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who his father is.' Abarbanel: 'I don't know who told Yefet this practice of promiscuity among Black women, which he mentions. But in the country of my birth I have seen many of these people and their women are loyal to their husbands unless they are prisoners and captive to their enemies. They are just like any other people.'" Schorsch argues that concerning
Abarbanel's views about the connection between slavery and the curse of Ham, Abarbanel was influenced by the writings of his contemporaries and predecessors, including Christian and Muslim writers, as well as the culture around him, and was hardly considered unique in his views. Abarbanel's commentary on Amos 9:7 and other writings, argues Schorsch, show the complexity of Abarbanel's views of Blacks. "Abarbanel's conflicting passages regarding Blacks were written at different times and addressed different realms of discourse, the one abstract myth, the other actual living Blacks." Schorsch shows how contemporary travel books described Ethiopians as barbarians, stealing each other's children to sell to Muslim foreigners. "Hence, the many statements that Ethiopians engaged in relations... with their siblings or parents. In this view, families, a cultured product, would not have been known to primitives who lived like animals. Yet Abarbanel dismissed all these derogatory notions when defending the behavior of actual Blacks living in Portugal."
568:
685:
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400:, he did all in his power to induce the king to revoke the edict. He unsuccessfully offered the king 30,000 ducats (approximately £60,000 at the time). He left Spain with his fellow Jews and went to Naples, where, soon after, he entered the service of the king. For a short time, he lived in peace undisturbed, but when the city was taken by the French, bereft of all his possessions, he followed the young king,
651:
historical eras described in the
Scripture and apply them successfully in his explanations of modern Jewish living. Abarbanel, who had himself taken part in the politics of the great powers of the day, believed that mere consideration of the literary elements of Scripture was insufficient, and that the political and social life of the characters in the
1422:, and others, were denounced by Abarbanel as infidels and misleading guides for assuming a comparatively liberal standpoint in religiophilosophical questions. Abarbanel was essentially an opponent of philosophy, despite his authority on the subject, because his entire understanding of the Jewish religion was based on God's
622:, but allowed himself to criticize his source, when in his view, it did not align with the literal meaning of the text. He explains, "I shall not refrain from pointing to the weakness inherent in their statements where they are homiletical in nature and are not accepted by them as authoritative" (Introduction to
594:
average student in studying
Abarbanel's work. In his commentary on the Torah, these questions have no fixed number, sometimes amounting to over 40, but in his commentary to the Prophets he limits himself to six. Abarbanel rarely forayed into the world of grammatical or philological investigation in the vein of
1635:, Abarbanel played a pivotal role in providing the conceptual basis for black slavery: " the great Jewish philosopher and statesman Isaac ben Abravanel, having seen many black slaves both in his native Portugal and in Spain, merged Aristotle's theory of natural slaves with the belief that the biblical
1550:
The second work is probably unique in being an exposition of the doctrine concerning the
Messiah according to the traditional testimony of Talmud and Midrash. His third apologetic work contains a collection of Messianic passages of the Bible and their interpretations, in the course of which Abarbanel
659:
His exegetical writings are set against a richly conceived backdrop of the Jewish historical and sociocultural experience, and it is often implied that his exegesis was sculpted with the purpose of giving hope to the Jews of Spain that the arrival of the
Messiah was imminent in their days. This idea
641:
His introductions to the books of the prophets, which are much more comprehensive than those of his predecessors. In them, he deals with the content of the books, the division of the material, their authors, and the time of their compilation, and also drew comparisons between the method and style of
633:
His comparison of the social structure of society in biblical times with that of the
European society in his day (for example, in dealing with the institution of monarchy, I Samuel 8). He had wide recourse to historical interpretation, particularly in his commentaries to the Major and Minor Prophets
542:
while criticizing the
Christian version. Abarbanel's exegetic writings were different from the usual biblical commentaries because he took social and political issues of the times into consideration. He believed that mere commentary was not enough, but that the actual lives of the Jewish people must
609:
His opposition to philosophical allegory must also be ascribed to the conditions of his time, the fear of undermining the unquestioning faith of the simple Jew, and the danger to Jewish survival in exile. This also explains
Abarbanel's faith in the Messianic concepts of Judaism, as well as his need
605:
Occasionally, Abarbanel digresses from the subject under discussion, particularly in his commentary on the Torah. His style and presentations are prolix and often repetitive. Some of his interpretations derive from homilies delivered in the synagogue. He vehemently fought the extreme rationalism of
593:
His commentaries are divided into chapters, each of which is preceded by a list of questions or difficulties that he sets out to explain over the course of the chapter. Not only did this make it easier for scholars to find the answers they were looking for, but these lists of difficulties aided the
1670:
as indicative of very humanistic sentiments: " responded with unconcealed anger to the comment of a tenth-century
Karaite from Jerusalem, Yefet b. Ali, on the issue of Black . Yefet had interpreted a biblical verse (Amos 9:7) to refer to Black women as being 'promiscuous and therefore no one knows
637:
Preoccupation with
Christian exegesis and exegetes. He generally disputed their christological interpretations, especially those of Jerome. But he did not hesitate to borrow from them when their interpretation seemed correct to him. "Indeed I regard their words in this matter to be more acceptable
1546:
The first work is in the form of a commentary upon Daniel, in which he controverts both the Christian exposition of and the Jewish rationalistic approach to this book. Curiously enough, in opposition to the Talmud and all later rabbinical tradition, he counts Daniel among the prophets, coinciding
423:
Several times during the mid to late 15th century, he personally spent large amounts of his personal fortunes to bribe the Catholic monarchs to permit the Jews to remain in Spain. Abarbanel is claimed to have offered them 600,000 crowns for the revocation of the edict. Ferdinand is said to have
650:
However, the major characteristic that separated Abarbanel from his predecessors was his unflagging commitment toward using the Scripture as a means of elucidating the status quo of his surrounding Jewish community; as a historical scholar, Abarbanel was able to contemporize the lessons of the
614:
interpretations, Abarbanel nonetheless believed that the Torah had a hidden meaning in addition to its overt significance, thus he interpreted passages in the Torah in various ways. His commentary to Deuteronomy 25:5 demonstrates both his knowledge and endorsement of kabbalists and kabbalistic
359:, his new home, he occupied himself at first with Biblical studies, and in the course of six months produced an extensive commentary on the books of Joshua, Judges, and Samuel. Shortly afterward, though, he entered the service of the house of Castile. Together with his friend, the influential
1457:, ends with the statement that Maimonides compiled these articles merely in accordance with the fashion of other nations, which set up axioms or fundamental principles for their science. However, he holds that Judaism has nothing in common with human science; that the teachings of the
1547:
therein—but therein only—with the current Christian interpretation. He is impelled to this by the fact that Daniel furnishes the foundation for his Messianic theory. The remainder of his commentary is devoted to an exhaustive and caustic criticism of the Christian exposition.
341:, the Jewish captives faced being sold as slaves. Abarbanel both contributed large sums to the ransom and personally arranged for collections throughout Portugal. He also wrote to his learned and wealthy friend, Vitale (Yehiel) Nissim da Pisa, on behalf of the captives.
655:
must also be taken into account. Due to the overall excellence and exhaustiveness of Abarbanel's exegetical literature, he was looked to as a beacon for later Christian scholarship, which often included the tasks of translating and condensing his works.
380:
325:
as his mentor. At 20 years old, he wrote on the original form of the natural elements, on religious questions and prophecy. Together with his intellectual abilities, he exhibited a mastery of financial matters. This attracted the attention of King
1492:
Abarbanel felt deeply the hopelessness and despair, which possessed Spanish Jews in the years following their expulsion from Spain, and set himself, therefore, to champion and strengthen their Messianic belief. With this aim, he wrote these works:
547:. He also took the time to include an introduction concerning the character of each book on which he commented, as well as its date of composition, and the intention of the original author, to make the works more accessible to the average reader.
615:
understanding of Scripture. Side by side with philosophical concepts (entitled "the analytical way", "the scientific", or "the method of wisdom") he gives "the way of the Torah", i.e., the moral and religious tenets to be derived from the text.
586:. These were published in three works: "Perush" (Commentary) on the Torah (Venice, 1579); "Perush" on the Earlier Prophets (Pesaro, 1511?); "Perush" on the Later Prophets (Pesaro, 1520?). He may also have composed a commentary on
606:
philosophical interpretation, as well as interpretations based on philosophical allegory. At the same time, he himself had recourse, especially in his commentary on the Torah, to numerous interpretations based on philosophy.
1464:
Abarbanel agrees with and supports some of Maimonides' ideas, but he assails Maimonides' conception that the prophetic visions were the creations of imagination. Abarbanel will not hear of this explanation, even for the
451:
in 1509, his grave is now unknown. Bones from the cemetery were reburied in 1955, and there is a tradition that the remains of Abarbanel and Minz are among them. Claimed descendants of Abarbanel include Russian author
2114:
1936:
2279:
Eran Viezel, ‘Isaac Abravanel’s Question and Joseph Hayyun’s Answer: A New Stage in the Issue of Moses’ Role in the Composition of the Torah,’ Religious Studies and Theology 35 (2016), pp. 53-72
352:, who had been executed on the charge of conspiracy. Abarbanel, warned in time, saved himself by a hasty flight to Castile in 1483. His large fortune was confiscated by royal decree.
2008:
34:
1647:. Abravanel concluded that the servitude of animalistic black Africans should be perpetual." Abarbanel's view on slavery, however, stood in direct contradiction to that of
2122:
642:
the various prophets. His investigations are made in the spirit of medieval scholasticism. He may consequently be considered as a pioneer of the modern science of Bible
1878:
538:. His philosophy dealt with the sciences and how the general field relates to the Jewish religion and traditions, and his apologetics defend, the idea of the
1357:
333:
He used his high position and the great wealth he had inherited from his father to aid his co-religionists. When his patron Afonso captured the city of
373:, he undertook to farm the revenues and to supply provisions for the royal army, contracts that he carried out to the entire satisfaction of Queen
3464:
3519:
3514:
1808:
1446:
1406:
Abarbanel's Jewish predecessors in the realm of philosophy did not receive the same tolerance at his hands as the Christians did. Men such as
3509:
1922:
Catalogue of the manuscripts in the Hebrew character collected and bequeathed to Trinity college library by the late William Aldis Wright ...
1663:
shall buy, etc.", meaning, "Israel alone is permitted to buy from them , but they are not permitted to buy from you, nor from one another."
610:
to make his work accessible to all Jews instead of writing merely for the scholars of his time. Although his commentary often differed from
1393:
1461:
are revelations from God, and therefore are all of equal value; that among them are neither principles nor corollaries from principles.
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983:
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2149:
Isaac Abravanel on Miracles, Creation, Prophecy, and Evil: The Tension Between Medieval Jewish Philosophy and Biblical Commentary
1655:
were never included in the sanction of possessing slaves as the children of Israel were permitted to do, for the Scripture says
3524:
1472:
In like manner, Abarbanel exceeded all his predecessors in combating Maimonides' theory of the "Heavenly Chariot" in Ezekiel.
3489:
1861:
436:, they would betray their Lord for money. In the end, he managed only to get the date for the expulsion delayed by two days.
2276:. An article by Professor Sid Leiman regarding censorship of Abarbanel's works and on the proper pronunciation of his name.
1430:. Jewish exegesis had become philosophical and far removed from the underlying truth of the text, according to Abarbanel.
2848:
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in 1503, where his services were employed in negotiating a commercial treaty between Portugal and the Venetian republic.
684:
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1830:
2234:
2212:
2156:
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513:
284:
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and to the Book of Daniel, but in numerous instances his interpretations are anachronistic (for example, Judges 18).
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1710:
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491:
262:
2255:
Pesach - A holiday of questions. About the Haggadah-Commentary Zevach Pesach of Rabbi Isaak Abarbanel (1437–1508).
432:, who dashed into the royal presence, and throwing a crucifix down before the king and queen, asked whether, like
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1386:
1959:
Haas, Jair. “Isaac Abarbanel’s Defense of the Authority, Reliability and Coherence of Biblical Historiography.”
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2191:
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266:
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Published first in German in the official quarterly of the Organization of the Jewish Communities of Bavaria:
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distinguished him from many other philosophers of the age, who did not rely as heavily on Messianic concepts.
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2833:
2689:
2476:
2310:
2260:
Jüdisches Leben in Bayern. Mitteilungsblatt des Landesverbandes der Israelitischen Kultusgemeinden in Bayern.
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978:
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1990:
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Cultural intermediaries: Jewish intellectuals in early modern Italy By David B. Ruderman, Giuseppe Veltri
306:
392:, Abarbanel advanced considerable sums of money to the king. When the Jews were ordered banished by the
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of the Talmud, which, according to him, was an actual voice made audible by God—a miracle, in fact.
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Scholars including Jonathan Schorsch and David M. Goldenberg point out Abarbanel's comments on the
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A characteristic instance of his vacillation is afforded by his most important religious work, the
1155:
1964:
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3264:
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3101:
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2991:
1245:
764:
484:
255:
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Struggles in the Promised Land: Towards a History of Black-Jewish Relations in the United States
571:
Title page of a 1642 Hebrew and Latin edition of Abarbanel's commentary on the latter prophets,
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1275:
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425:
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1195:
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526:
Abarbanel wrote many works during his lifetime which are often categorized into three groups—
374:
231:, meaning "father of the rabbis of God", which seems to favor the pronunciation "Abrabanel".
169:
638:
than those of the rabbis to which I have referred" (I Kings 8, reply to the sixth question).
3454:
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3023:
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After the death of Afonso, he was obliged to relinquish his office, having been accused by
327:
113:
8:
3484:
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3234:
3184:
3166:
3141:
3096:
2764:
2710:
2705:
2665:
2619:
2263:
1778:
Yosef ben Shlomo Ibn Yahya: poet, religious scholar, rebuilder of Ibn Yahya Synagogue of
1644:
1342:
827:
695:
345:
322:
314:
91:
58:
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2878:
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before him, instead focusing on a content-based investigation of the Scripture at hand.
555:
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2804:
2799:
2671:
2427:
2294:
2289:
1352:
1347:
1317:
1270:
1250:
1099:
1074:
852:
822:
779:
539:
76:
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1879:"Livro conta história de Dom Isaac Abravanel, ancestral de Silvio Santos | Metrópoles"
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2580:
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2003:
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1240:
1230:
1220:
1135:
1069:
1064:
897:
872:
832:
676:
559:
Title page of the second edition of Abarbanel's commentary on the Passover Haggadah,
318:
101:
1919:
Trinity College (University of Cambridge); Wright, William Aldis; Loewe, H. (1926).
1918:
3310:
3252:
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3011:
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2908:
2883:
2853:
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2810:
2789:
2700:
2637:
2604:
2598:
2545:
2502:
2471:
2445:
2422:
2383:
1419:
1307:
1255:
950:
892:
857:
847:
837:
804:
595:
429:
310:
1920:
3377:
3293:
3224:
3214:
3204:
3194:
3161:
3126:
3121:
3017:
2923:
2888:
2868:
2838:
2725:
2614:
2592:
2512:
2455:
2450:
2202:
1851:
1847:
1527:, 1498), a commentary on the messianic prophecies in the prophetical books
1265:
1114:
1006:
912:
453:
397:
197:
141:
129:
23:
643:
38:
17th century depiction of Jewish merchant often used as a stand in for Abarbanel
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2507:
2267:
1783:
1506:
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1427:
1332:
1200:
1170:
1150:
1145:
1140:
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1084:
902:
448:
366:
1531:
These three books are considered the separate parts of a larger work entitled
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2557:
2497:
2439:
1787:
1442:
1407:
1322:
1205:
1180:
629:
Overall, Abarbanel's exegetical writings are notable for these distinctions:
587:
457:
356:
217:
1883:
3269:
3111:
3059:
2779:
2720:
2517:
2417:
2362:
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2184:
Philosophy in a Time of Crisis: Don Isaac Abravanel - Defender of the Faith
1667:
1260:
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be deliberated on, as well, when discussing such an important topic as the
313:. A student of the rabbi of Lisbon, Joseph Chaim, he became well versed in
201:
317:
and in the learning of his time, devoting his early years to the study of
16:
Portuguese Jewish statesman, philosopher, Bible commentator, and financier
2958:
2654:
2535:
2460:
2204:
Isaac Abarbanel's Stance Toward Tradition: Defense, Dissent, and Dialogue
1454:
1210:
1175:
988:
973:
907:
867:
725:
611:
599:
535:
389:
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3151:
2648:
2412:
1423:
1415:
1235:
1021:
1011:
917:
887:
862:
784:
710:
583:
531:
498: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
444:
269: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
165:
161:
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1779:
1480:
1026:
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173:
473:
244:
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1652:
1520:, 1497), an interpretation of rabbinic literature about the Messiah
1119:
799:
527:
447:. Owing to the destruction of the Jewish cemetery there during the
413:
361:
302:
184:
Some debate exists over whether his last name should be pronounced
1484:
Title page of a 1647 edition of Abarbanel's commentary on Daniel,
3244:
3176:
2983:
2784:
1632:
1016:
619:
405:
370:
338:
2755:
2151:. Studies in Biblical Literature. Vol. V. 53. Peter Lang.
2012:(New York: Oxford University Press, 2006) p. 55. Cf. Schorsch,
1362:
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623:
417:
334:
298:
72:
54:
2009:
Inhuman Bondage: The Rise and Fall of Slavery in the New World
3279:
3006:
2858:
2769:
2403:
2309:
Haggadot with commentary provided by Isaac Abarbanel, at the
1648:
1458:
746:
579:
544:
440:
433:
409:
33:
2315:
2070:. New York/Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 21–51.
1636:
1628:
1551:
criticizes the Christian interpretation of these passages.
227:
The name's etymology is uncertain. Some say it comes from
1853:
Boris Pasternak: Volume 1, 1890-1928: A Literary Biography
220:, who was a nearby contemporary, twice vowels the name as
1651:, who, citing an earlier Talmudic source, wrote that the
424:
hesitated, but was prevented from accepting the offer by
1445:4:8. This work, devoted to the championship of the
1639:had cursed and condemned to slavery both his son
3441:
2227:Don Isaac Abravanel: Statesman & Philosopher
1909:(Oxford and New York: Market House Books, 1987).
321:. Abarbanel is quoted as saying that he counted
305:, into one of the oldest and most distinguished
1845:
1809:"Abrabanel, Isaac ben Judah | Encyclopedia.com"
2229:(5th Rev ed.). Cornell University Press.
1762:
1441:) (Amsterdam, 1505), whose title derives from
2331:
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2092:
1760:
1758:
1756:
1754:
1752:
1750:
1748:
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1744:
1742:
1387:
309:families, his antecedents having escaped the
136:; 1437–1508), commonly referred to as
2115:"Isaac Abravanel (Synagogue de la Roquette)"
439:He died in Venice in 1508 and was buried in
1683:in Paris, France, was named in his memory.
2338:
2324:
2146:
2089:
1739:
1613:
1394:
1380:
456:and Brazilian media mogul and entertainer
32:
2221:
2103:. Cambridge University Press. p. 37.
2101:Jews and Blacks in the Early Modern World
2085:. Cambridge University Press. p. 33.
2083:Jews and blacks in the early modern world
1856:. Cambridge University Press. p. 2.
514:Learn how and when to remove this message
285:Learn how and when to remove this message
2243:
2060:
1729:
1727:
1479:
566:
554:
379:
2181:
1007:Maimonidean / Anti-Maimonidean
578:Abarbanel composed commentaries on the
3465:15th-century Portuguese businesspeople
3442:
1876:
1505:, 1496), which is a commentary on the
3520:16th-century Jewish biblical scholars
3515:15th-century Jewish biblical scholars
2319:
2200:
1724:
196:. Modern scholarly literature, since
3510:16th-century Venetian businesspeople
2274:Sid Leiman: Abarbanel and the Censor
2119:Observatoire du Patrimoine Religieux
2098:
2080:
496:adding citations to reliable sources
467:
267:adding citations to reliable sources
238:
208:, but his own son Judah insisted on
1925:Cambridge: At the University Press.
1877:Veloso, Vinícius (7 October 2021).
1618:
192:. The traditional pronunciation is
145:
133:
13:
2290:Short biography of Isaac Abravanel
2168:Abravanel’s World of Torah: Series
2147:Borodowski, Alfredo Fabio (2003).
2140:
1767:ABRAVANEL, ABARBANEL, or ABRABANEL
1559:Other works by Abarbanel include:
14:
3536:
2283:
2262:Pessach-Ausgabe = Nr. 109, 2009,
1963:, vol. 82–83, 2012, pp. 203-247.
1512:"The Salvation of His Anointed" (
1447:Maimonidean 13 articles of belief
330:, who employed him as treasurer.
3495:Jews expelled from Spain in 1492
3077:Isaac ben Mordecai of Regensburg
1711:Chambers Biographical Dictionary
1693:Jewish commentaries on the Bible
1497:"The Wellsprings of Salvation" (
1475:
683:
472:
243:
3082:Ephraim ben Isaac of Regensburg
2107:
2074:
2054:
2035:
2019:
1997:
1979:
1970:
1953:
1937:"פרוש נביאים לאברבנאל (שופטים)"
1929:
1912:
1907:Encyclopedia of the Renaissance
1899:
618:He quoted extensively from the
483:needs additional citations for
254:needs additional citations for
3470:15th-century Portuguese rabbis
3220:Moses ben Isaac ben ha-Nessiah
3066:Judah ben Samuel of Regensburg
2904:Elhanan ben Isaac of Dampierre
2899:Isaac ben Abraham of Dampierre
1870:
1839:
1823:
1801:
1792:
1772:
1704:
1577:"Inheritance of the Fathers" (
1554:
951:Mansur ibn Sulayman al-Ghamari
1:
3525:15th-century Castilian rabbis
2939:Samuel ben Solomon of Falaise
2834:Abraham ben Joseph of Orleans
2690:Abraham ben Isaac of Narbonne
2477:Shem Tov ben Abraham ibn Gaon
2311:Leo Baeck Institute, New York
1698:
1681:Synagogue Don Isaac Abravanel
1631:historian who specializes in
1584:"The Forms of the Elements" (
1563:"The Crown of the Ancients" (
663:
3490:Medieval Jewish philosophers
3424:Judah Leon ben Moses Mosconi
3337:Eliezer ben Samuel of Verona
3036:Yaakov ben Moshe Levi Moelin
2795:Samson ben Joseph of Falaise
2345:
1848:Pasternak, Boris Leonidovich
1166:Eliezer ben Elijah Ashkenazi
416:, before finally landing in
234:
69:1508 (aged 70–71)
7:
3300:Isaiah di Trani the Younger
2944:Judah ben Isaac Messer Leon
2696:Levi ben Abraham ben Hayyim
2564:Zerachiah ha-Levi of Girona
2483:Meir ben Solomon Abi-Sahula
2300:Columbia Encyclopedia entry
2061:Goldberg, David M. (1997).
1994:part III, 71–74, ed. Warsaw
1991:The Guide for the Perplexed
1961:Hebrew Union College Annual
1686:
550:
311:massacre in Castile in 1391
160:), was a Portuguese Jewish
10:
3541:
3200:Eliyahu Menachem of London
3092:Eliezer ben Isaac ha-Gadol
2969:Elijah ben Menahem HaZaken
2914:Samson ben Abraham of Sens
2678:David ben Levi of Narbonne
2170:. Torah Renaissance Press.
1786:who was great-grandson of
1281:Menachem Mendel Schneerson
1161:Elijah Ba'al Shem of Chelm
573:Perush 'al Nevi'im ahronim
394:Catholic Monarchs of Spain
3460:15th-century philosophers
3365:
3332:Moses ben Meir of Ferrara
3278:
3243:
3210:Jacob ben Judah of London
3175:
2982:
2949:Joseph ben Samuel Bonfils
2754:
2628:
2526:
2402:
2353:
2244:Sarachek, Joseph (1938).
2182:Feldman, Seymour (2002).
1887:(in Brazilian Portuguese)
1769:, the Jewish Encyclopedia
1674:
1623:Ironically, according to
1570:"The Pinnacle of Faith" (
1536:
1524:
1513:
1498:
1191:Simcha Bunim of Peshischa
984:Hibat Allah Abu'l-Barakat
742:Aristobulus of Alexandria
412:. In 1496, he settled in
408:in 1495, before going to
204:, has most commonly used
126:Isaac ben Judah Abarbanel
119:
107:
97:
87:
83:
65:
48:Isaac ben Judah Abarbanel
43:
31:
21:
3409:Isaac ben Jacob ha-Lavan
3399:Isaac ben Samuel of Acre
2919:Isaac ben Eliezer Halevi
2849:Haim ben Hananel HaCohen
2817:Moses ben Jacob of Coucy
2741:Aaron ben Jacob ha-Kohen
2389:Samuel ben Jacob ibn Jam
1967:. Retrieved 2 Oct. 2023.
1905:Thomas G. Bergin (ed.),
1734:Abarbanel and the Censor
1523:"Announcing Salvation" (
1156:Joseph Solomon Delmedigo
463:
3265:Avigdor Cohen of Vienna
3157:Isaac ben Asher ha-Levi
3102:Yehuda HaKohen ben Meir
3048:Eliezer ben Joel HaLevi
2992:Meshullam ben Kalonymus
2306:Seder Hagadah shel Pesḥ
2165:Bar Eitan, Zev (2012).
1643:and his young grandson
1614:Assessment of his works
1449:against the attacks of
348:of connivance with the
179:
3137:Jacob ben Judah Landau
3132:Joel ben Isaac ha-Levi
3107:Meir ben Baruch Halevi
2716:Abraham of Montpellier
2587:Simeon ben Zemah Duran
1988:24, and commentary on
1489:
1412:Shem-Tov ibn Falaquera
1216:Isaac Orobio de Castro
1186:Shneur Zalman of Liadi
883:Shem-Tov ibn Falaquera
575:
564:
385:
297:Abarbanel was born in
3352:Isaac ben Melchizedek
3347:Joseph Colon Trabotto
3032:(Maharam MeRotenberg)
2692:(Raavad II, HaEshkol)
2466:Isaac ben Moses Arama
2394:Shemariah ben Elhanan
2369:Chananel ben Chushiel
2253:Elazar Ari Lipinski:
2016:, pp. 17-22;27;36-49.
1976:Commentary on Gen. 16
1846:Barnes, Christopher;
1817:Encyclopaedia Judaica
1605:"Passover Offering" (
1483:
1439:The Pinnacle of Faith
1226:Samuel David Luzzatto
1196:Samson Raphael Hirsch
817:Spanish and European:
785:Ibn Bajjah (Avempace)
570:
558:
383:
375:Isabella I of Castile
134:יצחק בן יהודה אברבנאל
3429:Nethanel ben Isaiah
3414:Nathan ben Abraham I
3306:Obadiah of Bertinoro
3024:Mordechai ben Hillel
2964:Shemaiah of Soissons
2201:Lawee, Eric (2012).
2099:Schorsch, Jonathan.
2081:Schorsch, Jonathan.
1832:Gravemarker in Padua
1813:www.encyclopedia.com
1486:Ma'yanei ha-Yeshu'ah
928:Judah Leon Abravanel
492:improve this article
384:Gravemarker in Padua
328:Afonso V of Portugal
263:improve this article
114:Religious philosophy
3505:Portuguese refugees
3318:(Shibbolei HaLeket)
3235:Berechiah de Nicole
3185:Aaron of Canterbury
3167:Isaac Asir HaTikvah
3142:Samuel ben Natronai
3097:Judah ben Kalonymus
3062:(Hagahot Maimuniot)
2765:Rabbi Abin ha-Gadol
2711:Asher ben Meshullam
2706:Meshullam ben Jacob
2666:Isaac ben Abba Mari
2620:Judah ben Barzillai
2246:Don Isaac Abravanel
2125:on November 4, 2016
1503:Maʿyānei haYəshuʿāh
1358:Microcosm–macrocosm
1276:Joseph Soloveitchik
946:Natan'el al-Fayyumi
747:Philo of Alexandria
671:Part of a series on
561:Sefer Zebach Pesacḥ
443:next to its rabbi,
426:Tomás de Torquemada
323:Joseph ibn Shem-Tov
315:rabbinic literature
224:(אַבַּרְבִּינֵאל).
92:Medieval philosophy
59:Kingdom of Portugal
3500:Rabbis from Lisbon
3480:Bible commentators
3419:Hillel ben Eliakim
3389:Zerahiah the Greek
3383:Tobiah ben Eliezer
3255:(Terumat HaDeshen)
3087:Samson ben Eliezer
3042:Eliezer ben Nathan
3030:Meir of Rothenburg
2999:(Rabbeinu Gershom)
2974:Ephraim ben Samson
2894:Eliezer of Touques
2805:Eliezer ben Samuel
2800:Yom Tov of Falaise
2672:Abraham ben Nathan
2468:(Akeidat Yitzchak)
2406:(except Catalonia)
2223:Netanyahu, Benzion
2004:Davis, David Brion
1533:Tower of Salvation
1490:
1271:Abraham Isaac Kook
1251:Monsieur Chouchani
853:Joseph ibn Tzaddik
823:Hasdai ibn Shaprut
790:Ismaili philosophy
780:Brethren of Purity
576:
565:
540:Messiah in Judaism
386:
77:Republic of Venice
3437:
3436:
3394:Isaac ben Dorbolo
3357:Judah Messer Leon
3342:Hillel ben Samuel
3288:Nathan ben Jehiel
3230:Yom Tov of Joigny
3117:Israel of Bamberg
3068:(Yehudah haHasid)
2997:Gershom ben Judah
2954:Menahem ben Helbo
2864:Peretz ben Elijah
2844:Judah ben Yom Tov
2775:List of Tosafists
2758:(except Provence)
2746:Jonathan of Lunel
2736:Isaac of Narbonne
2731:Samuel ibn Tibbon
2643:Abraham ben David
2581:Isaac ben Sheshet
2552:Shlomo ibn Aderet
2493:Maimon ben Joseph
2488:Isaac ibn Ghiyyat
2434:Joseph ibn Migash
2379:Zechariah Aghmati
2374:Dunash ben Labrat
2042:Babylonian Talmud
2026:Babylonian Talmud
1863:978-0-521-25957-6
1658:
1657:(Leviticus 25:44)
1625:David Brion Davis
1593:Shamayim Hadashim
1404:
1403:
1241:Eliezer Berkovits
1231:Elijah Benamozegh
1221:Moses Mendelssohn
1136:Francisco Sanches
1095:Reconstructionist
898:Isaac ben Sheshet
893:Moses of Narbonne
873:Samuel ibn Tibbon
833:Abraham bar Hiyya
677:Jewish philosophy
524:
523:
516:
319:Jewish philosophy
295:
294:
287:
170:Bible commentator
123:
122:
102:Jewish philosophy
3532:
3475:Abravanel family
3311:Menahem Recanati
3253:Israel Isserlein
3147:Alexander Suslin
3072:Yaakov ben Yakar
3054:Eleazar of Worms
3012:Asher ben Jehiel
3003:Simeon bar Isaac
2934:Samuel of Évreux
2909:Baruch ben Isaac
2884:Samson of Chinon
2879:Jacob of Orléans
2854:Yechiel of Paris
2823:Judah ben Nathan
2811:Isaac ben Samuel
2790:Solomon ben Meir
2701:Moshe ha-Darshan
2684:Moses ben Joseph
2638:Hachmei Provence
2605:Azriel of Gerona
2601:(Nimmukei Yosef)
2599:Joseph ibn Habib
2595:(Maggid Mishneh)
2560:(Rabbeinu Yonah)
2546:Nissim of Gerona
2503:Abraham ibn Daud
2472:Rabbenu Yerucham
2446:Bahya ibn Paquda
2428:Yom Tov Asevilli
2423:Abraham ibn Ezra
2384:Nissim ben Jacob
2340:
2333:
2326:
2317:
2316:
2249:
2240:
2218:
2197:
2162:
2135:
2134:
2132:
2130:
2121:. Archived from
2111:
2105:
2104:
2096:
2087:
2086:
2078:
2072:
2071:
2069:
2058:
2052:
2048:6b), Rashi s.v.
2039:
2033:
2023:
2017:
2001:
1995:
1983:
1977:
1974:
1968:
1957:
1951:
1950:
1948:
1947:
1933:
1927:
1926:
1916:
1910:
1903:
1897:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1874:
1868:
1867:
1843:
1837:
1836:
1827:
1821:
1820:
1805:
1799:
1796:
1790:
1782:; descendant of
1776:
1770:
1764:
1737:
1736:, page 1, note 1
1731:
1722:
1708:
1656:
1619:Race and slavery
1598:"Deeds of God" (
1586:Tzurot Hayesodot
1538:
1526:
1518:Yəshuʿot Meshiho
1515:
1500:
1420:Moses ben Joshua
1396:
1389:
1382:
1299:
1256:Emmanuel Levinas
1047:
878:Joseph ben Judah
858:Abraham ibn Ezra
848:Abraham ibn Daud
838:Bahya ibn Paquda
805:Rabbinic Judaism
767:
698:
687:
668:
667:
596:Abraham ibn Ezra
519:
512:
508:
505:
499:
476:
468:
430:Grand Inquisitor
350:Duke of Braganza
290:
283:
279:
276:
270:
247:
239:
147:
135:
36:
19:
18:
3540:
3539:
3535:
3534:
3533:
3531:
3530:
3529:
3440:
3439:
3438:
3433:
3378:Elijah Mizrachi
3373:Isaac Abarbanel
3361:
3294:Isaiah di Trani
3274:
3259:Isaac of Vienna
3239:
3225:Moses of London
3215:Josce of London
3205:Hagin Deulacres
3195:Elias of London
3171:
3162:Simha of Speyer
3127:Judah ben Asher
3122:Ephraim of Bonn
3018:Jacob ben Asher
2978:
2929:Moses of Évreux
2924:Meir ben Samuel
2889:Jacob of Chinon
2869:Eliezer of Toul
2839:Elijah of Paris
2750:
2726:Isaac the Blind
2624:
2615:Judah ben Yakar
2593:Vidal of Tolosa
2522:
2513:Jonah ibn Janah
2456:David Abudirham
2451:Bahya ben Asher
2398:
2349:
2344:
2286:
2237:
2215:
2194:
2159:
2143:
2141:Further reading
2138:
2128:
2126:
2113:
2112:
2108:
2097:
2090:
2079:
2075:
2067:
2059:
2055:
2040:
2036:
2024:
2020:
2014:Jews and Blacks
2002:
1998:
1984:
1980:
1975:
1971:
1958:
1954:
1945:
1943:
1935:
1934:
1930:
1917:
1913:
1904:
1900:
1890:
1888:
1875:
1871:
1864:
1844:
1840:
1829:
1828:
1824:
1807:
1806:
1802:
1797:
1793:
1777:
1773:
1765:
1740:
1732:
1725:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1689:
1677:
1621:
1616:
1591:"New Heavens" (
1557:
1541:Migdāl Yəshuʿot
1478:
1400:
1371:
1370:
1367:
1300:
1297:
1290:
1289:
1286:
1285:
1266:Gershom Scholem
1246:Eliyahu Dessler
1125:
1124:
1048:
1043:
1036:
1035:
1032:
1031:
994:
993:
956:
955:
933:
932:
923:Isaac Abarbanel
913:Elia del Medigo
810:
809:
768:
763:
756:
755:
752:
751:
731:
730:
699:
694:
666:
553:
520:
509:
503:
500:
489:
477:
466:
454:Boris Pasternak
398:Alhambra Decree
291:
280:
274:
271:
260:
248:
237:
182:
148:; also spelled
110:
79:
70:
61:
52:
50:
49:
39:
27:
26:Isaac Abarbanel
17:
12:
11:
5:
3538:
3528:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3435:
3434:
3432:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3380:
3375:
3369:
3367:
3363:
3362:
3360:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3297:
3291:
3284:
3282:
3276:
3275:
3273:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3256:
3249:
3247:
3241:
3240:
3238:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3181:
3179:
3173:
3172:
3170:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3063:
3057:
3051:
3045:
3039:
3033:
3027:
3021:
3020:(Baal HaTurim)
3015:
3009:
3000:
2994:
2988:
2986:
2980:
2979:
2977:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2820:
2814:
2808:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2761:
2759:
2752:
2751:
2749:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2687:
2681:
2675:
2669:
2663:
2658:
2652:
2646:
2640:
2634:
2632:
2626:
2625:
2623:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2596:
2590:
2584:
2578:
2572:
2570:Hasdai Crescas
2567:
2561:
2555:
2549:
2543:
2541:Menachem Meiri
2538:
2532:
2530:
2524:
2523:
2521:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2508:Moses ibn Ezra
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2474:
2469:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2437:
2431:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2409:
2407:
2400:
2399:
2397:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2359:
2357:
2351:
2350:
2343:
2342:
2335:
2328:
2320:
2314:
2313:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2285:
2284:External links
2282:
2281:
2280:
2277:
2271:
2250:
2241:
2235:
2219:
2213:
2207:. SUNY Press.
2198:
2192:
2179:
2163:
2157:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2136:
2106:
2088:
2073:
2053:
2050:וצריך גט שחרור
2034:
2018:
1996:
1986:Aṭeret Zeḳenim
1978:
1969:
1952:
1941:www.nli.org.il
1928:
1911:
1898:
1869:
1862:
1838:
1822:
1800:
1791:
1784:Hiyya al-Daudi
1771:
1738:
1723:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1696:
1695:
1688:
1685:
1676:
1673:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1611:
1610:
1603:
1600:Mifalot Elohim
1596:
1589:
1582:
1575:
1568:
1556:
1553:
1529:
1528:
1521:
1510:
1507:Book of Daniel
1477:
1474:
1451:Hasdai Crescas
1428:Jewish history
1402:
1401:
1399:
1398:
1391:
1384:
1376:
1373:
1372:
1369:
1368:
1366:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
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1315:
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1296:
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1288:
1287:
1284:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1201:Jacob Abendana
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1171:Tzvi Ashkenazi
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1151:Salomon Maimon
1148:
1146:Baruch Spinoza
1143:
1141:Uriel da Costa
1138:
1132:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1090:Existentialist
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1056:
1052:
1049:
1042:
1041:
1038:
1037:
1034:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1003:
999:
996:
995:
992:
991:
986:
981:
976:
971:
965:
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957:
954:
953:
948:
942:
938:
935:
934:
931:
930:
925:
920:
915:
910:
905:
903:Hasdai Crescas
900:
895:
890:
885:
880:
875:
870:
865:
860:
855:
850:
845:
840:
835:
830:
825:
819:
815:
812:
811:
808:
807:
802:
797:
792:
787:
782:
776:
774:Influenced by:
772:
769:
762:
761:
758:
757:
754:
753:
750:
749:
744:
738:
734:
732:
729:
728:
723:
718:
713:
707:
703:
700:
693:
692:
689:
688:
680:
679:
673:
672:
665:
662:
648:
647:
639:
635:
552:
549:
522:
521:
480:
478:
471:
465:
462:
449:Siege of Padua
367:Abraham Senior
307:Iberian Jewish
293:
292:
251:
249:
242:
236:
233:
214:Sefer HaTishbi
181:
178:
146:אַבַּרבְּנְאֵל
121:
120:
117:
116:
111:
109:Main interests
108:
105:
104:
99:
95:
94:
89:
85:
84:
81:
80:
71:
67:
63:
62:
53:
47:
45:
41:
40:
37:
29:
28:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3537:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
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3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3447:
3445:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
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2186:. Routledge.
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1476:Works of Hope
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481:This section
479:
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459:
458:Silvio Santos
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218:Elijah Levita
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3385:(Lekach Tov)
3372:
3270:Isaac Tyrnau
3112:Israel Bruna
3060:Meir HaKohen
2813:(Ri HaZaken)
2780:Rabbeinu Tam
2721:Joseph Caspi
2518:Abraham Saba
2418:Judah Halevi
2363:Isaac Alfasi
2355:North Africa
2305:
2259:
2254:
2245:
2226:
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2183:
2166:
2148:
2127:. Retrieved
2123:the original
2118:
2109:
2100:
2082:
2076:
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2049:
2045:
2037:
2029:
2021:
2013:
2007:
1999:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1972:
1960:
1955:
1944:. Retrieved
1940:
1931:
1921:
1914:
1906:
1901:
1889:. Retrieved
1882:
1872:
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1825:
1812:
1803:
1794:
1774:
1706:
1678:
1668:Book of Amos
1665:
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1579:Nachlat Avot
1578:
1571:
1564:
1558:
1549:
1545:
1540:
1532:
1530:
1517:
1514:ישועות משיחו
1502:
1491:
1485:
1471:
1466:
1463:
1438:
1434:
1432:
1405:
1261:Martin Buber
1129:
1080:Conservative
1053:
1000:
962:
939:
922:
843:Judah Halevi
816:
795:Jewish Kalam
773:
735:
704:
658:
649:
644:propædeutics
628:
617:
608:
604:
592:
577:
572:
560:
525:
510:
501:
490:Please help
485:verification
482:
438:
422:
387:
360:
354:
346:King John II
343:
332:
296:
281:
272:
261:Please help
256:verification
253:
229:Ab Rabban El
228:
226:
221:
213:
209:
205:
193:
189:
185:
183:
157:
153:
149:
137:
125:
124:
3455:1508 deaths
3450:1437 births
3290:(the Aruch)
3026:(Mordechai)
2959:Simeon Kara
2829:Bechor Shor
2680:(HaMichtam)
2655:David Kimhi
2536:Nachmanides
2479:(Migdal Oz)
2461:Joseph Albo
2436:(Ri Migash)
2129:November 4,
1659:: "Of them
1572:Rosh Amanah
1555:Other works
1537:מגדל ישועות
1525:משמיע ישועה
1455:Joseph Albo
1435:Rosh Amanah
1318:Eschatology
1211:David Nieto
1176:Jacob Emden
1110:Neo-Hasidic
989:Ibn Kammuna
979:al-Mukkamas
974:Saadia Gaon
908:Joseph Albo
868:Nachmanides
828:Ibn Gabirol
696:Hellenistic
612:kabbalistic
600:David Kimhi
536:apologetics
504:August 2024
390:Reconquista
388:During the
275:August 2024
166:philosopher
3485:Court Jews
3444:Categories
3404:Moses Taku
3327:Judah Anav
3261:(Or Zarua)
3152:Jacob Weil
2674:(HaManhig)
2649:Gersonides
2589:(Tashbatz)
2413:Maimonides
2193:0700715908
2177:9659183313
1946:2023-07-23
1884:Metrópoles
1699:References
1424:revelation
1416:Gersonides
1236:Moses Hess
1054:Positions:
1001:Positions:
918:Judah Minz
888:Gersonides
863:Maimonides
726:Boethusian
705:Positions:
664:Philosophy
532:philosophy
445:Judah Minz
3366:Elsewhere
3056:(Rokeach)
3050:(Raavyah)
3044:(Ra'aven)
3038:(Maharil)
2668:(HaIttur)
2661:Abba Mari
2528:Catalonia
2295:Abrabanel
2270:, S. 3–4.
2268:2077457-6
2046:Kiddushin
1891:19 August
1780:Calatayud
1539:,
1516:,
1501:,
1348:Holocaust
1338:Happiness
1120:Rambamist
1100:Holocaust
1075:Chassidic
1065:Sephardic
1012:Kabbalist
940:Yemenite:
716:Sadducean
711:Hasmonean
563:from 1545
396:with the
235:Biography
222:Abarbinel
210:Abarbanel
206:Abravanel
194:Abarbanel
190:Abravanel
186:Abarbanel
174:financier
162:statesman
158:Abrabanel
154:Avravanel
150:Abravanel
138:Abarbanel
2807:(Yereim)
2651:(Ralbag)
2645:(Raavad)
2630:Provence
2583:(Rivash)
2554:(Rashba)
2347:Rishonim
2248:. Bloch.
2225:(1999).
1850:(1989).
1835:. Padua.
1721:, page 1
1687:See also
1343:Holiness
1060:Orthodox
1027:Tosafist
1022:Talmudic
800:Kabbalah
765:Medieval
721:Pharisee
551:Exegesis
528:exegesis
414:Monopoli
362:converso
303:Portugal
3245:Austria
3177:England
2984:Germany
2825:(Rivan)
2819:(Semag)
2785:Rashbam
2686:(Rambi)
2657:(Radak)
2577:(Ra'ah)
2442:(Ramah)
2430:(Ritva)
1653:heathen
1633:slavery
1467:bat kol
1353:Messiah
1130:People:
1105:Renewal
1017:Karaism
736:People:
620:Midrash
584:Nevi'im
406:Messina
402:Alfonso
371:Segovia
339:Morocco
3302:(Riaz)
3014:(Rosh)
2756:France
2266:
2264:ZDB-ID
2233:
2211:
2190:
2175:
2155:
2030:Gittin
1860:
1717:
1675:Legacy
1645:Canaan
1323:Ethics
1298:Topics
1115:Mussar
1085:Reform
1070:Chabad
1045:Modern
963:Other:
653:Tanakh
624:Joshua
534:, and
428:, the
418:Venice
357:Toledo
335:Arzila
299:Lisbon
212:, and
198:Graetz
172:, and
142:Hebrew
130:Hebrew
98:Region
73:Venice
55:Lisbon
3296:(Rid)
3280:Italy
3007:Mainz
2859:Rivam
2770:Rashi
2548:(Ran)
2404:Spain
2365:(Rif)
2068:(PDF)
1649:Rashi
1459:Torah
1328:Faith
1308:Anger
580:Torah
545:Bible
464:Works
441:Padua
434:Judas
410:Corfu
404:, to
369:, of
337:, in
2231:ISBN
2209:ISBN
2188:ISBN
2173:ISBN
2153:ISBN
2131:2016
2032:38a)
1893:2024
1858:ISBN
1715:ISBN
1679:The
1637:Noah
1629:Yale
1627:, a
1453:and
582:and
365:Don
202:Baer
200:and
180:Name
66:Died
51:1437
44:Born
3005:of
2006:.
1661:you
1641:Ham
1543:).
1426:in
1333:God
626:).
598:or
494:by
355:At
265:by
216:by
188:or
156:or
88:Era
24:Don
3446::
2117:.
2091:^
1939:.
1881:.
1815:.
1811:.
1741:^
1726:^
1713:,
1418:,
1414:,
1410:,
590:.
530:,
460:.
377:.
301:,
176:.
168:,
164:,
152:,
144::
132::
75:,
57:,
2339:e
2332:t
2325:v
2239:.
2217:.
2196:.
2161:.
2133:.
2044:(
2028:(
1949:.
1895:.
1866:.
1819:.
1609:)
1602:)
1595:)
1588:)
1581:)
1574:)
1567:)
1535:(
1509:;
1488:.
1437:(
1395:e
1388:t
1381:v
646:.
517:)
511:(
506:)
502:(
488:.
288:)
282:(
277:)
273:(
259:.
140:(
128:(
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