Italian front (World War I)

2912: 2219: 574: 334: 2149: 438: 228: 2431: 2047: 1799: 2012: 2204: 598: 371: 358: 347: 1894: 502: 267: 617: 484: 383: 241: 2703: 538: 311: 300: 173: 516: 280: 403: 557: 322: 422: 214: 2493: 48: 1977: 1995: 2614: 2505: 2605:(this category does not include soldiers who perished in the rear or as POWs) amounted to 4,538 officers and 150,812 soldiers, for a total of 155,350 dead. The losses were increasing over time; there were 31,135 killed in 1915, 38,519 in 1916, 42,309 in 1917 and 43,387 in 1918. While in 1915 killed-in-action fatalities on the Italian front constituted 18% of all Austro-Hungarian KIAs, in 1916 this figure was 41%, in 1917 it was 64%, and in 1918 it stood at 84%. 2337:. Characteristic of nearly every other theater of the war, the Italians found themselves on the verge of victory but could not secure it because their supply lines could not keep up with the front-line troops and they were forced to withdraw. However, the Italians despite suffering heavy casualties had almost exhausted and defeated the Austro-Hungarian army on the front, forcing them to call in German help for the much anticipated Caporetto Offensive. 2893: 2319: 1380:

Italy should find themselves under the necessity of modifying it by a temporary or permanent occupation on their part, this occupation shall take place only after a previous agreement between the two Powers, based upon the principle of reciprocal compensation for every advantage, territorial or other, which each of them might obtain beyond the present status quo, and giving satisfaction to the interests and well-founded claims of the two Parties.

471: 454: 201: 188: 1770:, it ran through mountainous territory, where the average ridge heights reached 2,700 to 3,200 meters. The higher mountainous regions have a highly rugged relief with little vegetation; Elevations over 2,500 meters are also covered by glaciers. The barren landscape and lack of sufficient arable land led to little development of these high elevations; settlement was largely limited to the lower-lying zones. From the Julian Alps to the 6194: 4936:

disposition of the High Command. On 6 May the 143rd Regiment (composed of troops from both the 143rd and 144th Regiments) sailed for Libya. The remaining troops of the 143rd and 144th Regiments reformed on the 144th Regiment HQ. On 4 July, the 144th Regiment left for Spresiano. On 4 July the brigade reformed with two regiments: 144th (9 companies) and 149th (12 companies).

1755:. Its total length was around 600 kilometers, of which 450 kilometers ran in high alpine terrain. This information relates to measurements as the crow flies. Taking into account the natural terrain, the many yokes, peaks and ridges with the resulting differences in height, the effective length was several thousand kilometers. 2091:. Moreover, preexisting equipment and munition shortages slowed progress and frustrated all expectations for a "Napoleonic style" breakout. Like most contemporaneous militaries, the Italian army primarily used horses for transport but struggled and sometimes failed to supply the troops sufficiently in the tough terrain. 2682:.The Governorate of Dalmatia had the provisional aim of ferrying the territory towards full integration into the Kingdom of Italy, progressively importing national legislation in place of the previous one. The Governorate of Dalmatia was evacuated following the Italo-Yugoslav agreements which resulted in the 2458:); the new class of conscripts born in 1899 who were turning 18 in 1917. In November 1917, British and French troops started to bolster the front line, from the 5 and 6 divisions respectively provided. Far more decisive to the war effort than their troops was the Allies economic assistance by providing 2661:

were occupied: the latter was not included in the territories originally promised secretly by the Allies to Italy in case of victory, but the Italians decided to intervene in reply to a local National Council, formed after the flight of the Hungarians, and which had announced the union to the Kingdom

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The Trappani Brigade was constituted in Palermo on 14 January 1915 with 3 regiments 143rd, 144th and 149th. In May it was dissolved. On 4 May the 149th Regiment was transferred to Brindisi, where it remained at the disposition of the Navy until, on 23 June, it moved into a war zone (Treviso) at the

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Shellfire in the rocky terrain caused 70% more casualties per rounds expended than on the soft ground in Belgium and France. By the autumn of 1917 the Italian army had suffered most of the deaths it was to incur during the war, yet the end of the war seemed to still be an eternity away. This was not

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acquired in 1913 from the British manufacturer Vickers. In line with the 1911 plan for creating 602 machine gun sections. By August 1914 only 150 of these had been created, meaning there was only one machine gun section per regiment, as opposed to one per battalion, as envisaged in the plans. By May

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and no hand grenades available at all. This inadequate supply of equipment especially limited the scope and efficiency of training throughout 1914 and 1915. Munitions were also urgently needed: in July 1914 only ca. 700 rounds were available per rifle, despite Cadorna's demand that 2,000 rounds each

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Controlled by the High Command. Attached: 149 A batteries Nos 2–6 (still at Stretti); 310 mm howitzer batteries Nos 3 & 4 (both arr. 1 June); 280 mm howitzer batteries Nos 1–3 (on 24 May via RR directed to Stazione for the Carnia ); 210 howitzer battery No 1 (on 24 May at Spillimbergo); 210 mm

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and poured in reinforcements that crushed the Austro-Hungarian defensive line. On 31 October, the Italian Army launched a full scale attack and the whole front began to collapse. On 3 November, 300,000 Austro-Hungarian soldiers surrendered, at the same day the Italians entered Trento and Trieste,

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the following: "The experience we have acquired in the eleventh battle has led me to believe that we should fare far worse in the twelfth. My commanders and brave troops have decided that such an unfortunate situation might be anticipated by an offensive. We have not the necessary means as regards

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The topographical characteristics of the front area had a concrete impact on the conduct of the war. The rocky ground, for example, made it difficult to dig trenches and in addition, the karst rock in the Isonzo Valley turned out to be an additional danger for the soldiers. If grenades exploded on

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Attached: 149 A batteries Nos 8 & 9; 305 mm howitzer batteries Nos 1 (arr. 1 June) & 2 (arr. 2 June); 280 mm howitzer battery Nos 4 (arr. 6 June), 5 (arr. 3 June), 6 (arr. 3 June) & 7 (arr. 6 June); 210 mm howitzer battery No 2 (arr. 30 May); 210 mortar batteries Nos 7, 8 (both arr. 3

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8 Mixed Regular & Mobile Militia Alpini battalions: Mondovi (9-11, 114 Cos); Pieve di Teco (2, 3, 8, 107, 115 Cos); Ceva (1, 4 & 5, 98, 116 Cos); Borgo San Dalmazzo (13–15, 99, 117 Cos); Dronero (17–19, 81, 101 Cos); Saluzzo (21–23, 80, 100 Cos); Tolmezzo (6, 12, 72, 109 Cos) & Gemona

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waited for more reinforcements to arrive from the Western Front. By the end of October 1918, Austro-Hungary was in a dire situation. Czechoslovakia, Croatia, and Slovenia proclaimed their independence and parts of their troops started deserting, disobeying orders and retreating. Many Czechoslovak

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However, if, in the course of events, the maintenance of the status quo in the regions of the Balkans or of the Ottoman coasts and islands in the Adriatic and in the Aegean Sea should become impossible, and if, whether in consequence of the action of a third Power or otherwise, Austria-Hungary or

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In Vittorio Veneto, Austria did not lose a battle, but lose the war and itself, dragging Germany in its fall. Without the destructive battle of Vittorio Veneto, we would have been able, in a military union with the Austro-Hungarian monarchy, to continue the desperate resistance through the whole

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failed to form a new government amid rising social tensions and threats from the king. When Parliament resumed on May 20 Salandra secured overwhelming majorities (367 to 54 and 407 to 74) on a Bill conferring extraordinary powers upon the Government in the event of war. General mobilization was

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The frequency of offensives for which the Italian soldiers partook between May 1915 and August 1917, one every three months, was higher than demanded by the armies on the Western Front. Italian discipline was also harsher, with punishments for infractions of duty of a severity not known in the

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That the opportunity for a quick breakthrough was not used was partly due to the slow mobilization of the Italian army. Due to the poorly developed transport network, the provision of troops and war material could only be completed in mid-June, i.e. a month later than estimated by the military

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8 Territorial Militia Alpini battalions: Val d’Eilero (209, 210 cos); Val d’ Arroscia (202, 203, 208 Cos); Val Tanaro (201, 204 cos); Valle Stura (213–215 cos); Val Maira (217–219 cos); Val Varaita (221–223 cos); Val Tagliamento (212 & 272 cos) & Val Fella (269 & 270

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plain and thus cutting off the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th Italian Armies in the North East of the country. The offensive began on 15 May 1916 with 15 divisions, and resulted in initial gains, but then the Italians counterattacked and pushed the Austro-Hungarians back to the Tyrol.

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to the Austro-Hungarian front and helped work on a new offensive. Meanwhile, mutinies and plummeting morale crippled the Italian Army from within. The soldiers lived in poor conditions and engaged in attack after attack that often yielded minimal or no military gain.

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named Lawine, which the Italians repulsed after two days of fighting. Austrian deserters betrayed the objectives of the upcoming offensive, which allowed the Italians to move two armies directly in the path of the Austrian prongs. The other prong, led by general

2098:. In the northern section of the front, the Italians managed to overrun Mount Batognica over Kobarid (Caporetto), which would have an important strategic value in future battles. This bloody offensive concluded in stalemate when both sides ran out of ammunition. 2391:

gas shells were fired as part of a huge artillery barrage, followed by infantry using infiltration tactics, bypassing enemy strong points and attacking on the Italian rear. At the end of the first day, the Italians had retreated 19 kilometres (12 miles) to the

2265:, December 1916 would see 10,000 soldiers on both sides killed by avalanches in the Dolomites. Numerous avalanches were caused by the Italians and Austro-Hungarians purposefully firing artillery shells on the mountainside, while others were naturally caused. 1953:

became the standard machine gun of the Italian army and a total of 309 sections had been created, with 618 guns in total; though this was an improvement it was still only half the planned number, leaving many battalions to do without. In contrast a standard

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treaties with Austria-Hungary. However, this did not happen and this became one of the reasons for Italy to break its alliance with Austria-Hungary in 1915. The mutual compensation clause was Article 7 of the 1909 and of 5 December 1912 versions of the same

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to discuss how the borders of Europe should be redefined to help avoid a future European war. The talks provided little territorial gain to Italy as Wilson promised freedom to all European nationalities to form their nation-states. As a result, the

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front. The transfer of the 5th Army and additional troops from the east went smoothly; within a few weeks, Archduke Eugen had around 225,000 soldiers under his command. In June the 48. Division (FML Theodor Gabriel) and finally, in July, the four

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in Libya (1911–1912), the Italian military suffered equipment and munition shortages not yet repaired before Italian entry into the Great War. At the opening of the campaign, Austro-Hungarian troops occupied and fortified high ground of the

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6 June 18 Light Cavalry Regiment of Piacenza arrived and was attached to X Corps; the regiment arrived with 5 squadrons ( Nos 1, 2, 4, 5& 6) with Squadron No 3 in Libya. 5 June 1 Bersagliari Cyclist Battalion left Naples to join this

1914:

A general attack on the most important penetration points, such as the Stilfser Joch, Etschtal, Valsugana, Rollepass , Kreuzbergpass, could have led to significant enemy successes in view of the extremely weak defense forces in

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29 May the 3rd Group of Mobile Militia cavalry (Squadrons Nos 5 & 6) arrived and were attached to 26th Division. 11 June, the 9th Group of Mobile Militia cavalry (Squadrons Nos 17 & 18) arrived and were attached to 29th

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15 batteries of mountain artillery: Oneglia Group (batteries 23, 26 & 27); Vincenza Group (batteries 19–21); Genove Group (batteries 28 & 29); Torino Aosta Group (batteries 4–6) and Independent batteries: 1, 8, 57 &

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Italy ordered general mobilization on May 22, 1915 and by the end of June four armies had marched into the north-east border area. In the deployment plan of the Italian general staff (Commando Supremo) under the direction of FM

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How many of the 175,041 missing were presumed dead by 1921 is not determined. Overall 341,601 Austro-Hungarian soldiers and officers were missing and presumed dead by 1921, an unknown share of that falls onto the Italian

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to the Italian commander to ask again for an armistice and terms of peace. The terms were arranged by telegraph with the Allied authorities in Paris, communicated to the Austro-Hungarian commander, and were accepted. The

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to Italy as had been promised. Furthermore, the British and French decided to divide the German overseas colonies into their mandates, with Italy receiving none. Italy also gained no territory from the breakup of the

2585:

Italian military deaths numbered 834 senior officers and generals, 16,872 junior officers, 16,302 non-commissioned officers, and 497,103 enlisted men, for a total of over 531,000 dead. Of these, 257,418 men came from

2084:. Because the Austrian forces occupied higher ground, Italians conducted difficult offensives while climbing. The Italian forces therefore failed to drive much beyond the river, and the battle ended on 7 July 1915. 2598:. While the KIA numbers of Italian soldiers on the Italian front in 1915 were 66,090 killed, in 1916 this figure was 118,880 killed, in 1917 it was 152,790 killed, and in 1918 it stood at 40,250 killed soldiers. 1845:

which was suitable for operations in the high mountains, the first divisions arrived on May 26; a short time later, the Alpenkorps was already taking part in combat operations against Italian units, although the

2168:, which boosted Italian spirits. The Seventh, Eighth, and Ninth battles of the Isonzo (14 September – 4 November) managed to accomplish little except to wear down the already exhausted armies of both nations. 5271:

Klavora, Karstfront, p. 21; Hans Jürgen Pantenius, Der Angriffsgedanke gegen Italien bei Conrad von Hötzendorf. Ein Beitrag zur Koalitionskriegsführung im Ersten Weltkrieg, Bd. 1, Wien 1984, 613

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either. Due to the hesitant implementation of Cadorna's attack plans, the chance to score the decisive blow right at the beginning was lost. FML Cletus Pichler, the chief of staff of the LVK Tirol, wrote:

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was signed in the Villa Giusti, near Padua, on 3 November, and took effect at three o'clock in the afternoon of 4 November. Austria and Hungary signed separate armistices following the overthrow of the

5099: 1226: 2911: 2462:(steel, coal and crops – provided by the British but imported from Argentina – etc.), which Italy always lacked sorely. In the spring of 1918, Germany pulled out its troops for use in its upcoming 2543:

To the disappointment of Italy's allies, no counter-offensive followed the Battle of Piave. The Italian Army had suffered huge losses in the battle, and considered an offensive dangerous. General

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and with extremely cold winters. Fighting along the front displaced much of the local population, and several thousand civilians died from malnutrition and illness in Italian and Austro-Hungarian

2112:. Both sides suffered more casualties, but the Italians conquered important entrenchments, and the battle ended on 2 December for exhaustion of armaments, but occasional skirmishing persisted. 4675:

28 May the 17th Light Cavalry Regiment of Caserta arrived and was attached to VI Corps. The regiment arrived with 5 squadrons, with 1st bis Squadron replacing 1st Squadron, which was in Libya.

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11 June, 23rd squadron of mobile militia cavalry; 29 June, 21st squadron of mobile militia cavalry: both arrived & attached to V Corps. Attached: 305 mm howitzer battery 5 (arr. 1 June).

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summit between the Roncone and the Tomatico mountains; although numerically inferior (51,000 against 120,000) the Italian Army managed to halt the Austro-Hungarian and German armies in the

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3 June 14 Light Cavalry Regiment of Alessandria arrived and attached to IV Corps. Also on 3 June, 2nd Group of mobile militia cavalry (Squadrons 3 & 4) arrived and attached to IV Corps.

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36th Field Artillery Regiment (2 groups w 5 field batteries) 75/911 plus 3 (sic 6?) mt. batteries: 13th Mt Group (Mt batteries 37–39) & 14th Mt. Group (Mt batteries 63, 64 & 65)

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disintegrated due to military defeats and subsequent turmoils caused by pacifists and separatists. All military operations on the front came to an end with the entry into force of the

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Regular & Mobile Militia Alpini Battalions: Aosta (41–43 Reg Cos, 87, 103 MM Cos); Ivrea (38–40, 86, 111 Cos); Intra (7, 24, 37, 112 Cos) & Cividale (16, 20, 76, 87, 103 Cos)

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on 9 March 1916, and captured the strategic Mount Sabatino. But Austria-Hungary repulsed all other attacks, and the battle concluded on 16 March in poor weather for trench warfare.

7728: 1193: 3009:

Mixed Regular & Mobile Militia Alpini battalions: Morbegno (44, 45, 47, 88, 104 Cos); Tirano (46, 48, 49, 89, 113 Cos); Edolo (50–52, 90, 105 Cos) and Vestone (53–55, 91 Cos)

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Although the Italian armed forces were numerically superior, things initially remained surprisingly quiet on the southwestern front. No attempt was made to break through on the

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on 23 June 1915, Italian forces outnumbered the Austrians three-to-one but failed to penetrate the strong Austro-Hungarian defensive lines in the highlands of northwestern

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Table on allocation of mountain batteries (L'Esercito italiano nella grande guerra, Vol I-bis, p. 98) lists both 13th Group & 14th Group with the 36th Field Artillery.

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Despite a professional officer corps, severely under-equipped Italian units lacked morale. Also many troops deeply disliked the newly appointed Italian commander, general

899: 1183: 3091:

41st Field Artillery Regiment (6 batteries) 75/906; 9th Co, 2nd Sapper Regiment; Mobile Militia cavalry: 21st Squadron (arr. 11 June) & 23rd Squadron (arr. 29 June)

52:

Clockwise: Italian soldiers listening to their general's speech; Austro-Hungarian trench on the Isonzo; Austro-Hungarian trench in the Alps; Italian trench on the Piave

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would be encouraged to join them after Italy did the same. The Treaty was agreed to be kept a secret according to Article 16, and remained so until December 1917 when

5042:, Milan 2004, pp. 49–50. Does not include 18,049 who died. Includes 89,760 recruited into various units and sent back to fight the AH army, and 12,238 who were freed. 7825: 1198: 1163: 1153: 3117:

Mixed Regular & Mobile Militia Alpini battalions: Verona (56–58, 73, 92 Cos); Vincenza (59–61, 93, 108 Cos); Bassano (77–79, 106 Cos) and Feltre (64–66, 95 Cos)

7462: 6633: 3529: 3379:

Regular & Mobile Militia Alpini Battalions: Pinerolo (25–27, 82 Cos); Susa (34–36, 85, 102 Cos); Exilles (31–33, 84 Cos) & Val Pellice (41–43, 87, 103 Cos)

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Advancing deep and fast, the Austro-Hungarians outran their supply lines, which forced them to stop and regroup. The Italians, pushed back to defensive lines near

1112: 1018: 909: 4372:

8th Cavalry Brigade – 19th Light Cavalry Regiment Guide (Squadron Nos 1, 3, 4, 5 & 6) (arr. 8 June) & 28th Light Cavalry Regiment of Treviso (arr. 7 June)

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6 batteries of mountain artillery: Mt batteries 13, 14, 15 & 55 (Conegliano Group); Mt battery 51 (Torino-Susa Group) & Mt battery 52 (Torino-Aosta Group)

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The Italians directed a two-pronged attack against the Austrian lines north and east of Gorizia. The Austrians checked the advance east, but Italian forces under

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pieces and munitions were not the only area where shortages were acute. In August 1914 the Italian army had at its disposal only 750,000 rifles of the standard

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Territorial Militia Alpini battalions: Val d’Intelvi (244, 245, 247 Cos); Valtellina (246, 248, 249 Cos); Val Camonica (250-52 Cos) and Val Chiese (253-54 Cos)

2218: 1178: 812: 8365: 8120: 7847: 7539: 6504: 5103: 4419: 3048: 894: 3956:

Mixed Regular & Mobile Militia Alpini Battalions – Fenestrelle (28, 29, 30, 83 Cos); Pieve di Cadore (67, 68, 75, 96 Cos) & Belluno (77–79, 106 Cos)

2164:, launched by the Italians in August, resulted in a success greater than the previous attacks. The offensive gained nothing of strategic value but did take 8227: 2469:

The Austro-Hungarians now began debating how to finish the war in Italy. The Austro-Hungarian generals disagreed on how to administer the final offensive.

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and placing explosive charges beneath the enemy's positions. Between 1 January 1916 and 13 March 1918, Austro-Hungarian and Italian units fired a total of

1148: 2238:. In order to protect their soldiers from enemy fire and the hostile alpine environment, both Austro-Hungarian and Italian military engineers constructed 8135: 7890: 1168: 942: 8130: 7820: 7771: 7686: 3583:

1st Cavalry Brigade – 13th Light Cavalry Regiment of Monferrato (-) (4 squadrons) (arr. 10 May) & 20th Light Cavalry Regiment of Rome (arr. 10 May)

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Two weeks later on 18 July 1915, the Italians attempted another frontal assault against the Austro-Hungarian trench lines with more artillery in the

648: 5762: 5077: 3368:

Territorial Militia Alpini battalions: Val Natisone (216, 220 Cos); Val Orco (238, 239 Cos); Val Baltea (241, 242 Cos) & Val Toce (207, 243 Cos)

3120:

Territorial Militia Alpini battalions: Val d’Adige (256–258 Cos); Val Leogra (259, 260 Cos); Val Brenta (262, 263 Cos) and Val Cismon (264, 265 Cos)

4841:

5 June the Royal Piemonte Cavalry Regiment (-) (Squadrons Nos 3, 4 & 5) joined XIII Corps; the other two squadrons were attached to XIV Corps.

7815: 7180: 6060:

Les armées françaises dans la Grande guerre. Tome X. 1er Volume. Ordres de bataille des grandes unités - Groupes D'Armées, Armées, Corps d'Armées

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42nd Field Artillery Regiment (6 batteries) 75/906; 15th Co, 1st Sapper Regiment; 5th Group of mobile militia cavalry (9th & 10th Squadrons)

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V, VII, IX, XVII & XVIII Battalions, Royal Customs Guards (Coastal) (Reale Guardia di Finanza di costieri) with Autonomous Cos. 11 and 52

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on the Western Front. As a result of the Spring Offensive, Britain and France also pulled half of their divisions back to the Western Front.

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The 70 mm pack mountain gun (model 70/15) was introduced in 1904. The gun could be broken down into 4 pieces for transport by pack animals.

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troops, in fact, started working for the Allied Cause, and in September 1918, five Czechoslovak Regiments were formed in the Italian Army.

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10 June 29 Light Cavalry Regiment of Udine arrived and was attached to VII Corps. Also attached: 310 mm howitzer battery 6 (arr. 10 July)

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The 149 A cannon was a 149 mm cannon (model 149/35 A) with a steel barrel first manufactured in 1900 to replace the older 149 G (149/23).

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Under command of the Presidio of the Verona Fortress (together with five batteries of 87 B, 1 battery of 149 G. & 2 batteries of 57)

2450:, had suffered 600,000 casualties to this point in the war. Because of these losses, the Italian Government called to arms the so-called 1962:"Schwarzlose", one for each battalion, whilst a standard British regiment had by February 1915 four machine gun sections per battalion. 1629: 556: 427: 321: 219: 5126: 3959:

Territorial Militia Alpini Battalions – Val Chisone (228–230 Cos); Val Piave (267 & 268 Cos) & Val Cordevole (206 & 266 Cos)

6474: 5748: 855: 4350:

5th Cavalry Brigade – 12th Light Cavalry Regiment of Saluzzo (arr. 7 June) & 24th Light Cavalry Regiment of Vincinza (arr. 20 May)

6804: 5502: 2148: 1778:. This area is also sparsely populated and characterized by a harsh climate with cold winters and very hot and dry summers. A craggy 4326:

47th Field Artillery Regiment (5 batteries) plus 3 batteries of 27th & 2 batteries of 19th Field Artillery Regiments; all 75/906

2430: 2105:, another attack. Forces of Austria-Hungary repulsed this Italian offensive, which concluded on 4 November without resulting gains. 6456: 2287: 2198: 838: 8125: 8355: 8057: 7895: 7882: 7839: 7748: 7474: 7283: 7190: 7092: 6850: 6497: 4510:

The heavy field artillery batteries were armed with Krupp 149/12 howitzers, which were essentially Krupp 15 cm M. 1913 howitzers.

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comprising (1) 23rd Division, 24th Division, (2) 46th Division, 47th Division and (3) 64th Division, 65th Division respectively.

935: 889: 494: 2046: 8249: 8239: 8107: 3743:

3rd Cavalry Brigade – 7th Lancer Regiment of Milano (arr. 16 May) & 10th Lancer Regiment of Victor Emanuel II (arr. 21 May)

2781: 105: 4877:

5 June Squadron Nos 1 & 2 of Royal Piemonte Cavalry Regiment joined XIV Corps; the rest of the regiment joined XIII Corps.

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On 26 May His Royal Highness assumed command of the 3rd Army, which from 24 to 26 May was held temporarily by General Garioni.

8375: 8021: 7955: 7792: 7671: 7344: 6370: 6226: 6088: 5795: 5614: 5444:

The book includes: – A detailed overview of the Italian Campaign and its battles. – Notes on the Divisions engaged in Italy.

5437: 5412: 729: 641: 6063:. Ministère De la Guerre, Etat-Major de l'Armée - Service Historique (in French) (1st ed.). Paris: Imprimerie Nationale 8350: 8196: 7616: 6408: 2738: 1798: 771: 585: 7967: 6926: 6431: 4424: 2473:

decided for a two-pronged offensive, where it would prove impossible for the two forces to communicate in the mountains.

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on 4 November 1918. Italy entered into World War I also with the aim of completing national unity with the annexation of

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based on Official Documents by Direction of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Maps in rear cover folder. London: HMSO.

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mortar batteries Nos 1, 2 (24 May both at Spilimbergo), 3 (29 May at Chiusaforte), 4 (24 May at Spilimbergo), 5 & 6.

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35th Field Artillery Regiment (8 batteries) 75/911 (arr. 28–30 May); 4th Co, 1st Sapper Regiment (not arrived by 24 May)

8166: 7456: 6865: 6623: 5905: 4850:

3 June, the 10th Group of Mobile Militia cavalry (Squadron Nos 19 & 20) arrived and were attached to 25th Division.

2310:. In April 1916, the Italians detonated explosives under the peaks of Col Di Lana, killing numerous Austro-Hungarians. 1929:

be found in preparation for war, by May 1915 the army had only succeeded in procuring 900 rounds per rifle. Meanwhile,

1321: 928: 860: 4886:

30 June, the 7th Group of Mobile Militia cavalry (Squadron Nos 13 & 14) arrived and was attached to 28th Division.

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1 June, the 6th Group of Mobile Militia cavalry (Squadron Nos 11 & 12) arrived and were attached to 30th Division.

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4 June 15 Light Cavalry Regiment of Lodi (Squadrons 2–6) arrived and attached to XII Corps. Squadron 1 was in Libya.

3732:

15th Field Artillery Regiment (8 batteries) 75/911 (arr. 28 May); 3rd Co, 1st Sapper Regiment (not arrived by 24 May)

2470: 2011: 1333: 20: 4353:

6th Cavalry Brigade – 3rd Cavalry Regiment Savoia (arr 6 June) & 8th Lancer Regiment of Montebello (arr. 3 June)

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4th Cavalry Brigade – 6th Lancer Regiment of Aosta (arr. 9 June) & 25th Lancer Regiment of Mantova (arr. 30 May)

3729:"Ferrara" Brigade (not arrived by 24 May) – 47th (II, III, IV; 9 cos only) & 48th (I, II, IV) Infantry Regiments 3586:

2nd Cavalry Brigade – 4th Cavalry Regiment of Genova (arr. 10 May) & 5th Lancer Regiment of Novara (arr. 12 May)

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The 2nd and 3rd Armies on the other hand, were opposed to the 5th k.u.k. Army, in the Julian Alps and on the Isonzo.

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4th Cavalry Brigade – 1st Cavalry Regiment Nizza (arr. 5 June) & 26th Lancer Regiment of Vercelli (arr. 5 June)

2477: 2425: 1108: 634: 4868:

12 June, the 8th Group of Mobile Militia cavalry (Squadron Nos 15 & 16) arrived and attached to 31st Division.

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is appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs and makes it a priority to pressure Austria-Hungary on Article 7 of the

1091: 766: 671: 39: 6964: 2789: 8092: 8087: 8082: 8072: 7766: 6418: 6393: 6291: 5686: 5668: 5021: 2752: 778: 756: 100: 3893:

20th Field Artillery Regiment (8 batteries) 75/906; 11th Co, 1st Sapper Regiment; 14th Co, 2nd Sapper Regiment

3726:"Brescia" Brigade (not arrived by 24 May) – 19th (I, II, IV; 9 cos only) & 20th (I-III) Infantry Regiments 1850:

was not officially at war with Italy until August 28, 1916. The "Armeegruppe Rohr" stood under the command of

1826: 375: 8067: 8062: 8026: 7960: 7852: 7698: 7288: 7140: 6678: 6606: 6537: 6306: 6276: 6271: 6133:

Exact figures missing in von Horstenau's work for the year 1916 are provided for August in Wilfried Thanner,

5303:

Wilcox, Vanda, Morale and the Italian Army during the First World War, Cambridge University Press, 2016 p. 95

5281:

Wilcox, Vanda, Morale and the Italian Army during the First World War, Cambridge University Press, 2016 p. 95

2863: 2360: 2341: 2051: 1950: 1118: 1076: 1014: 3715:"Pisa" Brigade (not arrived by 24 May) – 29th (II-IV; 9 cos only) & 30th (I, III, IV) Infantry Regiments 2679: 8016: 7643: 7583: 7480: 7385: 7155: 6941: 6645: 6484: 6383: 4375:

4th Group Horse Artillery (Horse Artillery batteries 7 & 8) 75/912 (left Milano 4 June for Portogruaro)

3478:

2 groups of 2 batteries of 149 A cannon (149 A batteries 1, 7, 11 & 12) (for the "first bound forward")

2489:

initially experienced success until aircraft bombed their supply lines and Italian reinforcements arrived.

2408: 1817:

on May 22, 1915 and was given supreme command of the new southwest front. Together with his chief of staff

1601: 1480:, in a dispatch from April 1914, Pollio was considered the utmost stable, loyal and fully committed to the 1128: 1096: 1034: 872: 865: 746: 458: 192: 5158: 1573: 1392:: The war is regarded as a major escalation stage on the way to the First World War. The weakening of the 8254: 7691: 7676: 7534: 7486: 7258: 6809: 6683: 6596: 6591: 6348: 6343: 5956: 2870: 2345: 2109: 2095: 1774:, the mountains are constantly losing on height and only rarely reach 1,000 meters as in the area around 1613: 1441: 1282: 1039: 997: 982: 683: 678: 6870: 4576:

2 June, 1st Group of mobile militia cavalry (Squadrons 1 & 2) arrived and attached to 32nd Division.

4528:

4 June, 4th Group of mobile militia cavalry (Squadrons 7 & 8) arrived and attached to 15th Division.

2829:("The Leader"), and he used black-shirted paramilitary in his assault on Fiume. The leadership title of 1400:

viewed the Ottomans as an ally and Austria-Hungary's position was further complicated by the subsequent

8234: 8191: 7468: 7233: 7218: 7120: 6989: 6557: 6469: 6426: 6184: 4639:

The 149 G cannon was a 149 mm cannon (model 149/23) with a cast iron barrel first manufactured in 1882.

3737:

2nd Cavalry Division (or Detachment of San Giorgio di Nogaro) (Lieutenant General Giovanni Vercellana)

2181: 2161: 2116: 2102: 2077: 1842: 1822: 1061: 1044: 1009: 992: 972: 850: 785: 1871:

were added. A major advantage of the Austro-Hungarian defense was its entrenchment on higher ground.

1286: 8176: 7944: 7528: 7516: 7278: 7263: 6984: 6875: 6569: 6547: 6296: 6286: 6219: 6174: 6076: 5651: 5400: 5208:

Helmut Peter, Das Wesen des Hochgebirgskrieges 1915–1917/1918. phil. Dipl., Wien 1997 (masch.), p. 6.

4980: 4747:

1st bis Co replaced 1st Co which was in the colonies; one battalion detached to 2nd Cavalry Division.

3481:

1 group of 3 batteries of 149 G cannon (149 G batteries 5, 6 & 7) (for the "first bound forward")

3351: 3345: 2960:

27th Field Artillery Regiment (-) (5 batteries) 75/906 (arr. 7–13 June); 10th Co, 2nd Sapper Regiment

2734: 2622: 2538: 2517: 2513: 2497: 2306:

with 4 mines. The explosive charges ranged from 110 to 50,000 kilograms (240–110,230 pounds) of

1893: 1810: 1557: 1309: 1158: 1133: 95: 7130: 3423:"Aosta" Brigade – 5th Infantry Regiment (II-IV; 9 cos only) &6th (I, III, IV) Infantry Regiments 8151: 7638: 7628: 7557: 7510: 7498: 7438: 7253: 7248: 7170: 6579: 6552: 6256: 5929: 4462: 4454: 4388:"Trappani" Brigade – 144th Infantry Regiment (I, II, III; 9 cos only) & 149th Infantry Regiment 3976: 3336: 3108: 3099: 3000: 2903: 2785: 2745: 2683: 2274: 2194: 1868: 1838: 1071: 1024: 977: 475: 205: 4087:"Friuli" Brigade – 87th (I bis, II bis, III bis; 9 cos only) & 88th (I-III) Infantry Regiments 362: 8222: 8214: 8156: 7916: 7611: 7374: 7208: 7203: 7135: 6994: 6979: 6974: 6954: 6835: 6712: 6141:

and for the time period 15 May – 31 July 1916, from k.u.k. official reports, in Gianni Pieropan,

6138: 4356:

3rd Group Horse Artillery (Horse Artillery batteries 5 & 6) 75/912 (29 May at Ponte di Piave)

4315:

45th Field Artillery Regiment (6 batteries) 75/906 (arr. 9–12 June); 21st Co, 2nd Sapper Regiment

4107:

37th Field Artillery Regiment (6 batteries) 75/906 (arr. 31 May); Special Co, 2nd Sapper Regiment

2707: 2521: 2463: 2101:

The Italians recuperated, rearmed with 1200 heavy guns, and then on 18 October 1915 launched the

1959: 1818: 1625: 1254: 7175: 5898:

Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Encyclopedia of Casualty and Other Figures, 1492-2015

4165:

34th Field Artillery Regiment (8 batteries) 75/906 (arr. 5–6 June); 10th Co, 1st Sapper Regiment

3382:

Territorial Militia Alpini Battalions: Val Cenischia (234, 235 Cos) &Val Dora (231, 232 Cos)

2841:. The demand for the Italian annexation of Fiume spread to all sides of the political spectrum. 7989: 7713: 7648: 7504: 7238: 7165: 7115: 7100: 7082: 7055: 6969: 6936: 6601: 6562: 6542: 6353: 6246: 4217:

39th Field Artillery Regiment (6 batteries) 75/906 (arr. 13 June); 18th Co, 1st Sapper Regiment

2816: 2731: 2569: 2525: 1692:. May 13, threatened without a majority in Parliament Salandra resignes from office and orders 1681: 1553: 1545: 1529: 1509: 1481: 1370: 688: 6058: 5723: 4301:

38th Field Artillery Regiment (6 batteries) 75/906 (arr. 8 June); 20th Co, 2nd Sapper Regiment

4159:"Savona" Brigade – 15th (I-III) & 16th (II bis, IV & V; only 9 cos) Infantry Regiments 3449:

3rd Group, 10th Field Artillery Regiment (batteries 6, 7 & 8); 4th Co, 2nd Sapper Regiment

2702: 2551:

By October 1918, Italy finally had enough soldiers to mount an offensive. The attack targeted

338: 7979: 7633: 7522: 7298: 7268: 7198: 7145: 7067: 7035: 7009: 6959: 6890: 6792: 6745: 6529: 6398: 6281: 5325: 5318: 5171:

Krieg um die Alpen: Der Erste Weltkrieg im Alpenraum und der bayerische Grenzschutz in Tirol.

4093:

32nd Field Artillery Regiment (8 batteries) 75/906 (arr. 29 May); 8th Co, 2nd Sapper Regiment

3934:

13th Field Artillery Regiment (8 batteries) 75/911 (arr. 31 May); 5th Co, 1st Sapper Regiment

3680:

18th Field Artillery Regiment (8 batteries) 75/906 (arr. 28 May); 7th Co, 1st Sapper Regiment

2845: 2070: 2041: 1983: 1955: 1803: 1665: 1633: 1417: 1188: 751: 573: 443: 333: 233: 160: 5960: 5456: 5009: 3484:

2 groups of 4 batteries of pack 70 A cannon. (pack batteries 1, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 11 & 20)

3357:

Mondavi Group Mountain Artillery (Mt batteries 10, 11, 12, 54); 17th Co, 1st Sapper Regiment

2127:

Following Italy's stalemate, the Austro-Hungarian forces began planning a counteroffensive (

1920:

leadership. The Italian army also suffered from many shortcomings on the structural level.

1758:

The front touched very different geographical areas: in the first three sections - from the

1549: 8329: 8244: 6931: 6905: 6855: 6212: 6050: 5919: 5915: 3443:"Piemonte" Brigade – 3rd (II, III, IV; 9 cos only) & 4th (I, II, IV) Infantry Regiments 2764: 2759: 2364: 2177: 2081: 1851: 1677: 1473: 1325: 1123: 6880: 4702:

The 2nd Group of this regiment (batteries 4 & 5) was assigned to 1st Cavalry Division.

2486: 1609: 1468:, the Chief of Staff of the Italian army since 1908, dies unexpectedly and is replaced by 1028: 8: 8311: 7450: 7314: 7273: 7150: 7110: 7105: 7050: 6733: 6727: 6628: 6121: 5952:(= Innsbrucker Forschungen zur Zeitgeschichte, Band 12), Vienna/Innsbruck 1995, pp. 27–60 2878: 2820: 2711: 2399:

When the Austro-Hungarian offensive routed the Italians, the new Italian chief of staff,

2372: 2323: 2262: 1653: 1405: 1358: 1329: 1324:, in a historiographical perspective that identifies in the latter the conclusion of the 1313: 1081: 1049: 824: 414: 8264: 5581: 5575: 4006:

5th & 6th Groups, 2nd Heavy Field Artillery Regiment (batteries 11, 12, 13 & 14)

2563:

On 3 November, the military leaders of the already disintegrated Austria-Hungary sent a

2334: 8271: 8186: 7545: 7409: 7391: 7356: 7320: 7160: 7125: 7077: 7062: 6949: 6900: 6739: 6698: 6378: 5863: 4458: 3873:"Como" Brigade – 23rd (I, IV & V; 9 cos only) & 24th (I-III) Infantry Regiments 3853:"Parma" Brigade – 49th (I-III) &50th (I, IV & V; 9 cos only) Infantry Regiments 2980: 2748: 2741: 2459: 2356: 2352: 2243: 1855: 1744: 1649: 1505: 1366: 1086: 967: 741: 4994:

Statistics of the Military Effort of the British Empire During the Great War 1914–1920

4474:

Roman numerals indicate battalion numbers; missing numbers were with the Colonial Army

3712:

The Queen's ("Regina") Brigade (not arrived by 24 May) – 9th Infantry Regiment (I-III)

3420:"Verona" Brigade – 85th (I-III) & 86th (I, III, IV; 9 cos only) Infantry Regiments 3015:

III Battalion, Royal Customs Guards (Frontier) (Reale Guardia di Finanza di frontiers)

1320:: for this reason, the Italian intervention in the World War I is also considered the 8304: 8298: 8259: 8161: 7994: 7577: 7432: 7415: 7223: 7045: 7025: 6860: 6845: 6775: 6763: 6464: 6441: 6388: 6084: 6032: 6028: 6000: 5978: 5933: 5901: 5882: 5849: 5791: 5742: 5640:

Ministry of War and later Ministry of Defence: Albo d’Oro , 28 vols., Rome 1926–1964.

5628:

winter, in order to obtain a less harsh peace, because the Allies were very fatigued.

5610: 5585: 5554: 5529: 5433: 5408: 5329: 5132: 4968: 4765:

The Brigade headquarters and 10th Infantry Regiment detached to 2nd Cavalry Division.

3393:

5th Bersaglieri Regiment (Btns 14, 22 bis, 24) with 5th Bersaglieri Cyclist Battalion

2941: 2886: 2854: 2574: 2393: 2269: 2020: 1941: 1748: 1709: 1569: 1497: 1449: 1448:

Austria-Hungary into a tripartite state Austria-Hungary-Croatia, which competed with

1413: 1409: 1389: 1262: 1238: 1066: 987: 845: 797: 736: 693: 110: 5923: 3440:"Napoli" Brigade – 75th (I, II, IV; 9 cos only) &76th (I-III) Infantry Regiments 1864: 1644:

on the other, in order to entice the latter to enter World War I on the side of the

7362: 7332: 7326: 7243: 7072: 7040: 7030: 6769: 6693: 6688: 6616: 6436: 6336: 5622: 4981:"War Losses (Italy) | International Encyclopedia of the First World War (WW1)" 4078: 3703: 3645: 3077:

19th Field Artillery Regiment (-) (6 batteries) 75/906; 1st Co, 2nd Sapper Regiment

2852:

to Italy. Italy's lack of territorial gain led to the outcome being denounced as a

2838: 2602: 2283: 2235: 2128: 1705: 1641: 1593: 1525: 1521: 1501: 1296:

Military operations came to an end in 1918 with Italian victory and the capture of

1258: 1246: 1217: 829: 817: 802: 790: 715: 710: 537: 408: 310: 299: 177: 172: 4756:

2 June 11 Light Cavalry Regiment of Foggia arrived and was attached to this corps.

1739:(at the border triangle between Italy, Austria-Hungary and Switzerland) along the 8171: 8011: 7350: 6910: 6885: 6584: 6492: 6331: 5785: 4133: 3931:"Torino" Brigade – 81st (I-III) & 82nd (IV-VI; 9 cos only) Infantry Regiments 2930: 2866: 2834: 2723: 2552: 2532: 2153: 1902: 1834: 1790:

the porous surface fragments of the exploding rock acted as additional shrapnel.

1740: 1689: 1512:, since he foresaw that consent would only be given in exchange for compensation. 1433: 1362: 1305: 1250: 1230: 879: 720: 705: 597: 507: 370: 357: 346: 272: 4537:

Five batteries arrived on 26 May; the other two batteries assigned to XIV Corps.

4409:

4 squadrons aeroplanes (Nos. 4th Bleriot, 5th Newport, 9th & 10th H. Farman)

4203:

46th Field Artillery Regiment (8 batteries) 75/906; 15th Co, 2nd Sapper Regiment

4162:"Cagliari" Brigade – 63rd (I, II & IV) & 64th (I-III) Infantry Regiments 3328:

40th Field Artillery Regiment (6 batteries) 75/906; 14th Co, 1st Sapper Regiment

3259:

48th Field Artillery Regiment (6 batteries) 75/906; 13th Co, 2nd Sapper Regiment

3063:

29th Field Artillery Regiment (8 batteries) 75/906; 12th Co, 1st Sapper Regiment

2974:

16th Field Artillery Regiment (8 batteries) 75/906; 11th Co, 2nd Sapper Regiment

1565: 8004: 7984: 7655: 7368: 7213: 7004: 6895: 6751: 6655: 6638: 3948:

33rd Field Artillery Regiment (8 batteries) 75/911; 8th Co, 1st Sapper Regiment

3575:

30th Field Artillery Regiment (8 batteries) 75/906; 7th Co, 2nd Sapper Regiment

3300:

21st Field Artillery Regiment (8 batteries) 75/911; 1st Co, 1st Sapper Regiment

3245:

26th Field Artillery Regiment (8 batteries) 75/906; 3rd Co, 2nd Sapper Regiment

3231:

23rd Field Artillery Regiment (8 batteries) 75/906; 2nd Co, 2nd Sapper Regiment

3208: 2777: 2755: 2595: 2587: 2349: 2279: 2247: 2239: 1930: 1661: 1645: 1637: 1605: 1597: 1541: 1465: 1393: 1354: 1278: 387: 255: 79: 4275:"Caltanissetta" Brigade – 147th (I-III) & 148th (I-III) Infantry Regiments 2957:"Palermo" Brigade – 67th (I-III) and 68th (I, III & IV) Infantry Regiments 2359:

of July 1917 failed. Also arrived German troops from Romanian front after the

1860: 8344: 8115: 7403: 7397: 6840: 6757: 6668: 4266: 3844: 2948: 2882: 2591: 2330: 2307: 2251: 2088: 2066: 2029: 1876: 1847: 1814: 1693: 1685: 1469: 1445: 1397: 1245:. It involved a series of military engagements along the border between the 616: 521: 489: 382: 304: 285: 246: 4684:

The other squadron of this regiment was attached to the Carnia Zone command.

4214:"Alessandria" Brigade – 155th (I-III) & 156th (I-III) Infantry Regiments 3552:

14th Field Artillery Regiment (8 batteries) 75/906 (3 batteries arr. 27 May)

3549:

The King's ("Re") Brigade – 1st (I-III) & 2nd (I-III) Infantry Regiments

2492: 1253:

from 1915 to 1918. Following secret promises made by the Allies in the 1915

47: 7565: 6999: 6198: 5937: 4090:"Cremona" Brigade – 21st (I-III) & 22nd (I, III, IV) Infantry Regiments 3985:

1st Field Artillery Regiment (8 batteries) 75/911 (2 batteries arr. 26 May)

3674:"Pinerolo" Brigade – 13th (I-III) & 14th (I, II, IV) Infantry Regiments 3657:

Sardinia Grenadiers – 1st (I, II, IV) & 2nd (I-III) Grenadier Regiments

3546:"Pistoia" Brigade – 35th (I, III, IV) & 36th (I-III) Infantry Regiments 3311:"Salerno" Brigade – 89th (I, III, IV) & 90th (I-III) Infantry Regiments 3225:"Ravenna" Brigade – 37th (I, III, IV) & 38th (I-III) Infantry Regiments 2885:

in the aftermath of World War I. Italy also gained a permanent seat in the

2801: 2793: 2663: 2650: 2642: 2544: 2404: 2403:

ordered to stop their retreat and defend the fortified defenses around the

2400: 2340:

The Austro-Hungarians received desperately needed reinforcements after the

2208: 1786:

valley, which adjoins the Italian foothills of the Alps in the southwest.

1771: 1759: 1736: 1317: 1290: 315: 75: 4812:

30 May the 2nd Bersagliari Cyclist Battalion left Rome to join this corps.

4312:"Catanzaro" Brigade – 141st (I-III) & 142nd (I-III) Infantry Regiments 4298:"Campagnia" Brigade – 135th (I-III) & 136th (I-III) Infantry Regiments 4295:"Benevento" Brigade – 133rd (I-III) & 134th (I-III) Infantry Regiments 4145:"Palermo" Brigade – 39th (I-III) & 40th (I, II, IV) Infantry Regiments 2954:"Cuneo" Brigade – 7th (I, III & IV) and 8th (I-III) Infantry Regiments 2823:

in September 1919. His popularity among nationalists led him to be called

2290:

in this theatre of the war. Focal points of the underground fighting were

2223: 1976: 626: 7776: 7681: 7379: 6814: 6235: 5992: 5970: 4228:"Barletta" Brigade – 137th (I-III) & 138th (I-III) Infantry Regiments 4211:"Piacenza" Brigade – 159th (I-III) & 160th (I-III) Infantry Regiments 4197:"Macerata" Brigade – 121st (I-III) & 122nd (I-III) Infantry Regiments 4142:"Siena" Brigade – 31st (I, III, IV) & 32nd (I-III) Infantry Regiments 3856:"Basilicata" Brigade – 91st (I-III) & 92nd (I-III) Infantry Regiments 3761:

1st Group of Horse Artillery (Horse Artillery batteries 1 & 2) 75/912

3688:

2nd Field Artillery Regiment (8 batteries) 75/911 (not arrived by 24 May)

3677:"Acqui" Brigade – 17th (I, III, IV) & 18th (I-III) Infantry Regiments 3598:

2nd Group of Horse Artillery (Horse Artillery batteries 1 & 2) 75/912

3308:"Modena" Brigade – 41st (I-III) & 42nd (I, II, IV) Infantry Regiments 3297:"Valtellina" Brigade – 65th (I-III) & 66th (I-III) Infantry Regiments 3273:

6th Group, 1st Heavy Field Artillery Regiment (13th & 14th batteries)

3228:"Forli Brigade" – 43rd (I-III) & 44th (I, III, IV) Infantry Regiments 2896: 2630: 2613: 2504: 2481: 2447: 2435: 2299: 2255: 2025: 1763: 1493: 1453: 1401: 1274: 1242: 761: 659: 4895:

3 June 4 Bersagliari Cyclist Battalion left Turin to join this division.

4278:"Catania" Brigade – 145th (I-III) & 146th (I-III) Infantry Regiments 4200:"Sassari" Brigade – 151st (I-III) & 152nd (I-III) Infantry Regiments 4101:"Perugia" Brigade – 129th (I-III) & 130th (I-III) Infantry Regiments 3322:"Liguria" Brigade – 157th (I-III) & 158th (I-III) Infantry Regiments 3256:"Firenza" Brigade – 127th (I-III) & 128th (I-III) Infantry Regiments 3242:"Lombardia" Brigade – 73rd (I-III) & 74th (I-III) Infantry Regiments 2633:

landed from the sea in Trieste. The following day the Istrian cities of

1994: 1883:

The 1st Army was to encircle the Tyrolean front from the west and south.

4385:"Padova" Brigade – 117th (I-III) & 118th (I-III) Infantry Regiments 4225:"Chieti" Brigade – 123rd (I-III) & 124th (I-III) Infantry Regiments 3945:"Calabria" Brigade – 59th (I-III) & 60th (II-IV) Infantry Regiments 3833: 3618:

2nd Group, 2nd Heavy Field Artillery Regiment (4th & 5th batteries)

3399:

4th Group, 1st Heavy Field Artillery Regiment (batteries 8, 9 & 10)

3325:"Emilia" Brigade – 119th (I-III) & 120th (I-III) Infantry Regiments 3253:"Spezia" Brigade – 125th (I-III) & 126th (I-III) Infantry Regiments 3166:

3rd Group, 1st Heavy Field Artillery Regiment (6th & 7th batteries)

3074:"Abruzzi" Brigade—57th (I, III, IV) and 58th (I-III) Infantry Regiments 3027:

2nd Group, 1st Heavy Field Artillery Regiment (4th & 5th batteries)

2564: 2388: 2032:, but the Italians initially outnumbered their opponents three-to-one. 1657: 5475: 5262:

Cletus Pichler, Der Krieg in Tirol 1915/1916, Innsbruck 1924, p. 33 f.

4104:"Lazio" Brigade – 131st (I-III) & 132nd (I-III) Infantry Regiments 3823:

5 squadrons of aeroplanes (Nos 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 13th & 14th Bleriot)

3796:

1st Group, 2nd Heavy Field Artillery Regiment (1, 2 & 3 batteries)

3463:

4th Group, 2d Heavy Field Artillery Regiment (batteries 8, 9 & 10)

3294:"Bergamo" Brigade – 25th (I-III) & 26th (II-IV) Infantry Regiments 3239:"Livorno" Brigade – 33rd (I-III) & 34th (IV-VI) Infantry Regiments 3071:"Venezia" Brigade—83rd (I-III) and 84th (I, II, IV) Infantry Regiments 2892: 2833:

and the blackshirt paramilitary uniform would later be adopted by the

2671: 2318: 2258:, required extreme skill of both Austro-Hungarian and Italian miners. 2176:

the same line of thought for the Austro-Hungarians. On 25 August, the

1572:

was replaced on January 13, 1915 as Foreign Minister by the Hungarian

1396:

alienated Italy from its previous partners in the Triple Alliance, as

7571: 7338: 4434: 4309:"Bari" Brigade – 139th (I-III) & 140th (I-III) Infantry Regiments 3928:"Reggio" Brigade – 45th (I-III) & 46th (I-III) Infantry Regiments 3890:"Ancona" Brigade – 69th (I-III) & 70th (I-III) Infantry Regiments 3887:"Marche" Brigade – 55th (I-III) & 56th (I-III) Infantry Regiments 3876:"Umbria" Brigade – 53rd (I-III) & 54th (I-III) Infantry Regiments 3569:"Casale" Brigade – 11th (I-III) & 12th (I-III) Infantry Regiments 3057:"Roma" Brigade—79th (II, III, IV) and 80th (I-III) Infantry Regiments 2986:"Milano" Brigade – 159th (I-III) and 160th (I-III) Infantry Regiments 2687: 2608: 2303: 2231: 2160:

Later in 1916, four more battles along the Isonzo river erupted. The

1966: 1945: 1921: 1577: 1440:. The Archduke was heir to the throne and the main representative of 1140: 139: 4693:

A Krupp 75 mm cannon designed for horse artillery (75/27 mod. 1912).

3862:

2 batteries of 70 A. pack (pack batteries 6 & 13) (arr. 20 June)

3859:

25th Field Artillery Regiment (-) (5 batteries) 75/906 (arr. 1 June)

3793:

X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV Battalions, Royal Customs Guards (Coastal)

3572:"Pavia" Brigade – 27th (I-III) & 28th (I-III) Infantry Regiments 3160:"Mantova" Brigade—113th (I-III) and 114th Infantry (I-III) Regiments 3088:"Treviso" Brigade—115th (I-III) and 116th (I-III) Infantry Regiments 2971:"Sicilia" Brigade – 61st (I-III) and 62nd (I-III) Infantry Regiments 2968:"Toscana" Brigade – 77th (I-III) and 78th (I-III) Infantry Regiments 7831: 5430:

The award of the Military Medal for the campaign in Italy 1917-1918

4621:

1st Group was with 23rd Division; 3rd Group was with 24th Division.

4118:

7th Field Artillery Regiment (8 batteries) (arr. Early June) 75/911

3942:"Alpi" Brigade – 51st (I-III) & 52nd (II-IV) Infantry Regiments 3764:

3rd Group, 2nd Heavy Field Artillery Regiment (batteries 6 & 7)

3660:

31st Field Artillery Regiment (8 batteries) (not arrived by 24 May)

3555:

1 group of 3 batteries of 70 A. pack (pack batteries 2, 7 & 14)

2805: 2768: 2380: 2295: 2136: 1813:, who was already in command of the Balkan forces, was promoted to 1767: 1581: 1561: 1437: 1270: 1266: 464: 4248:

44th Field Artillery Regiment (6 batteries) 75/906 (arr. 8–9 June)

4173:

12th Field Artillery Regiment (8 batteries) 75/911 (arr. 6–9 June)

4148:

24th Field Artillery Regiment (8 batteries) 75/906 (arr. 5–9 June)

3965:

Belluno Group of Mt. Artillery (Mt batteries 22, 23, 24, & 58)

3085:"Ivrea" Brigade—161st (I-III) and 162nd (I-III) Infantry Regiments 2989:"Novara" Brigade—153rd I-III) and 154th (I-III) Infantry Regiments 2371:

On 24 October 1917 the Austro-Hungarians and Germans launched the

2108:

The Italians again launched another offensive on 10 November, the

1508:

of the intended action against Serbia, breeching Article 7 of the

4281:

49th Field Artillery Regiment (5 batteries) 75/906 (arr. 12 June)

3429:

1st Group, 10th Field Artillery Regiment (batteries 1, 2 & 3)

3060:"Pugile" Brigade—71st (II-IV) and 72nd (I-III) Infantry Regiments 3018:

27th Light Cavalry Regiment of Aquila (4 squadrons) (arr. 20 May)

2919: 2825: 2772: 2646: 2638: 2634: 2509: 2384: 2376: 2291: 2212: 2165: 2062: 1935:

throughout 1915 hand-grenades remained unheard of in the trenches

1925: 1775: 1548:

in terms of compensation. Also urged by the ambassadors in Rome,

1301: 135: 131: 5235:

Rauchensteiner, Doppeladler; S. 244, Etschmann, Südfront, p. 27.

5217:

Jordan, Krieg, p. 88; Schaumann/Schubert, Süd-West-Front, S. 21.

4428: 4234:

25th Field Artillery Regiment (3 batteries) 75/906 (arr. 1 June)

4231:

43rd Field Artillery Regiment (6 batteries) 75/906 (arr. 2 June)

4156:

20th Division (Lieutenant General Eduardo Coardi di Carpenetto)

3457:

10th bis Bersaglieri Regiment (Btns 16 bis, 34 bis & 35 bis)

2815:

Furious over the peace settlement, the Italian nationalist poet

2058: 1825:

was reorganized and placed under the command of General d. Inf.

1556:, Berchtold gave in and on January 9, 1915 suggested to Emperor 920: 5457:"Liste précise régiments [parmi 6 divisions] en Italie" 3775:

9th Field Artillery Regiment (8 batteries) 75/911 (arr. 30 May)

2797: 2658: 2618: 2556: 2443: 2419: 2132: 2001: 1906: 1783: 1752: 1297: 127: 6204: 3460:

2nd Group, 10th Field Artillery Regiment (batteries 4 & 5)

3371:

Bergamo Group Mountain Artillery (Mt batteries 31, 32, 33, 61)

2555:, across the Piave. The Italian Army broke through a gap near 2533:

The decisive Battle of Vittorio Veneto (October–November 1918)

2272:

and covered supply routes for their soldiers like the Italian

1580:

and its coalfields to Austria-Hungary in compenastion for the

7999: 6081:

The White War: Life and Death on the Italian Front, 1915–1919

5879:

The Forgotten Front: The British Campaign in Italy, 1917–1918

5405:

The White War: Life and Death on the Italian Front, 1915–1919

4245:

49th, 50th & 52nd Bersaglieri Battalions (mobile militia)

4042:

VIII, XIX & XX Battalions, Royal Customs Guards (Coastal)

3601:

2nd Group, 3rd Field Artillery Regiment (batteries 4 & 5)

3068:

15th Infantry Division (Lieutenant General Luigi Lenchantin)

2849: 2809: 2691: 2675: 2654: 1779: 1612:

on March 22 marks a major setback for Austria-Hungary on the

5074:"Il 1861 e le quattro Guerre per l'Indipendenza (1848-1918)" 4657:

Attached for the "first bound forward": 149 G batteries 1–4.

4292:

27th Division (Lieutenant General Guglielmo Pecori Giraldi)

3850:

1st Division (Lieutenant General Alfonso Pettiti di Roreto)

3799:

1 group of 4 batteries of 149 G cannon (149 G batteries 1–4)

2694:

by the III Corps of the First Army with 20–22,000 soldiers.

1886:

The 4th Army was to set up position in the Cadore and Carnia

3962:

Torino-Susa Group of Mt. Artillery (Mt batteries 2 & 3)

3558:

1st Group, 1st Heavy Artillery Regiment (byts 1, 2 & 3)

3333:

Bersaglieri Division (Lieutenant General Alessandro Raspi)

3114:

41st, 42nd and 48th Bersaglieri Battalions (mobile militia)

3054:

9th Infantry Division (Lieutenant General Ferruccio Ferri)

2667: 1477: 4365:

source: Lieutenant General Alessandro Malingri di Bagnolo

3968:

Como Group of Mt. Artillery (Mt batteries 34, 35 & 36)

3519:

3 squadrons of aeroplanes (Nos 6th, 7th & 8th Newport)

3385:

Pinerola Group Mountain Artillery (Mt batteries 7 & 9)

2819:

led disaffected war veterans and nationalists to form the

8371:

Military history of the United Kingdom during World War I

5061:

La città di legno: profughi trentini in Austria 1915–1918

4793:

The other three batteries were assigned to 31st Division.

3580:

1st Cavalry Division (Lieutenant General Nicola Pirozzi)

3082:

34th Infantry Division (Lieutenant General Pasquale Oro)

5526:

Italian foreign policy in the interwar period, 1918–1940

5371: 5369: 5199:

Styria, Graz/Vienna/Cologne 1963, volume 2: pp. 705-717.

5128:

Il Manuale di Storia in Italia, di Piergiovanni Genovesi

4222:

31st Division (Lieutenant General Annibale Gastaldello)

4003:

1 regiment of mobile territorial infantry (3 battalions)

3870:

2nd Division (Lieutenant General Saverio Nasalli Rocca)

1986:

and Asiago offensive. In blue, initial Italian conquests

1841:

to protect the Tyrolean borders. It included the German

1564:. However, the Emperor and the Hungarian Prime Minister 1261:

entered the war on the Allied side, aiming to annex the

5495:"From the website of the museum of the war on Adamello" 5311: 5309: 5026:

International Encyclopedia of the First World War (WW1)

3105:

4th Bersaglieri Regiment (Btns 26 bis, 29 & 31 bis)

2965:

6th Infantry Division (Lieutenant General Oscar Roffi)

1668:

and the Entente, including the secret treaty of London.

5900:(4th ed.). Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland. 3884:

10th Division (Lieutenant General Giovanni Scrivante)

3723:

22nd Division (Lieutenant General Vittorio Signorile)

3250:

32nd Division (Lieutenant General Alberto Piacentini)

2278:, both sides also attempted to break the stalemate of 1500:

deliberately failed to inform the (officially) allies

6182: 6154:

150,812 soldiers and 4,538 officers killed in action.

6016:

La Salute pubblica in Italia durante e dopo la Guerra

5381: 5366: 5354: 5342: 5197:

Leopold Graf Berchtold. Grand seigneur and statesman.

5184:

Leopold Graf Berchtold. Grand seigneur and statesman.

4738:

1st bis Co replaced 1st Co which was in the colonies.

4558:

Under command of the Presidio of the Verona Fortress.

4420:

Austro-Hungarian fortifications on the Italian border

4306:

28th Division (Lieutenant General Giuseppe Queirolo)

4098:

29th Division (Lieutenant General Fortunato Marazzi)

4051:

2 batteries of 70 A. pack (pack batteries 3 & 15)

4045:

1 squadron, 13th Light Cavalry Regiment of Monferrato

3615:

3rd Field Artillery Regiment (-) (6 batteries) 75/911

3287:

source: Lieutenant General Mario Nicolis de Robilant

2313: 1365:

in exchange for its recognition of the annexation of

6135:

Analyse des Stellungskrieges am Isonzo von 1915–1917

5955: 5881:. London: Continuum International Publishing Group. 5846:

Poteri narodonaseleniia v XX veke : spravochnik

5306: 5100:"La Grande Guerra nei manifesti italiani dell'epoca" 5053:

Slovene refugees in Italy during the First World War

5005: 4208:

30th Division (Lieutenant General Arcangelo Scotti)

4139:

19th Division (Lieutenant General Giuseppe Ciancio)

3543:

11th Division (Lieutenant General Ettore Mambretti)

3417:

23rd Division (Lieutenant General Giovanni Airaldi)

3145:

16th Co, 2nd Sapper Regiment (barrier Brenta-Cismon)

3129:

22nd Light Cavalry Regiment of Catania (arr. 28 May)

2333:

managed to break the Austrian lines and capture the

2015:

Italian soldiers listening to their General's speech

1528:'s neutrality, in conjunction with Article 3 of the 5830:, headed by Lieutenant General Count Luigi Cadorna. 5763:"SAVOIA AOSTA, Emanuele Filiberto di, duca d'Aosta" 5186:

Styria, Graz/Vienna/Cologne 1963, Volume 1: p. 567.

5057:

Slovenski begunci v Italiji med prvo svetovno vojno

3901:

21st Light Cavalry Regiment of Padova (arr. 30 May)

3802:

1 battery of pack cannon of 70 A. (pack battery 19)

3654:"Messina" Brigade – 93rd (III, IV, V; 9 cos only); 3651:13th Division (Lieutenant General Cleto Angelotti) 3163:

4th Squadron, 27th Light Cavalry Regiment of Aquila

2242:which offered a degree of cover and allowed better 1940:Italy's first machine guns were prototypes, as the 5421: 5317: 5059:), Ljubljana. Diego Leoni – Camillo Zadra (1995), 4391:Royal Carabinieri Regiment of 3 battalions (9 cos) 4284:6th Squadron, 16th Light Cavalry Regiment of Lucca 3939:18th Division (Lieutenant General Vittorio Carpi) 3925:17th Division (Lieutenant General Diomede Saveri) 3879:17th Field Artillery Regiment (8 batteries) 75/906 3426:22nd Field Artillery Regiment (8 batteries) 75/906 3314:28th Field Artillery Regiment (8 batteries) 75/906 3291:7th Division (Lieutenant General Nicola D'Avanzo) 3270:11th Field Artillery Regiment (8 batteries) 75/911 3222:3rd Division (Lieutenant General Giovanni Prelli) 2609:Occupation of Dalmatia, Istria, Trentino and Tyrol 2188: 5692:International Encyclopedia of the First World War 5674:International Encyclopedia of the First World War 5656:International Encyclopedia of the First World War 5292:La guerra: Come e dove l'ho vista e combattuta io 4594:1st Co in the colonies; replaced with 1st bis Co. 4483:The other 3 batteries were assigned to XIV Corps. 4346:Lieutenant General Carlo Guicciardi di Cervarolo 3904:8th Field Artillery Regiment (8 batteries) 75/906 3709:21st Division (Lieutenant General Carlo Mazzoli) 3396:4th Field Artillery Regiment (8 batteries) 75/911 3305:8th Division (Lieutenant General Guglielmo Lang) 3136:5th Field Artillery Regiment (8 batteries) 75/911 3021:6th Field Artillery Regiment (8 batteries) 75/906 2577:and the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. 2115:After the winter lull, the Italians launched the 8342: 5551:Isonzo: The Forgotten Sacrifice of the Great War 3671:14th Division (Major General Giacinto Rostagno) 3148:16th Co, 1st Sapper Regiment (barrier Agno-Assa) 2877:as a "political myth", used by fascists to fuel 2516:. The Italian victory in this battle marked the 1721:- 23 May, Italy declares war on Austria-Hungary. 1357:: Italy expected compensations in the areas of " 418: 210: 7181:Armistice between Russia and the Central Powers 4009:1 battalion of Miners (12, 16, 20 & 21 Cos) 3566:12th Division (Major General Oreste Zavattari) 3342:9th Bersaglieri Regiment (Btns 28, 30 & 32) 3319:33rd Division (Lieutenant General Carlo Ricci) 3236:4th Division (Major General Cesare Del Mastro) 2726:without ever being defeated on the battlefield. 2143: 2131:) in Trentino and directed over the plateau of 1905:front, and there was no major offensive on the 1897:Italian infantry soldier in full marching order 1802:The digging of trenches on the Isonzo front by 5965:. Vienna: Verl. der Militärwiss. Mitteilungen. 4729:One battalion detached to 2nd Cavalry Division 4272:26th Division (Major General Michele Salazar) 2920:Italian Army Order of Battle as of 24 May 1915 2722:for having reported numerous victories in the 2250:of the Dolomites, often in exposed areas near 1833:. The K. u. k. Landesverteidigungskommando in 1420:ignited by the prospect of an Italian victory. 66:(3 years, 5 months and 2 weeks) 6220: 5914: 5790:. University of Michigan Press. p. 293. 4000:XVI Battalion, Royal Custom Guards (Frontier) 3767:2 pack batteries (pack batteries 16 & 17) 3609:6th & 12th Bersaglieri Cyclist Battalions 3595:8th & 11th Bersagliari Cyclist Battalions 3267:9th & 10th Bersaglieri Cyclist Battalions 936: 642: 8366:Military history of Italy during World War I 5962:Österreich-Ungarns letzter Krieg 1914 - 1918 5948:In: Klaus Eisterer, Rolf Steininger (eds.): 4194:25th Division (Major General Luigi Capello) 4084:16th Division (Major General Luciano Secco) 3982:9th Lancer Regiment of Firenza (arr. 5 June) 3749:3rd & 7th Bersagliari Cyclist Battalions 3612:II Battalion, Royal Customs Corps (Frontier) 2848:(1924) led to the annexation of the city of 2420:Second Battle of the Piave River (June 1918) 2261:Beginning on the 13th, later referred to as 2035: 1648:within a month. The Entente also hoped that 1568:rejected it and at the instigation of Tisza 7664: 5975:The first World War; An Illustrated History 5609:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 150. 5553:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 303. 5040:La Prigionia di Guerra in Italia, 1914–1919 4554: 4552: 4323:56th Bersaglieri Battalion (mobile militia) 4030:source: Lieutenant General Clemente Lequio 3437:24th Division (Major General Gustavo Fara) 3362:Alpini Group A (Colonel Riccardo Tedeschi) 3126:I Battalion, Royal Custom Guards (Frontier) 3006:45th Bersaglieri Battalion (mobile militia) 2979:35th Infantry Division (Lieutenant General 1664:exposed to the public all treaties of Tsar 656: 6227: 6213: 5895: 5868:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 5783: 5573: 5432:. privately published by Anne Williamson. 5427: 5092: 5076:(in Italian). 6 March 2015. Archived from 4926:Under the command of the Piazza di Venezia 4784:June), 9 (at Belluno 31 May), 10 & 11. 4720:Detached to 1st Cavalry Division, VI Corps 3633:1st & 2nd Squadrons aeroplanes Bleriot 2947:5th Infantry Division (Lieutenant General 2899:, Italian patriot and hero of World War I. 2480:began with a diversionary attack near the 2152:The Austro-Hungarian supply line over the 2061:(Isonzo) river, take the fortress town of 1444:. Such reforms would have transformed the 1328:, whose military actions began during the 943: 929: 649: 635: 6057:Pompé, Daniel; et al., eds. (1924). 5548: 5528:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 4. 4922: 4920: 4918: 4916: 4914: 4912: 4910: 3781:10th Telegraph Co (not arrived by 24 May) 3691:13th Telegraph Co (not arrived by 24 May) 3663:1 battery of 70 A. pack (pack battery 12) 3376:Alpini Group B (Colonel Ernesto Alliana) 2621:on 3 November 1918, after the victorious 1608:for intervention in the war. The fall of 7463:Revolutions and interventions in Hungary 6145:, Tamari editori, Bologna, 1968, p. 214. 6075: 5843: 5604: 5399: 5124: 4549: 4115:23rd Light Cavalry Regiment of Umberto I 3539:source: Lieutenant General Carlo Ruelle 3530:Prince Emanuele Filiberto, Duke of Aosta 3413:source: Lieutenant General Luigi Segato 2910: 2891: 2862:was adopted by Mussolini and led to the 2716:Prince Emanuele Filiberto, Duke of Aosta 2701: 2612: 2512:, 3 November 1918, after the victorious 2503: 2491: 2429: 2317: 2246:. Working at high altitudes in the hard 2217: 2202: 2199:Mines on the Italian front (World War I) 2147: 2057:An Italian offensive aimed to cross the 2045: 2010: 1958:regiment had four machine gun sections, 1892: 1797: 434: 224: 7840:Occupied Enemy Territory Administration 6022: 6013: 5523: 5517: 5125:Genovesi, Piergiovanni (11 June 2009). 4964: 4360: 4341: 3820:3 sections of field aerostatic balloons 3516:3 sections of field aerostatic balloons 3139:1st, 13th, 14th & ½ 7th Cos, Miners 2135:, with the aim to break through to the 2122: 1982:The Italian Front in 1915–1917: eleven 1584:was likewise rejected in February 1915. 399: 8343: 5991: 5969: 5876: 5747:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 5387: 5375: 5360: 5348: 5315: 5159:Amended Version of the Triple Alliance 4945:Detached to Brundisi; rejoined 4 July. 4907: 4546:Deport 75 mm cannon (75/27 Mod. 1911). 4492:75 mm Krupp cannon (75/27 Model 1906). 4064: 4057:6th & 21st Cos 1st Sapper Regiment 3778:5th Pontoon Co (not arrived by 24 May) 3030:1st Battalion, Miners (Cos 10, 11, 18) 2629:Italian soldiers entered Trento while 8361:Campaigns and theatres of World War I 7793:Austro-Hungarian occupation of Serbia 7136:Third Battle of Ypres (Passchendaele) 6208: 6056: 6049:. New York, Charles Scribner's Sons, 5818:, Il Mulino, Bologna 1999, pp.101-106 5598: 5481: 3755:1 battalion of 14th Infantry Regiment 3592:1 battalion of 20th Infantry Regiment 3487:1 Pontoon battalion (Cos 6, 7, 8, 13) 2414: 1735:The Italian Front stretched from the 924: 630: 8197:Agreement of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne 5925:Military Operations: Italy 1915–1919 5244:Etschmann, Südfront, p. 27, p. 29 f. 2172:German, French, and British armies. 8126:Ottomans against the Triple Entente 6927:Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes 6018:. New Haven: Yale University Press. 4425:Museum of the White War in Adamello 2518:end of the war on the Italian Front 2069:. This offensive opened the first 1829:who on May 27 had arrived from the 1269:and the territories of present-day 13: 6866:First Battle of the Masurian Lakes 5294:(Milan: A.Mondadori, 1935), p. 35. 4774:Detached from the Queen's Brigade. 4501:One squadron attached to 1st Army. 2678:, which became the capital of the 2496:The Italian front in 1918 and the 2314:1917: Germany arrives on the front 1680:Salandra officially renounces the 1322:Fourth Italian War of Independence 1277:. The front soon bogged down into 14: 8392: 5787:Modern Italy: A Political History 5484:, pp. 508–511, 730–731, 826. 3921:Lieutenant General Pietro Marini 3218:Lieutenant General Enzio Reisoli 2915:Italian propaganda poster in 1917 2788:(1920) allowed the annexation of 2718:in the foreground, nicknamed the 2520:, secured the dissolution of the 2471:Archduke Joseph August of Austria 2230:From 1915, the high peaks of the 1456:kingdom under Serbian leadership. 1344: 1334:First Italian War of Independence 950: 19:For other Italian campaigns, see 7229:Second Battle of the Piave River 6851:Russian invasion of East Prussia 6192: 5702:Giuseppe Praga, Franco Luxardo. 4939: 4929: 4898: 4889: 4880: 4871: 4862: 3994: 3811:4th, 10th & 11th Pontoon Cos 3787: 3702:Main Source: Lieutenant General 3472: 2478:Second Battle of the Piave River 2426:Second Battle of the Piave River 1993: 1975: 615: 596: 572: 555: 536: 514: 500: 482: 469: 452: 436: 420: 401: 381: 369: 356: 345: 332: 320: 309: 298: 278: 265: 239: 226: 212: 199: 186: 171: 46: 8293:Arrest of a Suspect in Sarajevo 7493:Lithuanian Wars of Independence 6234: 6167: 6157: 6025:The Italian Army of World War I 5821: 5816:Miti e storia dell'Italia unita 5804: 5777: 5755: 5709: 5696: 5678: 5660: 5643: 5634: 5567: 5542: 5487: 5449: 5393: 5297: 5284: 5275: 5265: 5256: 5247: 5238: 5229: 5220: 5211: 5202: 5189: 5176: 5163: 5152: 5118: 5066: 5045: 5032: 4853: 4844: 4835: 4825: 4815: 4806: 4796: 4787: 4777: 4768: 4759: 4750: 4741: 4732: 4723: 4714: 4705: 4696: 4687: 4678: 4669: 4660: 4651: 4642: 4633: 4624: 4615: 4606: 4597: 4588: 4579: 4570: 4561: 4540: 4531: 4522: 4513: 4504: 4495: 4486: 4477: 4468: 4447: 2782:Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye 2189:Tunnel warfare in the mountains 1879:, three main points were set: 1793: 106:Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye 40:European theatre of World War I 8356:Austria-Hungary in World War I 8116:Austria-Hungary against Serbia 7975:Deportations from East Prussia 7772:1915 typhus epidemic in Serbia 6148: 6127: 6114: 6105: 5950:Tirol und der Erste Weltkrieg. 5428:Williamson, Howard J. (2020). 5022:"War Losses (Austria-Hungary)" 5014: 4999: 4987: 4973: 4958: 4025: 3827: 3752:10th Infantry Regiment (I-III) 3624:½ 18th Co, 2nd Sapper Regiment 3202: 3154: 3036:½ 18th Co, 2nd Sapper Regiment 2869:, becoming a key point in the 1576:. A German proposal of giving 101:Dissolution of Austria-Hungary 16:Italian theatre of World War I 1: 8027:Ukrainian Canadian internment 6124:24 October – 19 November 1917 5999:. London: Random House (UK). 5407:. London: Faber & Faber. 5008:, pp. BeiL. IV. V. VII. 4952: 4182: 4072: 3758:1 battalion of 1st Grenadiers 3523: 3181:1 section, radiotelegraph of 2924: 2881:and obscure the successes of 2580: 2348:soldiers rushed in after the 2342:Eleventh Battle of the Isonzo 2234:range were an area of fierce 1730: 1676:- 4 May, In the midst of the 1476:, German military attaché in 64:23 May 1915 – 6 November 1918 8376:World War I orders of battle 8182:Sazonov–Paléologue Agreement 7481:Estonian War of Independence 7156:Southern Palestine offensive 6177:24 October – 4 November 1918 6099: 6045:Page, Thomas Nelson (1920). 5957:Glaise von Horstenau, Edmund 5687:War Losses (Austria-Hungary) 5669:War Losses (Austria-Hungary) 5131:(in Italian). FrancoAngeli. 5102:(in Italian). Archived from 4431:, in the Upper Val Camonica. 4394:19th Co, 1st Sapper Regiment 4287:19th Co, 2nd Sapper Regiment 4260: 4237:13th Co, 1st Sapper Regiment 3907:½ 7th & 21st Cos, Miners 3639: 3528:source: His Royal Highness, 3496:1 section radiotelegraph of 3432:12th Co, 2nd Sapper Regiment 3408: 3172:17th Co, 2nd Sapper Regiment 2935: 2697: 2686:(1920). Italy occupied also 2409:First Battle of Monte Grappa 2144:Later battles for the Isonzo 1725: 1428:- 28 June, Assassination of 1369:, as was agreed upon in the 7: 8351:Italian front (World War I) 8136:USA against Austria-Hungary 7535:Turkish War of Independence 7487:Latvian War of Independence 7219:Treaty of Bucharest of 1918 6810:Anti-Serb riots in Sarajevo 6083:. London: Faber and Faber. 5607:A Military History of Italy 5549:Schindler, John R. (2001). 4413: 4397:1st & 7th Telegraph Cos 4265:source: Lieutenant General 4187:source: Lieutenant General 4151:9th Co, 1st Sapper Regiment 4132:source: Lieutenant General 4077:source: Lieutenant General 3916: 3865:5th Co, 2nd Sapper Regiment 3832:source: Lieutenant General 3697: 3666:2nd Co, 1st Sapper Regiment 3644:source: Lieutenant General 3561:6th Co, 2nd Sapper Regiment 3534: 3282: 3213: 3047:source: Lieutenant General 2871:propaganda of Fascist Italy 2730:As the war came to an end, 2641:, the Dalmatian islands of 2560:greeted by the population. 2487:Svetozar Boroević von Bojna 2434:Austro-Hungarian trench in 2110:Fourth Battle of the Isonzo 2096:Second Battle of the Isonzo 1600:, with the backing of king 1484:and its military prospects. 10: 8397: 8219:Treaties of Brest-Litovsk 7767:1899–1923 cholera pandemic 7234:Second Battle of the Marne 7121:Second battle of the Aisne 6990:Second Battle of Champagne 6831:German invasion of Belgium 6143:1916. Le montagne scottano 6051:Full Text Available Online 5877:Cassar, George H. (1998). 5836: 5784:Mack Smith, Denis (1997). 5706:. Giardini, 1993. Pp. 281. 5574:Mack Smith, Denis (1982). 5524:Burgwyn, H. James (1997). 5463:(in French). 10 April 2006 5253:Jordan, Krieg, p. 220–223. 4453:The French units were (i) 4127: 3838: 3348:(Btns 15 bis, 27 & 33) 3169:2nd & 17th Cos, Miners 3042: 2536: 2508:Italian troops landing in 2423: 2192: 2162:Sixth Battle of the Isonzo 2117:Fifth Battle of the Isonzo 2103:Third Battle of the Isonzo 2078:First Battle of the Isonzo 2039: 1964: 1452:'s interest in founding a 1339: 18: 8325: 8284: 8205: 8144: 8106: 8050: 8039: 8000:Assyrian genocide (Sayfo) 7943: 7915: 7863: 7785: 7759: 7711: 7604: 7597: 7529:Irish War of Independence 7425: 7307: 7279:Armistice of Villa Giusti 7264:Battle of Vittorio Veneto 7189: 7091: 7018: 6919: 6876:First Battle of the Marne 6823: 6785: 6720: 6711: 6654: 6528: 6517: 6483: 6455: 6417: 6369: 6322: 6315: 6242: 5920:Davies, Sir Henry Rodolph 5684:Anatol Schmied-Kowarzik, 5666:Anatol Schmied-Kowarzik, 5006:Glaise von Horstenau 1932 4996:, The War Office, p. 744. 4332:2nd & 9th Pontoon Cos 4054:4th & 6th Cos, Miners 3817:1 squad field photography 3740:HQ of the Queen's Brigade 3513:1 squad field photography 3352:12th Bersaglieri Regiment 3346:11th Bersaglieri Regiment 3003:(Btns 8, 10 & 11 bis) 2735:Vittorio Emanuele Orlando 2623:Battle of Vittorio Veneto 2539:Battle of Vittorio Veneto 2514:Battle of Vittorio Veneto 2498:Battle of Vittorio Veneto 2363:. The Germans introduced 2036:Battles of Isonzo in 1915 1604:, submit an offer to the 1310:armistice of Villa Giusti 1281:, similar to that on the 960: 667: 529: 393: 291: 150: 96:Armistice of Villa Giusti 56: 45: 37: 32: 8152:Constantinople Agreement 7445:Armenian–Azerbaijani War 7308:Co-belligerent conflicts 7284:Second Romanian campaign 7254:Third Transjordan attack 6965:Gorlice–Tarnów offensive 6871:Battle of Grand Couronné 6173:c. 380.000 alone during 6120:c. 300,000 alone during 5930:History of the Great War 5844:Erlikman, Vadim (2004). 4463:31st Army Corps (France) 4455:12th Army Corps (France) 4440: 4379: 4018:1 section radiotelegraph 3977:3rd Bersaglieri Regiment 3814:1 section radiotelegraph 3337:6th Bersaglieri Regiment 3198:1 squad, telephotography 3111:(Btns 3 bis, 5 & 12) 3109:8th Bersaglieri Regiment 3102:(Btns 2 bis, 4 & 17) 3100:2nd Bersaglieri Regiment 3001:7th Bersaglieri Regiment 2904:La Domenica del Corriere 2746:Prime Minister of France 2379:or Karfreit in German). 2275:Strada delle 52 Gallerie 2268:In addition to building 2195:Strada delle 52 Gallerie 2076:At the beginning of the 2050:Austro-Hungarian 350 mm 1837:(LVK) was handed to GdK 1432:by the Serb nationalist 1430:Archduke Franz Ferdinand 910:Indian and Pacific Ocean 511:1915: up to 61 divisions 8381:Wars involving Slovenia 8215:Modus vivendi of Acroma 8167:Bulgaria–Germany treaty 7475:Greater Poland Uprising 7375:National Protection War 7259:Meuse–Argonne offensive 7209:German spring offensive 7204:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 6980:Siege of Novogeorgievsk 6955:Second Battle of Artois 6836:Battle of the Frontiers 6047:Italy and the World War 6023:Nicolle, David (2003). 5946:Die Südfront 1915–1918. 5896:Clodfelter, M. (2017). 5605:Paoletti, Ciro (2008). 5324:. Knopf, N.Y. pp. 5063:, Trento-Rovereto 1995. 5051:Petra Svoljšak (1991). 4904:Squadron No 2 in Libya. 4021:1 squad telephotography 3589:94th Infantry Regiment 2753:United States President 2708:Redipuglia War Memorial 2680:Governorate of Dalmatia 2524:and contributed to the 2522:Austro-Hungarian Empire 1782:spreads out around the 1082:Caporetto (12th Isonzo) 8240:Paris Peace Conference 8228:Ukraine–Central Powers 8022:Massacres of Albanians 7990:Late Ottoman genocides 7797:Bulgarian occupations 7505:Third Anglo-Afghan War 7469:Hungarian–Romanian War 7294:Naval Victory Bulletin 7289:Armistice with Germany 7239:Hundred Days Offensive 7166:Battle of La Malmaison 7116:Second battle of Arras 7083:Battle of Transylvania 6937:Second Battle of Ypres 6805:Sarajevo assassination 6694:South African Republic 5977:. London: Hutchinson. 3979:(Btns 18, 20 & 25) 3354:(Btns 21, 23 & 26) 2916: 2908: 2889:'s executive council. 2739:British Prime Minister 2732:Italian Prime Minister 2727: 2626: 2570:Armistice with Austria 2529: 2501: 2439: 2326: 2300:Col di Lana/Monte Sief 2227: 2222:Trenches at the mount 2215: 2157: 2054: 2016: 1951:Fiat-Revelli Mod. 1914 1917: 1898: 1854:and was to secure the 1807: 1382: 1237:) was one of the main 1234: 1221: 1113:Capture of Col Moschin 292:Commanders and leaders 8250:Treaty of St. Germain 8223:Russia–Central Powers 8177:Sykes–Picot Agreement 8005:Pontic Greek genocide 7980:Destruction of Kalisz 7956:Eastern Mediterranean 7517:Polish–Lithuanian War 7299:Armistice of Belgrade 7269:Armistice of Salonica 7199:Operation Faustschlag 7146:Third Battle of Oituz 7068:Baranovichi offensive 7036:Lake Naroch offensive 7010:Battle of Robat Karim 6985:Vistula–Bug offensive 6960:Battles of the Isonzo 6891:First Battle of Ypres 6111:Presumed dead by 1921 5316:Keegan, John (1999). 5038:Tortato, Alessandro: 4406:Dirigibles P4, P5, M1 4329:30th Mountain Battery 3339:(Btns 6, 13 & 19) 3024:30th Mountain Battery 2914: 2907:, 24 September 1916). 2901:(From Italian weekly 2895: 2705: 2616: 2507: 2495: 2433: 2321: 2221: 2206: 2151: 2071:Battles of the Isonzo 2065:, and then enter the 2052:L/45 M. 16 naval guns 2049: 2042:Battles of the Isonzo 2014: 1984:Battles of the Isonzo 1912: 1896: 1801: 1696:to stop mobilization. 1640:on the one part, and 1377: 747:Sinai & Palestine 530:Casualties and losses 363:Conrad von Hötzendorf 8245:Treaty of Versailles 7961:Mount Lebanon famine 7876:in the United States 7844:Russian occupations 7558:Turkish–Armenian War 7499:Polish–Ukrainian War 7439:Ukrainian–Soviet War 7386:Central Asian Revolt 7176:Armistice of Focșani 6906:Battle of Sarikamish 6856:Battle of Tannenberg 6252:Military engagements 5944:Wolfgang Etschmann: 5812:La vittoria mutilata 5499:museoguerrabianca.it 5226:Jordan, Krieg, p. 89 5106:on 23 September 2015 4361:4th Cavalry Division 4342:3rd Cavalry Division 2873:. Historians regard 2765:Treaty of Versailles 2653:, and the cities of 2528:just one week later. 2365:infiltration tactics 2270:underground shelters 2123:The Asiago offensive 2082:Gorizia and Gradisca 1863:regiments and three 1852:Franz Rohr von Denta 1678:Gorlice breakthrough 1326:unification of Italy 1194:Tre Cime di Lavaredo 1025:Gorizia (6th Isonzo) 569:670 missing/captured 376:Arz von Straußenburg 8312:They shall not pass 8235:Treaty of Bucharest 8192:Treaty of Bucharest 8131:USA against Germany 8108:Declarations of war 7812:German occupations 7725:British casualties 7584:Soviet–Georgian War 7511:Egyptian Revolution 7451:Armeno-Georgian War 7315:Somaliland campaign 7274:Armistice of Mudros 7151:Battle of Caporetto 7141:Battle of Mărășești 7111:Zimmermann telegram 7106:February Revolution 7051:Battle of the Somme 6975:Bug-Narew Offensive 6950:Battle of Gallipoli 6942:Sinking of the RMS 6734:Scramble for Africa 6728:Franco-Prussian War 6384:Sinai and Palestine 6014:Mortara, G (1925). 5997:The first World War 5704:History of Dalmatia 5320:The First World War 5173:Berlin 2008, p. 60. 4065:High Command Troops 3953:Additional Organic 3843:Lieutenant General 3207:Lieutenant General 3049:Florenzio Aliprindi 2940:Lieutenant General 2929:Lieutenant General 2879:Italian imperialism 2821:Free State of Fiume 2817:Gabriele D'Annunzio 2790:Trentino Alto-Adige 2714:, with the tomb of 2617:Italian cavalry in 2594:, and 156,251 from 2460:strategic materials 2373:Battle of Caporetto 2361:Battle of Mărășești 2324:Battle of Caporetto 2282:by tunneling under 2133:Altopiano di Asiago 1865:k.k. Landesschützen 1602:Victor Emmanuel III 1330:revolutions of 1848 1314:Trentino-Alto Adige 1304:by Italy's forces. 861:North-West Frontier 586:700 died indirectly 459:Czechoslovak Legion 339:Jean César Graziani 193:Czechoslovak Legion 142:until the armistice 8272:Treaty of Lausanne 8187:Paris Economy Pact 8121:UK against Germany 8051:Entry into the war 8017:Urkun (Kyrgyzstan) 7736:Ottoman casualties 7546:Franco-Turkish War 7426:Post-War conflicts 7410:Russian Revolution 7392:Invasion of Darfur 7357:Kelantan rebellion 7345:Kurdish rebellions 7321:Mexican Revolution 7161:October Revolution 7126:Kerensky offensive 7101:Capture of Baghdad 7078:Monastir offensive 7063:Brusilov offensive 6901:Battle of Kolubara 6740:Russo-Japanese War 5169:Alexander Jordan: 4459:10th Army (France) 2981:Felice De Chaurand 2917: 2909: 2858:. The rhetoric of 2749:Georges Clemenceau 2742:David Lloyd George 2728: 2627: 2530: 2526:end of World War I 2502: 2440: 2415:1918: The war ends 2375:(Italian name for 2327: 2228: 2216: 2158: 2055: 2017: 1926:Carcano 1891 model 1899: 1808: 1713:ordered on May 22. 1550:Bernhard von Bülow 1367:Bosnia-Herzegovina 762:Hejaz & Levant 352:Archduke Friedrich 8338: 8337: 8321: 8320: 8305:The Golden Virgin 8299:Mutilated victory 8280: 8279: 8260:Treaty of Trianon 8255:Treaty of Neuilly 8162:Damascus Protocol 8035: 8034: 7995:Armenian genocide 7952:Allied blockades 7924:Belgian refugees 7707: 7706: 7617:Strategic bombing 7593: 7592: 7578:Franco-Syrian War 7552:Greco-Turkish War 7540:Anglo-Turkish War 7523:Polish–Soviet War 7457:German Revolution 7433:Russian Civil War 7416:Finnish Civil War 7249:Battle of Megiddo 7224:Battle of Goychay 7171:Battle of Cambrai 7131:Battle of Mărăști 7046:Battle of Jutland 7026:Erzurum offensive 6881:Siege of Przemyśl 6861:Siege of Tsingtao 6846:Battle of Galicia 6776:Second Balkan War 6764:Italo-Turkish War 6721:Pre-War conflicts 6707: 6706: 6597:Portuguese Empire 6513: 6512: 6475:German New Guinea 6457:Asian and Pacific 6090:978-0-465-01329-6 6029:Osprey Publishing 5797:978-0-472-10895-4 5729:on 22 August 2017 5649:Pierluigi Scolè, 5616:978-0-275-98505-9 5580:. Knopf. p. 5439:978-1-8739960-5-8 5414:978-0-571-22333-6 4967:, pp. 28–29 4335:23rd Telegraph Co 4254:18th Telegraph Co 4176:15th Telegraph Co 4121:14th Telegraph Co 4060:19th Telegraph Co 4012:22nd Telegraph Co 3910:12th Telegraph Co 3808:21st Telegraph Co 3493:24th Telegraph Co 3402:17th Telegraph Co 3178:16th Telegraph Co 3142:11th Telegraph Co 2942:Vittorio Camerana 2887:League of Nations 2875:mutilated victory 2860:mutilated victory 2855:mutilated victory 2786:Treaty of Rapallo 2684:Treaty of Rapallo 2601:Austro-Hungarian 2575:Habsburg monarchy 2394:Tagliamento River 2302:also with 5, and 2244:logistics support 2021:Italo-Turkish War 1942:Perino Model 1908 1827:Svetozar Boroević 1708:is reinstated as 1628:is signed by the 1474:Alfred von Kleist 1263:Austrian Littoral 1207: 1206: 918: 917: 786:South West Africa 625: 624: 525:1917: 5 divisions 479:1918: 3 regiments 448:1918: 2 divisions 432:1917: 3 divisions 146: 145: 111:Treaty of Trianon 8388: 8265:Treaty of Sèvres 8157:Treaty of London 8048: 8047: 7826:Northeast France 7757: 7756: 7729:Parliamentarians 7662: 7661: 7624:Chemical weapons 7602: 7601: 7363:Senussi campaign 7333:Muscat rebellion 7327:Maritz rebellion 7244:Vardar offensive 7073:Battle of Romani 7041:Battle of Asiago 7031:Battle of Verdun 6995:Kosovo offensive 6770:First Balkan War 6718: 6717: 6617:Russian Republic 6526: 6525: 6320: 6319: 6262:Economic history 6229: 6222: 6215: 6206: 6205: 6197: 6196: 6195: 6188: 6178: 6171: 6165: 6161: 6155: 6152: 6146: 6131: 6125: 6118: 6112: 6109: 6094: 6072: 6070: 6068: 6042: 6019: 6010: 5988: 5966: 5941: 5911: 5892: 5873: 5867: 5859: 5831: 5825: 5819: 5808: 5802: 5801: 5781: 5775: 5774: 5772: 5770: 5759: 5753: 5752: 5746: 5738: 5736: 5734: 5728: 5722:. 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4631: 4628: 4622: 4619: 4613: 4610: 4604: 4601: 4595: 4592: 4586: 4583: 4577: 4574: 4568: 4565: 4559: 4556: 4547: 4544: 4538: 4535: 4529: 4526: 4520: 4517: 4511: 4508: 4502: 4499: 4493: 4490: 4484: 4481: 4475: 4472: 4466: 4451: 4079:Ottavio Briccola 3988:5th Telegraph Co 3704:Giorgio Cigliana 3646:Vincenzo Garioni 3621:8th Telegraph Co 3509: 3508: 3504: 3501: 3466:9th Telegraph Co 3276:6th Telegraph Co 3194: 3193: 3189: 3186: 3033:4th Telegraph Co 2839:Benito Mussolini 2464:Spring Offensive 2335:Banjšice Plateau 2308:blasting gelatin 2240:fighting tunnels 2236:mountain warfare 2129:Battle of Asiago 1997: 1979: 1626:Treaty of London 1624:- 26 April, The 1554:Karl von Macchio 1359:Italia Irredenta 1259:Kingdom of Italy 1255:Treaty of London 1247:Kingdom of Italy 1229: 1129:3rd Monte Grappa 1119:2nd Monte Grappa 1097:1st Monte Grappa 955: 945: 938: 931: 922: 921: 662: 651: 644: 637: 628: 627: 620: 619: 612:477,024 captured 601: 600: 592:Unknown captured 577: 576: 560: 559: 552:569,210 captured 541: 540: 520: 518: 517: 506: 504: 503: 488: 486: 485: 474: 473: 472: 461: 457: 456: 455: 446: 442: 440: 439: 430: 426: 424: 423: 411: 407: 405: 404: 386: 385: 378: 374: 373: 365: 361: 360: 350: 349: 341: 337: 336: 325: 324: 314: 313: 303: 302: 284: 282: 281: 271: 269: 268: 245: 243: 242: 236: 232: 230: 229: 222: 218: 216: 215: 204: 203: 202: 195: 191: 190: 189: 176: 175: 91:Italian victory 58: 57: 50: 30: 29: 21:Italian Campaign 8396: 8395: 8391: 8390: 8389: 8387: 8386: 8385: 8341: 8340: 8339: 8334: 8317: 8276: 8208: 8201: 8172:Treaty of Darin 8140: 8102: 8058:Austria-Hungary 8044: 8031: 8012:Rape of Belgium 7939: 7911: 7859: 7853:Western Armenia 7848:Eastern Galicia 7781: 7755: 7719: 7718:Civilian impact 7717: 7703: 7660: 7589: 7421: 7351:Ovambo Uprising 7303: 7185: 7087: 7014: 6932:Battle of Łomża 6915: 6911:Christmas truce 6886:Race to the Sea 6819: 6781: 6703: 6674:Austria-Hungary 6650: 6585:Empire of Japan 6522: 6520: 6509: 6493:U-boat campaign 6479: 6451: 6413: 6365: 6311: 6292:Popular culture 6238: 6233: 6203: 6193: 6191: 6183: 6181: 6175:Vittorio Veneto 6172: 6168: 6162: 6158: 6153: 6149: 6132: 6128: 6119: 6115: 6110: 6106: 6102: 6097: 6091: 6066: 6064: 6039: 6007: 5985: 5908: 5889: 5861: 5860: 5856: 5839: 5834: 5828:Comando Supremo 5826: 5822: 5809: 5805: 5798: 5782: 5778: 5768: 5766: 5761: 5760: 5756: 5740: 5739: 5732: 5730: 5726: 5719: 5717:"Archived copy" 5715: 5714: 5710: 5701: 5697: 5683: 5679: 5665: 5661: 5648: 5644: 5639: 5635: 5617: 5603: 5599: 5592: 5572: 5568: 5561: 5547: 5543: 5536: 5522: 5518: 5508: 5506: 5505:on 22 July 2011 5493: 5492: 5488: 5480: 5476: 5466: 5464: 5455: 5454: 5450: 5440: 5426: 5422: 5415: 5398: 5394: 5386: 5382: 5374: 5367: 5359: 5355: 5347: 5343: 5336: 5314: 5307: 5302: 5298: 5289: 5285: 5280: 5276: 5270: 5266: 5261: 5257: 5252: 5248: 5243: 5239: 5234: 5230: 5225: 5221: 5216: 5212: 5207: 5203: 5194: 5190: 5181: 5177: 5168: 5164: 5157: 5153: 5143: 5141: 5139: 5123: 5119: 5109: 5107: 5098: 5097: 5093: 5083: 5081: 5072: 5071: 5067: 5050: 5046: 5037: 5033: 5020: 5019: 5015: 5004: 5000: 4992: 4988: 4979: 4978: 4974: 4963: 4959: 4955: 4950: 4949: 4944: 4940: 4934: 4930: 4925: 4908: 4903: 4899: 4894: 4890: 4885: 4881: 4876: 4872: 4867: 4863: 4858: 4854: 4849: 4845: 4840: 4836: 4830: 4826: 4820: 4816: 4811: 4807: 4801: 4797: 4792: 4788: 4782: 4778: 4773: 4769: 4764: 4760: 4755: 4751: 4746: 4742: 4737: 4733: 4728: 4724: 4719: 4715: 4710: 4706: 4701: 4697: 4692: 4688: 4683: 4679: 4674: 4670: 4665: 4661: 4656: 4652: 4647: 4643: 4638: 4634: 4629: 4625: 4620: 4616: 4611: 4607: 4602: 4598: 4593: 4589: 4584: 4580: 4575: 4571: 4566: 4562: 4557: 4550: 4545: 4541: 4536: 4532: 4527: 4523: 4518: 4514: 4509: 4505: 4500: 4496: 4491: 4487: 4482: 4478: 4473: 4469: 4452: 4448: 4443: 4416: 4403:15th Pontoon Co 4400:15th Co, Miners 4382: 4363: 4344: 4263: 4185: 4134:Domenico Grandi 4130: 4075: 4067: 4035:(69–71, 97 Cos) 4028: 3997: 3919: 3841: 3830: 3790: 3700: 3642: 3630:12th Pontoon Co 3627:19th Co, Miners 3537: 3526: 3506: 3502: 3499: 3497: 3475: 3411: 3285: 3216: 3205: 3191: 3187: 3184: 3182: 3175:14th Pontoon Co 3157: 3045: 2938: 2931:Roberto Brusati 2927: 2922: 2900: 2867:Italian fascism 2844:The subsequent 2804:as well as the 2784:(1919) and the 2767:did not assign 2724:First World War 2720:Undefeated Duke 2700: 2611: 2590:, 117,480 from 2583: 2553:Vittorio Veneto 2541: 2535: 2456:Ragazzi del '99 2428: 2422: 2417: 2316: 2294:with 10 mines, 2201: 2191: 2178:Emperor Charles 2146: 2125: 2044: 2038: 2009: 2008: 2007: 2006: 2005: 1998: 1989: 1988: 1987: 1980: 1969: 1867:regiments from 1796: 1780:karst landscape 1766:in the area of 1751:borders to the 1733: 1728: 1690:Austria-Hungary 1682:Triple Alliance 1546:Triple Alliance 1530:Triple Alliance 1510:Triple Alliance 1482:Triple Alliance 1472:. According to 1434:Gavrilo Princip 1371:Triple Alliance 1363:Austria-Hungary 1347: 1342: 1306:Austria-Hungary 1251:Austria-Hungary 1239:theatres of war 1225: 1222:Fronte italiano 1210: 1209: 1208: 1203: 1184:Monte Cristallo 1159:Sentinella Pass 1134:Vittorio Veneto 1109:2nd Piave River 1092:1st Piave River 956: 951: 949: 919: 914: 663: 657: 655: 614: 613: 611: 610:175,041 missing 609: 608:560,863 wounded 607: 605: 595: 591: 589: 583: 581: 571: 570: 568: 566: 564: 554: 553: 551: 549: 548:946,640 wounded 547: 545: 535: 524: 515: 513: 512: 510: 508:Austria-Hungary 501: 499: 493:1918: 1,200 in 492: 483: 481: 480: 478: 476:Romanian Legion 470: 468: 467: 462: 453: 451: 450: 449: 447: 437: 435: 433: 431: 421: 419: 417: 413:1915: up to 58 412: 402: 400: 380: 379: 368: 367: 366: 355: 354: 344: 331: 330: 329: 327:Rudolph Lambart 319: 318: 308: 307: 297: 279: 277: 276: 273:Austria-Hungary 266: 264: 262: 240: 238: 237: 227: 225: 223: 213: 211: 206:Romanian Legion 200: 198: 187: 185: 184: 170: 167: 122: 82: 65: 51: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 8394: 8384: 8383: 8378: 8373: 8368: 8363: 8358: 8353: 8336: 8335: 8333: 8332: 8326: 8323: 8322: 8319: 8318: 8316: 8315: 8308: 8301: 8296: 8288: 8286: 8282: 8281: 8278: 8277: 8275: 8274: 8269: 8268: 8267: 8262: 8257: 8252: 8247: 8237: 8232: 8231: 8230: 8225: 8217: 8211: 8209: 8207:Peace treaties 8206: 8203: 8202: 8200: 8199: 8194: 8189: 8184: 8179: 8174: 8169: 8164: 8159: 8154: 8148: 8146: 8142: 8141: 8139: 8138: 8133: 8128: 8123: 8118: 8112: 8110: 8104: 8103: 8101: 8100: 8095: 8093:United Kingdom 8090: 8085: 8083:Ottoman Empire 8080: 8075: 8070: 8065: 8060: 8054: 8052: 8045: 8040: 8037: 8036: 8033: 8032: 8030: 8029: 8024: 8019: 8014: 8009: 8008: 8007: 8002: 7997: 7987: 7985:Sack of Dinant 7982: 7977: 7972: 7971: 7970: 7965: 7964: 7963: 7949: 7947: 7941: 7940: 7938: 7937: 7936: 7935: 7933:United Kingdom 7930: 7921: 7919: 7913: 7912: 7910: 7909: 7908: 7907: 7902: 7893: 7887:POW locations 7885: 7880: 7879: 7878: 7869: 7867: 7861: 7860: 7858: 7857: 7856: 7855: 7850: 7842: 7837: 7836: 7835: 7828: 7823: 7818: 7810: 7809: 7808: 7803: 7795: 7789: 7787: 7783: 7782: 7780: 7779: 7774: 7769: 7763: 7761: 7754: 7753: 7752: 7751: 7746: 7738: 7733: 7732: 7731: 7722: 7720: 7712: 7709: 7708: 7705: 7704: 7702: 7701: 7696: 7695: 7694: 7687:United Kingdom 7684: 7682:Ottoman Empire 7679: 7674: 7668: 7666: 7659: 7658: 7656:Trench warfare 7653: 7652: 7651: 7641: 7636: 7631: 7626: 7621: 7620: 7619: 7608: 7606: 7599: 7595: 7594: 7591: 7590: 7588: 7587: 7581: 7575: 7569: 7563: 7562: 7561: 7555: 7549: 7543: 7532: 7526: 7520: 7514: 7508: 7502: 7496: 7490: 7484: 7478: 7472: 7466: 7460: 7454: 7448: 7442: 7436: 7429: 7427: 7423: 7422: 7420: 7419: 7413: 7407: 7401: 7395: 7389: 7383: 7377: 7372: 7369:Volta-Bani War 7366: 7360: 7354: 7348: 7342: 7336: 7330: 7324: 7318: 7311: 7309: 7305: 7304: 7302: 7301: 7296: 7291: 7286: 7281: 7276: 7271: 7266: 7261: 7256: 7251: 7246: 7241: 7236: 7231: 7226: 7221: 7216: 7214:Zeebrugge Raid 7211: 7206: 7201: 7195: 7193: 7187: 7186: 7184: 7183: 7178: 7173: 7168: 7163: 7158: 7153: 7148: 7143: 7138: 7133: 7128: 7123: 7118: 7113: 7108: 7103: 7097: 7095: 7089: 7088: 7086: 7085: 7080: 7075: 7070: 7065: 7060: 7059: 7058: 7048: 7043: 7038: 7033: 7028: 7022: 7020: 7016: 7015: 7013: 7012: 7007: 7005:Battle of Loos 7002: 6997: 6992: 6987: 6982: 6977: 6972: 6967: 6962: 6957: 6952: 6947: 6939: 6934: 6929: 6923: 6921: 6917: 6916: 6914: 6913: 6908: 6903: 6898: 6896:Black Sea raid 6893: 6888: 6883: 6878: 6873: 6868: 6863: 6858: 6853: 6848: 6843: 6838: 6833: 6827: 6825: 6821: 6820: 6818: 6817: 6812: 6807: 6802: 6801: 6800: 6798:Historiography 6789: 6787: 6783: 6782: 6780: 6779: 6773: 6767: 6761: 6755: 6752:Bosnian Crisis 6749: 6746:Tangier Crisis 6743: 6737: 6731: 6724: 6722: 6715: 6709: 6708: 6705: 6704: 6702: 6701: 6696: 6691: 6686: 6681: 6679:Ottoman Empire 6676: 6671: 6666: 6660: 6658: 6656:Central Powers 6652: 6651: 6649: 6648: 6643: 6642: 6641: 6639:British Empire 6634:United Kingdom 6631: 6626: 6621: 6620: 6619: 6614: 6612:Russian Empire 6604: 6599: 6594: 6589: 6588: 6587: 6577: 6572: 6567: 6566: 6565: 6555: 6550: 6545: 6540: 6534: 6532: 6530:Entente Powers 6523: 6518: 6515: 6514: 6511: 6510: 6508: 6507: 6502: 6501: 6500: 6498:North Atlantic 6489: 6487: 6481: 6480: 6478: 6477: 6472: 6467: 6461: 6459: 6453: 6452: 6450: 6449: 6444: 6439: 6434: 6429: 6423: 6421: 6415: 6414: 6412: 6411: 6409:Central Arabia 6406: 6401: 6396: 6391: 6386: 6381: 6375: 6373: 6371:Middle Eastern 6367: 6366: 6364: 6363: 6358: 6357: 6356: 6346: 6341: 6340: 6339: 6328: 6326: 6317: 6313: 6312: 6310: 6309: 6304: 6299: 6294: 6289: 6284: 6279: 6274: 6272:Historiography 6269: 6264: 6259: 6254: 6249: 6243: 6240: 6239: 6232: 6231: 6224: 6217: 6209: 6202: 6201: 6180: 6179: 6166: 6156: 6147: 6126: 6113: 6103: 6101: 6098: 6096: 6095: 6089: 6077:Thompson, Mark 6073: 6054: 6043: 6037: 6020: 6011: 6005: 5989: 5983: 5967: 5953: 5942: 5916:Edmonds, J. E. 5912: 5907:978-0786474707 5906: 5893: 5887: 5874: 5854: 5840: 5838: 5835: 5833: 5832: 5820: 5810:G.Sabbatucci, 5803: 5796: 5776: 5754: 5708: 5695: 5677: 5659: 5642: 5633: 5615: 5597: 5590: 5566: 5559: 5541: 5534: 5516: 5486: 5474: 5448: 5438: 5420: 5413: 5401:Thompson, Mark 5392: 5390:, p. 322. 5380: 5378:, p. 319. 5365: 5363:, p. 376. 5353: 5351:, p. 246. 5341: 5334: 5305: 5296: 5283: 5274: 5264: 5255: 5246: 5237: 5228: 5219: 5210: 5201: 5195:Hugo Hantsch: 5188: 5182:Hugo Hantsch: 5175: 5162: 5151: 5137: 5117: 5091: 5065: 5044: 5031: 5013: 4998: 4986: 4972: 4956: 4954: 4951: 4948: 4947: 4938: 4928: 4906: 4897: 4888: 4879: 4870: 4861: 4852: 4843: 4834: 4824: 4814: 4805: 4795: 4786: 4776: 4767: 4758: 4749: 4740: 4731: 4722: 4713: 4704: 4695: 4686: 4677: 4668: 4659: 4650: 4641: 4632: 4623: 4614: 4605: 4596: 4587: 4578: 4569: 4560: 4548: 4539: 4530: 4521: 4512: 4503: 4494: 4485: 4476: 4467: 4445: 4444: 4442: 4439: 4438: 4437: 4432: 4422: 4415: 4412: 4411: 4410: 4407: 4404: 4401: 4398: 4395: 4392: 4389: 4386: 4381: 4378: 4377: 4376: 4373: 4370: 4362: 4359: 4358: 4357: 4354: 4351: 4343: 4340: 4339: 4338: 4337: 4336: 4333: 4330: 4327: 4324: 4318: 4317: 4316: 4313: 4310: 4304: 4303: 4302: 4299: 4296: 4290: 4289: 4288: 4285: 4282: 4279: 4276: 4262: 4259: 4258: 4257: 4256: 4255: 4252: 4251:5th Pontoon Co 4249: 4246: 4240: 4239: 4238: 4235: 4232: 4229: 4226: 4220: 4219: 4218: 4215: 4212: 4206: 4205: 4204: 4201: 4198: 4184: 4181: 4180: 4179: 4178: 4177: 4174: 4168: 4167: 4166: 4163: 4160: 4154: 4153: 4152: 4149: 4146: 4143: 4129: 4126: 4125: 4124: 4123: 4122: 4119: 4116: 4110: 4109: 4108: 4105: 4102: 4096: 4095: 4094: 4091: 4088: 4074: 4071: 4066: 4063: 4062: 4061: 4058: 4055: 4052: 4049: 4046: 4043: 4040: 4036: 4027: 4024: 4023: 4022: 4019: 4016: 4015:1st Pontoon Co 4013: 4010: 4007: 4004: 4001: 3996: 3993: 3992: 3991: 3990: 3989: 3986: 3983: 3980: 3971: 3970: 3969: 3966: 3963: 3960: 3957: 3951: 3950: 3949: 3946: 3943: 3937: 3936: 3935: 3932: 3929: 3918: 3915: 3914: 3913: 3912: 3911: 3908: 3905: 3902: 3896: 3895: 3894: 3891: 3888: 3882: 3881: 3880: 3877: 3874: 3868: 3867: 3866: 3863: 3860: 3857: 3854: 3840: 3837: 3829: 3826: 3825: 3824: 3821: 3818: 3815: 3812: 3809: 3806: 3805:5th Co, Miners 3803: 3800: 3797: 3794: 3789: 3786: 3785: 3784: 3783: 3782: 3779: 3776: 3770: 3769: 3768: 3765: 3762: 3759: 3756: 3753: 3750: 3747: 3744: 3741: 3735: 3734: 3733: 3730: 3727: 3721: 3720: 3719: 3716: 3713: 3699: 3696: 3695: 3694: 3693: 3692: 3689: 3683: 3682: 3681: 3678: 3675: 3669: 3668: 3667: 3664: 3661: 3658: 3655: 3641: 3638: 3637: 3636: 3635: 3634: 3631: 3628: 3625: 3622: 3619: 3616: 3613: 3610: 3604: 3603: 3602: 3599: 3596: 3593: 3590: 3587: 3584: 3578: 3577: 3576: 3573: 3570: 3564: 3563: 3562: 3559: 3556: 3553: 3550: 3547: 3536: 3533: 3525: 3522: 3521: 3520: 3517: 3514: 3511: 3494: 3491: 3490:8th Co, Miners 3488: 3485: 3482: 3479: 3474: 3471: 3470: 3469: 3468: 3467: 3464: 3461: 3458: 3452: 3451: 3450: 3447: 3444: 3441: 3435: 3434: 3433: 3430: 3427: 3424: 3421: 3410: 3407: 3406: 3405: 3404: 3403: 3400: 3397: 3394: 3388: 3387: 3386: 3383: 3380: 3374: 3373: 3372: 3369: 3366: 3360: 3359: 3358: 3355: 3349: 3343: 3340: 3331: 3330: 3329: 3326: 3323: 3317: 3316: 3315: 3312: 3309: 3303: 3302: 3301: 3298: 3295: 3284: 3281: 3280: 3279: 3278: 3277: 3274: 3271: 3268: 3262: 3261: 3260: 3257: 3254: 3248: 3247: 3246: 3243: 3240: 3234: 3233: 3232: 3229: 3226: 3215: 3212: 3209:Pietro Frugoni 3204: 3201: 3200: 3199: 3196: 3179: 3176: 3173: 3170: 3167: 3164: 3161: 3156: 3153: 3152: 3151: 3150: 3149: 3146: 3143: 3140: 3137: 3134: 3130: 3127: 3124: 3121: 3118: 3115: 3112: 3106: 3103: 3094: 3093: 3092: 3089: 3086: 3080: 3079: 3078: 3075: 3072: 3066: 3065: 3064: 3061: 3058: 3044: 3041: 3040: 3039: 3038: 3037: 3034: 3031: 3028: 3025: 3022: 3019: 3016: 3013: 3010: 3007: 3004: 2995: 2994: 2993: 2990: 2987: 2977: 2976: 2975: 2972: 2969: 2963: 2962: 2961: 2958: 2955: 2937: 2934: 2926: 2923: 2921: 2918: 2846:Treaty of Rome 2778:Ottoman Empire 2756:Woodrow Wilson 2699: 2696: 2662:of Italy. The 2610: 2607: 2596:Southern Italy 2588:Northern Italy 2582: 2579: 2537:Main article: 2534: 2531: 2424:Main article: 2421: 2418: 2416: 2413: 2315: 2312: 2280:trench warfare 2252:mountain peaks 2248:carbonate rock 2211:in the ice at 2190: 2187: 2156:, October 1917 2145: 2142: 2124: 2121: 2040:Main article: 2037: 2034: 1999: 1992: 1991: 1990: 1981: 1974: 1973: 1972: 1971: 1970: 1933:records that " 1931:Emilio De Bono 1891: 1890: 1887: 1884: 1811:Archduke Eugen 1795: 1792: 1732: 1729: 1727: 1724: 1723: 1722: 1715: 1714: 1698: 1697: 1670: 1669: 1662:Vladimir Lenin 1646:Triple Entente 1630:United Kingdom 1618: 1617: 1606:Triple Entente 1586: 1585: 1574:Stephan Burián 1540:- 5 November, 1534: 1533: 1514: 1513: 1486: 1485: 1466:Alberto Pollio 1458: 1457: 1422: 1421: 1394:Ottoman Empire 1376: 1375: 1355:Bosnian Crisis 1346: 1345:Pre-war period 1343: 1341: 1338: 1287:high altitudes 1279:trench warfare 1205: 1204: 1202: 1201: 1196: 1191: 1186: 1181: 1176: 1171: 1166: 1161: 1156: 1151: 1137: 1136: 1131: 1126: 1121: 1116: 1100: 1099: 1094: 1089: 1084: 1079: 1074: 1069: 1064: 1053: 1052: 1047: 1042: 1037: 1032: 1022: 1012: 1001: 1000: 995: 990: 985: 980: 975: 970: 961: 958: 957: 948: 947: 940: 933: 925: 916: 915: 913: 912: 907: 902: 897: 892: 887: 882: 876: 875: 873:Naval theatres 869: 868: 863: 858: 853: 848: 842: 841: 835: 834: 833: 832: 822: 821: 820: 810: 805: 800: 795: 794: 793: 782: 781: 775: 774: 772:Central Arabia 769: 764: 759: 754: 749: 744: 739: 733: 732: 726: 725: 724: 723: 718: 713: 703: 698: 697: 696: 691: 681: 675: 674: 668: 665: 664: 654: 653: 646: 639: 631: 623: 622: 606:155,350 killed 593: 550:70,656 missing 546:246,133 killed 532: 531: 527: 526: 497: 428:United Kingdom 396: 395: 391: 390: 388:Otto von Below 342: 294: 293: 289: 288: 261: 260: 256:Central Powers 251: 249: 220:United Kingdom 209: 208: 196: 166: 165: 156: 153: 152: 148: 147: 144: 143: 126:Italy annexes 124: 118: 117: 116: 115: 114: 113: 108: 98: 88: 84: 83: 80:Venetian Plain 74: 72: 68: 67: 62: 54: 53: 43: 42: 35: 34: 28: 27: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8393: 8382: 8379: 8377: 8374: 8372: 8369: 8367: 8364: 8362: 8359: 8357: 8354: 8352: 8349: 8348: 8346: 8331: 8328: 8327: 8324: 8314: 8313: 8309: 8307: 8306: 8302: 8300: 8297: 8295: 8294: 8290: 8289: 8287: 8283: 8273: 8270: 8266: 8263: 8261: 8258: 8256: 8253: 8251: 8248: 8246: 8243: 8242: 8241: 8238: 8236: 8233: 8229: 8226: 8224: 8221: 8220: 8218: 8216: 8213: 8212: 8210: 8204: 8198: 8195: 8193: 8190: 8188: 8185: 8183: 8180: 8178: 8175: 8173: 8170: 8168: 8165: 8163: 8160: 8158: 8155: 8153: 8150: 8149: 8147: 8143: 8137: 8134: 8132: 8129: 8127: 8124: 8122: 8119: 8117: 8114: 8113: 8111: 8109: 8105: 8099: 8098:United States 8096: 8094: 8091: 8089: 8086: 8084: 8081: 8079: 8076: 8074: 8071: 8069: 8066: 8064: 8061: 8059: 8056: 8055: 8053: 8049: 8046: 8043: 8038: 8028: 8025: 8023: 8020: 8018: 8015: 8013: 8010: 8006: 8003: 8001: 7998: 7996: 7993: 7992: 7991: 7988: 7986: 7983: 7981: 7978: 7976: 7973: 7969: 7966: 7962: 7959: 7958: 7957: 7954: 7953: 7951: 7950: 7948: 7946: 7942: 7934: 7931: 7929: 7926: 7925: 7923: 7922: 7920: 7918: 7914: 7906: 7903: 7901: 7897: 7894: 7892: 7889: 7888: 7886: 7884: 7881: 7877: 7874: 7873: 7871: 7870: 7868: 7866: 7862: 7854: 7851: 7849: 7846: 7845: 7843: 7841: 7838: 7834: 7833: 7829: 7827: 7824: 7822: 7819: 7817: 7814: 7813: 7811: 7807: 7804: 7802: 7799: 7798: 7796: 7794: 7791: 7790: 7788: 7784: 7778: 7775: 7773: 7770: 7768: 7765: 7764: 7762: 7758: 7750: 7747: 7745: 7742: 7741: 7739: 7737: 7734: 7730: 7727: 7726: 7724: 7723: 7721: 7715: 7710: 7700: 7699:United States 7697: 7693: 7690: 7689: 7688: 7685: 7683: 7680: 7678: 7675: 7673: 7670: 7669: 7667: 7663: 7657: 7654: 7650: 7649:Convoy system 7647: 7646: 7645: 7644:Naval warfare 7642: 7640: 7637: 7635: 7632: 7630: 7627: 7625: 7622: 7618: 7615: 7614: 7613: 7610: 7609: 7607: 7603: 7600: 7596: 7585: 7582: 7579: 7576: 7573: 7570: 7567: 7564: 7559: 7556: 7553: 7550: 7547: 7544: 7541: 7538: 7537: 7536: 7533: 7530: 7527: 7524: 7521: 7518: 7515: 7512: 7509: 7506: 7503: 7500: 7497: 7494: 7491: 7488: 7485: 7482: 7479: 7476: 7473: 7470: 7467: 7464: 7461: 7458: 7455: 7452: 7449: 7446: 7443: 7440: 7437: 7434: 7431: 7430: 7428: 7424: 7417: 7414: 7411: 7408: 7405: 7404:Kaocen revolt 7402: 7399: 7398:Easter Rising 7396: 7393: 7390: 7387: 7384: 7381: 7378: 7376: 7373: 7370: 7367: 7364: 7361: 7358: 7355: 7352: 7349: 7346: 7343: 7340: 7337: 7334: 7331: 7328: 7325: 7322: 7319: 7316: 7313: 7312: 7310: 7306: 7300: 7297: 7295: 7292: 7290: 7287: 7285: 7282: 7280: 7277: 7275: 7272: 7270: 7267: 7265: 7262: 7260: 7257: 7255: 7252: 7250: 7247: 7245: 7242: 7240: 7237: 7235: 7232: 7230: 7227: 7225: 7222: 7220: 7217: 7215: 7212: 7210: 7207: 7205: 7202: 7200: 7197: 7196: 7194: 7192: 7188: 7182: 7179: 7177: 7174: 7172: 7169: 7167: 7164: 7162: 7159: 7157: 7154: 7152: 7149: 7147: 7144: 7142: 7139: 7137: 7134: 7132: 7129: 7127: 7124: 7122: 7119: 7117: 7114: 7112: 7109: 7107: 7104: 7102: 7099: 7098: 7096: 7094: 7090: 7084: 7081: 7079: 7076: 7074: 7071: 7069: 7066: 7064: 7061: 7057: 7054: 7053: 7052: 7049: 7047: 7044: 7042: 7039: 7037: 7034: 7032: 7029: 7027: 7024: 7023: 7021: 7017: 7011: 7008: 7006: 7003: 7001: 6998: 6996: 6993: 6991: 6988: 6986: 6983: 6981: 6978: 6976: 6973: 6971: 6970:Great Retreat 6968: 6966: 6963: 6961: 6958: 6956: 6953: 6951: 6948: 6946: 6945: 6940: 6938: 6935: 6933: 6930: 6928: 6925: 6924: 6922: 6918: 6912: 6909: 6907: 6904: 6902: 6899: 6897: 6894: 6892: 6889: 6887: 6884: 6882: 6879: 6877: 6874: 6872: 6869: 6867: 6864: 6862: 6859: 6857: 6854: 6852: 6849: 6847: 6844: 6842: 6841:Battle of Cer 6839: 6837: 6834: 6832: 6829: 6828: 6826: 6822: 6816: 6813: 6811: 6808: 6806: 6803: 6799: 6796: 6795: 6794: 6791: 6790: 6788: 6784: 6777: 6774: 6771: 6768: 6765: 6762: 6759: 6758:Agadir Crisis 6756: 6753: 6750: 6747: 6744: 6741: 6738: 6735: 6732: 6729: 6726: 6725: 6723: 6719: 6716: 6714: 6710: 6700: 6697: 6695: 6692: 6690: 6687: 6685: 6682: 6680: 6677: 6675: 6672: 6670: 6667: 6665: 6662: 6661: 6659: 6657: 6653: 6647: 6646:United States 6644: 6640: 6637: 6636: 6635: 6632: 6630: 6627: 6625: 6622: 6618: 6615: 6613: 6610: 6609: 6608: 6605: 6603: 6600: 6598: 6595: 6593: 6590: 6586: 6583: 6582: 6581: 6578: 6576: 6573: 6571: 6568: 6564: 6563:French Empire 6561: 6560: 6559: 6556: 6554: 6551: 6549: 6546: 6544: 6541: 6539: 6536: 6535: 6533: 6531: 6527: 6524: 6516: 6506: 6505:Mediterranean 6503: 6499: 6496: 6495: 6494: 6491: 6490: 6488: 6486: 6485:Naval warfare 6482: 6476: 6473: 6471: 6468: 6466: 6463: 6462: 6460: 6458: 6454: 6448: 6445: 6443: 6440: 6438: 6435: 6433: 6430: 6428: 6425: 6424: 6422: 6420: 6416: 6410: 6407: 6405: 6402: 6400: 6397: 6395: 6392: 6390: 6387: 6385: 6382: 6380: 6377: 6376: 6374: 6372: 6368: 6362: 6361:Italian Front 6359: 6355: 6352: 6351: 6350: 6349:Eastern Front 6347: 6345: 6344:Western Front 6342: 6338: 6335: 6334: 6333: 6330: 6329: 6327: 6325: 6321: 6318: 6314: 6308: 6305: 6303: 6302:Puppet states 6300: 6298: 6295: 6293: 6290: 6288: 6285: 6283: 6280: 6278: 6275: 6273: 6270: 6268: 6265: 6263: 6260: 6258: 6255: 6253: 6250: 6248: 6245: 6244: 6241: 6237: 6230: 6225: 6223: 6218: 6216: 6211: 6210: 6207: 6200: 6190: 6189: 6186: 6176: 6170: 6160: 6151: 6144: 6140: 6136: 6130: 6123: 6117: 6108: 6104: 6092: 6086: 6082: 6078: 6074: 6062: 6061: 6055: 6052: 6048: 6044: 6040: 6038:1-84176-398-5 6034: 6030: 6026: 6021: 6017: 6012: 6008: 6002: 5998: 5994: 5990: 5986: 5984:0-09-179392-0 5980: 5976: 5972: 5968: 5964: 5963: 5958: 5954: 5951: 5947: 5943: 5939: 5935: 5931: 5927: 5926: 5921: 5917: 5913: 5909: 5903: 5899: 5894: 5890: 5888:1-85285-166-X 5884: 5880: 5875: 5871: 5865: 5857: 5855:5-93165-107-1 5851: 5847: 5842: 5841: 5829: 5824: 5817: 5814:, in AA.VV., 5813: 5807: 5799: 5793: 5789: 5788: 5780: 5764: 5758: 5750: 5744: 5725: 5718: 5712: 5705: 5699: 5693: 5689: 5688: 5681: 5675: 5671: 5670: 5663: 5657: 5653: 5652: 5646: 5637: 5630: 5629: 5624: 5618: 5612: 5608: 5601: 5593: 5591:0-394-50694-4 5587: 5583: 5579: 5578: 5570: 5562: 5560:0-275-97204-6 5556: 5552: 5545: 5537: 5535:0-275-94877-3 5531: 5527: 5520: 5504: 5500: 5496: 5490: 5483: 5478: 5462: 5458: 5452: 5445: 5441: 5435: 5431: 5424: 5416: 5410: 5406: 5402: 5396: 5389: 5384: 5377: 5372: 5370: 5362: 5357: 5350: 5345: 5337: 5335:0-375-40052-4 5331: 5327: 5322: 5321: 5312: 5310: 5300: 5293: 5287: 5278: 5268: 5259: 5250: 5241: 5232: 5223: 5214: 5205: 5198: 5192: 5185: 5179: 5172: 5166: 5160: 5155: 5140: 5138:9788856818680 5134: 5130: 5129: 5121: 5105: 5101: 5095: 5079: 5075: 5069: 5062: 5058: 5054: 5048: 5041: 5035: 5027: 5023: 5017: 5011: 5007: 5002: 4995: 4990: 4982: 4976: 4970: 4966: 4961: 4957: 4942: 4932: 4923: 4921: 4919: 4917: 4915: 4913: 4911: 4901: 4892: 4883: 4874: 4865: 4856: 4847: 4838: 4828: 4818: 4809: 4799: 4790: 4780: 4771: 4762: 4753: 4744: 4735: 4726: 4717: 4708: 4699: 4690: 4681: 4672: 4663: 4654: 4645: 4636: 4627: 4618: 4609: 4600: 4591: 4582: 4573: 4564: 4555: 4553: 4543: 4534: 4525: 4516: 4507: 4498: 4489: 4480: 4471: 4464: 4460: 4456: 4450: 4446: 4436: 4433: 4430: 4427:- located in 4426: 4423: 4421: 4418: 4417: 4408: 4405: 4402: 4399: 4396: 4393: 4390: 4387: 4384: 4383: 4374: 4371: 4368: 4367: 4366: 4355: 4352: 4349: 4348: 4347: 4334: 4331: 4328: 4325: 4322: 4321: 4320:Corps Troops 4319: 4314: 4311: 4308: 4307: 4305: 4300: 4297: 4294: 4293: 4291: 4286: 4283: 4280: 4277: 4274: 4273: 4271: 4270: 4269: 4268: 4267:Paolo Morrone 4253: 4250: 4247: 4244: 4243: 4242:Corps Troops 4241: 4236: 4233: 4230: 4227: 4224: 4223: 4221: 4216: 4213: 4210: 4209: 4207: 4202: 4199: 4196: 4195: 4193: 4192: 4191: 4190: 4189:Gaetano Zoppi 4175: 4172: 4171: 4170:Corps Troops 4169: 4164: 4161: 4158: 4157: 4155: 4150: 4147: 4144: 4141: 4140: 4138: 4137: 4136: 4135: 4120: 4117: 4114: 4113: 4112:Corps Troops 4111: 4106: 4103: 4100: 4099: 4097: 4092: 4089: 4086: 4085: 4083: 4082: 4081: 4080: 4070: 4059: 4056: 4053: 4050: 4047: 4044: 4041: 4037: 4033: 4032: 4031: 4020: 4017: 4014: 4011: 4008: 4005: 4002: 3999: 3998: 3987: 3984: 3981: 3978: 3975: 3974: 3973:Corps Troops 3972: 3967: 3964: 3961: 3958: 3955: 3954: 3952: 3947: 3944: 3941: 3940: 3938: 3933: 3930: 3927: 3926: 3924: 3923: 3922: 3909: 3906: 3903: 3900: 3899: 3898:Corps Troops 3897: 3892: 3889: 3886: 3885: 3883: 3878: 3875: 3872: 3871: 3869: 3864: 3861: 3858: 3855: 3852: 3851: 3849: 3848: 3847: 3846: 3845:Ottavio Ragni 3836: 3835: 3822: 3819: 3816: 3813: 3810: 3807: 3804: 3801: 3798: 3795: 3792: 3791: 3780: 3777: 3774: 3773: 3772:Corps Troops 3771: 3766: 3763: 3760: 3757: 3754: 3751: 3748: 3745: 3742: 3739: 3738: 3736: 3731: 3728: 3725: 3724: 3722: 3717: 3714: 3711: 3710: 3708: 3707: 3706: 3705: 3690: 3687: 3686: 3685:Corps Troops 3684: 3679: 3676: 3673: 3672: 3670: 3665: 3662: 3659: 3656: 3653: 3652: 3650: 3649: 3648: 3647: 3632: 3629: 3626: 3623: 3620: 3617: 3614: 3611: 3608: 3607: 3606:Corps Troops 3605: 3600: 3597: 3594: 3591: 3588: 3585: 3582: 3581: 3579: 3574: 3571: 3568: 3567: 3565: 3560: 3557: 3554: 3551: 3548: 3545: 3544: 3542: 3541: 3540: 3532: 3531: 3518: 3515: 3512: 3495: 3492: 3489: 3486: 3483: 3480: 3477: 3476: 3465: 3462: 3459: 3456: 3455: 3454:Corps Troops 3453: 3448: 3445: 3442: 3439: 3438: 3436: 3431: 3428: 3425: 3422: 3419: 3418: 3416: 3415: 3414: 3401: 3398: 3395: 3392: 3391: 3390:Corps Troops 3389: 3384: 3381: 3378: 3377: 3375: 3370: 3367: 3364: 3363: 3361: 3356: 3353: 3350: 3347: 3344: 3341: 3338: 3335: 3334: 3332: 3327: 3324: 3321: 3320: 3318: 3313: 3310: 3307: 3306: 3304: 3299: 3296: 3293: 3292: 3290: 3289: 3288: 3275: 3272: 3269: 3266: 3265: 3264:Corps Troops 3263: 3258: 3255: 3252: 3251: 3249: 3244: 3241: 3238: 3237: 3235: 3230: 3227: 3224: 3223: 3221: 3220: 3219: 3211: 3210: 3197: 3180: 3177: 3174: 3171: 3168: 3165: 3162: 3159: 3158: 3147: 3144: 3141: 3138: 3135: 3131: 3128: 3125: 3122: 3119: 3116: 3113: 3110: 3107: 3104: 3101: 3098: 3097: 3096:Corps Troops 3095: 3090: 3087: 3084: 3083: 3081: 3076: 3073: 3070: 3069: 3067: 3062: 3059: 3056: 3055: 3053: 3052: 3051: 3050: 3035: 3032: 3029: 3026: 3023: 3020: 3017: 3014: 3011: 3008: 3005: 3002: 2999: 2998: 2997:Corps Troops 2996: 2991: 2988: 2985: 2984: 2982: 2978: 2973: 2970: 2967: 2966: 2964: 2959: 2956: 2953: 2952: 2950: 2949:Luigi Druetti 2946: 2945: 2944: 2943: 2933: 2932: 2913: 2906: 2905: 2898: 2894: 2890: 2888: 2884: 2883:liberal Italy 2880: 2876: 2872: 2868: 2865: 2861: 2857: 2856: 2851: 2847: 2842: 2840: 2836: 2832: 2828: 2827: 2822: 2818: 2813: 2811: 2807: 2803: 2799: 2795: 2791: 2787: 2783: 2779: 2774: 2770: 2766: 2761: 2757: 2754: 2750: 2747: 2743: 2740: 2736: 2733: 2725: 2721: 2717: 2713: 2709: 2704: 2695: 2693: 2689: 2685: 2681: 2677: 2673: 2669: 2665: 2660: 2656: 2652: 2648: 2644: 2640: 2636: 2632: 2624: 2620: 2615: 2606: 2604: 2599: 2597: 2593: 2592:Central Italy 2589: 2578: 2576: 2571: 2566: 2565:flag of truce 2561: 2558: 2554: 2549: 2546: 2540: 2527: 2523: 2519: 2515: 2511: 2506: 2499: 2494: 2490: 2488: 2483: 2479: 2474: 2472: 2467: 2465: 2461: 2457: 2453: 2449: 2445: 2437: 2432: 2427: 2412: 2410: 2406: 2402: 2397: 2395: 2390: 2386: 2382: 2378: 2374: 2369: 2366: 2362: 2358: 2354: 2351: 2347: 2343: 2338: 2336: 2332: 2331:Luigi Capello 2325: 2320: 2311: 2309: 2305: 2301: 2297: 2293: 2289: 2285: 2284:no man's land 2281: 2277: 2276: 2271: 2266: 2264: 2259: 2257: 2253: 2249: 2245: 2241: 2237: 2233: 2225: 2220: 2214: 2210: 2205: 2200: 2196: 2186: 2183: 2180:wrote to the 2179: 2173: 2169: 2167: 2163: 2155: 2150: 2141: 2138: 2134: 2130: 2120: 2118: 2113: 2111: 2106: 2104: 2099: 2097: 2092: 2090: 2089:Luigi Cadorna 2085: 2083: 2079: 2074: 2072: 2068: 2067:Karst Plateau 2064: 2060: 2053: 2048: 2043: 2033: 2031: 2030:Karst Plateau 2027: 2022: 2013: 2003: 1996: 1985: 1978: 1968: 1963: 1961: 1957: 1952: 1947: 1943: 1938: 1936: 1932: 1927: 1923: 1916: 1911: 1908: 1904: 1895: 1888: 1885: 1882: 1881: 1880: 1878: 1877:Luigi Cadorna 1872: 1870: 1866: 1862: 1857: 1853: 1849: 1848:German Empire 1844: 1840: 1836: 1832: 1831:Eastern Front 1828: 1824: 1820: 1816: 1815:Generaloberst 1812: 1805: 1800: 1791: 1787: 1785: 1781: 1777: 1773: 1769: 1765: 1761: 1756: 1754: 1750: 1746: 1742: 1738: 1720: 1717: 1716: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1700: 1699: 1695: 1691: 1687: 1684:in a note to 1683: 1679: 1675: 1672: 1671: 1667: 1663: 1659: 1655: 1651: 1647: 1643: 1639: 1635: 1631: 1627: 1623: 1620: 1619: 1615: 1614:Eastern Front 1611: 1607: 1603: 1599: 1595: 1591: 1588: 1587: 1583: 1579: 1575: 1571: 1567: 1563: 1559: 1555: 1551: 1547: 1543: 1539: 1536: 1535: 1531: 1527: 1523: 1519: 1516: 1515: 1511: 1507: 1503: 1499: 1495: 1491: 1488: 1487: 1483: 1479: 1475: 1471: 1470:Luigi Cadorna 1467: 1463: 1460: 1459: 1455: 1451: 1447: 1446:dual monarchy 1443: 1439: 1435: 1431: 1427: 1424: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1399: 1395: 1391: 1387: 1384: 1383: 1381: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1360: 1356: 1352: 1349: 1348: 1337: 1335: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1294: 1292: 1291:refugee camps 1288: 1284: 1283:Western Front 1280: 1276: 1272: 1268: 1264: 1260: 1256: 1252: 1248: 1244: 1240: 1236: 1232: 1228: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1214:Italian front 1200: 1199:Monte Paterno 1197: 1195: 1192: 1190: 1187: 1185: 1182: 1180: 1177: 1175: 1172: 1170: 1167: 1165: 1162: 1160: 1157: 1155: 1152: 1150: 1147: 1146: 1145: 1144: 1142: 1135: 1132: 1130: 1127: 1125: 1122: 1120: 1117: 1114: 1110: 1107: 1106: 1105: 1104: 1098: 1095: 1093: 1090: 1088: 1085: 1083: 1080: 1078: 1075: 1073: 1070: 1068: 1065: 1063: 1060: 1059: 1058: 1057: 1051: 1048: 1046: 1043: 1041: 1038: 1036: 1033: 1030: 1026: 1023: 1020: 1016: 1013: 1011: 1008: 1007: 1006: 1005: 999: 996: 994: 991: 989: 986: 984: 981: 979: 976: 974: 971: 969: 966: 965: 964: 959: 954: 953:Italian Front 946: 941: 939: 934: 932: 927: 926: 923: 911: 908: 906: 903: 901: 898: 896: 895:Mediterranean 893: 891: 888: 886: 883: 881: 878: 877: 874: 871: 870: 867: 864: 862: 859: 857: 854: 852: 849: 847: 844: 843: 840: 837: 836: 831: 828: 827: 826: 823: 819: 816: 815: 814: 811: 809: 806: 804: 801: 799: 796: 792: 789: 788: 787: 784: 783: 780: 777: 776: 773: 770: 768: 765: 763: 760: 758: 755: 753: 750: 748: 745: 743: 740: 738: 735: 734: 731: 728: 727: 722: 719: 717: 714: 712: 709: 708: 707: 704: 702: 699: 695: 692: 690: 687: 686: 685: 684:Eastern Front 682: 680: 679:Western Front 677: 676: 673: 670: 669: 666: 661: 652: 647: 645: 640: 638: 633: 632: 629: 618: 604: 599: 594: 590:2,302 wounded 587: 580: 575: 567:4,971 wounded 563: 558: 544: 539: 534: 533: 528: 523: 522:German Empire 509: 498: 496: 491: 490:United States 477: 466: 460: 445: 429: 416: 410: 398: 397: 392: 389: 384: 377: 372: 364: 359: 353: 348: 343: 340: 335: 328: 323: 317: 312: 306: 305:Luigi Cadorna 301: 296: 295: 290: 287: 286:German Empire 275: 274: 259: 257: 253: 252: 250: 248: 247:United States 235: 221: 207: 197: 194: 183: 182: 181: 180: 179: 174: 164: 162: 161:Allied Powers 158: 157: 155: 154: 149: 141: 138:and occupies 137: 133: 129: 125: 120: 119: 112: 109: 107: 104: 103: 102: 99: 97: 94: 93: 92: 89: 86: 85: 81: 77: 73: 70: 69: 63: 60: 59: 55: 49: 44: 41: 36: 33:Italian front 31: 26: 22: 8310: 8303: 8291: 7898: / 7830: 7665:Conscription 7629:Cryptography 7566:Iraqi Revolt 7000:Siege of Kut 6943: 6521:participants 6470:German Samoa 6404:South Arabia 6360: 6169: 6159: 6150: 6142: 6134: 6129: 6116: 6107: 6080: 6065:. Retrieved 6059: 6046: 6024: 6015: 6006:0-09-1801788 5996: 5993:Keegan, John 5974: 5971:Keegan, John 5961: 5949: 5945: 5924: 5897: 5878: 5845: 5827: 5823: 5815: 5811: 5806: 5786: 5779: 5767:. Retrieved 5765:(in Italian) 5757: 5731:. Retrieved 5724:the original 5711: 5703: 5698: 5691: 5685: 5680: 5673: 5667: 5662: 5655: 5650: 5645: 5636: 5626: 5620: 5606: 5600: 5576: 5569: 5550: 5544: 5525: 5519: 5507:. Retrieved 5503:the original 5498: 5489: 5477: 5465:. Retrieved 5460: 5451: 5443: 5429: 5423: 5404: 5395: 5383: 5356: 5344: 5319: 5299: 5291: 5286: 5277: 5267: 5258: 5249: 5240: 5231: 5222: 5213: 5204: 5196: 5191: 5183: 5178: 5170: 5165: 5154: 5142:. Retrieved 5127: 5120: 5108:. Retrieved 5104:the original 5094: 5082:. Retrieved 5078:the original 5068: 5060: 5056: 5052: 5047: 5039: 5034: 5025: 5016: 5001: 4993: 4989: 4975: 4965:Mortara 1925 4960: 4941: 4931: 4900: 4891: 4882: 4873: 4864: 4855: 4846: 4837: 4827: 4817: 4808: 4798: 4789: 4779: 4770: 4761: 4752: 4743: 4734: 4725: 4716: 4707: 4698: 4689: 4680: 4671: 4662: 4653: 4644: 4635: 4626: 4617: 4608: 4599: 4590: 4581: 4572: 4563: 4542: 4533: 4524: 4515: 4506: 4497: 4488: 4479: 4470: 4449: 4364: 4345: 4264: 4186: 4131: 4076: 4068: 4029: 3920: 3842: 3831: 3701: 3643: 3538: 3527: 3412: 3286: 3217: 3206: 3046: 2939: 2928: 2902: 2874: 2859: 2853: 2843: 2837:movement of 2830: 2824: 2814: 2794:Julian March 2729: 2719: 2664:Regia Marina 2628: 2600: 2584: 2562: 2550: 2545:Armando Diaz 2542: 2475: 2468: 2455: 2451: 2441: 2405:Monte Grappa 2401:Armando Diaz 2398: 2370: 2339: 2328: 2273: 2267: 2263:White Friday 2260: 2254:and even in 2229: 2209:mine gallery 2174: 2170: 2159: 2126: 2114: 2107: 2100: 2093: 2086: 2075: 2056: 2018: 2004:troops; 1915 1939: 1934: 1918: 1913: 1900: 1873: 1839:Viktor Dankl 1819:Alfred Krauß 1809: 1794:Mobilization 1788: 1772:Adriatic Sea 1760:Stelvio Pass 1757: 1737:Stelvio Pass 1734: 1718: 1701: 1673: 1621: 1589: 1566:István Tisza 1560:to cede the 1558:Franz Joseph 1537: 1520:- 2 August, 1517: 1489: 1461: 1454:South Slavic 1425: 1385: 1378: 1350: 1318:Julian March 1295: 1235:Südwestfront 1213: 1211: 1139: 1138: 1102: 1101: 1055: 1054: 1050:White Friday 1019:Monte Cengio 1003: 1002: 962: 952: 866:Central Asia 839:Asia-Pacific 813:North Africa 791:South Africa 767:South Arabia 700: 658:Theatres of 602: 578: 565:1,057 killed 561: 542: 495:one regiment 316:Armando Diaz 263: 254: 169: 168: 159: 151:Belligerents 90: 76:Eastern Alps 38:Part of the 25: 7928:Netherlands 7905:Switzerland 7786:Occupations 7777:Spanish flu 7554:(1919–1922) 7548:(1918–1921) 7542:(1918–1923) 7531:(1919–1921) 7525:(1919–1921) 7519:(1919–1920) 7495:(1918–1920) 7489:(1918–1920) 7483:(1918–1920) 7465:(1918–1920) 7447:(1918–1920) 7441:(1917–1921) 7435:(1917–1921) 7382:(1916-1918) 7380:Arab Revolt 7371:(1915–1917) 7365:(1915–1917) 7353:(1914-1917) 7347:(1914–1917) 7341:(1914–1921) 7335:(1913–1920) 7323:(1910–1920) 7317:(1900–1920) 6815:July Crisis 6736:(1880–1914) 6399:Mesopotamia 6277:Home fronts 6236:World War I 5769:23 November 5388:Keegan 2001 5376:Keegan 2001 5361:Keegan 1998 5349:Keegan 1998 4026:Carnia Zone 3995:Army Troops 3828:Fourth Army 3788:Army Troops 3473:Army Troops 3203:Second Army 3155:Army Troops 2897:Enrico Toti 2631:Bersaglieri 2482:Tonale Pass 2448:Piave River 2436:Ortler Alps 2355:ordered by 2346:German Army 2256:glacial ice 2026:Julian Alps 2019:During the 1861:Kaiserjäger 1764:Julian Alps 1666:Nicholas II 1592:- 3 March, 1494:July Crisis 1402:Balkan Wars 1361:" ruled by 1275:South Tyrol 1265:, northern 1243:World War I 1189:Monte Piana 1174:Col di Lana 1143:(1915–1918) 1077:11th Isonzo 1062:10th Isonzo 808:East Africa 752:Mesopotamia 730:Middle East 660:World War I 121:Territorial 8345:Categories 8145:Agreements 7945:War crimes 7821:Luxembourg 7714:Casualties 6592:Montenegro 6427:South West 6307:Technology 6297:Propaganda 6287:Opposition 5848:. Moscow. 5623:Ludendorff 5482:Pompé 1924 4953:References 4461:and (iii) 4183:XIII Corps 4073:VIII Corps 3834:Luigi Nava 3524:Third Army 2925:First Army 2760:Versailles 2712:Redipuglia 2581:Casualties 2389:diphosgene 2387:agent and 2193:See also: 2154:Vršič pass 1965:See also: 1946:Maxim guns 1856:Carinthian 1843:Alpenkorps 1745:Carinthian 1731:Topography 1704:- 16 May, 1464:- 1 July, 1418:Montenegro 1390:Libyan war 1124:San Matteo 1045:9th Isonzo 1040:8th Isonzo 1035:7th Isonzo 1010:5th Isonzo 998:4th Isonzo 993:3rd Isonzo 983:2nd Isonzo 978:Col Basson 973:1st Isonzo 905:Baltic Sea 856:New Guinea 825:Somaliland 603:1,386,327: 582:480 killed 543:1,832,639: 8042:Diplomacy 7749:Olympians 7672:Australia 7639:Logistics 7572:Vlora War 7501:(1918–19) 7477:(1918–19) 7471:(1918–19) 7459:(1918–19) 7406:(1916–17) 7388:(1916–17) 7339:Zaian War 7329:(1914–15) 7056:first day 6944:Lusitania 6772:(1912–13) 6766:(1911–12) 6754:(1908–09) 6748:(1905–06) 6730:(1870–71) 6519:Principal 6379:Gallipoli 6282:Memorials 6267:Geography 6257:Aftermath 6139:link text 6137:, p. 301 6122:Caporetto 6100:Footnotes 6067:14 August 5864:cite book 5733:22 August 5621:... 5577:Mussolini 5467:14 August 5010:link text 4969:link text 4822:Division. 4435:White War 4261:XIV Corps 3640:VII Corps 3409:XII Corps 2936:III Corps 2806:Dalmatian 2737:met with 2698:Aftermath 2688:Innsbruck 2666:occupied 2353:offensive 2304:Marmolada 2232:Dolomites 2224:Škabrijel 2185:troops." 1967:White War 1949:1915 the 1922:Artillery 1726:The Front 1658:Bolshevik 1578:Sosnowiec 1570:Berchtold 1524:declares 1498:Berchtold 1332:with the 1285:, but at 1227:‹See Tfd› 1164:Marmolada 1141:White War 900:Black Sea 885:North Sea 742:Gallipoli 716:Macedonia 465:regiments 415:divisions 140:Innsbruck 8330:Category 7917:Refugees 7883:Italians 7872:Germans 7832:Ober Ost 7612:Aviation 6713:Timeline 6684:Bulgaria 6465:Tsingtao 6442:Togoland 6389:Caucasus 6324:European 6316:Theatres 6079:(2008). 5995:(1998). 5973:(2001). 5959:(1932). 5922:(1949). 5743:cite web 5509:29 April 5403:(2008). 5326:226, 227 5144:12 March 5110:12 March 5084:12 March 4414:See also 4069:source: 3917:IX Corps 3698:XI Corps 3535:VI Corps 3283:IV Corps 3214:II Corps 2808:city of 2769:Dalmatia 2690:and all 2672:Sebenico 2381:Chlorine 2357:Kerensky 2298:with 5, 2296:Lagazuoi 2288:34 mines 2137:Po River 2000:Italian 1960:MG 07/12 1903:Tyrolean 1823:5th Army 1806:soldiers 1768:Tarvisio 1749:Littoral 1741:Tyrolean 1710:Giolitti 1706:Salandra 1654:Bulgaria 1610:Przemyśl 1594:Salandra 1582:Trentino 1562:Trentino 1522:Salandra 1442:Trialism 1438:Sarajevo 1406:Bulgaria 1404:, which 1271:Trentino 1267:Dalmatia 1169:Lagazuoi 1149:Adamello 1087:Pozzuolo 1072:Ortigara 968:Hill 383 890:Atlantic 846:Tsingtao 830:Ethiopia 803:Cameroon 798:Togoland 737:Caucasus 463:1918: 5 394:Strength 71:Location 8068:Germany 7968:Germany 7896:Germany 7816:Belgium 7801:Albania 7760:Disease 7740:Sports 7692:Ireland 7605:Warfare 7598:Aspects 6793:Origins 6786:Prelude 6689:Senussi 6669:Germany 6664:Leaders 6602:Romania 6543:Belgium 6538:Leaders 6437:Kamerun 6419:African 6354:Romania 6332:Balkans 6247:Outline 5938:4839237 5837:Sources 5625:wrote: 4128:X Corps 3839:I Corps 3505:⁄ 3190:⁄ 3043:V Corps 2864:rise of 2835:fascist 2826:Il Duce 2802:Kvarner 2773:Albania 2647:Lagosta 2639:Parenzo 2635:Rovigno 2510:Trieste 2452:99 Boys 2446:on the 2385:arsenic 2377:Kobarid 2350:Russian 2292:Pasubio 2226:in 1917 2213:Pasubio 2166:Gorizia 2063:Gorizia 1869:Galicia 1776:Gorizia 1762:to the 1694:Cadorna 1686:Germany 1660:leader 1650:Romania 1598:Sonnino 1542:Sonnino 1506:Romania 1398:Germany 1374:treaty: 1340:History 1302:Trieste 1218:Italian 1154:Pasubio 1067:Flondar 1029:Doberdò 988:Podgora 706:Balkans 694:Finland 689:Romania 621:Unknown 136:Trieste 132:Bolzano 123:changes 8088:Russia 8063:France 7891:Canada 7806:Serbia 7677:Canada 7634:Horses 7586:(1921) 7580:(1920) 7574:(1920) 7568:(1920) 7560:(1920) 7513:(1919) 7507:(1919) 7453:(1918) 7418:(1918) 7412:(1917) 7400:(1916) 7394:(1916) 7359:(1915) 6778:(1913) 6760:(1911) 6742:(1905) 6699:Darfur 6624:Serbia 6607:Russia 6570:Greece 6558:France 6548:Brazil 6394:Persia 6337:Serbia 6185:Portal 6164:Front. 6087: 6035: 6003: 5981: 5936: 5904: 5885: 5852: 5794: 5613: 5588: 5557: 5532: 5436: 5411: 5332: 5135: 4832:corps. 2798:Istria 2619:Trento 2557:Sacile 2444:Venice 2438:, 1917 2182:Kaiser 2002:Alpini 1907:Isonzo 1784:Isonzo 1753:Isonzo 1747:, and 1638:Russia 1636:, and 1634:France 1450:Serbia 1414:Serbia 1410:Greece 1298:Trento 1257:, the 1231:German 1179:Tofane 1015:Asiago 880:U-boat 779:Africa 757:Persia 721:Greece 711:Serbia 672:Europe 579:2,872: 562:6,700: 519: 505: 487: 444:France 441: 425: 406: 283: 270: 244: 234:France 231: 217: 128:Trento 87:Result 8285:Other 8078:Japan 8073:Italy 7900:camps 7744:Rugby 6580:Japan 6575:Italy 6553:China 6447:North 6199:Italy 5727:(PDF) 5720:(PDF) 4457:(ii) 4441:Notes 4380:Misc. 2850:Fiume 2692:Tyrol 2659:Fiume 2651:Lissa 2643:Lissa 2344:from 1956:k.u.k 1944:, or 1937:". 1835:Tyrol 1804:k.u.k 1642:Italy 1526:Italy 1502:Italy 851:Samoa 818:Libya 701:Italy 409:Italy 178:Italy 7865:POWs 7191:1918 7093:1917 7019:1916 6920:1915 6824:1914 6629:Siam 6432:East 6085:ISBN 6069:2020 6033:ISBN 6001:ISBN 5979:ISBN 5934:OCLC 5902:ISBN 5883:ISBN 5870:link 5850:ISBN 5792:ISBN 5771:2021 5749:link 5735:2017 5611:ISBN 5586:ISBN 5555:ISBN 5530:ISBN 5511:2018 5469:2020 5434:ISBN 5409:ISBN 5330:ISBN 5146:2021 5133:ISBN 5112:2021 5086:2021 4429:Temù 4039:cos) 2831:Duce 2810:Zara 2771:and 2751:and 2706:The 2676:Zara 2674:and 2668:Pola 2657:and 2655:Zara 2649:and 2637:and 2603:KIAs 2476:The 2322:The 2197:and 2059:Soča 2028:and 1915:May. 1821:the 1719:1915 1702:1915 1688:and 1674:1915 1652:and 1622:1915 1596:and 1590:1915 1552:and 1538:1914 1518:1914 1504:and 1490:1914 1478:Rome 1462:1914 1426:1914 1416:and 1386:1911 1351:1908 1316:and 1300:and 1273:and 1249:and 1212:The 1103:1918 1056:1917 1004:1916 963:1915 134:and 78:and 61:Date 5690:, 5672:, 5654:, 5272:ff. 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