Reich at War, p. 102 7266: 6236: 4944:1st Polish Corps on exercise in Scotland in 1941 3384:claimed "Poland was a full demonstration of the 3309:Opposing forces in the Polish September Campaign 2327:. France invaded a small part of Germany in the 8923:Britain and Poland 1939–1943: The Betrayed Ally 8663:"The Katyn Controversy: Stalin's Killing Field" 8021:"Polish experts lower nation's WWII death toll" 7284:Tippelskirch, Kurt. History of Second World War 7125: 6960: 5623: 4933:) or murdered, like the Polish officers in the 4002:were well within operating range of the German 3851:commanded Army Group North, comprising General 2259:) and known in Germany as the Poland campaign ( 14096:German–Soviet military parade in Brest-Litovsk 13176:Ottoman–Tatar Invasion of Lithuania and Poland 12882:Military of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 9435:by Bradley Lightbody, Last updated 2011-03-30 9339:Radio reports on the German invasion of Poland 8464: 7836:Kursk: The greatest battle: Eastern Front 1943 7820:Kursk: The greatest battle: Eastern Front 1943 7146: 7144: 7142: 7140: 7104: 6894: 6769: 6432:Kursk: The Greatest Battle: Eastern Front 1943 6391:League of Nations Archives, Palais des Nations 6381: 6237:Snyder, Louis Leo; Montgomery, John D (2003). 5957: 5327:List of Czechoslovakia interwar period weapons 5287:Polish cavalry brigade order of battle in 1939 5006:Combat between Polish cavalry and German tanks 4696:" were set up under command of major generals 3723:The September Campaign was devised by General 3241:read a 16-point German proposal to ambassador 2311:where they prepared for a long defence of the 13903: 12846: 12832: 9534: 9348:Headline story on BBC: Germany invades Poland 9079: 7150: 7052: 7050: 7048: 7046: 6954: 6456:Viscount Halifax to Sir N. Henderson (Berlin) 6153: 6151: 5803: 5801: 5779: 5777: 5775: 5773: 5701: 5699: 5686: 5684: 5682: 5602: 4802:Romania (through the Romanian Bridgehead and 4644:received the city of Vilnius and its environs 4394:during the Soviet invasion, 19 September 1939 4212:The largest battle during this campaign, the 2986: 2315:and awaited expected support and relief from 1805: 1791: 1710: 1696: 1295: 31:. For a list of Polish–German Wars, see, see 9515:(1939). Universal Studios. Internet Archive. 9279:The Campaign in Poland at WorldWar2 Database 8615: 8277: 8124:(München 2007), 64–67, Anita J. Prazmowska, 8045:Wojciech Materski and Tomasz Szarota (eds.). 8023:. AFP/Expatica. 30 July 2009. Archived from 7889:Bloodlands: Europe Between Hitler and Stalin 7722: 7720: 7718: 7716: 7714: 7332: 7255:, Oficyna Wydawnicza RYTM Warszawa, p. 182. 6874:"Fall Weiss – The German Invasion of Poland" 6696:Zawadzki, Tadeusz (2009). "Porównanie sił". 3998:sunk by the Germans. Furthermore, since the 3879:units that had been prepared before the war. 3553:, in which the Poles played a notable part. 3064:strategy. On 31 March 1939, Poland formed a 3041:) later served as the justification for the 13172:Polish–Lithuanian–Muscovite War (1534–1537) 13160:Polish–Lithuanian–Muscovite War (1512–1522) 9034: 8811: 8755:Luftwaffe at War: Gathering Storm 1933–1939 8528: 8498: 8472: 8370:. Cambridge University Press. p. 212. 8271: 7652: 7466: 7464: 7137: 7098: 7023:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 6491:Oslon and Cloud,"A Question of Honor" p. 50 6134:. Manchester University Press. p. 92. 6123: 6121: 5960:"Holocaust of non-jewish Poles during WWII" 3788:and creation of the German puppet state of 3058:to connect East Prussia with Germany proper 2745:German–Polish declaration of non-aggression 2470:and attempted to manoeuvre Poland into the 2442:. While some dissident elements within the 13910: 13896: 13018:Second Mongol invasion of Poland (1259/60) 12839: 12825: 9541: 9527: 9035:Taylor, A.J.P.; Mayer, S.L., eds. (1974). 9026:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 8949:. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company. 8939: 8917: 8759:. Vol. I. London: Chevron/Ian Allan. 8421: 8354:, London, Europa Publications, 1980. p. 28 8178:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 8082:Holocaust of Non-Jewish Poles During WWII. 7736: 7667: 7447: 7393: 7043: 6969: 6928:. Reynal & Hitchcock. pp. 29–30. 6888: 6757:Adam Kurowski 'Lotnictwo Polskie 1939' 129 6589: 6587: 6341: 6339: 6148: 5920: 5798: 5770: 5696: 5679: 5297:Polish resistance movement in World War II 3820:'s 8th Army was to drive eastward against 3433:. Due to its earlier participation in the 2993: 2979: 2536:still in the Corridor, as well as Danzig. 2474:, forming a cooperative front against the 1798: 1784: 1703: 1689: 1302: 1288: 1269: 1263: 1257: 1251: 1245: 1224: 1211: 1205: 1193: 1187: 1181: 1175: 1164: 1158: 1152: 1146: 1140: 1134: 1101: 1092: 1086: 1080: 1074: 1068: 1047: 1041: 1035: 1029: 1023: 1011: 1000: 994: 988: 982: 976: 13023:Third Mongol invasion of Poland (1287/88) 13013:First Mongol invasion of Poland (1240/41) 9504:Invasion of Poland in 1939 by German Army 9315:Brief Campaign losses and more statistics 9291:The Campaign in Poland at Achtung! Panzer 9197: 9183:. Princeton: Princeton University Press. 9065:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 8925:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 8889:Poland 1939: The Outbreak of World War II 8727: 8606: 8364:Roy Francis Leslie; R. F. Leslie (1983). 7791:. Stanford University Press. p. 58. 7767:Voronezh, 1964. in Russian); Guderian H. 7711: 7251:Czesław Grzelak, Henryk Stańczyk (2005), 7172:"Poles Holding Line 30 Miles From Warsaw" 6998: 5976:Dariusz Baliszewski (19 September 2004), 4962:('Von Lemberg bis Bordeaux'), written by 4059:attacked near the Polish village of Mokra 3632:light tanks in formation during maneuvers 2940:Soviet–British–French Moscow negotiations 2751:Franco-Soviet Treaty of Mutual Assistance 222: 178:Lithuania, the Soviet Union, and Slovakia 13919:Nazi German–Soviet relations before 1941 13311:War of the Polish Succession (1587–1588) 9055: 8447: 8163: 7955: 7461: 6766:'Duel for the Sky' by Christopher Shores 6695: 6230: 6127: 6118: 5380:Separated from 12th Army on 28 September 5267:List of Polish divisions in World War II 5104: 5009: 4939: 4909:Polish Institute of National Remembrance 4837: 4785: 4730: 4626: 4385: 4290:Disposition of all troops following the 4285: 4171: 4100: 4075:failed to provide any meaningful support 4066:German-Slovak tertiary attack by units ( 4027: 3985: 3906: 3714: 3623: 3555: 3458: 3214: 3133: 3016:Poland participated with Germany in the 2916:Final offensive of the Spanish Civil War 2432:National Socialist German Workers' Party 2396:, and immediately started a campaign of 266: 12872:History of Polish intelligence services 9080:Zaloga, Steve; Gerrard, Howard (2002). 9011: 8989: 8963: 8899:"Nazi Loss in Poland Placed at 290,000" 8792: 8704: 8688:Case White: The Invasion of Poland 1939 8685: 8415: 8403: 8015: 8013: 7599: 7530: 7495: 7483: 7471: 7422: 7293: 7108:Case White: The Invasion of Poland 1939 7037: 6948: 6847: 6683: 6671: 6659: 6647: 6635: 6584: 6507: 6336: 6157: 6070: 6040: 6006: 6002: 6000: 5970: 5748:"Nazi Loss in Poland Placed at 290,000" 5667:, article on 'Kampania Wrześniowa 1939' 4995:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum 4923:, forced resettlement, imprisonment in 4331:entered and created the Belarusian and 4180:Polish forces abandoned the regions of 3883:All three assaults were to converge on 3843:A second route of attack from northern 176:Polish territory divided among Germany, 14162: 14029:Border and Commercial Agreement (1941) 13825:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia 11395: 11373:Romanian prisoners in the Soviet Union 9152: 9098: 8750: 8736:]. Koblenz: Bernard & Graefe. 8569: 8547: 8531:Against Our Will – Men, Women and Rape 7885: 7696:Pamięć i Sprawiedliwość. nr 2 (8)/2005 7655:Against Our Will – Men, Women and Rape 7587: 7072: 6979:Kampania wrześniowa 1939 roku w Polsce 6901:. Pen & Sword Books. pp. 6–. 6867: 6865: 6804: 6724: 6243:. Transaction Publishers. p. 88. 5932: 5838: 5834: 5832: 4977:The American journalist and filmmaker 4952: 4473:Samodzielna Grupa Operacyjna "Polesie" 4377:Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists 3902: 3145:, a German–Soviet non-aggression pact. 2898:Hungarian invasion of Carpatho-Ukraine 1309: 13891: 13218:Northern Seven Years' War (1563–1570) 12820: 12244:Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign 11676:Japanese invasion of French Indochina 11322:Italian prisoners in the Soviet Union 11278:Finnish prisoners in the Soviet Union 10376:Rape during the occupation of Germany 9522: 9175: 8868: 8846: 8773: 8637: 8588: 8257:Polish Cavalry Charges Against Tanks" 8091:Polish American Congress, Washington. 7989: 7927:The Slavonic and East European Review 7924: 7867:from the original on 28 December 2021 7847: 7788:Stalin's Drive to the West, 1938–1945 7784: 7778: 7705: 7560: 7501: 7203: 7188: 7068: 7066: 6775: 6715:Poland's Preparation for World War II 6569: 6557: 6545: 6393:. Geneva: indiana.edu. Archived from 6369:"World History in Context – Document" 6164:. Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 150–151. 6097: 5958:Moor-Jankowski, Jan (5 August 2019). 5388: 5386: 5210:divisions were not given the kind of 5048:promptly published an article in the 4623:Nazi crimes against the Polish nation 3670:The Polish Navy was a small fleet of 3398:played a major role in the campaign. 3103: 2383:incorporated its newly acquired areas 1779: 1684: 1283: 13408:Polish–Cossack–Tatar War (1666–1671) 13061:Teutonic takeover of Danzig (Gdańsk) 11366:Polish prisoners in the Soviet Union 10391:Rape during the liberation of France 9082:Poland 1939: The Birth of Blitzkrieg 8891:(Basic Books, 2020) popular history 8795:The German Campaign in Poland (1939) 8326:Poland 1939: the birth of blitzkrieg 8281:Poland 1939: The Birth of Blitzkrieg 8010: 7858:Biuletyn Instytutu Pamięci Narodowej 7618:WProst 24 (Arch. in WayBack Machine) 7611: 6581:B.H. Hart & A.J.P. Taylor, p. 41 5997: 5904:Collier, Martin, and Pedley, Philip 5061:Poland 1939: The Birth of Blitzkrieg 4307:. On 15 September 1939, Molotov and 13950:German occupation of Czechoslovakia 13644:Greater Poland uprising (1918–1919) 9203:First to Fight: The Polish War 1939 8869:Majer, Diemut; et al. (2003). 8658: 7879: 7841: 7204:Cooke, Rachel (25 September 2016). 6862: 5829: 5292:Polish contribution to World War II 5075: 4720:annexed the western parts of Poland 4414:, held out until 28 September. The 3828:'s 14th Army was to push on toward 3686:. Submarine forces participated in 3451:Polish army order of battle in 1939 3389: 3380:" (lightning war). While historian 2892:German occupation of Czechoslovakia 29:Invasion of Poland (disambiguation) 13: 14078:Soviet offensive plans controversy 11592:German invasion of the Netherlands 9865:Weather events during World War II 9446:The Mythical Polish Cavalry Charge 9153:Böhler, Jochen (2006). "Preface". 9146: 8905:(Press release). 28 September 1941 8873:. Johns Hopkins University Press. 8512:(in Polish) (1138). Archived from 8116:a.o. Robert Westerby en R.M. Low, 7410:Olszyna-Wilczyński Józef Konstanty 7063: 6524:, Skyhorse Publishing Inc., 2007, 6375: 6161:The causes of the Second World War 5863:Czesław Grzelak, Henryk Stańczyk: 5644:Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs 5383: 5312:Timeline of the invasion of Poland 4483: 4323:in the Soviet "zone of interest". 4275: 4023: 3302: 3178:Polish-British Common Defence Pact 2874:Undeclared German–Czechoslovak War 2287:alongside the Germans in northern 2232:Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union 14: 14211: 12223:Northern Burma and Western Yunnan 9387:Detailed German Army organization 9374:Detailed Polish Army organization 9361:Halford Mackinder's Necessary War 9224: 8644:(1st US ed.). Viking Adult. 8120:(London 1940), 1–18, Ingo Loose, 8050:Institute of National Remembrance 7614:"Seksualne niewolnice III Rzeszy" 7436:Institute of National Remembrance 6737:, McFarland & Company, 2004, 5593:Covenant of the League of Nations 5101:Polish resistance to the invasion 5000: 4743:on 22 September. The German 19th 4615:Military Administration in Poland 4490:World War II casualties of Poland 4476:, surrendered after the four-day 4344:Soviet–Polish Non-Aggression Pact 4122:'s armour was already beyond the 2786:Remilitarization of the Rhineland 2464:German–Polish Non-Aggression Pact 2367:period of military administration 2255:) or 1939 defensive war (Polish: 13430:War of the Holy League 1683–1699 13133:Lithuanian Civil War (1432–1438) 12924: 12912: 12903: 12783: 9548: 9512:Special Release – Europe At War! 9250:Original reports from The Times 8434: 8397: 8384: 8367:The History of Poland Since 1863 8342: 8318: 8298: 8246: 8232: 8186: 8157: 8131: 8110: 8094: 8074: 8039: 7918: 7906:from the original on 2 June 2023 7812: 7763:Воронеж, 1964. (Krivoshein S.M. 7753: 7673: 7657:. Fawcett Columbine. p. 71. 7646: 7605: 7566: 7545: 7536: 7399: 7287: 7278: 7245: 7197: 7182: 6805:Banach, Michał (21 March 2018). 5585: 5272:Occupation of Poland (1939–1945) 5181:of the Polish campaign. – Cooper 4829:betrayed by their Western allies 4454:Despite a Polish victory at the 2506:from the rest of the Reich. The 2270:Überfall auf Polen, Polenfeldzug 936: 923: 911: 899: 887: 875: 863: 851: 839: 792: 751: 738: 708: 680: 649: 637: 625: 613: 601: 589: 576: 561: 547: 522: 510: 498: 486: 474: 462: 443: 431: 416: 401: 388: 376: 364: 352: 340: 328: 314: 300: 268: 251: 238: 224: 58: 52:European theatre of World War II 14055:Occupation of the Baltic states 13413:Polish–Ottoman War of 1672–1676 13403:Polish–Ottoman War of 1633–1634 13391:Polish–Ottoman War of 1620–1621 13344:Polish–Russian War of 1609–1618 13262:Polish–Swedish War of 1626–1629 13257:Polish–Swedish War of 1621–1625 13252:Polish–Swedish War of 1617–1618 13240:Polish–Swedish War of 1600–1611 13235:Polish–Swedish War of 1600–1629 13128:Władysław the White's rebellion 13115:Polish–Teutonic War (1519–1521) 13100:Polish–Teutonic War (1431–1435) 13066:Polish–Teutonic War (1326–1332) 8997:. London; New York: Routledge. 6853: 6824: 6798: 6784: 6760: 6751: 6689: 6617: 6608: 6599: 6575: 6494: 6485: 6473: 6461: 6449: 6437: 6409: 6361: 6301: 6292: 6283: 6258: 6188: 6179: 6131:Origins of the Second World War 6104:. JHU Press. pp. 188–189. 6091: 6064: 6046: 5951: 5926: 5898: 5870: 5857: 5575: 5551: 5541: 5531: 5496: 5481: 5445: 5430: 5395: 4901:Special Prosecution Book-Poland 4778:Polish Armed Forces in the East 4774:Polish Armed Forces in the West 4153:north and south of the town of 4079:saw only a few minor skirmishes 2721:Nazis' rise to power in Germany 2563:Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye 2410:Polish Armed Forces in the West 2365:On 8 October, after an initial 13983:Boundary and Friendship Treaty 13595:Greater Poland uprising (1848) 13386:Moldavian campaign (1497–1499) 13155:Moldavian campaign (1497–1499) 12470:Vietnamese famine of 1944–1945 10173:Territorial changes of Germany 10081:Indonesian National Revolution 9389:schemas by Dr. Leo Niehorster 9376:schemas by Dr. Leo Niehorster 9327:Fall Weiß – The Fall of Poland 8818:Refugees in an Age of Genocide 8595:Security and Defence Quarterly 7996:. Cambridge University Press. 7993:Justice and the Genesis of War 7962:. Cambridge University Press. 7191:Blitzed: Drugs in Nazi Germany 6482:Cited in the British Blue Book 6470:Cited in the British Blue Book 6458:Cited in the British Blue book 6446:Cited in the British Blue Book 5670: 5658: 5649: 5517: 5392:Improvised during the invasion 5374: 5362: 5350: 5188:was a strategy dating back to 5038:18th Pomeranian Uhlan Regiment 4796:prisoners of war were executed 4667:Chiefs of Civil Administration 4260:) of bombs during the battle. 3755:regiments, forerunners of the 3710: 2685:Japanese invasion of Manchuria 2542:Events leading to World War II 2532:, promising to "liberate" the 2468:ties between Poland and France 2412:, an armed force loyal to the 2373:western Poland and the former 141: 64:Left to right, top to bottom: 1: 13502:Russo–Polish War of 1654–1667 13470:Siege of Smolensk (1632–1633) 13143:1444 war against the Ottomans 12970:German–Polish War (1028–1031) 12960:German–Polish War (1003–1018) 12877:List of wars involving Poland 11870:Japanese invasion of Thailand 11821:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran 11585:German invasion of Luxembourg 9959:Mediterranean and Middle East 9103:. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. 9084:. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. 8690:. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. 8198:. SF Tafel Publishers. 2017. 7956:Weinberg, Gerhard L. (2005). 7749:. Bellona. GGKEY:YJUTJZKPCPA. 6807:"PZL 46 Sum Następca Karasia" 6054:"The Nazification of Germany" 5632:Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 5616: 5262:History of Poland (1939–1945) 4715:secret German–Soviet protocol 4648:Alfred von Vollard-Bockelberg 4536:Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler 3045:to join the German invasion. 2904:German ultimatum to Lithuania 2850:Polish ultimatum to Lithuania 2419: 2245:German–Soviet Frontier Treaty 1996:Mediterranean and Middle East 13512:War of the Bar Confederation 13507:War of the Polish Succession 11777:Invasion of the Soviet Union 11466:Occupation of Czechoslovakia 10777:Independent State of Croatia 9124:Internetowa encyklopedia PWN 9012:Seidner, Stanley S. (1978). 8168:. Amsterdam. pp. 64–65. 8062:Introduction reproduced here 7765:Between the Storms. Memoirs. 7513:pp. 28–29 with more speech. 6922:Knickerbocker, H.R. (1941). 6320:. Euronet.nl. Archived from 6318:"Elbing-Königsberg Autobahn" 5935:The Sacredness of Human Life 5665:Internetowa encyklopedia PWN 5333:Slovak Air Force (1939–1945) 5252:Eastern Front (World War II) 4831:. British Foreign Secretary 4722:with Greiser and Forster as 4608: 4498:(living space) for Germans. 4443:was defended until 2 October 3114:Anglo-German Naval Agreement 2804:Italo-German "Axis" protocol 2769:Anglo-German Naval Agreement 2338:On 17 September, the Soviet 2204:Polish Defensive War of 1939 1977:Manchuria and Northern Korea 142:German–Soviet–Slovak victory 7: 14024:Commercial Agreement (1940) 14019:Commercial Agreement (1939) 13870:Russian invasion of Ukraine 13763:Częstochowa Ghetto uprising 13559:War of the Fourth Coalition 13211:campaign of Stephen Báthory 12761:End of World War II in Asia 12601:Western invasion of Germany 12108:Chinese famine of 1942–1943 12085:Second Battle of El Alamein 11655:Hundred Regiments Offensive 11627:Battle of the Mediterranean 11480:Italian invasion of Albania 9647:Air warfare of World War II 9426:September 26, 2011, at the 9127:(in Polish). Archived from 8793:Kennedy, Robert M. (1980). 8705:Goldman, Stuart D. (2012). 8574:. New York: Stein and Day. 8555:. Staplehurst: Spellmount. 8529:Brownmiller, Susan (1975). 8465:Sources and further reading 8328:, Osprey Publishing, 2002, 7771:Heidelberg, 1951 (English: 7769:Erinnerungen eines Soldaten 7653:Brownmiller, Susan (1975). 7373:. McFarland & Company. 6158:Crozier, Andrew J. (1997). 6058:University of South Florida 5722:"Polish War, German Losses" 5245: 4594:Volksdeutscher Selbstschutz 4408:Battle of Tomaszów Lubelski 4392:provincial capital of Wilno 4077:. The German-French border 3876:Volksdeutscher Selbstschutz 3816:and Slovak border. General 3018:partition of Czechoslovakia 2934:Italian invasion of Albania 2928:British guarantee to Poland 2350:that fell into the Soviet " 2346:, the territory beyond the 2333:British Expeditionary Force 1761:Parczew, Jabłoń and Milanów 193:annexed by the Soviet Union 27:. For other invasions, see 10: 14216: 13848:Operation Uphold Democracy 13583:War of the Sixth Coalition 13571:War of the Fifth Coalition 13517:Polish–Russian War of 1792 12892:Warfare in Medieval Poland 12867:History of the Polish Army 12687:Naval bombardment of Japan 12055:First Battle of El Alamein 11974:Battle of Christmas Island 11919:Japanese invasion of Burma 11683:Italian invasion of Greece 11599:German invasion of Belgium 11571:German invasion of Denmark 11544:1939–1940 Winter Offensive 11413:Second Italo-Ethiopian War 9670:Comparative military ranks 9400:Polish Armoured Units 1939 9320:December 23, 2018, at the 9284:November 20, 2023, at the 9119:"Kampania Wrześniowa 1939" 9038:A History of World War Two 8815:; Knox, Katharine (1999). 8164:Huiskamp, Florian (2015). 7013:. London: Mellville Press. 6976:Henryk Piątkowski (1943). 5843:. Vita-Oblik. p. 88. 5025: 4817:Japanese invasion of China 4771: 4612: 4487: 4279: 4042:pre-dreadnought battleship 3897:Second World War in Europe 3731:, and directed by General 3729:chief of the general staff 3705: 3448: 3410:forces consisted of 1,180 3325: 3321: 3306: 3267:to Britain, executing the 3056:system, be built in order 2780:Second Italo-Ethiopian War 2423: 2414:Polish government-in-exile 1714:Soviet invasion of Poland 18: 14142: 14104: 14050:Soviet invasion of Poland 14037: 14006: 13958: 13925: 13833: 13810: 13771: 13758:Białystok Ghetto uprising 13743: 13703: 13694: 13629: 13588:French invasion of Russia 13534: 13447: 13376: 13289: 13269:Northern War of 1655–1660 13196: 13187: 13123: 13051: 13042: 13005: 12945: 12936: 12898: 12854: 12848:Polish wars and conflicts 12776: 12608:Bratislava–Brno offensive 12548: 12539:Dutch famine of 1944–1945 12276: 12163:Allied invasion of Sicily 12117: 12023:Aleutian Islands campaign 11995:Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign 11942: 11933:Greek famine of 1941–1944 11828:Second Battle of Changsha 11733:German invasion of Greece 11701: 11578:Battle of Zaoyang–Yichang 11553: 11491: 11386: 11267: 10993: 10903: 10744: 10447: 10438: 10196: 10021: 9913:North and Central Pacific 9874: 9636: 9629: 9556: 9458:Polish forces in the West 9367:February 4, 2024, at the 9354:December 6, 2023, at the 9332:December 1, 2023, at the 9272:October 20, 2023, at the 9248:German invasion of Poland 9101:The Polish Army 1939–1945 9041:. London: Octopus Books. 8728:Hahn, Fritz (1986–1987). 8306:Księga kawalerii polskiej 8254:"Poland 1939 (Fall Weiß) 7822:, 2011, pp. 62, 67, 76–80 7761:Междубурье. Воспоминания. 7743:Leszek Moczulski (2009). 7383:– via Google Books. 7310:10.1080/09668139208411994 7253:Kampania polska 1939 roku 7111:. Bloomsbury Publishing. 6963:Wojna Obronna Polski 1939 6128:Rothwell, Victor (2001). 5933:Gushee, David P. (2013). 5706:Wojna Obronna Polski 1939 5507:wojna obronna Polski 1939 5358:Slovak invasion of Poland 5150:It is often assumed that 4968:Battle of Węgierska Górka 4875:. The invasion decimated 4806:), and another 20,000 to 4360:Korpus Ochrony Pogranicza 4282:Soviet invasion of Poland 4176:Polish infantry in attack 3682:to join with the British 3481:Central Industrial Region 3444: 3317:Slovak invasion of Poland 3159:'Death's Head' formations 2709:Defense of the Great Wall 2691:Pacification of Manchukuo 2309:withdrew to the southeast 2224:beginning of World War II 1816: 1722: 1655:Slovak invasion of Poland 1648:Soviet invasion of Poland 1321: 1110: 952: 664: 283: 212: 90: 57: 49: 44: 25:Slovak invasion of Poland 21:Soviet invasion of Poland 13998:Gestapo–NKVD conferences 13676:Second Silesian Uprising 12993:1156 war against Germany 12990:1146 war against Germany 12200:Allied invasion of Italy 12177:Solomon Islands campaign 11926:Third Battle of Changsha 11523:First Battle of Changsha 11429:Second Sino-Japanese War 10362:German military brothels 10228:United States war crimes 8686:Forczyk, Robert (2019). 8589:Corum, James S. (2013). 8570:Cooper, Matthew (1978). 8080:Dr. Jan Moor-Jankowski, 7990:Welch, David A. (1995). 7886:Snyder, Timothy (2012). 7602:, pp. 114, 159–161. 7507:Peter David Orr (2005), 7078:Poland's Navy, 1918–1945 6961:collective work (1979). 6007:Kitchen, Martin (1990). 5639:11 December 2013 at the 5343: 5307:The Black Book of Poland 5257:Gestapo–NKVD conferences 5223:The Polish Campaign 1939 5194:French campaigns in 1870 5036:on 1 September 1939 the 5034:Battle of Tuchola Forest 5020:anti-tank rifle (Wz. 35) 4959:From Lemberg to Bordeaux 4782:Polish Underground State 4420:an intense 16-day battle 4373:Józef Olszyna-Wilczyński 3940:with the support of the 3808:, attacking from German 2828:Second Sino-Japanese War 2792:Arab revolt in Palestine 2739:Inner Mongolian Campaign 2640:Second Italo-Senussi War 2450:and Austria, and create 2430:On 30 January 1933, the 2406:Polish Underground State 2402:resistance organizations 1982:pre-war border conflicts 14091:Northern Sea Route Raid 13971:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact 13875:Military aid to Ukraine 13686:Third Silesian Uprising 13654:First Silesian Uprising 13649:Polish–Czechoslovak War 13418:Battle of Chocim (1673) 13396:Battle of Chocim (1621) 12622:Second Guangxi campaign 12477:Philippines (1944–1945) 11981:Battle of the Coral Sea 11884:Fall of the Philippines 11530:Battle of South Guangxi 11436:Battles of Khalkhin Gol 10835:Italian Social Republic 9472:War propaganda newsreel 9463:8 February 2016 at the 9296:March 18, 2018, at the 9236:8 November 2012 at the 8667:Studies in Intelligence 8617:Chodakiewicz, Marek Jan 7785:Raack, Richard (1995). 7105:Robert Forczyk (2019). 6895:Stephan Janzyk (2017). 6504:, New York, 1978, ch. 2 6013:. Longman. p. 74. 5468:Polish Campaign of 1939 5406:Überfall auf Polen 1939 5200:John Ellis, writing in 4704:, and Hitler appointed 4661:, commanded by general 4436:held until 19 September 4422:. Some isolated Polish 4305:Battles of Khalkhin Gol 4252:alone dropped 388 4242:anti-aircraft batteries 4184:(the Polish Corridor), 3832:and to turn the Poles' 3733:Walther von Brauchitsch 3646:360° Gundlach periscope 3602:Morane-Saulnier M.S.406 3210:reconnaissance aircraft 3143:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact 3069:with the United Kingdom 2958:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact 2952:Battles of Khalkhin Gol 2257:wojna obronna 1939 roku 2243:under the terms of the 2228:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact 14185:World War II invasions 13753:Warsaw Ghetto Uprising 13696:World War II in Poland 13356:Zebrzydowski rebellion 13339:Moldavian Magnate Wars 13306:Siege of Danzig (1577) 12207:Armistice of Cassibile 12009:Battle of Dutch Harbor 11960:Battle of the Java Sea 11863:Attack on Pearl Harbor 11763:Syria–Lebanon campaign 11756:Battle of South Shanxi 11726:Invasion of Yugoslavia 11509:Battle of the Atlantic 11123:Korean Liberation Army 10829:(until September 1943) 10786:(until September 1944) 10764:(until September 1944) 9393:April 4, 2024, at the 9380:April 4, 2024, at the 9308:April 7, 2024, at the 9099:Zaloga, Steve (1982). 8774:Jentz, Thomas (1996). 8351:The Air War: 1939–1945 7848:Sudoł, Tomasz (2011). 7510:Peace at Daggers Drawn 7189:Ohler, Norman (2017). 7074:Peszke, Michael Alfred 6217:Cite journal requires 6098:Majer, Diemut (2003). 5882:encyclopedia.ushmm.org 5754:. 1941. Archived from 5302:Siege of Warsaw (1939) 5183: 5113: 5070: 5023: 4945: 4863: 4857: 4843: 4791: 4770: 4757:Gebirgsjägerregimenter 4736: 4632: 4601:during the invasion.) 4452: 4395: 4295: 4216:, took place near the 4177: 4106: 4033: 3994: 3912: 3720: 3633: 3565: 3473:Second Polish Republic 3464: 3239:Joachim von Ribbentrop 3220: 3163: 3146: 3132: 2626:Occupation of the Ruhr 2608:Franco-Polish alliance 2494:The population of the 2426:Causes of World War II 2269: 2256: 2252: 2237:Soviets invaded Poland 284:Commanders and leaders 161:declare war on Germany 14195:September 1939 events 14128:Falsifiers of History 13966:Relations before 1941 13858:2003 invasion of Iraq 13786:Operation Ostra Brama 13681:Polish–Lithuanian War 13495:Battle of Berestechko 13223:War against Sigismund 12997:Galicia–Volhynia Wars 12371:Second Battle of Guam 12267:Bengal famine of 1943 12237:Second Battle of Kiev 12193:Battle of the Dnieper 11898:Battle of Wake Island 11770:East African campaign 11712:Battle of South Henan 11357:atrocities by Germans 11130:Korean Volunteer Army 10104:Occupation of Germany 9858:Music in World War II 9439:May 20, 2024, at the 9405:30 April 2008 at the 9254:May 11, 2009, at the 8965:Rossino, Alexander B. 8751:Hooton, E.R. (2007). 8711:Naval Institute Press 8533:. Fawcett Columbine. 8502:(19 September 2004). 8390:Bekker, Cajus (1964) 8278:Steve Zaloga (2004). 7612:Gmyz, Cezary (2007). 7573:Rossino, Alexander B. 6731:Michael Alfred Peszke 6711:Michael Alfred Peszke 5839:Bunich, Igor (1994). 5418:vtorshenie v Polshshu 5221:Zaloga and Madej, in 5164: 5108: 5065: 5013: 4972:Franz Eher Nachfolger 4943: 4858: 4848: 4841: 4789: 4772:Further information: 4765: 4734: 4630: 4447: 4406:were crippled at the 4389: 4289: 4280:Further information: 4175: 4120:Walther von Reichenau 4104: 4068:Field Army "Bernolák" 4031: 3989: 3929:territorial integrity 3921:Eastern Upper Silesia 3910: 3718: 3627: 3559: 3485:National Defence Fund 3462: 3390:some other historians 3218: 3155: 3137: 3127: 3052:roadway, part of the 2862:Battle of Lake Khasan 2775:December 9th Movement 2575:Polish–Lithuanian War 2385:into its constituent 2297:Germany–Poland border 2200:War of Poland of 1939 1907:Yugoslavian Partisans 1619:1st Tomaszów Lubelski 1567:2nd Tomaszów Lubelski 1111:Casualties and losses 68:bombers over Poland; 14112:Operation Barbarossa 13988:Population transfers 13639:Polish–Ukrainian War 13490:Khmelnytsky Uprising 13053:Polish–Teutonic wars 12862:Early modern warfare 12657:Surrender of Germany 12135:Battle of West Hubei 12092:Guadalcanal campaign 12062:Battle of Stalingrad 11988:Battle of Madagascar 10755:Albania protectorate 10542:(formerly Swaziland) 10251:Wehrmacht war crimes 10067:Expulsion of Germans 9851:Art and World War II 9749:British contribution 9698:Governments in exile 9451:26 June 2012 at the 9131:on 27 September 2005 8919:Prazmowska, Anita J. 8854:. Hippocrene Books. 8821:. London; New York: 8778:. Atglen: Schiffer. 8660:Fischer, Benjamin B. 8638:Ellis, John (1999). 8500:Baliszewski, Dariusz 8474:Baliszewski, Dariusz 8440:Ellis, John (1999). 8052:(IPN) Warszawa 2009 7773:Memoirs of a Soldier 7415:6 March 2008 at the 7354:Goldman pp. 163, 164 7176:The Gettysburg Times 6876:. My country? Europe 6721:43 (Feb 1979): 18–24 6500:Seidner, Stanley S. 6397:on 27 September 2011 6324:on 27 September 2007 5878:"German-Soviet Pact" 5476:kampania polska 1939 5156:The Second World War 4987:black-and-white film 4673:). Hitler appointed 4575:Operation Tannenberg 4390:Red Army enters the 4114:was approaching the 4063:Battle of the Border 3870:units from Slovakia. 3838:Walter von Reichenau 3741:German ground forces 3614:Supermarine Spitfire 3517:were used as mobile 3469:Partitions of Poland 3354:operational doctrine 3171:spheres of influence 2910:Slovak–Hungarian War 2557:Treaty of Versailles 2516:Treaty of Versailles 2299:to more established 2190:, also known as the 1662:Operation Tannenberg 1325:Battle of the Border 656:Stefan Dąb-Biernacki 596:Władysław Bortnowski 371:Walter von Reichenau 14200:October 1939 events 14190:Invasions of Poland 13933:Anti-Comintern Pact 13736:during World War II 13522:Kościuszko Uprising 13486:1644 Tatar Invasion 13460:Fedorovych uprising 13451:1624 Tatar Invasion 13378:Polish–Ottoman wars 13330:1593 Tatar Invasion 13322:1589 Tatar Invasion 13299:Battle of Lubieszów 13228:Battle of Stångebro 13198:Polish–Swedish wars 13105:Thirteen Years' War 12975:Miecław's Rebellion 12950:Polish–Veletian War 12887:Polish Armed Forces 12855:General and related 12747:Potsdam Declaration 12636:Italy (Spring 1945) 12399:Liberation of Paris 11856:Siege of Sevastopol 10867:(until August 1944) 10770:Wang Jingwei regime 10592:from September 1943 10552:from September 1944 10490:from September 1944 10350:Romanian war crimes 10341:Persecution of Jews 10327:Croatian war crimes 10297:Japanese war crimes 10111:Occupation of Japan 10060:First Indochina War 9772:Military production 9684:Declarations of war 9478:Advance into Poland 9421:, 24 September 2008 8941:Piotrowski, Tadeusz 8623:. Lexington Books. 8608:10.35467/sdq/103158 8476:(10 October 2004). 8348:Overy, Richard J., 8338:Google Print, p. 50 8087:16 May 2016 at the 7708:, pp. ix, 1–5. 7692:12 May 2019 at the 7682:Tomasz Chinciński, 6240:The new nationalism 5986:(weekly), 38/2004. 5597:Briand-Kellogg Pact 5441:kampania wrześniowa 5190:Frederick the Great 5186:Vernichtungsgedanke 5178:Vernichtungsgedanke 5050:Corriere della Sera 4953:Eyewitness accounts 4886:extermination camps 4710:Arthur Seyß-Inquart 4468:Franciszek Kleeberg 3957:Romanian Bridgehead 3903:Polish defence plan 3818:Johannes Blaskowitz 3786:Bohemia and Moravia 3498:Experiences in the 3271:. On the same day, 3263:sent its destroyer 3192:railway station in 3080:Neville Chamberlain 2942:Apr.–Aug. 1939 2924:Mar.–Aug. 1939 2918:Mar.–Apr. 1939 2864:July–Aug. 1938 2810:Anti-Comintern Pact 2697:January 28 incident 2496:Free City of Danzig 2472:Anti-Comintern Pact 2438:, came to power in 2434:, under its leader 2381:. The Soviet Union 2375:Free City of Danzig 2352:sphere of influence 2313:Romanian Bridgehead 2305:Battle of the Bzura 2253:kampania wrześniowa 2222:, which marked the 1465:Tomaszów Mazowiecki 821:Front Cavalry Group 745:Field Army Bernolák 583:Emil Przedrzymirski 359:Johannes Blaskowitz 125:Free City of Danzig 14170:Invasion of Poland 14045:Invasion of Poland 14014:Economic relations 13863:Occupation of Iraq 13843:War in Afghanistan 13720:Invasion of Poland 13615:fighting in Poland 13536:Poland partitioned 13482:Ostryanyn uprising 13334:Nalyvaiko Uprising 13281:Great Northern War 13245:Battle of Kircholm 13138:Battle of Grotniki 13110:War of the Priests 13083:Battle of Grunwald 12740:Surrender of Japan 12573:Battle of Iwo Jima 12422:Belgrade offensive 11835:Siege of Leningrad 11719:Battle of Shanggao 11648:British Somaliland 11613:Dunkirk evacuation 11564:Norwegian campaign 11502:Invasion of Poland 11329:Japanese prisoners 10290:Italian war crimes 10221:British war crimes 10136:Soviet occupations 9920:South-West Pacific 9807:Allied cooperation 9765:Military equipment 9433:Invasion of Poland 9350:1 September 1939. 8903:The New York Times 8887:Moorhouse, Roger. 8486:(in Polish) (1141) 8067:2012-03-23 at the 7365:Tadeusz Piotrowski 7275:E.R. Hooton, p. 91 7134:E.R. Hooton, p. 87 6986:on 9 February 2008 6834:. 3 February 2014. 6747:Google Print, p. 2 6383:Indiana University 6270:The New York Times 5811:(Krivosheev G.F., 5758:on 7 February 2009 5752:The New York Times 5726:The Canberra Times 5565:), one minelayer ( 5414:вторжение в Польшу 5114: 5028:Charge at Krojanty 5024: 4993:are stored in the 4946: 4844: 4792: 4737: 4698:Gerd von Rundstedt 4633: 4440:Hel Fortified Area 4396: 4296: 4178: 4107: 4046:Schleswig-Holstein 4034: 3995: 3980:double envelopment 3959:could be created. 3913: 3847:. Colonel General 3806:Gerd von Rundstedt 3745:declaration of war 3737:commander in chief 3721: 3634: 3566: 3534:Lotnictwo Wojskowe 3465: 3406:and strafing. The 3382:Basil Liddell Hart 3276:Edward Rydz-Śmigły 3259:On 30 August, the 3221: 3198:Jabłonków incident 3147: 3139:Vyacheslav Molotov 3104:Breakdown of talks 3020:that followed the 3011:Verteidigungskrieg 2964:Invasion of Poland 2954:May–Sep. 1939 2886:First Vienna Award 2763:He–Umezu Agreement 2530:German nationalism 2379:General Government 2208:Republic of Poland 2192:September Campaign 2188:invasion of Poland 2109:French West Africa 1950:South West Pacific 1858:Denmark and Norway 1313:Invasion of Poland 1265:132 tanks and cars 569:Wacław Stachiewicz 555:Edward Rydz-Śmigły 322:Gerd von Rundstedt 186:annexed by Germany 71:Schleswig-Holstein 45:Invasion of Poland 33:Polish–German Wars 14180:Conflicts in 1939 14157: 14156: 13945:Spanish Civil War 13939:Jewish Bolshevism 13885: 13884: 13820:Racibórz Conflict 13812:People's Republic 13806: 13805: 13781:Operation Tempest 13659:Polish–Soviet War 13600:November Uprising 13576:Austro-Polish War 13564:Prussian campaign 13530: 13529: 13425:Great Turkish War 13366:Battle of Humenné 13361:Thirty Years' War 13349:Battle of Kłuszyn 13326:Kosiński uprising 13316:Battle of Byczyna 13183: 13182: 13095:Gollub War (1422) 13090:Hunger War (1414) 13038: 13037: 13028:Battle of Legnica 12979:1072 war against 12955:Battle of Cedynia 12814: 12813: 12772: 12771: 12615:Battle of Okinawa 12514:Burma (1944–1945) 12348:Mariana and Palau 12128:Tunisian campaign 11953:Fall of Singapore 11877:Fall of Hong Kong 11620:Battle of Britain 11473:Operation Himmler 11382: 11381: 11046:Dutch East Indies 10682:Southern Rhodesia 10434: 10433: 10334:Genocide of Serbs 10237:German war crimes 10214:Soviet war crimes 10207:Allied war crimes 10053:Division of Korea 10032:Chinese Civil War 9830:Strategic bombing 9742:Manhattan Project 9057:Weinberg, Gerhard 8982:978-0-7006-1234-5 8848:Lukas, Richard C. 8562:978-1-86227-117-3 7899:978-0-465-03297-6 7860:. 8–9 (129–130). 7668:Piotrowski (1998) 7474:, pp. 20–24) 7448:Piotrowski (1998) 7394:Piotrowski (1998) 6832:"PZL P.11G Kobuz" 6572:, pp. 90–91. 6518:Heinrich Fraenkel 6387:"Chronology 1939" 6073:The Polish Review 6043:, pp. 20–24. 5966:on 5 August 2019. 5944:978-0-8028-4420-0 5921:Piotrowski (1998) 5807:Кривошеев Г. Ф., 5728:. 13 October 1939 5634:The 1939 Campaign 5492:wojna polska 1939 5426:invázia do Poľska 5416:, transcription: 5136:Henryk Dobrzański 4913:Soviet occupation 4907:According to the 4895:Intelligenzaktion 4749:Semyon Krivoshein 4725:Reichsstatthalter 4521:bombing of Warsaw 4340:Riga Peace Treaty 4112:Georg von Küchler 3857:Günther von Kluge 3853:Georg von Küchler 3551:Battle of Britain 3500:Polish–Soviet War 3435:Spanish Civil War 3338:(army) had 3,472 3297:Operation Himmler 3281:Gleiwitz incident 3273:Marshal of Poland 3252:ordered military 3084:Foreign Secretary 3066:military alliance 3003: 3002: 2798:Spanish Civil War 2733:Italo-Soviet Pact 2703:Geneva Conference 2602:Treaty of Rapallo 2596:Treaty of Trianon 2569:Polish–Soviet War 2277:Gleiwitz incident 2181: 2180: 2102:Strategic bombing 2018:Mediterranean Sea 1773: 1772: 1678: 1677: 1278: 1277: 1259:~675,000 captured 759:Belorussian Front 644:Kazimierz Fabrycy 424:Semyon Timoshenko 347:Günther von Kluge 335:Georg von Küchler 293:Invading command: 208: 207: 84:bombing of Warsaw 14207: 13926:Prior antagonism 13912: 13905: 13898: 13889: 13888: 13776:Italian Campaign 13745:Ghetto uprisings 13732:, and 13701: 13700: 13664:Battle of Warsaw 13605:January Uprising 13544:Denisko uprising 13477:Pavlyuk uprising 13455:Zhmaylo uprising 13435:Battle of Vienna 13294:Danzig rebellion 13194: 13193: 13071:Battle of Płowce 13049: 13048: 13044:Jagiellon Poland 13006:Mongol invasions 12943: 12942: 12928: 12916: 12907: 12841: 12834: 12827: 12818: 12817: 12807: 12800: 12793: 12790:World portal 12788: 12787: 12763: 12756: 12749: 12742: 12733: 12726: 12719: 12710: 12703: 12696: 12689: 12682: 12675: 12666: 12659: 12652: 12650:Prague offensive 12645: 12643:Battle of Berlin 12638: 12631: 12624: 12617: 12610: 12603: 12596: 12589: 12587:Vienna offensive 12582: 12575: 12568: 12566:Battle of Manila 12561: 12541: 12532: 12523: 12516: 12507: 12500: 12493: 12486: 12479: 12472: 12465: 12456: 12447: 12440: 12431: 12424: 12417: 12410: 12401: 12394: 12387: 12380: 12373: 12366: 12359: 12350: 12343: 12334: 12325: 12316: 12309: 12307:Korsun–Cherkassy 12302: 12291: 12269: 12260: 12253: 12246: 12239: 12232: 12225: 12218: 12209: 12202: 12195: 12188: 12179: 12172: 12165: 12158: 12151: 12149:Bombing of Gorky 12144: 12137: 12130: 12110: 12103: 12094: 12087: 12080: 12071: 12064: 12057: 12050: 12039: 12032: 12025: 12018: 12016:Battle of Midway 12011: 12004: 12002:Battle of Gazala 11997: 11990: 11983: 11976: 11969: 11962: 11955: 11935: 11928: 11921: 11914: 11912:Battle of Borneo 11907: 11905:Malayan campaign 11900: 11893: 11886: 11879: 11872: 11865: 11858: 11851: 11849:Bombing of Gorky 11844: 11842:Battle of Moscow 11837: 11830: 11823: 11816: 11809: 11802: 11786: 11779: 11772: 11765: 11758: 11751: 11742: 11735: 11728: 11721: 11714: 11694: 11685: 11678: 11671: 11664: 11657: 11650: 11643: 11636: 11629: 11622: 11615: 11608: 11606:Battle of France 11601: 11594: 11587: 11580: 11573: 11566: 11546: 11539: 11532: 11525: 11518: 11511: 11504: 11482: 11475: 11468: 11461: 11459:Munich Agreement 11454: 11447: 11438: 11431: 11424: 11415: 11408: 11393: 11392: 11375: 11368: 11359: 11352: 11345: 11344:Soviet prisoners 11338: 11331: 11324: 11315: 11308: 11299: 11292: 11285: 11284:German prisoners 11280: 11260: 11251: 11244: 11237: 11232: 11225: 11218: 11211: 11204: 11197: 11190: 11183: 11176: 11169: 11162: 11155: 11148: 11141: 11132: 11125: 11118: 11111: 11104: 11097: 11090: 11083: 11076: 11069: 11062: 11055: 11048: 11041: 11034: 11027: 11020: 11013: 11006: 10986: 10979: 10972: 10965: 10958: 10951: 10944: 10937: 10930: 10923: 10916: 10896: 10889: 10882: 10875: 10868: 10860: 10853: 10846: 10837: 10830: 10822: 10815: 10813:French Indochina 10808: 10801: 10794: 10787: 10779: 10772: 10765: 10757: 10737: 10728: 10721: 10712: 10705: 10698: 10691: 10684: 10677: 10670: 10663: 10660:from August 1944 10651: 10644: 10637: 10630: 10623: 10616: 10609: 10602: 10595: 10583: 10576: 10569: 10562: 10555: 10543: 10535: 10528: 10521: 10514: 10507: 10500: 10493: 10481: 10474: 10467: 10460: 10445: 10444: 10425: 10418: 10411: 10404: 10397: 10386: 10371: 10364: 10357: 10352: 10343: 10336: 10329: 10320: 10313: 10306: 10304:Nanjing Massacre 10299: 10292: 10283: 10281:Nuremberg trials 10274: 10267: 10260: 10253: 10246: 10239: 10230: 10223: 10216: 10209: 10189: 10182: 10175: 10166: 10159: 10152: 10145: 10138: 10131: 10122: 10113: 10106: 10099: 10092: 10083: 10076: 10069: 10062: 10055: 10048: 10041: 10034: 10014: 10005: 9998: 9991: 9982: 9975: 9968: 9961: 9952: 9945: 9938: 9929: 9922: 9915: 9908: 9901: 9894: 9887: 9885:Asia and Pacific 9867: 9860: 9853: 9846: 9839: 9832: 9825: 9816: 9814:Mulberry harbour 9809: 9802: 9795: 9788: 9781: 9774: 9767: 9760: 9751: 9744: 9737: 9728: 9721: 9714: 9707: 9700: 9693: 9686: 9679: 9672: 9665: 9656: 9649: 9634: 9633: 9622: 9615: 9606: 9599: 9592: 9585: 9578: 9571: 9564: 9543: 9536: 9529: 9520: 9519: 9482:Internet Archive 9220: 9199:Moorhouse, Roger 9194: 9172: 9140: 9138: 9136: 9114: 9095: 9076: 9052: 9031: 9025: 9017: 9008: 8986: 8974: 8960: 8936: 8914: 8912: 8910: 8884: 8865: 8843: 8841: 8839: 8808: 8789: 8770: 8758: 8747: 8724: 8701: 8682: 8680: 8678: 8669:. Archived from 8655: 8634: 8612: 8610: 8585: 8566: 8544: 8525: 8523: 8521: 8495: 8493: 8491: 8478:"Wojna sukcesów" 8458: 8453:Matthew Cooper, 8451: 8445: 8438: 8432: 8427:Matthew Cooper, 8425: 8419: 8413: 8407: 8401: 8395: 8388: 8382: 8381: 8361: 8355: 8346: 8340: 8322: 8316: 8304:Henryk Smaczny, 8302: 8296: 8295: 8275: 8269: 8268: 8266: 8264: 8250: 8244: 8243: 8236: 8230: 8229: 8223: 8219: 8217: 8209: 8190: 8184: 8183: 8177: 8169: 8161: 8155: 8154: 8152: 8150: 8141:. Archived from 8135: 8129: 8114: 8108: 8098: 8092: 8078: 8072: 8043: 8037: 8036: 8034: 8032: 8017: 8008: 8007: 7987: 7981: 7980: 7978: 7976: 7953: 7947: 7944: 7935: 7934: 7922: 7916: 7915: 7913: 7911: 7883: 7877: 7876: 7874: 7872: 7866: 7855: 7845: 7839: 7832: 7823: 7816: 7810: 7809: 7807: 7805: 7782: 7776: 7757: 7751: 7750: 7740: 7734: 7724: 7709: 7703: 7697: 7681: 7677: 7671: 7665: 7659: 7658: 7650: 7644: 7643: 7637: 7629: 7627: 7625: 7609: 7603: 7597: 7591: 7585: 7579: 7570: 7564: 7558: 7552: 7549: 7543: 7540: 7534: 7528: 7522: 7505: 7499: 7493: 7487: 7481: 7475: 7468: 7459: 7445: 7439: 7430: 7426: 7420: 7408: 7405:Sanford, p. 23; 7403: 7397: 7391: 7385: 7384: 7361: 7355: 7352: 7346: 7336: 7330: 7329: 7291: 7285: 7282: 7276: 7273: 7264: 7249: 7243: 7240: 7229: 7228: 7226: 7224: 7201: 7195: 7194: 7186: 7180: 7179: 7168: 7162: 7161: 7148: 7135: 7132: 7123: 7122: 7102: 7096: 7095: 7082:Hippocrene Books 7070: 7061: 7054: 7041: 7035: 7029: 7028: 7022: 7014: 7007:Edward Raczyński 7002: 6996: 6995: 6993: 6991: 6973: 6967: 6966: 6958: 6952: 6946: 6940: 6939: 6919: 6913: 6912: 6892: 6886: 6885: 6883: 6881: 6869: 6860: 6857: 6851: 6845: 6836: 6835: 6828: 6822: 6821: 6819: 6817: 6802: 6796: 6795: 6788: 6782: 6781: 6773: 6767: 6764: 6758: 6755: 6749: 6728: 6722: 6719:Military Affairs 6708: 6702: 6701: 6693: 6687: 6681: 6675: 6669: 6663: 6657: 6651: 6645: 6639: 6633: 6624: 6621: 6615: 6612: 6606: 6603: 6597: 6593:Matthew Cooper, 6591: 6582: 6579: 6573: 6567: 6561: 6555: 6549: 6543: 6537: 6511: 6505: 6498: 6492: 6489: 6483: 6477: 6471: 6465: 6459: 6453: 6447: 6441: 6435: 6428: 6419: 6413: 6407: 6406: 6404: 6402: 6379: 6373: 6372: 6365: 6359: 6358: 6356: 6354: 6343: 6334: 6333: 6331: 6329: 6314: 6308: 6305: 6299: 6296: 6290: 6287: 6281: 6280: 6278: 6276: 6262: 6256: 6254: 6234: 6228: 6226: 6220: 6215: 6213: 6205: 6201: 6195: 6192: 6186: 6183: 6177: 6175: 6155: 6146: 6145: 6125: 6116: 6115: 6095: 6089: 6088: 6068: 6062: 6061: 6050: 6044: 6038: 6032: 6031: 6029: 6027: 6004: 5995: 5974: 5968: 5967: 5962:. Archived from 5955: 5949: 5948: 5930: 5924: 5918: 5909: 5902: 5896: 5895: 5890: 5888: 5874: 5868: 5861: 5855: 5854: 5836: 5827: 5826: 5805: 5796: 5793: 5787: 5783:Kamil Cywinski, 5781: 5768: 5767: 5765: 5763: 5744: 5738: 5737: 5735: 5733: 5718: 5709: 5703: 5694: 5692: 5688: 5677: 5674: 5668: 5662: 5656: 5655:ER Hooton, p. 85 5653: 5647: 5630: 5610: 5606: 5600: 5589: 5583: 5579: 5573: 5555: 5549: 5545: 5539: 5535: 5529: 5521: 5509: 5500: 5494: 5485: 5479: 5466:; also known as 5449: 5443: 5434: 5428: 5399: 5393: 5390: 5381: 5378: 5372: 5366: 5360: 5354: 5338:Western betrayal 5277:Oder–Neisse line 5170: 5119:Battle of France 5082:Polish Air Force 5076:Polish Air Force 5046:Indro Montanelli 4819:in 1937 and the 4656: 4579:ethnic cleansing 4577:, a campaign of 4530:and the regular 4369:prisoners of war 4365:Battle of Grodno 4250:Stukageschwaders 4055:including Wieluń 3938:counteroffensive 3758:panzergrenadiers 3564:fighter aircraft 3530:Polish Air Force 3519:mounted infantry 3344:Replacement Army 3243:Nevile Henderson 3062:balance of power 3050:extraterritorial 3022:Munich Agreement 2995: 2988: 2981: 2880:Munich Agreement 2816:Suiyuan campaign 2664:Great Depression 2652:Locarno Treaties 2539: 2538: 2371:directly annexed 2264: 2168:French Indochina 1811: 1800: 1793: 1786: 1777: 1776: 1717: 1715: 1705: 1698: 1691: 1682: 1681: 1316: 1314: 1304: 1297: 1290: 1281: 1280: 1270: 1264: 1258: 1252: 1246: 1225: 1220:5,327 casualties 1219: 1212: 1206: 1194: 1188: 1182: 1176: 1170:Slovak Republic: 1165: 1159: 1153: 1147: 1141: 1135: 1102: 1093: 1087: 1081: 1075: 1069: 1048: 1042: 1036: 1030: 1024: 1012: 1006:Slovak Republic: 1001: 995: 989: 983: 977: 945: 941: 940: 939: 928: 927: 926: 916: 915: 914: 904: 903: 902: 892: 891: 890: 880: 879: 878: 868: 867: 866: 856: 855: 854: 844: 843: 842: 797: 796: 795: 756: 755: 754: 743: 742: 741: 719: 716:Army Group South 713: 712: 711: 691: 688:Army Group North 685: 684: 683: 673:Invading armies: 654: 653: 652: 642: 641: 640: 630: 629: 628: 618: 617: 616: 608:Tadeusz Kutrzeba 606: 605: 604: 594: 593: 592: 585: 581: 580: 579: 566: 565: 564: 552: 551: 550: 541: 527: 526: 525: 515: 514: 513: 503: 502: 501: 491: 490: 489: 479: 478: 477: 467: 466: 465: 458: 450:Nikifor Medvedev 448: 447: 446: 438:Vasily Kuznetsov 436: 435: 434: 427: 421: 420: 419: 406: 405: 404: 395:Ferdinand Čatloš 393: 392: 391: 381: 380: 379: 369: 368: 367: 357: 356: 355: 345: 344: 343: 333: 332: 331: 319: 318: 317: 305: 304: 303: 294: 278: 274: 272: 271: 262: 257: 255: 254: 244: 242: 241: 234: 230: 228: 227: 194: 180: 107: 100:1 September 1939 92: 91: 62: 42: 41: 14215: 14214: 14210: 14209: 14208: 14206: 14205: 14204: 14160: 14159: 14158: 14153: 14138: 14100: 14033: 14002: 13954: 13921: 13916: 13886: 13881: 13829: 13802: 13796:Warsaw Uprising 13767: 13739: 13690: 13631:Second Republic 13625: 13549:Napoleonic Wars 13526: 13443: 13372: 13285: 13179: 13165:Battle of Orsha 13148:Battle of Varna 13119: 13034: 13001: 12986:Siege of Głogów 12932: 12931: 12920: 12896: 12850: 12845: 12815: 12810: 12803: 12796: 12782: 12780: 12768: 12759: 12752: 12745: 12738: 12729: 12722: 12715: 12706: 12701:Atomic bombings 12699: 12692: 12685: 12678: 12671: 12662: 12655: 12648: 12641: 12634: 12627: 12620: 12613: 12606: 12599: 12592: 12585: 12578: 12571: 12564: 12557: 12544: 12537: 12526: 12519: 12512: 12503: 12496: 12489: 12482: 12475: 12468: 12459: 12450: 12443: 12434: 12427: 12420: 12413: 12404: 12397: 12392:Eastern Romania 12390: 12385:Warsaw Uprising 12383: 12378:Tannenberg Line 12376: 12369: 12364:Western Ukraine 12362: 12353: 12346: 12337: 12328: 12319: 12312: 12305: 12294: 12285: 12272: 12265: 12256: 12249: 12242: 12235: 12228: 12221: 12214: 12205: 12198: 12191: 12182: 12175: 12168: 12161: 12156:Battle of Kursk 12154: 12147: 12140: 12133: 12126: 12113: 12106: 12097: 12090: 12083: 12074: 12067: 12060: 12053: 12044: 12035: 12028: 12021: 12014: 12007: 12000: 11993: 11986: 11979: 11972: 11967:St Nazaire Raid 11965: 11958: 11951: 11938: 11931: 11924: 11917: 11910: 11903: 11896: 11889: 11882: 11875: 11868: 11861: 11854: 11847: 11840: 11833: 11826: 11819: 11812: 11805: 11791: 11782: 11775: 11768: 11761: 11754: 11749:Anglo-Iraqi War 11747: 11740:Battle of Crete 11738: 11731: 11724: 11717: 11710: 11697: 11688: 11681: 11674: 11669:Eastern Romania 11667: 11660: 11653: 11646: 11639: 11632: 11625: 11618: 11611: 11604: 11597: 11590: 11583: 11576: 11569: 11562: 11549: 11542: 11535: 11528: 11521: 11514: 11507: 11500: 11487: 11478: 11471: 11464: 11457: 11450: 11443: 11434: 11427: 11420: 11411: 11404: 11378: 11371: 11364: 11355: 11348: 11343: 11334: 11327: 11320: 11311: 11304: 11295: 11288: 11283: 11276: 11263: 11256: 11247: 11240: 11235: 11230:Western Ukraine 11228: 11221: 11214: 11207: 11200: 11193: 11186: 11179: 11174:Northeast China 11172: 11165: 11158: 11151: 11144: 11137: 11128: 11121: 11114: 11107: 11100: 11093: 11086: 11079: 11072: 11065: 11058: 11051: 11044: 11037: 11030: 11023: 11016: 11009: 11002: 10989: 10982: 10975: 10968: 10961: 10954: 10947: 10940: 10933: 10926: 10919: 10912: 10899: 10892: 10885: 10878: 10873:Slovak Republic 10871: 10863: 10856: 10849: 10844:Empire of Japan 10842: 10833: 10825: 10818: 10811: 10804: 10797: 10790: 10782: 10775: 10768: 10760: 10753: 10740: 10733: 10724: 10717: 10708: 10701: 10694: 10687: 10680: 10673: 10666: 10654: 10647: 10640: 10633: 10626: 10619: 10612: 10605: 10598: 10586: 10579: 10572: 10565: 10558: 10546: 10538: 10531: 10524: 10517: 10510: 10503: 10496: 10484: 10477: 10470: 10463: 10456: 10430: 10421: 10414: 10407: 10400: 10389: 10374: 10367: 10360: 10356:Sexual violence 10355: 10348: 10339: 10332: 10325: 10316: 10309: 10302: 10295: 10288: 10279: 10270: 10263: 10256: 10249: 10242: 10235: 10226: 10219: 10212: 10205: 10192: 10185: 10178: 10171: 10162: 10155: 10148: 10141: 10134: 10125: 10116: 10109: 10102: 10095: 10086: 10079: 10074:Greek Civil War 10072: 10065: 10058: 10051: 10044: 10037: 10030: 10017: 10010: 10001: 9994: 9987: 9978: 9971: 9964: 9957: 9948: 9941: 9934: 9925: 9918: 9911: 9904: 9899:South-East Asia 9897: 9890: 9883: 9870: 9863: 9856: 9849: 9842: 9835: 9828: 9821: 9812: 9805: 9798: 9791: 9784: 9777: 9770: 9763: 9758:Military awards 9756: 9747: 9740: 9733: 9724: 9717: 9710: 9703: 9696: 9689: 9682: 9675: 9668: 9661: 9652: 9645: 9625: 9618: 9611: 9602: 9595: 9588: 9583: 9574: 9567: 9560: 9552: 9547: 9465:Wayback Machine 9453:Wayback Machine 9441:Wayback Machine 9428:Wayback Machine 9407:Wayback Machine 9395:Wayback Machine 9382:Wayback Machine 9369:Wayback Machine 9356:Wayback Machine 9334:Wayback Machine 9322:Wayback Machine 9310:Wayback Machine 9298:Wayback Machine 9286:Wayback Machine 9274:Wayback Machine 9256:Wayback Machine 9238:Wayback Machine 9227: 9217: 9207:The Bodley Head 9191: 9169: 9149: 9147:Further reading 9144: 9143: 9134: 9132: 9117: 9111: 9092: 9073: 9049: 9019: 9018: 9005: 8991:Sanford, George 8983: 8957: 8933: 8908: 8906: 8897: 8881: 8862: 8837: 8835: 8833: 8805: 8786: 8767: 8744: 8721: 8698: 8676: 8674: 8673:on 13 June 2007 8652: 8631: 8582: 8563: 8541: 8519: 8517: 8489: 8487: 8467: 8462: 8461: 8452: 8448: 8439: 8435: 8426: 8422: 8414: 8410: 8402: 8398: 8389: 8385: 8378: 8362: 8358: 8347: 8343: 8323: 8319: 8303: 8299: 8292: 8276: 8272: 8262: 8260: 8252: 8251: 8247: 8238: 8237: 8233: 8221: 8220: 8211: 8210: 8206: 8192: 8191: 8187: 8171: 8170: 8162: 8158: 8148: 8146: 8145:on 4 March 2016 8137: 8136: 8132: 8118:The Polish Gold 8115: 8111: 8099: 8095: 8089:Wayback Machine 8079: 8075: 8069:Wayback Machine 8044: 8040: 8030: 8028: 8027:on 6 April 2012 8019: 8018: 8011: 8004: 7988: 7984: 7974: 7972: 7970: 7959:A World at Arms 7954: 7950: 7945: 7938: 7923: 7919: 7909: 7907: 7900: 7892:. Basic Books. 7884: 7880: 7870: 7868: 7864: 7853: 7846: 7842: 7833: 7826: 7817: 7813: 7803: 7801: 7799: 7783: 7779: 7759:Кривошеин С.М. 7758: 7754: 7741: 7737: 7725: 7712: 7704: 7700: 7694:Wayback Machine 7679: 7678: 7674: 7666: 7662: 7651: 7647: 7631: 7630: 7623: 7621: 7610: 7606: 7598: 7594: 7586: 7582: 7571: 7567: 7559: 7555: 7550: 7546: 7541: 7537: 7529: 7525: 7506: 7502: 7494: 7490: 7482: 7478: 7469: 7462: 7446: 7442: 7428: 7427: 7423: 7417:Wayback Machine 7406: 7404: 7400: 7392: 7388: 7381: 7362: 7358: 7353: 7349: 7337: 7333: 7292: 7288: 7283: 7279: 7274: 7267: 7250: 7246: 7241: 7232: 7222: 7220: 7202: 7198: 7187: 7183: 7170: 7169: 7165: 7149: 7138: 7133: 7126: 7119: 7103: 7099: 7092: 7071: 7064: 7055: 7044: 7036: 7032: 7016: 7015: 7003: 6999: 6989: 6987: 6974: 6970: 6959: 6955: 6947: 6943: 6936: 6920: 6916: 6909: 6893: 6889: 6879: 6877: 6870: 6863: 6858: 6854: 6846: 6839: 6830: 6829: 6825: 6815: 6813: 6803: 6799: 6790: 6789: 6785: 6774: 6770: 6765: 6761: 6756: 6752: 6729: 6725: 6709: 6705: 6694: 6690: 6682: 6678: 6670: 6666: 6658: 6654: 6646: 6642: 6634: 6627: 6622: 6618: 6613: 6609: 6604: 6600: 6592: 6585: 6580: 6576: 6568: 6564: 6556: 6552: 6544: 6540: 6512: 6508: 6499: 6495: 6490: 6486: 6478: 6474: 6466: 6462: 6454: 6450: 6442: 6438: 6429: 6422: 6414: 6410: 6400: 6398: 6380: 6376: 6367: 6366: 6362: 6352: 6350: 6345: 6344: 6337: 6327: 6325: 6316: 6315: 6311: 6306: 6302: 6297: 6293: 6288: 6284: 6274: 6272: 6264: 6263: 6259: 6251: 6235: 6231: 6218: 6216: 6207: 6206: 6203: 6202: 6198: 6193: 6189: 6184: 6180: 6172: 6156: 6149: 6142: 6126: 6119: 6112: 6096: 6092: 6069: 6065: 6052: 6051: 6047: 6039: 6035: 6025: 6023: 6021: 6005: 5998: 5975: 5971: 5956: 5952: 5945: 5931: 5927: 5919: 5912: 5906:Germany 1919–45 5903: 5899: 5886: 5884: 5876: 5875: 5871: 5862: 5858: 5851: 5837: 5830: 5824: 5815:Greenhill 1997 5806: 5799: 5794: 5790: 5782: 5771: 5761: 5759: 5746: 5745: 5741: 5731: 5729: 5720: 5719: 5712: 5704: 5697: 5690: 5689: 5680: 5675: 5671: 5663: 5659: 5654: 5650: 5641:Wayback Machine 5631: 5624: 5619: 5614: 5613: 5607: 5603: 5590: 5586: 5580: 5576: 5556: 5552: 5546: 5542: 5536: 5532: 5522: 5518: 5513: 5512: 5501: 5497: 5486: 5482: 5456:kampania polska 5450: 5446: 5435: 5431: 5400: 5396: 5391: 5384: 5379: 5375: 5367: 5363: 5355: 5351: 5346: 5248: 5168: 5148: 5110:Polish soldiers 5103: 5078: 5030: 5008: 5003: 4955: 4872:Generalplan Ost 4784: 4650: 4625: 4611: 4500:Nazi propaganda 4492: 4486: 4484:Civilian deaths 4456:Battle of Szack 4416:Modlin Fortress 4292:Soviet invasion 4284: 4278: 4276:Soviet invasion 4265:Ignacy Mościcki 4214:Battle of Bzura 4199:put under siege 4091:air superiority 4026: 4024:German invasion 3905: 3861:Polish Corridor 3836:flank. General 3763:localized parts 3713: 3708: 3696:merchant marine 3688:Operation Worek 3547:PZL.50 Jastrząb 3463:Polish Infantry 3457: 3447: 3423:Heinkel He 111s 3370:, particularly 3330: 3324: 3319: 3305: 3303:Opposing forces 3106: 2999: 2970: 2969: 2830: 1937–1945 2800: 1936–1939 2794: 1936–1939 2782: 1935–1936 2741: 1933–1936 2705: 1932–1934 2693: 1931–1942 2680: 2679: 2670: 2669: 2642: 1923–1932 2628: 1923–1925 2591: 2590: 2581: 2580: 2577: 1919–1920 2571: 1919–1920 2552: 2551: 2534:German minority 2508:Polish Corridor 2444:Weimar Republic 2428: 2422: 2281:Slovak military 2260: 2216:Slovak Republic 2196:Polish Campaign 2184: 2183: 2182: 2177: 2064:Other campaigns 2058:Southern France 1967:Burma and India 1962:South-East Asia 1957:Franco-Thai War 1812: 1806: 1804: 1774: 1769: 1718: 1713: 1711: 1709: 1679: 1674: 1643: 1577:Kampinos Forest 1411:Slovak invasion 1381:Węgierska Górka 1346:Lasy Królewskie 1317: 1312: 1310: 1308: 1274: 1268: 1262: 1256: 1253:133,700 wounded 1250: 1244: 1241: 1229: 1223: 1217: 1210: 1204: 1198: 1192: 1186: 1180: 1174: 1163: 1157: 1151: 1145: 1139: 1133: 1125: 1106: 1100: 1091: 1085: 1079: 1073: 1067: 1064: 1052: 1046: 1040: 1034: 1028: 1022: 1016: 1010: 999: 993: 987: 981: 975: 967: 948: 937: 935: 934: 924: 922: 912: 910: 906:Pomeranian Army 900: 898: 888: 886: 876: 874: 864: 862: 852: 850: 846:Carpathian Army 840: 838: 835: 834: 827: 800:Ukrainian Front 793: 791: 752: 750: 749: 739: 737: 709: 707: 706: 681: 679: 678: 675: 674: 660: 650: 648: 638: 636: 632:Antoni Szylling 626: 624: 614: 612: 602: 600: 590: 588: 577: 575: 574: 562: 560: 548: 546: 543: 542: 540:Polish command: 539: 533: 523: 521: 511: 509: 505:Ivan Sovetnikov 499: 497: 487: 485: 475: 473: 463: 461: 452: 444: 442: 432: 430: 417: 415: 414: 409:Mikhail Kovalev 402: 400: 399: 389: 387: 377: 375: 365: 363: 353: 351: 341: 339: 329: 327: 315: 313: 301: 299: 296: 295: 292: 269: 267: 252: 250: 248: 239: 237: 236: 225: 223: 220: 189: 177: 174: 169: 132: 121:eastern Germany 98: 63: 36: 17: 12: 11: 5: 14213: 14203: 14202: 14197: 14192: 14187: 14182: 14177: 14175:1939 in Poland 14172: 14155: 14154: 14152: 14151: 14143: 14140: 14139: 14137: 14136: 14131: 14124: 14122:Katyń massacre 14119: 14114: 14108: 14106: 14102: 14101: 14099: 14098: 14093: 14085: 14080: 14075: 14070:Naval cruiser 14067: 14062: 14057: 14052: 14047: 14041: 14039: 14035: 14034: 14032: 14031: 14026: 14021: 14016: 14010: 14008: 14004: 14003: 14001: 14000: 13995: 13990: 13985: 13980: 13979: 13978: 13968: 13962: 13960: 13956: 13955: 13953: 13952: 13947: 13942: 13935: 13929: 13927: 13923: 13922: 13915: 13914: 13907: 13900: 13892: 13883: 13882: 13880: 13879: 13878: 13877: 13867: 13866: 13865: 13860: 13850: 13845: 13839: 13837: 13835:Third Republic 13831: 13830: 13828: 13827: 13822: 13816: 13814: 13808: 13807: 13804: 13803: 13801: 13800: 13799: 13798: 13793: 13788: 13778: 13772: 13769: 13768: 13766: 13765: 13760: 13755: 13749: 13747: 13741: 13740: 13738: 13737: 13722: 13717: 13716: 13715: 13704: 13698: 13692: 13691: 13689: 13688: 13683: 13678: 13673: 13672: 13671: 13669:Kiev offensive 13666: 13656: 13651: 13646: 13641: 13635: 13633: 13627: 13626: 13624: 13623: 13622: 13621: 13607: 13602: 13597: 13592: 13591: 13590: 13580: 13579: 13578: 13568: 13567: 13566: 13556: 13554:Peninsular War 13551: 13546: 13540: 13538: 13532: 13531: 13528: 13527: 13525: 13524: 13519: 13514: 13509: 13504: 13499: 13498: 13497: 13487: 13484: 13479: 13474: 13473: 13472: 13462: 13457: 13452: 13448: 13445: 13444: 13442: 13441: 13440: 13439: 13438: 13437: 13422: 13421: 13420: 13410: 13405: 13400: 13399: 13398: 13388: 13382: 13380: 13374: 13373: 13371: 13370: 13369: 13368: 13358: 13353: 13352: 13351: 13341: 13336: 13331: 13328: 13323: 13320: 13319: 13318: 13308: 13303: 13302: 13301: 13290: 13287: 13286: 13284: 13283: 13278: 13277: 13276: 13266: 13265: 13264: 13259: 13254: 13249: 13248: 13247: 13232: 13231: 13230: 13220: 13215: 13214: 13213: 13202: 13200: 13191: 13185: 13184: 13181: 13180: 13178: 13177: 13174: 13169: 13168: 13167: 13157: 13152: 13151: 13150: 13140: 13135: 13130: 13124: 13121: 13120: 13118: 13117: 13112: 13107: 13102: 13097: 13092: 13087: 13086: 13085: 13075: 13074: 13073: 13063: 13057: 13055: 13046: 13040: 13039: 13036: 13035: 13033: 13032: 13031: 13030: 13020: 13015: 13009: 13007: 13003: 13002: 13000: 12999: 12994: 12991: 12988: 12983: 12977: 12972: 12967: 12962: 12957: 12952: 12946: 12940: 12934: 12933: 12930: 12929: 12918: 12917: 12909: 12908: 12900: 12899: 12897: 12895: 12894: 12889: 12884: 12879: 12874: 12869: 12864: 12858: 12856: 12852: 12851: 12844: 12843: 12836: 12829: 12821: 12812: 12811: 12809: 12808: 12801: 12794: 12777: 12774: 12773: 12770: 12769: 12767: 12766: 12765: 12764: 12757: 12750: 12736: 12735: 12734: 12720: 12717:South Sakhalin 12713: 12712: 12711: 12697: 12690: 12683: 12676: 12669: 12668: 12667: 12653: 12646: 12639: 12632: 12625: 12618: 12611: 12604: 12597: 12590: 12583: 12576: 12569: 12562: 12554: 12552: 12546: 12545: 12543: 12542: 12535: 12534: 12533: 12517: 12510: 12509: 12508: 12494: 12487: 12480: 12473: 12466: 12457: 12448: 12441: 12432: 12425: 12418: 12411: 12402: 12395: 12388: 12381: 12374: 12367: 12360: 12351: 12344: 12335: 12326: 12317: 12310: 12303: 12292: 12282: 12280: 12274: 12273: 12271: 12270: 12263: 12262: 12261: 12254: 12240: 12233: 12226: 12219: 12212: 12211: 12210: 12196: 12189: 12180: 12173: 12166: 12159: 12152: 12145: 12142:Battle of Attu 12138: 12131: 12123: 12121: 12115: 12114: 12112: 12111: 12104: 12095: 12088: 12081: 12072: 12065: 12058: 12051: 12042: 12041: 12040: 12033: 12019: 12012: 12005: 11998: 11991: 11984: 11977: 11970: 11963: 11956: 11948: 11946: 11940: 11939: 11937: 11936: 11929: 11922: 11915: 11908: 11901: 11894: 11891:Battle of Guam 11887: 11880: 11873: 11866: 11859: 11852: 11845: 11838: 11831: 11824: 11817: 11814:Battle of Kiev 11810: 11803: 11789: 11788: 11787: 11773: 11766: 11759: 11752: 11745: 11744: 11743: 11729: 11722: 11715: 11707: 11705: 11699: 11698: 11696: 11695: 11686: 11679: 11672: 11665: 11658: 11651: 11644: 11637: 11630: 11623: 11616: 11609: 11602: 11595: 11588: 11581: 11574: 11567: 11559: 11557: 11551: 11550: 11548: 11547: 11540: 11533: 11526: 11519: 11512: 11505: 11497: 11495: 11489: 11488: 11486: 11485: 11484: 11483: 11476: 11469: 11462: 11455: 11441: 11440: 11439: 11432: 11418: 11417: 11416: 11401: 11399: 11390: 11384: 11383: 11380: 11379: 11377: 11376: 11369: 11362: 11361: 11360: 11353: 11341: 11340: 11339: 11325: 11318: 11317: 11316: 11313:United Kingdom 11309: 11302: 11301: 11300: 11281: 11273: 11271: 11265: 11264: 11262: 11261: 11254: 11253: 11252: 11245: 11233: 11226: 11219: 11212: 11205: 11198: 11191: 11184: 11177: 11170: 11163: 11156: 11149: 11142: 11135: 11134: 11133: 11126: 11112: 11105: 11098: 11091: 11084: 11077: 11070: 11063: 11056: 11049: 11042: 11035: 11028: 11021: 11014: 11007: 10999: 10997: 10991: 10990: 10988: 10987: 10980: 10973: 10966: 10959: 10952: 10945: 10938: 10931: 10924: 10917: 10909: 10907: 10901: 10900: 10898: 10897: 10890: 10883: 10876: 10869: 10861: 10854: 10847: 10840: 10839: 10838: 10823: 10816: 10809: 10802: 10795: 10788: 10780: 10773: 10766: 10758: 10750: 10748: 10742: 10741: 10739: 10738: 10731: 10730: 10729: 10715: 10714: 10713: 10710:British Empire 10703:United Kingdom 10699: 10692: 10685: 10678: 10671: 10664: 10652: 10645: 10638: 10631: 10624: 10617: 10610: 10603: 10596: 10584: 10577: 10570: 10563: 10556: 10544: 10536: 10529: 10522: 10519:Czechoslovakia 10515: 10508: 10501: 10494: 10482: 10475: 10468: 10461: 10453: 10451: 10442: 10436: 10435: 10432: 10431: 10429: 10428: 10427: 10426: 10419: 10416:Rape of Manila 10412: 10405: 10398: 10387: 10372: 10365: 10353: 10346: 10345: 10344: 10337: 10323: 10322: 10321: 10314: 10307: 10293: 10286: 10285: 10284: 10277: 10276: 10275: 10268: 10254: 10247: 10233: 10232: 10231: 10224: 10217: 10202: 10200: 10194: 10193: 10191: 10190: 10187:United Nations 10183: 10176: 10169: 10168: 10167: 10160: 10153: 10146: 10132: 10123: 10114: 10107: 10100: 10093: 10084: 10077: 10070: 10063: 10056: 10049: 10046:Decolonization 10042: 10035: 10027: 10025: 10019: 10018: 10016: 10015: 10008: 10007: 10006: 9992: 9985: 9984: 9983: 9976: 9969: 9955: 9954: 9953: 9946: 9932: 9931: 9930: 9923: 9916: 9909: 9902: 9895: 9880: 9878: 9872: 9871: 9869: 9868: 9861: 9854: 9847: 9840: 9833: 9826: 9819: 9818: 9817: 9810: 9796: 9789: 9782: 9775: 9768: 9761: 9754: 9753: 9752: 9738: 9731: 9730: 9729: 9722: 9719:United Kingdom 9715: 9701: 9694: 9687: 9680: 9673: 9666: 9659: 9658: 9657: 9642: 9640: 9631: 9627: 9626: 9624: 9623: 9616: 9609: 9608: 9607: 9600: 9593: 9581: 9580: 9579: 9565: 9557: 9554: 9553: 9546: 9545: 9538: 9531: 9523: 9517: 9516: 9508: 9500: 9469: 9468: 9455: 9443: 9430: 9414: 9409: 9397: 9384: 9371: 9358: 9345: 9336: 9324: 9312: 9300: 9288: 9276: 9264: 9258: 9245: 9226: 9225:External links 9223: 9222: 9221: 9216:978-1847924605 9215: 9195: 9190:978-0691096032 9189: 9173: 9168:978-3596163076 9167: 9148: 9145: 9142: 9141: 9115: 9110:978-0850454178 9109: 9096: 9091:978-1841764085 9090: 9077: 9072:978-0521443173 9071: 9053: 9048:978-0706403992 9047: 9032: 9009: 9004:978-0415338738 9003: 8987: 8981: 8961: 8956:978-0786429134 8955: 8937: 8932:978-0521483858 8931: 8915: 8895: 8885: 8880:978-0801864933 8879: 8866: 8861:978-0781809016 8860: 8844: 8832:978-0714647838 8831: 8809: 8804:978-0892010646 8803: 8790: 8785:978-0887409158 8784: 8771: 8766:978-1903223710 8765: 8748: 8743:978-3763758302 8742: 8725: 8720:978-1591143291 8719: 8702: 8697:978-1472834959 8696: 8683: 8656: 8651:978-0670807734 8650: 8635: 8630:978-0739104842 8629: 8613: 8601:(1): 158–189. 8586: 8581:978-0812824681 8580: 8567: 8561: 8549:Butler, Rupert 8545: 8539: 8526: 8516:on 14 May 2007 8496: 8469: 8468: 8466: 8463: 8460: 8459: 8446: 8433: 8420: 8416:Seidner (1978) 8408: 8396: 8383: 8377:978-0521275019 8376: 8356: 8341: 8317: 8297: 8291:978-0275982782 8290: 8270: 8245: 8240:"Julien Bryan" 8231: 8222:|website= 8204: 8185: 8156: 8130: 8109: 8106:978-8376290676 8093: 8073: 8058:978-8376290676 8038: 8009: 8003:978-0521558686 8002: 7982: 7969:978-0521618267 7968: 7948: 7936: 7917: 7898: 7878: 7840: 7834:Clark, Lloyd, 7824: 7818:Clark, Lloyd, 7811: 7798:978-0804724159 7797: 7777: 7752: 7735: 7710: 7698: 7672: 7670:, p. 301. 7660: 7645: 7604: 7600:Rossino (2003) 7592: 7580: 7565: 7563:, p. 174. 7553: 7544: 7535: 7533:, p. 289. 7531:Seidner (1978) 7523: 7500: 7498:, p. 279. 7496:Seidner (1978) 7488: 7486:, p. 226. 7484:Seidner (1978) 7476: 7460: 7440: 7421: 7398: 7396:, p. 295. 7386: 7380:978-0786403714 7379: 7356: 7347: 7331: 7297:Soviet Studies 7286: 7277: 7265: 7244: 7230: 7196: 7181: 7163: 7136: 7124: 7118:978-1472834942 7117: 7097: 7091:978-0781806725 7090: 7084:. p. 37. 7062: 7042: 7040:, p. 304. 7038:Seidner (1978) 7030: 6997: 6968: 6953: 6949:Seidner (1978) 6941: 6935:978-1417992775 6934: 6914: 6908:978-1473894631 6907: 6887: 6861: 6852: 6850:, p. 122. 6848:Seidner (1978) 6837: 6823: 6797: 6783: 6780:. 3/2009: 103. 6768: 6759: 6750: 6723: 6703: 6688: 6686:, p. 158. 6684:Seidner (1978) 6676: 6674:, p. 135. 6672:Seidner (1978) 6664: 6662:, p. 270. 6660:Seidner (1978) 6652: 6650:, p. 177. 6648:Seidner (1978) 6640: 6638:, p. 162. 6636:Seidner (1978) 6625: 6616: 6607: 6598: 6583: 6574: 6562: 6550: 6538: 6506: 6493: 6484: 6472: 6460: 6448: 6436: 6430:Clark, Lloyd, 6420: 6408: 6374: 6360: 6335: 6309: 6300: 6291: 6282: 6257: 6250:978-0765805508 6249: 6229: 6219:|journal= 6196: 6187: 6178: 6171:978-0631186014 6170: 6147: 6141:978-0719059582 6140: 6117: 6111:978-0801864933 6110: 6090: 6063: 6045: 6041:Sanford (2005) 6033: 6020:978-0582034082 6019: 5996: 5969: 5950: 5943: 5925: 5923:, p. 115. 5910: 5897: 5869: 5856: 5850:978-5859760039 5849: 5828: 5797: 5788: 5769: 5739: 5710: 5695: 5678: 5669: 5657: 5648: 5621: 5620: 5618: 5615: 5612: 5611: 5601: 5584: 5574: 5550: 5540: 5530: 5515: 5514: 5511: 5510: 5495: 5480: 5444: 5429: 5394: 5382: 5373: 5361: 5348: 5347: 5345: 5342: 5341: 5340: 5335: 5330: 5324: 5319: 5314: 5309: 5304: 5299: 5294: 5289: 5284: 5279: 5274: 5269: 5264: 5259: 5254: 5247: 5244: 5147: 5140: 5102: 5099: 5077: 5074: 5007: 5004: 5002: 5001:Misconceptions 4999: 4954: 4951: 4935:Katyn massacre 4882:final solution 4827:they had been 4753:victory parade 4686:Albert Forster 4675:Arthur Greiser 4610: 4607: 4597:, which was a 4584:Einsatzgruppen 4488:Main article: 4485: 4482: 4478:Battle of Kock 4309:Shigenori Tōgō 4277: 4274: 4186:Greater Poland 4025: 4022: 4000:Danish straits 3965:operation plan 3942:Western Allies 3925:separate peace 3904: 3901: 3881: 3880: 3871: 3864: 3849:Fedor von Bock 3841: 3775:Heinz Guderian 3712: 3709: 3707: 3704: 3594:Ludomił Rayski 3580:fighters, 175 3512:Polish cavalry 3504:trench warfare 3446: 3443: 3427:Dornier Do 17s 3404:terror bombing 3323: 3320: 3304: 3301: 3186:Jablunkov Pass 3105: 3102: 3077:Prime Minister 3054:Reichsautobahn 3001: 3000: 2998: 2997: 2990: 2983: 2975: 2972: 2971: 2968: 2967: 2966:Sep. 1939 2961: 2960:Aug. 1939 2955: 2949: 2943: 2937: 2936:Apr. 1939 2931: 2930:Mar. 1939 2925: 2919: 2913: 2912:Mar. 1939 2907: 2906:Mar. 1939 2901: 2900:Mar. 1939 2895: 2894:Mar. 1939 2889: 2888:Nov. 1938 2883: 2882:Sep. 1938 2877: 2876:Sep. 1938 2871: 2870:Aug. 1938 2868:Bled Agreement 2865: 2859: 2853: 2852:Mar. 1938 2847: 2846:Mar. 1938 2841: 2831: 2825: 2822:Xi'an Incident 2819: 2813: 2807: 2801: 2795: 2789: 2783: 2777: 2772: 2766: 2760: 2754: 2748: 2742: 2736: 2730: 2724: 2718: 2715:Battle of Rehe 2712: 2706: 2700: 2694: 2688: 2681: 2677: 2676: 2675: 2672: 2671: 2668: 2667: 2661: 2655: 2649: 2643: 2637: 2629: 2623: 2620:Corfu incident 2617: 2611: 2605: 2599: 2592: 2588: 2587: 2586: 2583: 2582: 2579: 2578: 2572: 2566: 2560: 2553: 2549: 2548: 2547: 2544: 2543: 2424:Main article: 2421: 2418: 2360:Battle of Kock 2344:Eastern Poland 2329:Saar Offensive 2321:United Kingdom 2179: 2178: 2176: 2175: 2170: 2165: 2160: 2155: 2150: 2145: 2140: 2135: 2133:Baltic Nations 2124: 2123: 2122: 2121: 2111: 2106: 2105: 2104: 2094: 2089: 2084: 2079: 2078: 2077: 2061: 2060: 2055: 2050: 2049: 2048: 2043: 2038: 2030: 2025: 2020: 2015: 2014: 2013: 2008: 1992: 1991: 1986: 1985: 1984: 1974: 1969: 1964: 1959: 1954: 1953: 1952: 1942: 1929: 1928: 1927: 1926: 1916: 1911: 1910: 1909: 1899: 1894: 1893: 1892: 1882: 1881: 1880: 1875: 1870: 1860: 1855: 1854: 1853: 1848: 1843: 1833: 1828: 1817: 1814: 1813: 1803: 1802: 1795: 1788: 1780: 1771: 1770: 1768: 1763: 1758: 1753: 1748: 1743: 1738: 1733: 1728: 1723: 1720: 1719: 1708: 1707: 1700: 1693: 1685: 1676: 1675: 1673: 1672: 1665: 1658: 1651: 1642: 1641: 1636: 1631: 1626: 1621: 1616: 1611: 1603:Southern Front 1600: 1599: 1594: 1589: 1584: 1579: 1574: 1569: 1564: 1559: 1554: 1549: 1544: 1539: 1534: 1529: 1521:Northern Front 1518: 1517: 1512: 1507: 1502: 1497: 1492: 1487: 1482: 1477: 1472: 1467: 1459:4–10 September 1456: 1455: 1450: 1445: 1440: 1435: 1430: 1425: 1414: 1413: 1408: 1403: 1398: 1393: 1388: 1386:Tuchola Forest 1383: 1378: 1373: 1368: 1363: 1358: 1353: 1348: 1343: 1338: 1333: 1322: 1319: 1318: 1307: 1306: 1299: 1292: 1284: 1276: 1275: 1273: 1272: 1266: 1260: 1254: 1248: 1240: 1239: 1232: 1230: 1228: 1227: 1221: 1214: 1208: 1202: 1196: 1190: 1184: 1178: 1172: 1167: 1161: 1155: 1149: 1143: 1142:30,300 wounded 1137: 1131: 1124: 1123: 1116: 1113: 1112: 1108: 1107: 1105: 1104: 1098: 1089: 1083: 1077: 1071: 1063: 1062: 1055: 1053: 1051: 1050: 1049:3,300 aircraft 1044: 1038: 1032: 1026: 1020: 1014: 1008: 1003: 1002:2,315 aircraft 997: 991: 985: 979: 973: 966: 965: 958: 955: 954: 950: 949: 947: 946: 932: 920: 908: 896: 884: 872: 860: 848: 833:Polish armies: 832: 831: 830: 828: 826: 825: 824: 823: 818: 813: 808: 789: 788: 787: 782: 777: 775:Dzerzhinsk CMG 772: 767: 747: 736: 735: 730: 725: 704: 703: 702: 697: 672: 671: 670: 667: 666: 665:Units involved 662: 661: 659: 658: 646: 634: 622: 620:Juliusz Rómmel 610: 598: 586: 572: 558: 538: 537: 536: 534: 532: 531: 519: 517:Filipp Golikov 507: 495: 493:Vasily Chuikov 483: 481:Ivan Zakharkin 471: 459: 440: 428: 412: 397: 385: 373: 361: 349: 337: 325: 311: 308:Fedor von Bock 291: 290: 289: 286: 285: 281: 280: 263: 217: 216: 210: 209: 206: 205: 204: 198:Vilnius region 195: 187: 181: 171: 165: 164: 163: 162: 155:United Kingdom 151: 138: 134: 133: 115: 113: 109: 108: 104:6 October 1939 96: 88: 87: 74:attacking the 55: 54: 47: 46: 40: 39: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 14212: 14201: 14198: 14196: 14193: 14191: 14188: 14186: 14183: 14181: 14178: 14176: 14173: 14171: 14168: 14167: 14165: 14150: 14149: 14145: 14144: 14141: 14135: 14132: 14130: 14129: 14125: 14123: 14120: 14118: 14117:Eastern Front 14115: 14113: 14110: 14109: 14107: 14103: 14097: 14094: 14092: 14090: 14086: 14084: 14081: 14079: 14076: 14074: 14073: 14068: 14066: 14063: 14061: 14058: 14056: 14053: 14051: 14048: 14046: 14043: 14042: 14040: 14036: 14030: 14027: 14025: 14022: 14020: 14017: 14015: 14012: 14011: 14009: 14005: 13999: 13996: 13994: 13991: 13989: 13986: 13984: 13981: 13977: 13974: 13973: 13972: 13969: 13967: 13964: 13963: 13961: 13957: 13951: 13948: 13946: 13943: 13940: 13936: 13934: 13931: 13930: 13928: 13924: 13920: 13913: 13908: 13906: 13901: 13899: 13894: 13893: 13890: 13876: 13873: 13872: 13871: 13868: 13864: 13861: 13859: 13856: 13855: 13854: 13851: 13849: 13846: 13844: 13841: 13840: 13838: 13836: 13832: 13826: 13823: 13821: 13818: 13817: 13815: 13813: 13809: 13797: 13794: 13792: 13791:Lwów uprising 13789: 13787: 13784: 13783: 13782: 13779: 13777: 13774: 13773: 13770: 13764: 13761: 13759: 13756: 13754: 13751: 13750: 13748: 13746: 13742: 13735: 13734:contributions 13731: 13727: 13723: 13721: 13718: 13714: 13713:Eastern Front 13711: 13710: 13709: 13706: 13705: 13702: 13699: 13697: 13693: 13687: 13684: 13682: 13679: 13677: 13674: 13670: 13667: 13665: 13662: 13661: 13660: 13657: 13655: 13652: 13650: 13647: 13645: 13642: 13640: 13637: 13636: 13634: 13632: 13628: 13620: 13619:Eastern Front 13616: 13613: 13612: 13611: 13608: 13606: 13603: 13601: 13598: 13596: 13593: 13589: 13586: 13585: 13584: 13581: 13577: 13574: 13573: 13572: 13569: 13565: 13562: 13561: 13560: 13557: 13555: 13552: 13550: 13547: 13545: 13542: 13541: 13539: 13537: 13533: 13523: 13520: 13518: 13515: 13513: 13510: 13508: 13505: 13503: 13500: 13496: 13493: 13492: 13491: 13488: 13485: 13483: 13480: 13478: 13475: 13471: 13468: 13467: 13466: 13463: 13461: 13458: 13456: 13453: 13450: 13449: 13446: 13436: 13433: 13432: 13431: 13428: 13427: 13426: 13423: 13419: 13416: 13415: 13414: 13411: 13409: 13406: 13404: 13401: 13397: 13394: 13393: 13392: 13389: 13387: 13384: 13383: 13381: 13379: 13375: 13367: 13364: 13363: 13362: 13359: 13357: 13354: 13350: 13347: 13346: 13345: 13342: 13340: 13337: 13335: 13332: 13329: 13327: 13324: 13321: 13317: 13314: 13313: 13312: 13309: 13307: 13304: 13300: 13297: 13296: 13295: 13292: 13291: 13288: 13282: 13279: 13275: 13272: 13271: 13270: 13267: 13263: 13260: 13258: 13255: 13253: 13250: 13246: 13243: 13242: 13241: 13238: 13237: 13236: 13233: 13229: 13226: 13225: 13224: 13221: 13219: 13216: 13212: 13209: 13208: 13207: 13204: 13203: 13201: 13199: 13195: 13192: 13190: 13186: 13175: 13173: 13170: 13166: 13163: 13162: 13161: 13158: 13156: 13153: 13149: 13146: 13145: 13144: 13141: 13139: 13136: 13134: 13131: 13129: 13126: 13125: 13122: 13116: 13113: 13111: 13108: 13106: 13103: 13101: 13098: 13096: 13093: 13091: 13088: 13084: 13081: 13080: 13079: 13076: 13072: 13069: 13068: 13067: 13064: 13062: 13059: 13058: 13056: 13054: 13050: 13047: 13045: 13041: 13029: 13026: 13025: 13024: 13021: 13019: 13016: 13014: 13011: 13010: 13008: 13004: 12998: 12995: 12992: 12989: 12987: 12984: 12982: 12978: 12976: 12973: 12971: 12968: 12966: 12963: 12961: 12958: 12956: 12953: 12951: 12948: 12947: 12944: 12941: 12939: 12935: 12927: 12923: 12922: 12921: 12915: 12911: 12910: 12906: 12902: 12901: 12893: 12890: 12888: 12885: 12883: 12880: 12878: 12875: 12873: 12870: 12868: 12865: 12863: 12860: 12859: 12857: 12853: 12849: 12842: 12837: 12835: 12830: 12828: 12823: 12822: 12819: 12806: 12802: 12799: 12795: 12792: 12791: 12786: 12779: 12778: 12775: 12762: 12758: 12755: 12751: 12748: 12744: 12743: 12741: 12737: 12732: 12728: 12727: 12725: 12724:Kuril Islands 12721: 12718: 12714: 12709: 12705: 12704: 12702: 12698: 12695: 12691: 12688: 12684: 12681: 12677: 12674: 12670: 12665: 12661: 12660: 12658: 12654: 12651: 12647: 12644: 12640: 12637: 12633: 12630: 12626: 12623: 12619: 12616: 12612: 12609: 12605: 12602: 12598: 12595: 12591: 12588: 12584: 12581: 12577: 12574: 12570: 12567: 12563: 12560: 12556: 12555: 12553: 12551: 12547: 12540: 12536: 12531: 12530: 12525: 12524: 12522: 12518: 12515: 12511: 12506: 12502: 12501: 12499: 12495: 12492: 12491:Syrmian Front 12488: 12485: 12481: 12478: 12474: 12471: 12467: 12464: 12463: 12458: 12455: 12454: 12449: 12446: 12442: 12439: 12438: 12437:Market Garden 12433: 12430: 12426: 12423: 12419: 12416: 12412: 12409: 12408: 12403: 12400: 12396: 12393: 12389: 12386: 12382: 12379: 12375: 12372: 12368: 12365: 12361: 12358: 12357: 12352: 12349: 12345: 12342: 12341: 12336: 12333: 12332: 12327: 12324: 12323: 12318: 12315: 12311: 12308: 12304: 12301: 12297: 12296:Monte Cassino 12293: 12290: 12289: 12284: 12283: 12281: 12279: 12275: 12268: 12264: 12259: 12255: 12252: 12248: 12247: 12245: 12241: 12238: 12234: 12231: 12227: 12224: 12220: 12217: 12213: 12208: 12204: 12203: 12201: 12197: 12194: 12190: 12187: 12186: 12181: 12178: 12174: 12171: 12167: 12164: 12160: 12157: 12153: 12150: 12146: 12143: 12139: 12136: 12132: 12129: 12125: 12124: 12122: 12120: 12116: 12109: 12105: 12102: 12101: 12096: 12093: 12089: 12086: 12082: 12079: 12078: 12073: 12070: 12066: 12063: 12059: 12056: 12052: 12049: 12048: 12043: 12038: 12034: 12031: 12027: 12026: 12024: 12020: 12017: 12013: 12010: 12006: 12003: 11999: 11996: 11992: 11989: 11985: 11982: 11978: 11975: 11971: 11968: 11964: 11961: 11957: 11954: 11950: 11949: 11947: 11945: 11941: 11934: 11930: 11927: 11923: 11920: 11916: 11913: 11909: 11906: 11902: 11899: 11895: 11892: 11888: 11885: 11881: 11878: 11874: 11871: 11867: 11864: 11860: 11857: 11853: 11850: 11846: 11843: 11839: 11836: 11832: 11829: 11825: 11822: 11818: 11815: 11811: 11808: 11804: 11800: 11799: 11794: 11790: 11785: 11781: 11780: 11778: 11774: 11771: 11767: 11764: 11760: 11757: 11753: 11750: 11746: 11741: 11737: 11736: 11734: 11730: 11727: 11723: 11720: 11716: 11713: 11709: 11708: 11706: 11704: 11700: 11693: 11692: 11687: 11684: 11680: 11677: 11673: 11670: 11666: 11663: 11662:Baltic states 11659: 11656: 11652: 11649: 11645: 11642: 11638: 11635: 11631: 11628: 11624: 11621: 11617: 11614: 11610: 11607: 11603: 11600: 11596: 11593: 11589: 11586: 11582: 11579: 11575: 11572: 11568: 11565: 11561: 11560: 11558: 11556: 11552: 11545: 11541: 11538: 11534: 11531: 11527: 11524: 11520: 11517: 11513: 11510: 11506: 11503: 11499: 11498: 11496: 11494: 11490: 11481: 11477: 11474: 11470: 11467: 11463: 11460: 11456: 11453: 11449: 11448: 11446: 11442: 11437: 11433: 11430: 11426: 11425: 11423: 11419: 11414: 11410: 11409: 11407: 11403: 11402: 11400: 11398: 11394: 11391: 11389: 11385: 11374: 11370: 11367: 11363: 11358: 11354: 11351: 11347: 11346: 11342: 11337: 11333: 11332: 11330: 11326: 11323: 11319: 11314: 11310: 11307: 11306:United States 11303: 11298: 11294: 11293: 11291: 11287: 11286: 11282: 11279: 11275: 11274: 11272: 11270: 11266: 11259: 11255: 11250: 11246: 11243: 11242:Quốc dân Đảng 11239: 11238: 11234: 11231: 11227: 11224: 11220: 11217: 11213: 11210: 11206: 11203: 11199: 11196: 11192: 11189: 11185: 11182: 11178: 11175: 11171: 11168: 11164: 11161: 11157: 11154: 11150: 11147: 11143: 11140: 11136: 11131: 11127: 11124: 11120: 11119: 11117: 11113: 11110: 11106: 11103: 11099: 11096: 11092: 11089: 11085: 11082: 11078: 11075: 11071: 11068: 11064: 11061: 11057: 11054: 11050: 11047: 11043: 11040: 11036: 11033: 11029: 11026: 11022: 11019: 11015: 11012: 11008: 11005: 11001: 11000: 10998: 10996: 10992: 10985: 10981: 10978: 10974: 10971: 10967: 10964: 10960: 10957: 10953: 10950: 10946: 10943: 10942:Liechtenstein 10939: 10936: 10932: 10929: 10925: 10922: 10918: 10915: 10911: 10910: 10908: 10906: 10902: 10895: 10894:Collaboration 10891: 10888: 10884: 10881: 10877: 10874: 10870: 10866: 10862: 10859: 10855: 10852: 10848: 10845: 10841: 10836: 10832: 10831: 10828: 10824: 10821: 10817: 10814: 10810: 10807: 10803: 10800: 10796: 10793: 10789: 10785: 10781: 10778: 10774: 10771: 10767: 10763: 10759: 10756: 10752: 10751: 10749: 10747: 10743: 10736: 10732: 10727: 10723: 10722: 10720: 10719:United States 10716: 10711: 10707: 10706: 10704: 10700: 10697: 10693: 10690: 10686: 10683: 10679: 10676: 10672: 10669: 10665: 10661: 10657: 10653: 10650: 10646: 10643: 10639: 10636: 10632: 10629: 10625: 10622: 10618: 10615: 10611: 10608: 10604: 10601: 10597: 10593: 10589: 10585: 10582: 10578: 10575: 10571: 10568: 10564: 10561: 10557: 10553: 10549: 10545: 10541: 10537: 10534: 10530: 10527: 10523: 10520: 10516: 10513: 10509: 10506: 10502: 10499: 10495: 10491: 10487: 10483: 10480: 10476: 10473: 10469: 10466: 10462: 10459: 10455: 10454: 10452: 10450: 10446: 10443: 10441: 10437: 10424: 10420: 10417: 10413: 10410: 10409:Comfort women 10406: 10403: 10399: 10396: 10393: / 10392: 10388: 10385: 10382: / 10381: 10378: / 10377: 10373: 10370: 10369:Camp brothels 10366: 10363: 10359: 10358: 10354: 10351: 10347: 10342: 10338: 10335: 10331: 10330: 10328: 10324: 10319: 10315: 10312: 10308: 10305: 10301: 10300: 10298: 10294: 10291: 10287: 10282: 10278: 10273: 10269: 10266: 10262: 10261: 10259: 10258:The Holocaust 10255: 10252: 10248: 10245: 10244:forced labour 10241: 10240: 10238: 10234: 10229: 10225: 10222: 10218: 10215: 10211: 10210: 10208: 10204: 10203: 10201: 10199: 10195: 10188: 10184: 10181: 10177: 10174: 10170: 10165: 10161: 10158: 10154: 10151: 10147: 10144: 10140: 10139: 10137: 10133: 10130: 10129: 10124: 10121: 10120: 10115: 10112: 10108: 10105: 10101: 10098: 10097:Marshall Plan 10094: 10091: 10090: 10085: 10082: 10078: 10075: 10071: 10068: 10064: 10061: 10057: 10054: 10050: 10047: 10043: 10040: 10036: 10033: 10029: 10028: 10026: 10024: 10020: 10013: 10009: 10004: 10000: 9999: 9997: 9993: 9990: 9986: 9981: 9977: 9974: 9970: 9967: 9963: 9962: 9960: 9956: 9951: 9950:Eastern Front 9947: 9944: 9943:Western Front 9940: 9939: 9937: 9933: 9928: 9924: 9921: 9917: 9914: 9910: 9907: 9903: 9900: 9896: 9893: 9889: 9888: 9886: 9882: 9881: 9879: 9877: 9873: 9866: 9862: 9859: 9855: 9852: 9848: 9845: 9841: 9838: 9837:Puppet states 9834: 9831: 9827: 9824: 9820: 9815: 9811: 9808: 9804: 9803: 9801: 9797: 9794: 9790: 9787: 9783: 9780: 9779:Naval history 9776: 9773: 9769: 9766: 9762: 9759: 9755: 9750: 9746: 9745: 9743: 9739: 9736: 9732: 9727: 9726:United States 9723: 9720: 9716: 9713: 9709: 9708: 9706: 9702: 9699: 9695: 9692: 9688: 9685: 9681: 9678: 9674: 9671: 9667: 9664: 9660: 9655: 9651: 9650: 9648: 9644: 9643: 9641: 9639: 9635: 9632: 9628: 9621: 9617: 9614: 9610: 9605: 9601: 9598: 9594: 9591: 9587: 9586: 9582: 9577: 9573: 9572: 9570: 9566: 9563: 9559: 9558: 9555: 9551: 9544: 9539: 9537: 9532: 9530: 9525: 9524: 9521: 9514: 9513: 9509: 9506: 9505: 9501: 9499: 9495: 9491: 9487: 9483: 9479: 9476: 9475: 9474: 9473: 9466: 9462: 9459: 9456: 9454: 9450: 9447: 9444: 9442: 9438: 9434: 9431: 9429: 9425: 9422: 9420: 9415: 9413: 9410: 9408: 9404: 9401: 9398: 9396: 9392: 9388: 9385: 9383: 9379: 9375: 9372: 9370: 9366: 9362: 9359: 9357: 9353: 9349: 9346: 9344: 9340: 9337: 9335: 9331: 9328: 9325: 9323: 9319: 9316: 9313: 9311: 9307: 9304: 9301: 9299: 9295: 9292: 9289: 9287: 9283: 9280: 9277: 9275: 9271: 9268: 9265: 9262: 9259: 9257: 9253: 9249: 9246: 9243: 9239: 9235: 9232: 9229: 9228: 9218: 9212: 9208: 9204: 9200: 9196: 9192: 9186: 9182: 9178: 9177:Gross, Jan T. 9174: 9170: 9164: 9160: 9156: 9151: 9150: 9130: 9126: 9125: 9120: 9116: 9112: 9106: 9102: 9097: 9093: 9087: 9083: 9078: 9074: 9068: 9064: 9063: 9058: 9054: 9050: 9044: 9040: 9039: 9033: 9029: 9023: 9015: 9010: 9006: 9000: 8996: 8992: 8988: 8984: 8978: 8973: 8972: 8966: 8962: 8958: 8952: 8948: 8947: 8942: 8938: 8934: 8928: 8924: 8920: 8916: 8904: 8900: 8896: 8894: 8893:online review 8890: 8886: 8882: 8876: 8872: 8867: 8863: 8857: 8853: 8849: 8845: 8834: 8828: 8824: 8820: 8819: 8814: 8813:Kushner, Tony 8810: 8806: 8800: 8796: 8791: 8787: 8781: 8777: 8772: 8768: 8762: 8757: 8756: 8749: 8745: 8739: 8735: 8731: 8726: 8722: 8716: 8712: 8708: 8703: 8699: 8693: 8689: 8684: 8672: 8668: 8664: 8661: 8657: 8653: 8647: 8643: 8642: 8636: 8632: 8626: 8622: 8618: 8614: 8609: 8604: 8600: 8596: 8592: 8587: 8583: 8577: 8573: 8568: 8564: 8558: 8554: 8550: 8546: 8542: 8540:0-449-90820-8 8536: 8532: 8527: 8515: 8511: 8510: 8505: 8504:"Most honoru" 8501: 8497: 8485: 8484: 8479: 8475: 8471: 8470: 8456: 8450: 8443: 8437: 8430: 8424: 8417: 8412: 8405: 8400: 8393: 8387: 8379: 8373: 8369: 8368: 8360: 8353: 8352: 8345: 8339: 8335: 8331: 8327: 8321: 8315: 8311: 8307: 8301: 8293: 8287: 8283: 8282: 8274: 8259:. Panzerworld 8258: 8256: 8249: 8241: 8235: 8227: 8215: 8207: 8205:9781543059250 8201: 8197: 8196: 8189: 8181: 8175: 8167: 8160: 8144: 8140: 8134: 8127: 8123: 8119: 8113: 8107: 8103: 8097: 8090: 8086: 8083: 8077: 8070: 8066: 8063: 8059: 8055: 8051: 8048: 8042: 8026: 8022: 8016: 8014: 8005: 7999: 7995: 7994: 7986: 7971: 7965: 7961: 7960: 7952: 7943: 7941: 7932: 7928: 7921: 7905: 7901: 7895: 7891: 7890: 7882: 7863: 7859: 7851: 7844: 7838:, 2011, p. 62 7837: 7831: 7829: 7821: 7815: 7800: 7794: 7790: 7789: 7781: 7774: 7770: 7766: 7762: 7756: 7748: 7747: 7739: 7733: 7729: 7723: 7721: 7719: 7717: 7715: 7707: 7702: 7695: 7691: 7688: 7686: 7676: 7669: 7664: 7656: 7649: 7641: 7635: 7619: 7615: 7608: 7601: 7596: 7590:, p. 45. 7589: 7588:Butler (2001) 7584: 7577: 7574: 7569: 7562: 7557: 7548: 7539: 7532: 7527: 7520: 7516: 7512: 7511: 7504: 7497: 7492: 7485: 7480: 7473: 7467: 7465: 7457: 7453: 7449: 7444: 7437: 7433: 7425: 7418: 7414: 7411: 7402: 7395: 7390: 7382: 7376: 7372: 7371: 7366: 7360: 7351: 7344: 7340: 7335: 7327: 7323: 7319: 7315: 7311: 7307: 7303: 7299: 7298: 7290: 7281: 7272: 7270: 7262: 7258: 7254: 7248: 7239: 7237: 7235: 7219: 7215: 7211: 7207: 7200: 7192: 7185: 7177: 7173: 7167: 7159: 7158: 7157:Inside Europe 7153: 7152:Gunther, John 7147: 7145: 7143: 7141: 7131: 7129: 7120: 7114: 7110: 7109: 7101: 7093: 7087: 7083: 7079: 7075: 7069: 7067: 7059: 7053: 7051: 7049: 7047: 7039: 7034: 7026: 7020: 7012: 7008: 7001: 6985: 6981: 6980: 6972: 6964: 6957: 6951:, p. 68. 6950: 6945: 6937: 6931: 6927: 6926: 6918: 6910: 6904: 6900: 6899: 6891: 6875: 6868: 6866: 6856: 6849: 6844: 6842: 6833: 6827: 6812: 6808: 6801: 6793: 6787: 6779: 6772: 6763: 6754: 6748: 6744: 6740: 6736: 6732: 6727: 6720: 6716: 6712: 6707: 6699: 6692: 6685: 6680: 6673: 6668: 6661: 6656: 6649: 6644: 6637: 6632: 6630: 6620: 6611: 6602: 6596: 6590: 6588: 6578: 6571: 6566: 6560:, p. 91. 6559: 6554: 6548:, p. 88. 6547: 6542: 6535: 6531: 6527: 6523: 6519: 6515: 6514:Roger Manvell 6510: 6503: 6497: 6488: 6481: 6476: 6469: 6464: 6457: 6452: 6445: 6440: 6434:, 2011, p. 26 6433: 6427: 6425: 6417: 6412: 6396: 6392: 6388: 6384: 6378: 6370: 6364: 6348: 6342: 6340: 6323: 6319: 6313: 6304: 6295: 6286: 6271: 6267: 6261: 6252: 6246: 6242: 6241: 6233: 6224: 6211: 6200: 6191: 6182: 6173: 6167: 6163: 6162: 6154: 6152: 6143: 6137: 6133: 6132: 6124: 6122: 6113: 6107: 6103: 6102: 6094: 6086: 6082: 6078: 6074: 6067: 6059: 6055: 6049: 6042: 6037: 6022: 6016: 6012: 6011: 6003: 6001: 5993: 5989: 5985: 5981: 5980: 5973: 5965: 5961: 5954: 5946: 5940: 5936: 5929: 5922: 5917: 5915: 5908:(2000) p. 146 5907: 5901: 5894: 5883: 5879: 5873: 5866: 5860: 5852: 5846: 5842: 5835: 5833: 5822: 5818: 5814: 5810: 5804: 5802: 5792: 5786: 5780: 5778: 5776: 5774: 5757: 5753: 5749: 5743: 5727: 5723: 5717: 5715: 5707: 5702: 5700: 5687: 5685: 5683: 5673: 5666: 5661: 5652: 5645: 5642: 5638: 5635: 5629: 5627: 5622: 5605: 5598: 5594: 5588: 5578: 5571: 5570: 5564: 5563: 5554: 5544: 5534: 5527: 5520: 5516: 5508: 5504: 5499: 5493: 5489: 5484: 5477: 5473: 5469: 5465: 5461: 5457: 5453: 5448: 5442: 5438: 5433: 5427: 5423: 5419: 5415: 5411: 5407: 5403: 5398: 5389: 5387: 5377: 5371: 5365: 5359: 5353: 5349: 5339: 5336: 5334: 5331: 5328: 5325: 5323: 5320: 5318: 5315: 5313: 5310: 5308: 5305: 5303: 5300: 5298: 5295: 5293: 5290: 5288: 5285: 5283: 5280: 5278: 5275: 5273: 5270: 5268: 5265: 5263: 5260: 5258: 5255: 5253: 5250: 5249: 5243: 5241: 5236: 5232: 5228: 5224: 5219: 5217: 5213: 5209: 5205: 5204: 5198: 5195: 5191: 5187: 5182: 5180: 5179: 5174: 5163: 5161: 5157: 5153: 5145: 5142:First use of 5139: 5137: 5133: 5132: 5131:Armia Krajowa 5126: 5124: 5120: 5111: 5107: 5098: 5096: 5092: 5087: 5083: 5073: 5069: 5064: 5062: 5058: 5057:Steven Zaloga 5053: 5051: 5047: 5042: 5039: 5035: 5029: 5021: 5017: 5012: 4998: 4996: 4992: 4988: 4984: 4980: 4975: 4973: 4969: 4965: 4961: 4960: 4950: 4942: 4938: 4936: 4932: 4931: 4926: 4922: 4921:Sovietization 4918: 4914: 4910: 4905: 4903: 4902: 4897: 4896: 4891: 4887: 4883: 4878: 4874: 4873: 4868: 4862: 4856: 4853: 4847: 4840: 4836: 4834: 4830: 4824: 4822: 4818: 4812: 4809: 4805: 4801: 4797: 4788: 4783: 4779: 4775: 4769: 4764: 4760: 4758: 4754: 4750: 4746: 4742: 4741:Brest-Litovsk 4733: 4729: 4727: 4726: 4721: 4716: 4711: 4707: 4703: 4699: 4695: 4691: 4687: 4684: 4680: 4676: 4672: 4668: 4664: 4660: 4654: 4649: 4645: 4641: 4637: 4629: 4624: 4620: 4616: 4606: 4602: 4600: 4596: 4595: 4588: 4586: 4585: 4580: 4576: 4571: 4567: 4565: 4561: 4557: 4553: 4549: 4545: 4541: 4537: 4533: 4529: 4524: 4522: 4518: 4514: 4509: 4508:(subhumans). 4507: 4506: 4505:Untermenschen 4501: 4497: 4491: 4481: 4479: 4475: 4474: 4469: 4465: 4464:Hel Peninsula 4461: 4457: 4451: 4446: 4444: 4441: 4437: 4433: 4429: 4425: 4421: 4417: 4413: 4409: 4405: 4401: 4393: 4388: 4384: 4382: 4378: 4374: 4371:like General 4370: 4366: 4362: 4361: 4355: 4353: 4349: 4345: 4341: 4337: 4334: 4330: 4324: 4322: 4318: 4317:Joseph Stalin 4314: 4310: 4306: 4302: 4293: 4288: 4283: 4273: 4270: 4266: 4261: 4259: 4255: 4251: 4247: 4243: 4239: 4235: 4231: 4227: 4223: 4219: 4215: 4210: 4207: 4202: 4200: 4196: 4192: 4187: 4183: 4174: 4170: 4168: 4163: 4160: 4156: 4152: 4148: 4144: 4139: 4137: 4133: 4129: 4125: 4121: 4117: 4113: 4103: 4099: 4096: 4092: 4088: 4084: 4080: 4076: 4071: 4069: 4064: 4060: 4056: 4052: 4048: 4047: 4043: 4039: 4030: 4021: 4018: 4013: 4011: 4007: 4006: 4001: 3992: 3988: 3984: 3981: 3977: 3972: 3968: 3966: 3960: 3958: 3954: 3950: 3945: 3943: 3939: 3934: 3930: 3926: 3922: 3918: 3909: 3900: 3898: 3894: 3890: 3886: 3878: 3877: 3872: 3869: 3865: 3862: 3858: 3854: 3850: 3846: 3842: 3839: 3835: 3831: 3827: 3823: 3819: 3815: 3812:and from the 3811: 3807: 3803: 3802: 3801: 3799: 3793: 3791: 3787: 3783: 3778: 3776: 3772: 3768: 3765:of the enemy 3764: 3760: 3759: 3754: 3750: 3746: 3742: 3738: 3734: 3730: 3726: 3717: 3703: 3701: 3697: 3693: 3689: 3685: 3681: 3677: 3673: 3668: 3666: 3663:tanks and 38 3662: 3658: 3654: 3652: 3647: 3643: 3639: 3631: 3626: 3622: 3619: 3615: 3611: 3607: 3606:Fairey Battle 3603: 3598: 3595: 3590: 3586: 3585: 3579: 3575: 3571: 3563: 3558: 3554: 3552: 3548: 3544: 3539: 3535: 3531: 3526: 3522: 3520: 3516: 3513: 3509: 3505: 3501: 3496: 3494: 3490: 3486: 3482: 3478: 3474: 3470: 3461: 3456: 3452: 3442: 3440: 3436: 3432: 3428: 3424: 3420: 3419: 3413: 3409: 3405: 3401: 3397: 3393: 3391: 3387: 3383: 3379: 3378: 3373: 3369: 3365: 3364: 3359: 3355: 3351: 3350: 3345: 3341: 3337: 3336: 3329: 3318: 3314: 3310: 3300: 3298: 3294: 3293:Upper Silesia 3290: 3286: 3282: 3277: 3274: 3270: 3266: 3262: 3257: 3255: 3251: 3246: 3244: 3240: 3236: 3231: 3226: 3217: 3213: 3211: 3206: 3201: 3199: 3195: 3191: 3187: 3182: 3179: 3174: 3172: 3168: 3162: 3160: 3154: 3152: 3144: 3140: 3136: 3131: 3126: 3122: 3120: 3115: 3111: 3101: 3100:for Germany. 3099: 3098: 3093: 3089: 3085: 3081: 3078: 3074: 3070: 3067: 3063: 3059: 3055: 3051: 3046: 3044: 3040: 3036: 3032: 3027: 3023: 3019: 3014: 3012: 3008: 3007:Defensive War 2996: 2991: 2989: 2984: 2982: 2977: 2976: 2974: 2973: 2965: 2962: 2959: 2956: 2953: 2950: 2948:May 1939 2947: 2946:Pact of Steel 2944: 2941: 2938: 2935: 2932: 2929: 2926: 2923: 2922:Danzig Crisis 2920: 2917: 2914: 2911: 2908: 2905: 2902: 2899: 2896: 2893: 2890: 2887: 2884: 2881: 2878: 2875: 2872: 2869: 2866: 2863: 2860: 2858:May 1938 2857: 2854: 2851: 2848: 2845: 2842: 2839: 2837: 2832: 2829: 2826: 2823: 2820: 2817: 2814: 2811: 2808: 2805: 2802: 2799: 2796: 2793: 2790: 2787: 2784: 2781: 2778: 2776: 2773: 2770: 2767: 2764: 2761: 2758: 2755: 2752: 2749: 2746: 2743: 2740: 2737: 2734: 2731: 2728: 2725: 2722: 2719: 2716: 2713: 2710: 2707: 2704: 2701: 2698: 2695: 2692: 2689: 2686: 2683: 2682: 2674: 2673: 2665: 2662: 2659: 2656: 2653: 2650: 2647: 2644: 2641: 2638: 2635: 2634: 2630: 2627: 2624: 2621: 2618: 2615: 2614:March on Rome 2612: 2609: 2606: 2603: 2600: 2597: 2594: 2593: 2585: 2584: 2576: 2573: 2570: 2567: 2564: 2561: 2558: 2555: 2554: 2546: 2545: 2541: 2540: 2537: 2535: 2531: 2527: 2526: 2521: 2517: 2513: 2509: 2505: 2501: 2497: 2492: 2490: 2485: 2481: 2477: 2473: 2469: 2465: 2461: 2460:rapprochement 2457: 2456:puppet states 2453: 2449: 2445: 2441: 2437: 2433: 2427: 2417: 2415: 2411: 2407: 2403: 2399: 2398:Sovietization 2395: 2392: 2388: 2384: 2380: 2376: 2372: 2368: 2363: 2361: 2357: 2353: 2349: 2345: 2341: 2336: 2334: 2330: 2326: 2322: 2318: 2314: 2310: 2306: 2302: 2301:defense lines 2298: 2294: 2290: 2286: 2282: 2278: 2273: 2271: 2267: 2263: 2258: 2254: 2250: 2246: 2242: 2238: 2233: 2229: 2225: 2221: 2217: 2213: 2209: 2205: 2201: 2197: 2193: 2189: 2174: 2171: 2169: 2166: 2164: 2161: 2159: 2156: 2154: 2151: 2149: 2146: 2144: 2141: 2139: 2136: 2134: 2131: 2130: 2129: 2128: 2120: 2117: 2116: 2115: 2112: 2110: 2107: 2103: 2100: 2099: 2098: 2095: 2093: 2090: 2088: 2085: 2083: 2080: 2076: 2073: 2072: 2071: 2068: 2067: 2066: 2065: 2059: 2056: 2054: 2051: 2047: 2044: 2042: 2041:Syria–Lebanon 2039: 2037: 2034: 2033: 2031: 2029: 2026: 2024: 2021: 2019: 2016: 2012: 2009: 2007: 2004: 2003: 2001: 2000: 1999: 1998: 1997: 1990: 1987: 1983: 1980: 1979: 1978: 1975: 1973: 1970: 1968: 1965: 1963: 1960: 1958: 1955: 1951: 1948: 1947: 1946: 1945:Pacific Ocean 1943: 1941: 1938: 1937: 1936: 1935: 1934: 1925: 1922: 1921: 1920: 1917: 1915: 1914:Eastern Front 1912: 1908: 1905: 1904: 1903: 1900: 1898: 1895: 1891: 1888: 1887: 1886: 1883: 1879: 1876: 1874: 1871: 1869: 1866: 1865: 1864: 1863:Western Front 1861: 1859: 1856: 1852: 1849: 1847: 1844: 1842: 1839: 1838: 1837: 1834: 1832: 1829: 1827: 1824: 1823: 1822: 1821: 1815: 1810: 1807:Campaigns of 1801: 1796: 1794: 1789: 1787: 1782: 1781: 1778: 1767: 1764: 1762: 1759: 1757: 1754: 1752: 1749: 1747: 1744: 1742: 1739: 1737: 1734: 1732: 1729: 1727: 1724: 1721: 1716: 1706: 1701: 1699: 1694: 1692: 1687: 1686: 1683: 1671: 1670: 1666: 1664: 1663: 1659: 1657: 1656: 1652: 1650: 1649: 1645: 1644: 1640: 1637: 1635: 1632: 1630: 1627: 1625: 1622: 1620: 1617: 1615: 1612: 1610: 1607: 1606: 1605: 1604: 1598: 1595: 1593: 1590: 1588: 1585: 1583: 1580: 1578: 1575: 1573: 1572:Wólka Węglowa 1570: 1568: 1565: 1563: 1560: 1558: 1555: 1553: 1550: 1548: 1545: 1543: 1540: 1538: 1535: 1533: 1530: 1528: 1525: 1524: 1523: 1522: 1516: 1515:Wola Cyrusowa 1513: 1511: 1508: 1506: 1503: 1501: 1498: 1496: 1493: 1491: 1488: 1486: 1483: 1481: 1478: 1476: 1473: 1471: 1468: 1466: 1463: 1462: 1461: 1460: 1454: 1453:Kępa Oksywska 1451: 1449: 1446: 1444: 1441: 1439: 1436: 1434: 1431: 1429: 1426: 1424: 1421: 1420: 1419: 1418: 1412: 1409: 1407: 1404: 1402: 1399: 1397: 1394: 1392: 1389: 1387: 1384: 1382: 1379: 1377: 1374: 1372: 1369: 1367: 1364: 1362: 1359: 1357: 1354: 1352: 1349: 1347: 1344: 1342: 1339: 1337: 1334: 1332: 1329: 1328: 1327: 1326: 1320: 1315: 1305: 1300: 1298: 1293: 1291: 1286: 1285: 1282: 1267: 1261: 1255: 1249: 1247:66,000 killed 1243: 1242: 1237: 1234: 1233: 1231: 1222: 1215: 1213:2,383 wounded 1209: 1203: 1201: 1200:Soviet Union: 1197: 1191: 1185: 1179: 1173: 1171: 1168: 1162: 1156: 1150: 1148:3,500 missing 1144: 1138: 1136:17,269 killed 1132: 1130: 1129:Nazi Germany: 1127: 1126: 1121: 1118: 1117: 1115: 1114: 1109: 1099: 1097: 1090: 1084: 1078: 1072: 1066: 1065: 1060: 1057: 1056: 1054: 1045: 1039: 1033: 1027: 1025:33+ divisions 1021: 1019: 1018:Soviet Union: 1015: 1009: 1007: 1004: 998: 992: 986: 980: 974: 972: 971:Nazi Germany: 969: 968: 963: 960: 959: 957: 956: 951: 944: 933: 931: 930:Prussian Army 921: 919: 909: 907: 897: 895: 885: 883: 873: 871: 861: 859: 849: 847: 837: 836: 829: 822: 819: 817: 814: 812: 809: 807: 804: 803: 802: 801: 790: 786: 783: 781: 778: 776: 773: 771: 768: 766: 763: 762: 761: 760: 748: 746: 734: 731: 729: 726: 724: 721: 720: 718: 717: 705: 701: 698: 696: 693: 692: 690: 689: 677: 676: 669: 668: 663: 657: 647: 645: 635: 633: 623: 621: 611: 609: 599: 597: 587: 584: 573: 571: 570: 559: 557: 556: 545: 544: 535: 530: 529:Ivan Tyulenev 520: 518: 508: 506: 496: 494: 484: 482: 472: 470: 460: 456: 451: 441: 439: 429: 426: 425: 413: 411: 410: 398: 396: 386: 384: 374: 372: 362: 360: 350: 348: 338: 336: 326: 324: 323: 312: 310: 309: 298: 297: 288: 287: 282: 279: 277: 264: 261: 260: 247: 235: 233: 219: 218: 215: 211: 203: 199: 196: 192: 188: 185: 182: 179: 173: 172: 167: 166: 160: 156: 152: 149: 146: 145: 144: 143: 139: 136: 135: 130: 126: 122: 118: 114: 111: 110: 105: 101: 97: 94: 93: 89: 85: 81: 80:Danzig Police 77: 73: 72: 67: 61: 56: 53: 48: 43: 38: 34: 30: 26: 22: 14146: 14126: 14088: 14071: 14044: 13976:negotiations 13724:Polish 13719: 13708:World War II 13465:Smolensk War 13206:Livonian War 13189:Commonwealth 12938:Piast Poland 12919: 12798:Bibliography 12781: 12594:Project Hula 12559:Vistula–Oder 12528: 12461: 12452: 12436: 12406: 12355: 12339: 12330: 12321: 12287: 12184: 12099: 12075: 12045: 11796: 11689: 11634:North Africa 11501: 11336:Soviet Union 11290:Soviet Union 11216:Soviet Union 10984:Vatican City 10887:Vichy France 10792:German Reich 10689:Soviet Union 10675:South Africa 10668:Sierra Leone 10621:Newfoundland 10440:Participants 10423:Marocchinate 10127: 10118: 10088: 9966:North Africa 9927:Indian Ocean 9786:Nazi plunder 9677:Cryptography 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Retrieved 9129:the original 9122: 9100: 9081: 9061: 9037: 9013: 8994: 8970: 8945: 8922: 8907:. Retrieved 8902: 8888: 8870: 8851: 8836:. Retrieved 8817: 8794: 8775: 8754: 8733: 8729: 8706: 8687: 8675:. Retrieved 8671:the original 8666: 8640: 8620: 8598: 8594: 8571: 8552: 8530: 8518:. Retrieved 8514:the original 8507: 8488:. Retrieved 8481: 8454: 8449: 8441: 8436: 8428: 8423: 8411: 8404:Forczyk 2019 8399: 8392:Angriffshohe 8391: 8386: 8366: 8359: 8350: 8344: 8325: 8320: 8305: 8300: 8280: 8273: 8263:20 September 8261:. Retrieved 8255: 8248: 8234: 8194: 8188: 8165: 8159: 8147:. Retrieved 8143:the original 8133: 8125: 8121: 8117: 8112: 8096: 8076: 8046: 8041: 8029:. Retrieved 8025:the original 7992: 7985: 7973:. Retrieved 7958: 7951: 7933:(1): 81–101. 7930: 7926: 7920: 7908:. Retrieved 7888: 7881: 7869:. Retrieved 7857: 7843: 7835: 7819: 7814: 7802:. Retrieved 7787: 7780: 7772: 7768: 7764: 7760: 7755: 7746:Wojna polska 7745: 7738: 7706:Lukas (2001) 7701: 7684: 7675: 7663: 7654: 7648: 7622:. Retrieved 7617: 7607: 7595: 7583: 7575: 7568: 7561:Corum (2013) 7556: 7547: 7538: 7526: 7508: 7503: 7491: 7479: 7472:Sanford 2005 7443: 7424: 7401: 7389: 7369: 7359: 7350: 7334: 7304:(1): 57–78. 7301: 7295: 7289: 7280: 7252: 7247: 7221:. Retrieved 7210:The Observer 7209: 7199: 7190: 7184: 7175: 7166: 7156: 7107: 7100: 7077: 7057: 7033: 7010: 7000: 6988:. Retrieved 6984:the original 6978: 6971: 6962: 6956: 6944: 6924: 6917: 6897: 6890: 6880:21 September 6878:. Retrieved 6855: 6826: 6814:. Retrieved 6810: 6800: 6786: 6777: 6771: 6762: 6753: 6734: 6726: 6718: 6714: 6706: 6697: 6691: 6679: 6667: 6655: 6643: 6619: 6610: 6601: 6594: 6577: 6570:Jentz (1996) 6565: 6558:Jentz (1996) 6553: 6546:Jentz (1996) 6541: 6534:Google Books 6521: 6509: 6501: 6496: 6487: 6475: 6463: 6451: 6439: 6431: 6415: 6411: 6399:. Retrieved 6395:the original 6390: 6377: 6363: 6351:. Retrieved 6326:. Retrieved 6322:the original 6312: 6303: 6294: 6285: 6273:. Retrieved 6269: 6260: 6239: 6232: 6210:cite journal 6199: 6190: 6181: 6160: 6130: 6100: 6093: 6079:(4): 37–45. 6076: 6072: 6066: 6048: 6036: 6024:. Retrieved 6009: 5983: 5979:Most honoru. 5977: 5972: 5964:the original 5953: 5934: 5928: 5905: 5900: 5892: 5885:. Retrieved 5881: 5872: 5864: 5859: 5840: 5825:(in Russian) 5812: 5808: 5791: 5784: 5760:. Retrieved 5756:the original 5751: 5742: 5730:. Retrieved 5725: 5705: 5691:(in Russian) 5672: 5660: 5651: 5604: 5587: 5577: 5568: 5561: 5553: 5543: 5533: 5519: 5506: 5498: 5491: 5483: 5475: 5467: 5464:Polenfeldzug 5463: 5455: 5447: 5440: 5432: 5425: 5417: 5413: 5405: 5397: 5376: 5370:17 September 5364: 5352: 5239: 5234: 5230: 5226: 5222: 5220: 5215: 5211: 5207: 5201: 5199: 5185: 5184: 5176: 5172: 5165: 5159: 5155: 5151: 5149: 5143: 5129: 5127: 5123:Maginot line 5115: 5094: 5090: 5079: 5071: 5066: 5060: 5054: 5049: 5043: 5031: 4990: 4979:Julien Bryan 4976: 4957: 4956: 4947: 4928: 4906: 4899: 4893: 4870: 4866: 4864: 4859: 4849: 4845: 4833:Lord Halifax 4825: 4813: 4793: 4766: 4761: 4756: 4744: 4738: 4723: 4702:Wilhelm List 4670: 4663:Walter Heitz 4659:West Prussia 4636:John Gunther 4634: 4603: 4599:fifth column 4592: 4589: 4582: 4572: 4568: 4531: 4525: 4516: 4512: 4510: 4503: 4495: 4493: 4471: 4453: 4448: 4428:Westerplatte 4403: 4399: 4397: 4358: 4356: 4325: 4297: 4262: 4249: 4245: 4237: 4233: 4229: 4225: 4221: 4211: 4203: 4179: 4164: 4140: 4108: 4094: 4086: 4072: 4051:Westerplatte 4044: 4035: 4014: 4009: 4005:Kriegsmarine 4003: 3996: 3976:supply lines 3973: 3969: 3961: 3946: 3914: 3892: 3882: 3874: 3826:Wilhelm List 3797: 3794: 3779: 3770: 3756: 3752: 3748: 3725:Franz Halder 3722: 3669: 3650: 3635: 3599: 3588: 3583: 3576:and some 95 3567: 3537: 3533: 3527: 3523: 3497: 3492: 3466: 3438: 3430: 3417: 3407: 3394: 3385: 3375: 3372:dive bombers 3361: 3347: 3333: 3331: 3258: 3254:mobilization 3247: 3224: 3222: 3204: 3202: 3183: 3175: 3164: 3156: 3151:Obersalzberg 3148: 3128: 3123: 3110:unilaterally 3107: 3095: 3088:Lord Halifax 3047: 3043:Slovak state 3015: 3010: 3004: 2963: 2835: 2727:Tanggu Truce 2631: 2523: 2504:East Prussia 2493: 2489:client state 2476:Soviet Union 2436:Adolf Hitler 2429: 2387:Byelorussian 2364: 2337: 2325:very limited 2274: 2220:Soviet Union 2212:Nazi Germany 2203: 2199: 2195: 2191: 2187: 2185: 2126: 2125: 2114:Indian Ocean 2075:Ecuador–Peru 2063: 2062: 2032:Middle East 2006:North Africa 1994: 1993: 1933:Asia-Pacific 1931: 1930: 1825: 1818: 1809:World War II 1667: 1660: 1653: 1646: 1629:Janów Forest 1602: 1601: 1520: 1519: 1458: 1457: 1423:Westerplatte 1417:Baltic coast 1416: 1415: 1323: 1311: 1271:327 aircraft 1235: 1218: 1207:1,475 killed 1199: 1169: 1166:246 aircraft 1160:800 vehicles 1128: 1119: 1103:800 aircraft 1070:39 divisions 1058: 1031:11+ brigades 1017: 1005: 978:66 divisions 970: 961: 798: 757: 714: 686: 567: 553: 422: 407: 383:Wilhelm List 320: 306: 265: 259:Soviet Union 249: 221: 214:Belligerents 148:World War II 140: 127:(modern-day 76:Westerplatte 70: 50:Part of the 37: 13610:World War I 12529:Bodenplatte 12415:Gothic Line 11641:West Africa 11188:Philippines 11167:Netherlands 11032:Czech lands 10970:Switzerland 10914:Afghanistan 10858:Philippines 10726:Puerto Rico 10642:Philippines 10628:New Zealand 10614:Netherlands 10567:Free France 10318:Prosecution 10119:Osoaviakhim 9989:West Africa 9973:East Africa 9620:Conferences 9498:Reel 4 of 4 9494:Reel 3 of 4 9490:Reel 2 of 4 9486:Reel 1 of 4 9419:Polish News 9135:10 December 9016:. New York. 8677:10 December 8284:. Praeger. 7680:(in Polish) 7429:(in Polish) 7407:(in Polish) 6816:30 November 6811:smartage.pl 5203:Brute Force 4985:) and much 4964:Leo Leixner 4925:labor camps 4917:deportation 4821:Pacific War 4651: [ 4548:Bolesławiec 4209:September. 4206:Armia Prusy 3991:Peking Plan 3711:German plan 3661:Renault R35 3543:PZL.38 Wilk 3489:Polish Army 3477:World War I 3269:Peking Plan 3261:Polish Navy 3073:with France 3029:regions of 3026:Český Těšín 2678: 1930s 2589: 1920s 2550: 1910s 2525:casus belli 2404:formed the 2348:Curzon Line 2097:Air Warfare 2011:East Africa 1480:Borowa Góra 1391:Częstochowa 1189:114 wounded 1076:16 brigades 1043:4,736 tanks 1013:3 divisions 996:2,750 tanks 943:Warsaw Army 918:Poznań Army 894:Modlin Army 870:Lublin Army 858:Kraków Army 469:Ivan Boldin 453: [ 200:granted to 168:Territorial 14164:Categories 14134:Baltic Way 14083:Basis Nord 14060:Winter War 13993:Axis talks 13730:resistance 13274:The Deluge 12629:West Hunan 12462:Pointblank 11798:Silver Fox 11784:Summer War 11537:Winter War 11516:Phoney War 11297:Azerbaijan 11258:Yugoslavia 11153:Luxembourg 10995:Resistance 10735:Yugoslavia 10600:Luxembourg 10402:Sook Ching 10198:War crimes 9800:Technology 9793:Opposition 9735:Lend-Lease 9712:Australian 9705:Home front 9663:Blitzkrieg 9613:Casualties 9604:Commanders 9576:Operations 9242:Yad Vashem 8909:17 January 8838:2 November 8797:. Zenger. 8334:1841764086 8314:8300025553 8149:10 January 8031:4 November 7975:2 November 7804:2 November 7732:3486582062 7519:1413748295 7343:Telegram 2 7261:8373991697 6990:2 November 6743:078642009X 6530:1602391785 6353:11 January 6328:11 January 6026:2 November 5821:1853672807 5762:16 January 5732:17 January 5617:References 5282:Phoney War 5227:Blitzkrieg 5216:blitzkrieg 5160:Blitzkrieg 5152:Blitzkrieg 5144:Blitzkrieg 5055:Historian 5026:See also: 4983:Kodachrome 4867:Lebensraum 4706:Hans Frank 4613:See also: 4496:Lebensraum 4352:Belarusian 4258:short tons 4147:Sandomierz 4017:propaganda 3936:a general 3893:Fall Weiss 3834:Carpathian 3824:. General 3798:Fall Weiss 3771:Blitzkrieg 3692:Baltic Sea 3684:Royal Navy 3676:submarines 3672:destroyers 3618:PZL.46 Sum 3610:Hurricanes 3570:PZL.37 Łoś 3449:See also: 3392:disagree. 3386:Blitzkrieg 3377:Blitzkrieg 3326:See also: 3307:See also: 3285:false flag 3250:Józef Beck 3230:Emil Hácha 3225:Fall Weiss 3141:signs the 3121:scenario. 3119:Case White 3097:Lebensraum 2856:May Crisis 2840: 1937 2824: 1936 2818: 1936 2812: 1936 2806: 1936 2788: 1936 2771: 1935 2765: 1935 2759: 1935 2753: 1935 2747: 1934 2735: 1933 2729: 1933 2723: 1933 2717: 1933 2711: 1933 2699: 1932 2687: 1931 2666: 1929 2660: 1929 2658:Young Plan 2654: 1925 2648: 1924 2646:Dawes Plan 2636: 1925 2633:Mein Kampf 2622: 1923 2616: 1922 2610: 1921 2604: 1920 2598: 1920 2565: 1919 2559: 1919 2420:Background 2369:, Germany 2218:, and the 2138:Yugoslavia 2119:Madagascar 2082:Antarctica 2053:Dodecanese 1873:Resistance 1841:Winter War 1831:Phoney War 1592:Krasnobród 1582:Krasnystaw 1438:Worek Plan 1433:Danzig Bay 1195:2 aircraft 1183:11 missing 1082:4,300 guns 1037:4,959 guns 990:9,000 guns 984:6 brigades 964:2,000,000+ 123:, and the 14105:Aftermath 13959:Political 13078:Great War 12694:Manchuria 12580:Indochina 12356:Bagration 11807:Lithuania 11452:Anschluss 11249:Viet Minh 11146:Lithuania 11088:Hong Kong 10851:Manchukuo 10806:Azad Hind 10465:Australia 10265:Aftermath 10128:Paperclip 10023:Aftermath 9823:Total war 9691:Diplomacy 9654:In Europe 9022:cite book 8823:Routledge 8444:, pp. 3–4 8224:ignored ( 8214:cite book 8174:cite book 7452:pp. 54–56 7318:0038-5859 7218:0029-7712 7056:Seidner, 7019:cite book 6700:(3): 112. 5992:0209-1747 5982:Tygodnik 5526:tankettes 5240:Wehrmacht 5212:strategic 5173:Luftwaffe 5095:Luftwaffe 5091:Luftwaffe 4890:Auschwitz 4683:Gauleiter 4609:Aftermath 4564:Włocławek 4552:Torzeniec 4532:Wehrmacht 4517:Luftwaffe 4513:Luftwaffe 4434:garrison 4424:garrisons 4348:Ukrainian 4333:Ukrainian 4321:Lithuania 4246:Luftwaffe 4234:Luftwaffe 4230:Luftwaffe 4182:Pomerelia 4159:Bug River 4151:San River 4143:Ciechanów 4095:Luftwaffe 4087:Luftwaffe 4010:Luftwaffe 3917:Plan West 3680:North Sea 3665:Vickers E 3538:Luftwaffe 3493:Luftwaffe 3455:Plan West 3439:Luftwaffe 3408:Luftwaffe 3388:theory", 3368:air power 3363:Luftwaffe 3358:encircled 3235:ultimatum 3205:Wehrmacht 2844:Anschluss 2452:satellite 2394:republics 2391:Ukrainian 2293:Wehrmacht 2291:. As the 2262:‹See Tfd› 1989:Australia 1885:Alps 1940 1878:1944–1945 1741:Kodziowce 1376:Fraustadt 1361:Grudziądz 1177:37 killed 1154:236 tanks 1096:tankettes 1088:210 tanks 1061:1,000,000 882:Łódź Army 816:12th Army 780:10th Army 770:11th Army 733:14th Army 728:10th Army 202:Lithuania 106:(35 days) 66:Luftwaffe 14148:Category 14038:Military 14007:Economic 13853:Iraq War 12805:Category 12754:document 12664:document 12521:Ardennes 12505:Budapest 12453:Crossbow 12331:Overlord 12170:Smolensk 11388:Timeline 11223:Slovakia 11209:Thailand 11060:Ethiopia 11025:Bulgaria 10949:Portugal 10880:Thailand 10762:Bulgaria 10540:Eswatini 10533:Ethiopia 10486:Bulgaria 10311:Unit 731 10272:Response 10089:Keelhaul 10039:Cold War 10012:Americas 10003:timeline 9996:Atlantic 9876:Theaters 9461:Archived 9449:Archived 9437:Archived 9424:Archived 9403:Archived 9391:Archived 9378:Archived 9365:Archived 9352:Archived 9330:Archived 9318:Archived 9306:Archived 9294:Archived 9282:Archived 9270:Archived 9252:Archived 9234:Archived 9201:(2019). 9179:(2002). 9059:(1994). 8993:(2005). 8967:(2003). 8943:(1998). 8921:(1995). 8850:(2001). 8619:(2004). 8551:(2001). 8520:24 March 8490:24 March 8431:, p. 176 8085:Archived 8065:Archived 7904:Archived 7862:Archived 7690:Archived 7634:cite web 7413:Archived 7367:(1998). 7339:Telegram 7154:(1940). 7076:(1999). 7060:, p. 312 7009:(1948). 6778:Polityka 6698:Polityka 6275:26 April 6085:25776872 5708:, p. 851 5637:Archived 5582:reserve) 5246:See also 5146:strategy 5086:trainers 5063:(2004): 4640:Slovakia 4556:Goworowo 4412:militias 4329:Red Army 4313:Nomonhan 4167:Pervitin 4155:Przemyśl 3814:Moravian 3790:Slovakia 3753:Schützen 3574:PZL P.11 3562:PZL P.11 3515:brigades 3412:fighters 3396:Aircraft 3289:Gleiwitz 3265:flotilla 3092:hegemony 3082:and his 2838:incident 2342:invaded 2340:Red Army 2319:and the 2289:Slovakia 2285:advanced 2158:Bulgaria 2087:Atlantic 2070:Americas 2023:Adriatic 1766:Wytyczno 1751:Władypol 1669:Timeline 1634:Cześniki 1614:Jarosław 1609:Przemyśl 1587:Łomianki 1537:Kałuszyn 1485:Piotrków 1406:Bukowiec 1401:Katowice 1371:Jordanów 1356:Pszczyna 1341:Krojanty 1336:Chojnice 1238:~874,700 1226:43 tanks 953:Strength 811:6th Army 806:5th Army 785:4th Army 765:3rd Army 723:8th Army 700:4th Army 695:3rd Army 246:Slovakia 112:Location 13728:, 13726:history 13617:on the 12981:Bohemia 12731:Shumshu 12498:Hungary 12445:Estonia 12429:Lapland 12407:Dragoon 12340:Neptune 12322:Ichi-Go 12288:Tempest 12230:Changde 12185:Cottage 12077:Jubilee 11793:Finland 11691:Compass 11397:Prelude 11350:Finland 11236:Vietnam 11202:Romania 11074:Germany 11053:Estonia 11039:Denmark 11018:Belgium 11011:Austria 11004:Albania 10935:Ireland 10921:Andorra 10905:Neutral 10865:Romania 10799:Hungary 10784:Finland 10656:Romania 10548:Finland 10526:Denmark 10472:Belgium 10458:Algeria 10164:Romania 10150:Hungary 9906:Pacific 9630:General 9584:Leaders 9569:Battles 9562:Outline 9244:website 9240:on the 7624:27 June 7434:Polish 7223:20 June 6536:, p. 76 6401:29 July 6060:. 2005. 5887:27 July 5646:, 2005. 5410:Russian 5231:panzers 5014:Polish 4804:Hungary 4800:neutral 4692:" and " 4573:During 4544:Złoczew 4432:Oksywie 4226:Pomorze 4191:retreat 4136:Pułtusk 4118:River, 4089:gained 4038:pretext 3953:Dniestr 3889:Vistula 3845:Prussia 3810:Silesia 3749:Panzers 3739:of the 3706:Details 3700:convoys 3667:tanks. 3628:Polish 3587:Bs, 35 3582:PZL.23 3578:PZL P.7 3560:Polish 3508:cavalry 3400:Bombers 3322:Germany 3194:Silesia 2500:exclave 2484:Belarus 2480:Ukraine 2448:Bohemia 2440:Germany 2356:Romania 2283:forces 2163:Hungary 2153:Romania 2002:Africa 1902:Balkans 1897:Britain 1851:Lapland 1846:Karelia 1836:Finland 1746:Husynne 1624:Jaworów 1495:Pułtusk 1396:Mikołów 232:Germany 170:changes 14072:Lützow 12708:Debate 12680:Taipei 12673:Borneo 12251:Tarawa 11445:Europe 11406:Africa 11195:Poland 11181:Norway 11160:Malaya 11139:Latvia 11081:Greece 11067:France 10963:Sweden 10928:Bhutan 10649:Poland 10635:Norway 10607:Mexico 10574:Greece 10560:France 10498:Canada 10479:Brazil 10449:Allies 10395:Serbia 10384:Poland 10157:Poland 10143:Baltic 9936:Europe 9638:Topics 9590:Allied 9213: 9187: 9165: 9107: 9088: 9069: 9045: 9001: 8979: 8953: 8929: 8877: 8858: 8829: 8801: 8782: 8763: 8740: 8717: 8694: 8648: 8627: 8578: 8559: 8537: 8509:Wprost 8483:Wprost 8457:, p. 4 8374: 8332: 8312: 8288: 8202: 8104: 8056: 8000: 7966: 7910:2 June 7896: 7871:1 June 7795: 7730: 7517: 7456:p. 199 7377: 7326:152247 7324: 7316: 7259: 7216: 7115: 7088: 7005:Count 6932: 6905: 6741: 6528: 6349:. 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