238:(August 2, 1990 – February 28, 1991) were curtailed by raids of the Iraqi military. While Iran allowed 1.3 million Kurds into its borders, Turkey attempted to block the entry of more than 450,000 Kurds who were headed its way in an attempt to flee violence, leaving them trapped in the Iraqi-Turkish mountain range. In an attempt to avoid a humanitarian crisis, a US-led force intervened in northern Iraq, establishing a security zone and a no-fly zone to protect the Kurds. Backed by UN Security Council resolution 688, operation Provide Comfort represented the first time the military was involved in humanitarian emergencies. The 450,000 Kurds were brought down from the Iraqi-Turkish mountain range into flat areas on the Iraqi side of the border near Zakho and Donuk, where the US Army set up refugee camps, handing them to be managed by UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). The Kurdish refugees were first protected by coalition military, and once they left, by UN guards. Historically, this was the only time that Iraqi refugees were in camps.
846:
612:
254:
By
November 2010, there were 5,235 Iraqis in Turkey registered by UNHCR. Of those, 59.7% were male, and 63.9% were between the ages of 18–59. Additionally, 49.3% originated in Baghdad, and while 47.3% arrived to Turkey in 2010, 7.8% arrived prior to 2006. While 36.4% are Arab, 28.5% are Assyrian, and
250:
In an attempt to prevent large movements of Iraqi refugees into its country resulting from the 2003 invasion of Iraq, the
Turkish government tightened its security at its border with Iraq during the Iraq War. As a result of Turkey's efforts, only 6,000-10,000 Iraqi refugees made it to Turkey, of whom
241:
The
Kurdish issue seriously tested UNHCR's protection mandate, as while it is obliged to protect and assist people who are outside of their own countries, the refugees camps were located inside Iraq. At the same time, UNHCR could not persuade Turkey to accept the Kurds into its area as states are
225:
and the return of stability to the country, most refugees returned to Iraq. Iraqis living in Turkey number about 125,000, and most of them are expats who come to the country for work or are foreign students that settle in the country for education. Iraqi people are among the nationalities that
242:
obligated not to return people to situations where they might be persecuted, but they could not be forced to provide them asylum. UNHCR promoted voluntary repatriation, and by June 1991 all Kurds who stayed at the camps near Iraqi-Turkish border had returned to their towns in northern Iraq.
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in 2003, when the government took strong measures in ensuring there be no mass influx of Iraqis for the third time. Thus, despite an approximate of two million Iraqis fleeing to neighbouring
552:
640:
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314:
215:
218:, Turkey has restricted the possibility for Iraqi refugees who escaped armed conflict, like all non-Europeans, to be issued refugee status.
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812:
1033:
1007:
385:
414:
1043:
600:
578:
270:
The Iraqi
Assyrian community in Turkey constitute one of the largest Catholic communities in Istanbul, most of whom are women.
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560:
234:
Large movements of
Kurdish refugees took place after revolts that broke out in Kurdish areas in northern Iraq during the
1048:
702:
1002:
659:
469:
202:, with around 50,000 to 460,000 Iraqis entering the country. However, Turkey took a different approach following the
1038:
820:
258:
By
January 2011, there were 6,600 registered Iraqi refugees and 1,700 registered Iraqi asylum seekers in Turkey.
255:
6.2% are Kurd. Finally, 10.5% of registered Iraqis in Turkey are
Christian, 78.6% are Sunni, and 10.9% are Shia.
906:
842:
593:
222:
214:, only 10,000 had arrived in Turkey. Despite Turkey being Iraq's only neighbour to be a party to the
765:
279:
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737:
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850:
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537:
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purchase the most properties in the country, alongside
Iranians, Russians, Germans, and Brits.
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Turkey experienced a large influx of Iraqis between the years of 1988 and 1991 due to both the
523:
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203:
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672:
8:
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includes
Turkish citizens of Iraqi origin, Iraqi-born citizens and Iraqi expat workers.
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780:
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5,400 were registered in 2008. By 2007, UNHCR had 8 national staff in Turkey.
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Catholic Relief Agency
Sheltering Iraqi Chaldean Refugees in Turkey
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43:
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The Turbulent Decade: Confronting the Refugee Crises of the 1990s
51:
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55:
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118:
47:
611:
147:
415:"IOM responds to complaints from Iraqi refugees in Turkey"
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http://www.christiansofiraq.com/caritaschaldeandec16.html
505:"Statistical Report on UNHCR Registered Iraquis". UNHCR.
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The Iraqi Refugee Crisis and Turkey: a Legal Outlook
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The Iraqi Refugee Crisis and Turkey: a Legal Outlook
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538:"2011 UNHCR country operations profile - Turkey"
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315:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
216:Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees
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464:. New York: W.W. Norton & Company.
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402:http://cadmus.eui.eu/handle/1814/11298
366:http://cadmus.eui.eu/handle/1814/11298
16:Ethnic group in the Republic of Turkey
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266:Iraqis are predominantly situated in
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38:Regions with significant populations
551:Flaccavento, Delizia (2010-02-13).
13:
14:
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1034:Iraqi diaspora in the Middle East
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1044:Turkish people of Iraqi descent
559:. Bite Magazine. Archived from
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223:the end of Iraq’s war with ISIS
81:Iraqi Turkmen/Turkoman dialects
1008:Cities and towns by population
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1:
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1013:Provinces by life expectancy
246:Refugees during the Iraq War
230:Refugees during the Gulf War
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10:
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340:Refugee Solidarity Network
336:"About Refugees in Turkey"
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939:Demographics of Istanbul
490:Sassoon, Joseph (2009).
133:) and a small number of
1039:Ethnic groups in Turkey
1003:Provinces by population
851:Demographics of Turkey
494:. London: I.B. Tauris.
456:Ogata, Sadako (2005).
262:Profiles and locations
1049:Iraq–Turkey relations
280:Iraq–Turkey relations
221:Nowadays, ever since
204:2003 invasion of Iraq
142:Related ethnic groups
703:United Arab Emirates
127:Syriac Christianity
121:with a significant
73:Mesopotamian Arabic
24:
492:The Iraqi Refugees
388:2020-04-11 at the
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518:Missing or empty
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305:Iraqis in Jordan
184:Iraqis in Turkey
131:Eastern Catholic
95:dialects), and
28:Total population
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23:Iraqis in Turkey
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553:"Far from Iraq"
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198:and the first
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117:Predominantly
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724:Baghdadi Jews
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563:on 2011-07-23
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902:Christianity
870:Ethnic Kurds
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688:Saudi Arabia
565:. Retrieved
561:the original
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423:. Retrieved
421:. 2019-04-03
419:InfoMigrants
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343:. Retrieved
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123:Christianity
19:Ethnic group
929:Immigration
802:New Zealand
766:Netherlands
660:Middle East
567:20 November
97:Neo-Aramaic
1028:Categories
912:Irreligion
875:Minorities
712:South Asia
520:|url=
425:2022-08-18
345:2021-07-17
321:References
125:minority (
919:Education
880:Languages
797:Australia
156:Assyrians
152:Armenians
135:Mandaeans
67:Languages
892:Religion
624:Americas
540:. UNHCR.
511:cite web
386:Archived
274:See also
268:Istanbul
236:Gulf War
200:Gulf War
172:Mizrahim
164:Iranians
112:Religion
101:Assyrian
93:Kurmanji
44:Istanbul
934:Poverty
907:Judaism
790:Oceania
756:Germany
751:Finland
746:Denmark
683:Lebanon
641:Detroit
190:History
105:Mandaic
85:Kurdish
77:Turkish
52:Trabzon
33:125,000
924:Health
858:Topics
776:Sweden
771:Norway
761:Greece
738:Europe
698:Turkey
678:Jordan
673:Israel
631:Canada
468:
212:Jordan
160:Azeris
89:Sorani
60:Bodrum
56:Ankara
996:Lists
897:Islam
719:India
693:Syria
334:rsn.
208:Syria
168:Kurds
148:Arabs
119:Islam
48:Konya
987:2020
982:2010
977:2000
972:1990
967:1965
962:1935
957:1927
668:Iran
652:Asia
569:2015
524:help
466:ISBN
210:and
129:and
103:and
91:and
58:and
83:),
1030::
555:.
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509:{{
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.