413:, writes about Sunday 15 July, while James Panton lists both dates as possible. Wedding celebrations lasted for four days, and, as they say, they attended "four kings, eleven dukes, counts and margraves, thirty or fewer prelates and minor nobles". On 14 August, Emperor Frederick II called an assembly to which representatives from all over the Empire were invited; they met the new empress and brought her their congratulations. Isabella (or Elizabeth, as some of her husband's subjects called her) seems to have been a very dignified and beautiful woman. Frederick was delighted with his new wife, but immediately after the wedding he got rid of Isabella's English entourage "of both sexes", leaving only her nurse Margaret Biset and one maid with her, and transferred her to seclusion in
1696:
296:. On 13 November 1232, King Henry III sent his personal tailor to his sister to make her a new full wardrobe. The King also celebrated Christmas with Isabella that year; he sent her three of the best dishes from his table and presented many gifts, and then for several months he sent her the items needed to equip the princess's own chapel. Provisions for Isabella and her guests were provided by "two or three worthy men" from Gloucester, while wine and venison were regularly sent to his sister by the King, who also provided one of his fish suppliers for use by Isabella. The royal chaplain, Warin, who served Isabella, was also granted to his sister by the King. In the summer of 1232, Isabella returned to Marlborough Castle.
451:; in February 1240 she returned to southern Italy, where the emperor soon arrived. Emperor Frederick II, it seems, respected and loved his wife, but in a quite strange manner: taking care of her safety and surrounding her with luxury and splendor, but keeping at a distance from himself and in company of his "harem", which included women from Arabia; in addition, James Panton writes that the empress was forbidden to communicate with all men, except for the black eunuchs around her. Isabella's brother King Henry III complained that his sister was never allowed to "wear her crown" publicly or appear as empress at public meetings. In 1241, when her second brother,
336:
utensils, jewelry, horses and rich clothes, all made according to the latest German fashion; also, the princess received patent letters from the
Emperor, giving Isabella, as Queen of Sicily and Holy Roman Empress the possession of the lands due to her. On 27 February both parties signed the marriage contract: the marriage of the English princess with the Holy Roman Emperor was greeted with enthusiasm by both King Henry III and by the common people, although the latter were greatly disappointed by the enormous "help" required of them on this occasion: the King had to levy an unpopular tax of two marks of silver per hide in order to afford Isabella's dowry.
428:; part of the year the imperial couple spent in Italy, after which they returned to Germany. Already being married, Isabella continued to maintain a relationship with her brother King Henry III: they maintained a regular correspondence, in which they communicated as warmly as strict etiquette allowed. Warm correspondence with the English king was conducted by the Emperor himself, but the name of his wife was mentioned in these letters occasionally and only regarding political issues. In July, Emperor Frederick II was preparing for a military campaign and was forced to leave his wife in Germany for almost a year.
332:. The marriage of Isabella and Emperor Frederick II was designed to strengthen the political alliance of England and the Holy Roman Empire against France. After three days of discussion, King Henry III agreed to the marriage; Isabella was brought from her quarters in the Tower to the Palace of Westminster, where she met with the ambassadors, who "declared her the most worthy of the imperial brides", put a wedding ring on her finger and greeted her as their Empress.
367:. Before Isabella's departure from England, the Emperor's ambassadors swore to King Henry III that if the Emperor died before marriage to the princess could be completed, she would return home without hindrance and in complete safety. It was rumored that on the way, the Emperor's enemies, allied with the French king, tried to kidnap Isabella, but the escort provided by Emperor Frederick II was able to protect the princess. In 22 or 24 May, Isabella arrived in
1927:
232:, one penny a day "from the hands of the Viscount Hereford"; she remained within Isabella's household and accompanied her to Germany sixteen years later, when the princess married. The services of the rest of the princess's servants (cook, stableman and others) were also paid by her brother, and by his order, when some of Isabella's servants retired from her service, they were assigned a generous pension. The first years of Isabella's life were spent in
305:
650:(Oxford, 1972). Page 381:"Certainly there is some evidence that a son, Jordanus, was born in the year 1236, and died shortly afterwards, but the only son of Frederick II and Isabella of England whose birth can be firmly established was a second Henry, born in 1238, and named after his uncle, Henry III, the King of England." Ref supplied by Peter Stewart via soc.gen.med 20 Jan 2008.
38:
292:
allow his sister to choose any quarters she wanted. The relationship between brother and sister was very warm, and the King visited
Isabella several times: he visited Marlborough during the celebration of the wedding of "the maiden Catherine" who served Isabella, and also visited his sister in 1231 and 1232 at
335:
On 22 February 1235, an agreement was signed, according to which King Henry III provided his sister with a dowry of 30,000 marks (an amount sought by the
Emperor in order to fund his wars in northern Italy), which was to be paid within two years, and as a wedding gift he gave her all the necessary
224:
reported that the princess got married at the age of 21. By the time
Isabella was born, her parents' marriage had already started to unravel, and the princess spent most of the time with her mother. After the death of King John in 1216, Isabella remained in the full care of her mother and was with
291:
Once the princess got older, the more she loved privacy. In
November 1229, with the permission of her brother, she departed for Marlborough Castle, which became her residence; at this time, reconstruction was being completed in the castle, and King Henry III ordered the constable of the castle to
536:
who died in childbirth in
December 1241. Later researchers mentioned as the first child of Isabella a son called Jordanus (b. 1236), but Norgate believes that contemporary sources of Isabella do not confirm this; moreover, the Emperor announced the birth of Margaret to his Italian subjects, from
564:(wife of the Landgrave Albert II of Thuringia; 1241-1270). Weir wrote about Isabella's death in childbirth, but does not report what happened to the child; perhaps this child was Margaret —and this belief is the most commonly accepted among websites and genealogical investigations.
417:, where the couple spent most of the winter. Earlier, the English embassy, which arrived with Isabella, left for their homeland; they brought gifts to their king from the emperor, among whom were three living leopards —animals depicted on the coat of arms of the English king.
280:(29 September), within two weeks after that, the Scottish King was to marry Isabella. Twice over the next ten years, King Henry III tried to marry off his sister (probably Isabella): first, in 1225, were negotiations for a marriage with King
470:
in 1241. Alison Weir dated
Isabella's death between 1–6 December. While Kate Norgate and Mary Anne Everett Green believe that she died on 1 December. Frederick II at the time of his wife's death was in
459:, only “after a few days” he was able “with the permission of the emperor and of his own free will” to visit his sister's chambers. Frederick did not allow Isabella to meet her brother at court.
537:
which it follows that she was the first child of the couple. Norgate writes that Henry, after the death of his father, became the titular king of
Jerusalem, and Margaret was married to
431:
By
Michael's Day, Emperor Frederick II returned to Lombardy, where he summoned his wife and where he spent the winter with her. In September 1238, the emperor sent his wife to
475:, and Isabella's dying words were a request to her husband to continue to maintain friendly relations with her brother King Henry III. Isabella was buried with full honors at
3171:
228:
The princess was raised from an early age by the "nurse and governess" Margaret Biset, who received for her services from 1219, by order of her brother King
3141:
1963:
3166:
2434:
1685:
2684:
2347:
1877:
188:
637:
The negotiations ended very quickly due to the fact that the father of the intended groom, Emperor
Frederick II, spoke out against the marriage.
236:. Later, when the problems that accompanied the early years of her brother's reign ended, she was transported to the court, at first located at
1610:
1350:
2207:
3176:
2727:
621:
347:
arrived in England to fetch the bride to her new homeland; Isabella departed from London on 7 May under the care and tutelage of the
518:
Sources are at variance concerning Isabella's issue, including the number of children she had, their names, and their birth order:
3053:
2579:
2277:
1956:
1812:
2544:
2427:
2401:
2197:
2187:
1532:
2559:
2167:
625:
3121:
2584:
2564:
2297:
2222:
1827:
1772:
3161:
3126:
2654:
2649:
1916:
2494:
2475:
2372:
1949:
1902:
1603:
1440:
1400:
1322:
269:
164:
3151:
2861:
2420:
2009:
1675:
1670:
1421:
1367:
3029:
2981:
2912:
2514:
2352:
2322:
2307:
2227:
2142:
1882:
1852:
1837:
1792:
1757:
409:
317:
120:
2644:
2443:
2391:
2112:
1460:
3071:
2736:
2720:
2674:
2342:
1872:
538:
3156:
3146:
3131:
2337:
1999:
1930:
1920:
1867:
1596:
586:
James Panton writes about Isabella's giving birth to four or five children, but does not mention their names.
20:
2332:
1862:
1640:
1619:
1510:
420:
Soon after the wedding, Emperor Frederick II was forced to leave and leave his wife in the care of his son
328:
to ask Isabella's hand, and in February 1235 he sent an embassy to King Henry III headed by his chancellor
2664:
3181:
3136:
2795:
2317:
2292:
2202:
1847:
375:
of St. Gereon, where the princess had to spend six weeks, while the Emperor was at war with his own son.
3065:
340:
2987:
2963:
2147:
1762:
542:
2679:
2813:
2713:
2694:
2327:
1857:
184:
3005:
2549:
2534:
2396:
2362:
2172:
1892:
1782:
1547:
1517:
484:
273:
49:
3089:
217:
2933:
2604:
2272:
2082:
1722:
1580:
1554:
1332:
400:
53:
3041:
2689:
2262:
2247:
1802:
392:
281:
2669:
2619:
2192:
2038:
1972:
1635:
510:. Matthew Paris lamented the death of Isabella, calling her "the glory and hope of England".
436:
241:
213:
192:
154:
2460:
276:, and according to the marriage contract, if Joan did not have time to return to England by
3116:
3111:
3059:
3035:
2975:
2837:
2629:
2594:
2554:
2465:
2367:
2287:
2242:
2132:
2122:
1897:
1822:
1797:
1752:
1655:
1474:
421:
229:
196:
176:
144:
37:
8:
3083:
3077:
3023:
2999:
2825:
2639:
2529:
2509:
2499:
2312:
2282:
2217:
2212:
2162:
2137:
2127:
2092:
2033:
1985:
1842:
1817:
1777:
1645:
452:
220:. Her exact date of birth is unknown, and the year is calculated based on the fact that
2993:
2870:
2849:
2768:
2659:
2599:
2504:
2470:
2157:
2058:
2024:
1767:
1680:
1627:
1565:
1409:
1344:
604:
523:
507:
344:
329:
285:
253:
249:
180:
132:
81:
45:
2918:
2900:
2801:
2634:
2519:
2485:
2257:
2252:
2232:
2072:
2063:
2048:
1712:
1704:
1436:
1417:
1396:
1363:
1318:
490:
King Henry III was deeply saddened and shocked by his sister's death. He ordered his
293:
245:
233:
127:
97:
2614:
494:
to distribute, "for the soul of the empress, our late sister," over ÂŁ200 in alms at
3047:
2957:
2939:
2906:
2894:
2879:
2774:
2624:
2609:
2574:
2569:
2451:
2267:
2107:
2087:
1807:
1742:
1727:
476:
444:
348:
237:
108:
1941:
620:
Both sisters of the princess were already married: Joan to the Scottish King, and
244:. From time to time, the princess with her family visited other royal residences:
2969:
2951:
2945:
2589:
2237:
2117:
2102:
2097:
1747:
1737:
1732:
1496:
388:
372:
352:
325:
313:
225:
her until 1220, when Isabella of Angouleme remarried and left the English court.
2524:
2152:
384:
360:
1461:
https://web.archive.org/web/20140130144602/http://www.stupormundi.it/Mogli.htm
3105:
3017:
2382:
2357:
2302:
2182:
1887:
1832:
221:
2753:
2412:
2019:
1980:
1377:
404:
1381:
2780:
1428:
396:
257:
212:
Isabella was born around 1214 as the fourth child and second daughter of
2831:
2759:
1650:
1588:
363:, from where Isabella sailed on 11 May; four days later they landed at
356:
277:
77:
387:, where their official wedding took place and Isabella was crowned at
2924:
2855:
2843:
2747:
2077:
2004:
1717:
1665:
1660:
456:
304:
2807:
499:
440:
2705:
383:
After a six-week wait, Emperor Frederick II summoned his bride to
2888:
2043:
491:
425:
414:
368:
364:
284:(who ten years later became Isabella's stepson) and then to King
139:
1290:
608:
503:
495:
472:
467:
463:
432:
93:
1266:
1244:
1242:
1229:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1131:
1129:
1116:
1114:
1099:
1077:
1075:
1050:
1048:
1035:
1033:
994:
984:
982:
943:
906:
904:
1994:
843:
841:
814:
448:
321:
1337:
Lives of the Princesses of England, from the Norman Conquest
853:
792:
790:
777:
775:
1278:
1254:
1239:
1220:
1185:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1126:
1111:
1087:
1072:
1060:
1045:
1030:
1018:
1006:
979:
967:
955:
931:
901:
889:
760:
480:
1141:
921:
919:
877:
838:
826:
802:
1383:
Isabella (1214-1241) in: Dictionary of National Biography
865:
787:
772:
748:
648:
The Emperor Frederick II of Hohenstaufen: Immutator Mundi
395:. Researchers disagree on the date of this double event:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1200:
1168:
1158:
1156:
723:
721:
719:
717:
715:
713:
711:
709:
707:
705:
175:(1214 – 1 December 1241) was an English princess of the
1695:
916:
738:
736:
703:
701:
699:
697:
695:
693:
691:
689:
687:
685:
1386:. Vol. 29. Smith, Elder & Co. pp. 62–63.
1197:
1153:
607:, whom her mother would eventually marry, and was in
733:
682:
672:
670:
668:
666:
312:
In 1234, Isabella left seclusion and settled in the
1971:
1360:
Four Queens: The Provençal Sisters who ruled Europe
455:, went to visit Frederick on his way back from the
435:, where Isabella remained until December, when the
567:Mary-Anne Everett Green also names four children:
424:. In early 1236, Isabella and her husband visited
663:
308:The wedding of Isabella and Emperor Frederick II.
3103:
355:. The princess's brothers accompanied her from
195:from 1235 until her death as the third wife of
19:For the daughter of Edward III of England, see
1433:Britain's Royal Family: The Complete Genealogy
1414:A Distant Mirror: the Calamitous 14th Century.
268:In June 1220 or 1221 Isabella's older sister,
3172:13th-century women from the Holy Roman Empire
2721:
2685:Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-WolfenbĂĽttel
2428:
2348:Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-WolfenbĂĽttel
1957:
1878:Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-WolfenbĂĽttel
1604:
1393:Historical Dictionary of the British Monarchy
1331:
1296:
1284:
1272:
1260:
1248:
1233:
1191:
1135:
1120:
1105:
1093:
1081:
1066:
1054:
1039:
1024:
1012:
1000:
988:
973:
961:
949:
937:
910:
895:
883:
859:
847:
832:
820:
808:
796:
781:
766:
754:
560:(titular king of Jerusalem; 1238 - 1253) and
443:. In early 1239, Isabella spent some time in
63:15 July 1235 – 1 December 1241
2442:
541:, and became in one of the ancestors of the
3142:Queens consort of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)
407:, author of the article on Isabella in the
2728:
2714:
2435:
2421:
1964:
1950:
1611:
1597:
1349:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
36:
3167:Wives of Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor
1357:
1147:
925:
1618:
483:beside Frederick's previous wife, Queen
303:
207:
1376:
1214:
1179:
727:
3104:
2402:Augusta Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein
1390:
1162:
871:
742:
603:Joan had previously been betrothed to
2867:Anna of Constantinople (900–905)
2709:
2416:
1945:
1592:
1416:, Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1984.
1395:. Scarecrow Press. pp. 263–264.
1339:. Vol. 2. London. pp. 1–47.
626:William Marshal, 2nd Earl of Pembroke
502:; the same amount was distributed in
1427:
1312:
676:
16:Holy Roman Empress from 1235 to 1241
2735:
522:Kate Norgate names three children:
13:
2373:Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily
1903:Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily
133:Margaret, Landgravine of Thuringia
14:
3193:
3177:Children of John, King of England
1451:
548:Alison Weir names four children:
316:. In November, the twice-widowed
2228:Margaret II, Countess of Hainaut
2143:Beatrice I, Countess of Burgundy
1926:
1925:
1793:Margaret II, Countess of Hainaut
1694:
532:(18 February 1238 - 1254) and a
410:Dictionary of National Biography
318:Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor
121:Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor
2876:Anna of Provence (915–924)
2392:Augusta of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
1973:Queens and empresses of Germany
1888:Maria Theresa, Queen of Hungary
1305:
640:
631:
462:Isabella died in childbirth at
165:Isabella, Countess of AngoulĂŞme
2675:Maria Luisa Gabriella of Savoy
2397:Victoria of the United Kingdom
2343:Wilhelmine Amalie of Brunswick
1915:For Empresses after 1806, see
1873:Wilhelmine Amalie of Brunswick
1758:Beatrice, Countess of Burgundy
1380:(1892). Leslie Stephen (ed.).
614:
597:
539:Albert II, Margrave of Meissen
339:In early May 1235, Archbishop
1:
2338:Eleonore Magdalene of Neuburg
1868:Eleonore Magdalene of Neuburg
1335:(1850). Henry Colburn (ed.).
657:
21:Isabella, Countess of Bedford
2930:Berta di Luni (1002–14)
2925:Theophanu of Constantinople
2333:Claudia Felicitas of Austria
1863:Claudia Felicitas of Austria
1362:. New York: Viking Penguin.
579:(born 18 February 1238) and
240:in Oxfordshire and later at
91:1 December 1241 (aged 26–27)
7:
3122:13th-century English people
2318:Maria Leopoldine of Austria
2293:Anne of Bohemia and Hungary
2203:Imagina of Isenburg-Limburg
1848:Maria Leopoldine of Austria
1783:Yolande, Queen of Jerusalem
1718:Theophanu of Constantinople
371:and stayed at the house of
299:
10:
3198:
3162:13th-century Italian women
3127:13th-century English women
2822:Cunigunda of Laon (?)
2819:Bertha of Gellone (?)
2148:Constance, Queen of Sicily
1921:the corresponding template
1763:Constance, Queen of Sicily
1661:Saint Richardis of Nordgau
1315:Queens of Sicily 1061-1266
646:Thomas Curtis Van Cleve's
543:House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha
378:
18:
2786:Gundiberga (626–652)
2743:
2695:Maria Carolina of Austria
2484:
2450:
2381:
2328:Margaret Theresa of Spain
2057:
2018:
1979:
1911:
1858:Margaret Theresa of Spain
1703:
1692:
1626:
1572:
1563:
1552:
1539:
1524:
1515:
1502:
1495:
1468:
1358:Goldstone, Nancy (2007).
1313:Alio, Jacqueline (2018).
575:(born and died in 1237),
571:(born and died in 1236),
556:(born and died in 1237),
552:(born and died in 1236),
447:while her husband was in
324:, received the advice of
320:at a friendly meeting at
160:
150:
138:
126:
116:
103:
87:
71:
67:
59:
44:
35:
30:
3152:Royal consorts of Sicily
3066:Joséphine de Beauharnais
3006:Isabella II of Jerusalem
2994:Beatrice of Hohenstaufen
2550:Helena Angelina Doukaina
2535:Isabella II of Jerusalem
2444:Royal consorts of Sicily
2363:Maria Josepha of Bavaria
2173:Isabella II of Jerusalem
1893:Maria Josepha of Bavaria
1548:Isabella II of Jerusalem
1518:Queen consort of Germany
1333:Everett Green, Mary Anne
590:
528:(February 1237 – 1270),
513:
485:Isabella II of Jerusalem
274:Alexander II of Scotland
272:, was betrothed to King
263:
50:Queen consort of Germany
3072:Marie Louise of Austria
2934:Cunigunde of Luxembourg
2789:Guntrude (712–744)
2765:Berthora (549–552)
2605:Eleanor of Alburquerque
2273:Elizabeth of Luxembourg
2083:Cunigunde of Luxembourg
1883:Maria Amalia of Austria
1723:Cunigunde of Luxembourg
1581:Margaret II of Hainault
1555:Queen consort of Sicily
1317:. New York: Trinacria.
583:(born 1 December 1241).
401:Mary Anne Everett Green
202:
3042:Elizabeth of Pomerania
3030:Margaret II of Hainaut
2982:Beatrice I of Burgundy
2856:Ageltrude of Benevento
2690:Maria Amalia of Saxony
2665:Marie Louise d'Orléans
2580:Elizabeth of Carinthia
2263:Elisabeth of Nuremberg
2248:Elizabeth of Pomerania
2208:Elisabeth of Carinthia
1803:Elizabeth of Pomerania
1676:Anna of Constantinople
1666:Ageltrude of Benevento
1391:Panton, James (2011).
403:date it 20 July 1235;
393:Siegfried III of Mainz
309:
282:Henry (VII) of Germany
3090:Marie-José of Belgium
2808:Fastrada of Franconia
2792:Tassia (744–749)
2670:Maria Anna of Neuburg
2620:Isabella I of Castile
2193:Gertrude of Hohenberg
2039:Matilda of Ringelheim
1818:Bianca Maria of Milan
1636:Ermengarde of Hesbaye
439:escorted her back to
437:archbishop of Palermo
341:Heinrich I of Cologne
307:
218:Isabella of AngoulĂŞme
214:John, King of England
208:Birth and early years
155:John, King of England
3157:House of Plantagenet
3147:Holy Roman Empresses
3132:Deaths in childbirth
3060:Isabella of Portugal
2976:Richenza of Northeim
2838:Richilde of Provence
2680:Anne Marie d'Orléans
2630:Isabella of Portugal
2595:Blanche I of Navarre
2560:Margaret of Burgundy
2555:Beatrice of Provence
2545:Elisabeth of Bavaria
2466:Eremburga of Mortain
2368:Maria Luisa of Spain
2288:Isabella of Portugal
2243:Anna von Schweidnitz
2198:Isabella of Burgundy
2188:Elisabeth of Bavaria
2133:Gertrude of Sulzbach
2123:Richenza of Northeim
1917:Empresses of Austria
1823:Isabella of Portugal
1753:Richenza of Northeim
1656:Richilde of Provence
1620:Holy Roman Empresses
1533:Elisabeth of Bavaria
1475:House of Plantagenet
1470:Isabella of England
216:and his second wife
197:Emperor Frederick II
177:House of Plantagenet
3084:Elena of Montenegro
3078:Margherita of Savoy
3054:Eleanor of Portugal
3024:Margaret of Brabant
3012:Isabella of England
3000:Constance of Aragon
2988:Constance of Sicily
2964:Constance of Sicily
2889:Marozia of Tusculum
2885:Alda (924–932)
2844:Richardis of Swabia
2832:Engelberga of Parma
2826:Ermengarde of Tours
2814:Luitgard of Sundgau
2655:Elisabeth of France
2650:Margaret of Austria
2640:Elisabeth of Valois
2585:Constance of Aragon
2565:Isabella of Castile
2540:Isabella of England
2530:Constance of Aragon
2510:Margaret of Navarre
2500:Sibylla of Burgundy
2313:Maria Anna of Spain
2283:Bianca Maria Sforza
2278:Eleanor of Portugal
2218:Beatrice of Silesia
2213:Margaret of Brabant
2178:Isabella of England
2168:Margaret of Austria
2163:Constance of Aragon
2138:Adelaide of Vohburg
2128:Gertrude of Comburg
2113:Constance of Sicily
2093:Gunhilda of Denmark
2034:Cunigunde of Swabia
1986:Carolingian dynasty
1843:Maria Anna of Spain
1813:Eleanor of Portugal
1788:Isabella of England
1778:Constance of Aragon
1651:Engelberga of Parma
1646:Ermengarde of Tours
1511:Margaret of Austria
1410:Tuchman, Barbara W.
874:, pp. 263–264.
453:Richard of Cornwall
173:Isabella of England
31:Isabella of England
3182:Daughters of kings
3137:English princesses
2970:Matilda of England
2871:Bertila of Spoleto
2850:Bertila of Spoleto
2660:Mariana of Austria
2600:Margaret of Prades
2505:Beatrice of Rethel
2471:Adelaide del Vasto
2223:Isabella of Aragon
2158:Beatrice of Swabia
2118:Matilda of England
2059:Kingdom of Germany
2025:Kingdom of Germany
2000:Liutgard of Saxony
1853:Eleonora of Mantua
1838:Eleonora of Mantua
1768:Beatrice of Swabia
1748:Matilda of England
1628:Carolingian Empire
1577:Title next held by
1566:Holy Roman Empress
1544:Title last held by
1529:Title next held by
1507:Title last held by
1297:Everett Green 1850
1285:Everett Green 1850
1273:Everett Green 1850
1261:Everett Green 1850
1249:Everett Green 1850
1234:Everett Green 1850
1192:Everett Green 1850
1136:Everett Green 1850
1121:Everett Green 1850
1106:Everett Green 1850
1094:Everett Green 1850
1082:Everett Green 1850
1067:Everett Green 1850
1055:Everett Green 1850
1040:Everett Green 1850
1025:Everett Green 1850
1013:Everett Green 1850
1001:Everett Green 1850
989:Everett Green 1850
974:Everett Green 1850
962:Everett Green 1850
950:Everett Green 1850
938:Everett Green 1850
911:Everett Green 1850
896:Everett Green 1850
884:Everett Green 1850
860:Everett Green 1850
848:Everett Green 1850
833:Everett Green 1850
821:Everett Green 1850
809:Everett Green 1850
797:Everett Green 1850
782:Everett Green 1850
767:Everett Green 1850
755:Everett Green 1850
605:Hugh X of Lusignan
345:Henry I of Brabant
330:Pietro della Vigna
310:
286:Louis IX of France
181:Holy Roman Empress
82:Kingdom of England
46:Holy Roman Empress
3099:
3098:
3080: (1878–1900)
2919:Adelaide of Italy
2901:Adelaide of Italy
2703:
2702:
2635:Mary I of England
2520:Sibylla of Acerra
2495:Elvira of Castile
2486:Kingdom of Sicily
2476:Elvira of Castile
2410:
2409:
2258:Sophia of Bavaria
2253:Joanna of Bavaria
2233:Blanche of Valois
2073:Adelaide of Italy
2064:Holy Roman Empire
2049:Adelaide of Italy
1939:
1938:
1898:Ludovica of Spain
1713:Adelaide of Italy
1705:Holy Roman Empire
1641:Judith of Bavaria
1587:
1586:
1299:, p. 35, 39.
1275:, pp. 43–44.
1182:, pp. 62–63.
1108:, pp. 35–36.
1003:, pp. 20–22.
952:, pp. 16–18.
294:Gloucester Castle
234:Gloucester Castle
170:
169:
98:Kingdom of Sicily
3189:
3048:Barbara of Cilli
3036:Anna of Ĺšwidnica
2958:Eupraxia of Kiev
2940:Gisela of Swabia
2907:Willa of Tuscany
2895:Bertha of Swabia
2880:Bertha of Swabia
2730:
2723:
2716:
2707:
2706:
2625:Germaine of Foix
2610:Maria of Castile
2575:Eleanor of Anjou
2570:Blanche of Anjou
2452:County of Sicily
2437:
2430:
2423:
2414:
2413:
2323:Eleonora Gonzaga
2308:Eleonora Gonzaga
2298:Maria of Austria
2268:Barbara of Cilli
2108:Eupraxia of Kiev
2088:Gisela of Swabia
1966:
1959:
1952:
1943:
1942:
1929:
1928:
1808:Barbara of Cilli
1798:Anna of Ĺšwidnica
1773:Maria of Brabant
1743:Eupraxia of Kiev
1728:Gisela of Swabia
1698:
1697:
1686:Anna of Provence
1681:Bertila of Parma
1613:
1606:
1599:
1590:
1589:
1491:
1484:
1466:
1465:
1459:
1446:
1435:. Random House.
1406:
1387:
1373:
1354:
1348:
1340:
1328:
1300:
1294:
1288:
1282:
1276:
1270:
1264:
1258:
1252:
1246:
1237:
1231:
1218:
1212:
1195:
1189:
1183:
1177:
1166:
1160:
1151:
1150:, p. 43-44.
1145:
1139:
1133:
1124:
1118:
1109:
1103:
1097:
1091:
1085:
1079:
1070:
1064:
1058:
1052:
1043:
1037:
1028:
1022:
1016:
1010:
1004:
998:
992:
986:
977:
971:
965:
959:
953:
947:
941:
935:
929:
923:
914:
908:
899:
893:
887:
881:
875:
869:
863:
857:
851:
845:
836:
830:
824:
818:
812:
806:
800:
794:
785:
779:
770:
764:
758:
752:
746:
740:
731:
725:
680:
674:
651:
644:
638:
635:
629:
618:
612:
601:
477:Andria Cathedral
445:Noventa Padovana
349:Bishop of Exeter
238:Woodstock Palace
109:Andria Cathedral
40:
28:
27:
3197:
3196:
3192:
3191:
3190:
3188:
3187:
3186:
3102:
3101:
3100:
3095:
3086: (1900–46)
3074: (1810–14)
3068: (1805–10)
3062: (1530–39)
3056: (1452–67)
3050: (1431–37)
3044: (1363–78)
3038: (1355–62)
3032: (1327–47)
3014: (1235–41)
3008: (1225–28)
3002: (1212–22)
2990: (1191–97)
2984: (1156–84)
2978: (1128–37)
2972: (1114–25)
2966: (1095–98)
2960: (1089–93)
2954: (1080–87)
2952:Bertha of Savoy
2948: (1043–56)
2946:Agnes of Poitou
2942: (1026–39)
2936: (1004–24)
2927: (972–983)
2921: (951–973)
2915: (957–963)
2909: (950–953)
2903: (948–950)
2897: (937–948)
2891: (932–933)
2882: (922–926)
2873: (905–915)
2864: (896–899)
2862:Ota of Neustria
2858: (889–894)
2852: (888–889)
2846: (879–888)
2840: (875–877)
2834: (851–875)
2828: (821–851)
2816: (794–800)
2810: (784–794)
2804: (774–783)
2798: (756–774)
2783: (589–616)
2777: (567–573)
2762: (536–540)
2756: (526–534)
2750: (493–526)
2739:
2737:Queens of Italy
2734:
2704:
2699:
2645:Anna of Austria
2590:Antonia of Baux
2515:Joan of England
2480:
2461:Judith d'Évreux
2446:
2441:
2411:
2406:
2377:
2238:Anne of Bavaria
2103:Bertha of Savoy
2098:Agnes of Poitou
2062:
2053:
2023:
2014:
1984:
1975:
1970:
1940:
1935:
1907:
1738:Bertha of Savoy
1733:Agnes of Poitou
1699:
1690:
1671:Ota of Neustria
1622:
1617:
1578:
1569:
1558:
1545:
1530:
1521:
1508:
1490:1 December 1241
1485:
1479:
1478:
1471:
1457:
1454:
1449:
1443:
1403:
1370:
1342:
1341:
1325:
1308:
1303:
1295:
1291:
1283:
1279:
1271:
1267:
1259:
1255:
1247:
1240:
1232:
1221:
1213:
1198:
1190:
1186:
1178:
1169:
1161:
1154:
1146:
1142:
1134:
1127:
1119:
1112:
1104:
1100:
1092:
1088:
1080:
1073:
1065:
1061:
1053:
1046:
1038:
1031:
1023:
1019:
1011:
1007:
999:
995:
987:
980:
972:
968:
960:
956:
948:
944:
936:
932:
924:
917:
909:
902:
894:
890:
882:
878:
870:
866:
862:, pp. 8–9.
858:
854:
846:
839:
831:
827:
823:, p. 4, 8.
819:
815:
807:
803:
795:
788:
780:
773:
769:, pp. 1–2.
765:
761:
753:
749:
741:
734:
726:
683:
675:
664:
660:
655:
654:
645:
641:
636:
632:
619:
615:
602:
598:
593:
516:
389:Worms Cathedral
381:
353:William Briwere
326:Pope Gregory IX
314:Tower of London
302:
266:
210:
205:
185:Queen of Sicily
112:
92:
76:
48:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3195:
3185:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3097:
3096:
3094:
3093:
3087:
3081:
3075:
3069:
3063:
3057:
3051:
3045:
3039:
3033:
3027:
3021:
3015:
3009:
3003:
2997:
2991:
2985:
2979:
2973:
2967:
2961:
2955:
2949:
2943:
2937:
2931:
2928:
2922:
2916:
2910:
2904:
2898:
2892:
2886:
2883:
2877:
2874:
2868:
2865:
2859:
2853:
2847:
2841:
2835:
2829:
2823:
2820:
2817:
2811:
2805:
2799:
2793:
2790:
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2784:
2778:
2772:
2766:
2763:
2757:
2751:
2744:
2741:
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2733:
2732:
2725:
2718:
2710:
2701:
2700:
2698:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2615:Juana EnrĂquez
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2525:Irene Angelina
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2491:
2489:
2482:
2481:
2479:
2478:
2473:
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2447:
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2425:
2417:
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2399:
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2379:
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2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2153:Irene Angelina
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2069:
2067:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2030:
2028:
2016:
2015:
2013:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1991:
1989:
1977:
1976:
1969:
1968:
1961:
1954:
1946:
1937:
1936:
1934:
1933:
1923:
1912:
1909:
1908:
1906:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1828:Maria of Spain
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1709:
1707:
1701:
1700:
1693:
1691:
1689:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1632:
1630:
1624:
1623:
1616:
1615:
1608:
1601:
1593:
1585:
1584:
1576:
1571:
1561:
1560:
1551:
1543:
1537:
1536:
1528:
1523:
1514:
1506:
1500:
1499:
1497:German royalty
1493:
1492:
1472:
1469:
1464:
1463:
1453:
1452:External links
1450:
1448:
1447:
1442:978-1446449110
1441:
1425:
1407:
1402:978-0810874978
1401:
1388:
1374:
1368:
1355:
1329:
1324:978-1943639144
1323:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1301:
1289:
1277:
1265:
1253:
1238:
1219:
1196:
1184:
1167:
1165:, p. 264.
1152:
1148:Goldstone 2007
1140:
1125:
1110:
1098:
1086:
1071:
1059:
1044:
1029:
1017:
1005:
993:
978:
966:
954:
942:
930:
926:Goldstone 2007
915:
900:
888:
876:
864:
852:
837:
825:
813:
801:
786:
771:
759:
747:
745:, p. 263.
732:
681:
661:
659:
656:
653:
652:
639:
630:
613:
595:
594:
592:
589:
588:
587:
584:
565:
546:
515:
512:
391:by Archbishop
380:
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3022:
3020: (1244?)
3019:
3018:Bianca Lancia
3016:
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3001:
2998:
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2992:
2989:
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2389:
2387:
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2383:German Empire
2380:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2358:Maria Theresa
2356:
2354:
2351:
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2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2303:Anna of Tyrol
2301:
2299:
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2289:
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2204:
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2194:
2191:
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2186:
2184:
2183:Bianca Lancia
2181:
2179:
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1419:
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1378:Norgate, Kate
1375:
1371:
1369:9780670038435
1365:
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1346:
1338:
1334:
1330:
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1298:
1293:
1287:, p. 34.
1286:
1281:
1274:
1269:
1263:, p. 43.
1262:
1257:
1251:, p. 42.
1250:
1245:
1243:
1236:, p. 41.
1235:
1230:
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1217:, p. 63.
1216:
1211:
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1194:, p. 40.
1193:
1188:
1181:
1176:
1174:
1172:
1164:
1159:
1157:
1149:
1144:
1138:, p. 38.
1137:
1132:
1130:
1123:, p. 37.
1122:
1117:
1115:
1107:
1102:
1096:, p. 33.
1095:
1090:
1084:, p. 39.
1083:
1078:
1076:
1069:, p. 31.
1068:
1063:
1057:, p. 30.
1056:
1051:
1049:
1042:, p. 24.
1041:
1036:
1034:
1027:, p. 23.
1026:
1021:
1015:, p. 22.
1014:
1009:
1002:
997:
991:, p. 20.
990:
985:
983:
976:, p. 18.
975:
970:
964:, p. 12.
963:
958:
951:
946:
940:, p. 14.
939:
934:
928:, p. 44.
927:
922:
920:
913:, p. 11.
912:
907:
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898:, p. 10.
897:
892:
885:
880:
873:
868:
861:
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805:
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791:
783:
778:
776:
768:
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756:
751:
744:
739:
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730:, p. 62.
729:
724:
722:
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718:
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714:
712:
710:
708:
706:
704:
702:
700:
698:
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679:, p. 72.
678:
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278:Michael's Day
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222:Matthew Paris
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182:
179:. She became
178:
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34:
29:
26:
22:
3092: (1946)
3026: (1311)
3011:
2996: (1212)
2771: (560s)
2754:Amalasuintha
2539:
2353:Maria Amalia
2177:
2020:East Francia
1981:East Francia
1787:
1579:
1573:
1564:
1553:
1546:
1540:
1531:
1525:
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1480:
1473:
1458:(in Italian)
1432:
1429:Weir, Alison
1413:
1392:
1382:
1359:
1336:
1314:
1306:Bibliography
1292:
1280:
1268:
1256:
1215:Norgate 1892
1187:
1180:Norgate 1892
1143:
1101:
1089:
1062:
1020:
1008:
996:
969:
957:
945:
933:
891:
886:, p. 9.
879:
867:
855:
850:, p. 6.
835:, p. 5.
828:
816:
811:, p. 4.
804:
799:, p. 3.
784:, p. 2.
762:
757:, p. 1.
750:
728:Norgate 1892
647:
642:
633:
616:
599:
580:
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572:
568:
561:
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461:
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419:
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405:Kate Norgate
382:
338:
334:
311:
290:
267:
260:and others.
227:
211:
172:
171:
25:
3117:1241 deaths
3112:1214 births
2781:Theodelinda
2488:(1130–1816)
2454:(1071–1130)
2385:(1871–1918)
1163:Panton 2011
872:Panton 2011
743:Panton 2011
397:Alison Weir
254:Northampton
250:Marlborough
242:Westminster
145:Plantagenet
3106:Categories
2769:Chlothsind
2760:Matasuntha
2066:(962–1806)
2061:within the
1983:during the
1570:1235–1241
1559:1235–1241
1522:1235–1241
658:References
357:Canterbury
246:Winchester
78:Gloucester
2802:Hildegard
2748:Audofleda
2078:Theophanu
2027:(919–962)
2022:(911–919)
2005:Richardis
1988:(843–911)
1412:(1978),
1345:cite book
677:Weir 2011
457:Holy Land
343:and Duke
230:Henry III
2913:Gerberga
2775:Rosamund
1931:Category
1431:(2011).
581:Margaret
569:Jordanus
562:Margaret
550:Jordanus
525:Margaret
500:Ospringe
441:Lombardy
361:Sandwich
300:Marriage
2044:Eadgyth
622:Eleanor
508:Windsor
492:almoner
426:Ravenna
415:Hagenau
379:Empress
373:provost
369:Cologne
365:Antwerp
193:Germany
111:, Italy
1574:Vacant
1541:Vacant
1526:Vacant
1504:Vacant
1486:
1439:
1420:
1399:
1366:
1321:
609:France
504:London
496:Oxford
473:Faenza
468:Naples
464:Foggia
433:Andria
422:Conrad
161:Mother
151:Father
117:Spouse
104:Burial
94:Foggia
60:Tenure
54:Sicily
1995:Hemma
1488:Died:
1481:Born:
591:Notes
577:Henry
573:Agnes
558:Henry
554:Agnes
534:child
530:Henry
514:Issue
479:near
466:near
449:Padua
385:Worms
322:Rieti
264:Youth
189:Italy
140:House
128:Issue
2796:Ansa
1919:and
1483:1214
1437:ISBN
1418:ISBN
1397:ISBN
1364:ISBN
1351:link
1319:ISBN
506:and
498:and
481:Bari
399:and
270:Joan
258:York
203:Life
191:and
88:Died
75:1214
72:Born
52:and
2010:Ota
624:to
359:to
3108::
1347:}}
1343:{{
1241:^
1222:^
1199:^
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684:^
665:^
487:.
351:,
288:.
256:,
252:,
248:,
199:.
187:,
183:,
96:,
80:,
2729:e
2722:t
2715:v
2436:e
2429:t
2422:v
1965:e
1958:t
1951:v
1612:e
1605:t
1598:v
1445:.
1424:.
1405:.
1372:.
1353:)
1327:.
628:.
611:.
545:.
23:.
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