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755:. Peter, as the legal guardian of his late brother's offspring, remained a welcomed guest of Izmaylovo Court. In 1700 the wooden palace was destroyed by a fire and soon replaced by another wooden structure. The new palace, inaugurated in January 1703, was set on a different site, closer to the water. Later, when Peter arranged marriages of Ivan's daughters to foreign princes, the palace became well known to Western guests. Cornelius de Bruin, attending the 1703 inauguration, described it as splendid, while the visitors of the 1720s complained about decrepit conditions and poor interiors. The Menagerie acquired its first
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The main residential wings of Thon's almshouse were attached directly to the cathedral walls, blocking its windows and concealing the cathedral from view from north, south and east. The western facade remains clear of 19th century additions. At the same time, Thon is credited with literally salvaging
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and add two-story residential wings to the cathedral. However, the plans changed and the perimeter buildings were demolished, with the exception of front and rear gates and church of Saint
Joasaph. Instead, Thon rebuilt parts of the perimeter with single-story "historical style" buildings; parts were
820:
Map of
Izmailovo, 1848. The main island (green) is encircled by a proper pond, Izmailovo Park shown as a walled hunting reserve. Note that present-day ponds in the park are missing: they were recreated in the 1930s. A circular pond of the former brick kilns, independent of the main river system, is
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appears to be the only absolute failure. Records of
Izmaylovo inventory, including names of hundreds of Russian and foreign employees, were compiled soon after the death of Alexis and preserved in archives together with original architectural plans of the 1660s, making Izmaylovo the best documented
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and survived a fire in 1935. The church of Saint
Joasaph was demolished in 1936-1937. Church of Nativity in Izmaylovo village, on the contrary, operated continuously throughout the Soviet period. The ponds in Izmaylovo, drained in the 1760s, were filled with water again in the 1930s; their present
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et al.). Izmaylovo village with wooden
Romanov court was placed on a hill surrounded by Serebryanka river bend; it became a center of a hunting reserve, and most of its residents catered to the Romanov hunt. The dams and ponds that turned a hill into an island existed back in the 16th century, but
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Map of
Izmaylovo, 1664, prior to major redevelopment. Note that the "island" (green) with the Court (red) is still connected to the mainland. The circular structure below it is the Menagerie, here still without a circular moat. Small, faint circles indicate unused land suitable for farming or
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the cathedral from an imminent collapse: shallow foundations, set on unstable soil, caused severe deformation and cracking of cathedral walls. Thon raised ground and floor levels to immobilize foundations, arranged proper water drainage and reinforced cathedral walls with iron braces.
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tower that doubled as the bell tower for the cathedral. The 14-span bridge was 100 metres long and 14 metres wide; present-day pond in this place is no more than 20 metres wide. There were no military-grade fortifications; Izmaylovo was never intended to withstand a regular siege.
718:* Stone bridge (demolished in 1760) * Church of Saint Joasaph (demolished in 1937) * 1703 palace (demolished in 1760) * Tower above the gates of the Court (extant) * Barbican tower (extant) * Cathedral of Intercession (extant) * Mill on Izmaylovo dam (demolished)
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but soon restored to its original function by the
Romanov-Yuryev family. In 1655 this line of the Romanovs went extinct and its properties inherited by the reigning Tsar Alexis. Alexis consolidated numerous Romanov lands into a continuous tract spanning from
249:, acquired Izmaylovo village in the middle of the 16th century. Members of Romanov-Zakharyin-Yuryev clan owned lands in north-eastern Russian provinces, and conveniently placed their suburban residences in the eastern and north-eastern suburbs of Moscow (
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In 1663 Alexis settled to convert his personal domain into a technologically advanced center of
Russian economy; he believed that agricultural technologies and crafts could be perfected to a point where domestic produce can substitute imports of
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Cathedral of
Intercession was restored externally in the 1960s and reopened as an Orthodox church in 1993. In September 2008, historical buildings of the Tsar's Court were operated as a division of the Moscow United Museum, which also included
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motive (extant) and unusually large window surfaces (lost during the 1840s reconstruction). Initially the cathedral exterior was finished in unpainted red brick; in 1729 it was painted white and is currently back to original red brick.
704:. The main palace, placed on the southern edge of the court, was traditionally built of wood; service building on the northern side were built in brick and stone. The palace also incorporated house church of Saint Joasaph (1680).
65:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
954:. The Court itself (but not the interiors of the Court buildings) is freely accessible to the public. There is a small exhibition of 17th-century art in the ground floor of the barbican tower; the tower periodically houses
773:, who became an Empress in 1730, refitted the palace, restored the Menagerie and reverted the territory to its original function as a hunting reserve. Izmaylovo Court was once again repopulated by horse grooms, dog and
361:; Alexis claimed the island as his exclusive residence and relocated Izmaylovo village to a new site 2 kilometers north, marked by present-day Izmaylovo Cemetery and church of Nativity of Christ, erected in 1676-1677 (
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The almshouse was designed to provide shelter to 432 veterans (some of them with spouses); fresh food was supplied by a new farm established on the site of former grape plantation. The village of
Izmaylovo became a
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Between 1664 and 1670 Serebryanka River and its lesser tributaries were crossed by dams, creating a system of more than 20 large and small ponds (the larger ponds are extant to date). This provided enough water for
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river valley and corresponds, roughly, to present-day Izmaylovo Forest, Terletsky Forest (south-east) and the Cherkizovo market (north-west) territories between the inner ring of the Moscow Railroad and the
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Alexis also planned to rebuild old wooden Court into a grand palace; construction began in 1676, but Alexis died in the same year. The new Court and the cathedral were completed in the 1680s by regent
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In the 1970s the fence of the Court perimeter was replaced with low, single-story perimeter buildings that complete the structure designed by Thon and blend with the 17th century gates.
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In 1671 Alexis launched construction of the Cathedral of Intercession on the eastern side of the island; it was connected to the mainland with a stone bridge and protected by a massive
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801:) of Izmaylovo Park. The old court on the island was abandoned; the circular pond around it was drained, and the bridge and wooden palace were demolished in the 1760s.
209:), was a wooden palace built on an artificial island - a hill surrounded by man-made ponds. The present-day Court retains two sets of palace gates, a cathedral and a
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Overall layout of Izmaylovo estate, dictated by the rivers, was irregular, but each individual farm or workshop was designed in a highly symmetrical fashion. The
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in Nikita Romanov's warehouse at the Flax Farm, the farm itself was abandoned. Peter used the remote ponds and islands of Izmaylovo to train his private
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and Pekhorka River in the east. Alexis repopulated the lands with peasants (548 households) and tradesmen (216 households) relocated from the provinces.
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Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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clan, invested into palace security and rebuilt the church of Saint Joasaph but neglected the farms of Izmaylovo. In May 1688, when young
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town; the largest mill, owned by Englishman Robert Hill, employed over 1,500 workers. By 1917 Izmaylovo housed over 5,000 residents.
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150:'s city limits, it became part of the expanding city in the 20th century. Its territory spanned 10 to 15 square kilometres of the
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relocated the principal residence from the island to the south, near the Menagerie. She connected the new country palace with
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In the 1860s the Society of Animal and Plant Acclimatization attempted to resume 17th century experiments and set up a model
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and was formally closed in 1826. The Cathedral operated in the 1760s-1800s only on special occasions and was closed in 1828.
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in the eastern end of the estate; five kilns were placed around the moat in a star pattern. The estate also featured a pure
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Joseph T. Fuhrmann. Tsar Alexis, His Reign and His Russia: His Reign and His Russia. Academic International Press, 1981.
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing Russian Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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to manage the rehabilitation project. Thon initially planned to retain and repair the buildings of the old Court
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building in Moscow. Existing trees of the regular Izmaylovo Park were planted in the same period (1865–1890).
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The new palace by the Menagerie was eventually abandoned as well; the Menagerie was destroyed during the
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Kisling, p.133, mentions that the first elephants from Persia arrived in Moscow in 1625, but these were
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farm. Exhibition hall of the Society, built in the 1880s by an unnamed English engineer, was the first
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973:(Памятники архитектуры Москвы. Окрестности старой Москвы. М., Искусство XXI век, 2007) Moscow, 2007.
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in 1673. Iconostasis, icons and internal finishes were made by Moscow natives and monks of
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configuration is quite similar to the 17th century, except for a lesser number of dams.
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Farm that raised wild beasts for hunting was protected with a perfectly circular moat (
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identified former Izmaylovo Court as the site of future almshouse for the veterans of
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then the hill remained connected to the mainland with a narrow tract of solid ground.
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tower built in the 1670s-1680s. Other extant structures of the Court were built by
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Vernon H. Kisling. Zoo and Aquarium History. CRC; 1 edition (September 18, 2000).
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the almshouses were closed and converted to ordinary housing under the name of
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The Cathedral of Intercession was built in 1671-1679 as a memorial to the
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357:. The hill of historical Izmaylovo was cut from the mainland with a wide
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Peter Hayden. Russian Parks and Gardens. Frances Lincoln Ltd. (2005P).
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
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The estate briefly flourished under Tsar Alexis and his daughter
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Barbican tower and Cathedral of Intercession, built in the 1670s.
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construction. In fact, there were far fewer trees than now.
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316:. Most of this plan did, in fact, materialize. Izmaylovo
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Pamyatniki arhitektury Moskvy. Okrestnosti staroi Moskvy
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of Moscow; Kuznechik employed teams of craftsmen from
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in 1839–1859, when the island was converted into an
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743:After the fall of Sophia Izmaylovo Court passed to
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681:. Ceramic tiling was produced by craftsmen from
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722:Sophia, engaged in political rivalry with the
83:accompanying your translation by providing an
49:Click for important translation instructions.
36:expand this article with text translated from
1103:Coordinates and description of farms are per
716:Izmaylovo island in the 1720s. Left to right:
16:Imperial Russian country residence in Moscow
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168:Izmailovo Court of Tsar Alexis
93:You may also add the template
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176:Государев двор в Измайлово
57:Machine translation, like
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882:Nikolay Bauman settlement
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890:State Historical Museum
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638:) housed beasts from
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106:Knowledge:Translation
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899:
886:World War II
881:
875:
856:
848:
844:
824:
803:
790:
769:
742:
733:English boat
732:
721:
699:
690:
660:
652:
617:
394:
347:
290:
260:
241:
167:
161:
127:
126:
81:edit summary
72:
43:
35:
1111:, pp.48-49.
944:Kolomenskoe
806:war of 1812
644:polar bears
599: /
568: /
529: /
491: /
456: /
421: /
383: /
355:water mills
338:greenhouses
268:Yauza River
200: /
152:Serebryanka
1199:Categories
1109:Pamyatniki
1058:Pamyatniki
962:References
958:concerts.
876:After the
791:Main Alley
785:estate in
584:55°47′34″N
553:55°46′19″N
517:37°46′11″E
476:55°46′19″N
444:37°47′10″E
441:55°46′28″N
406:55°47′58″N
351:irrigation
278:Prosperity
238:Background
188:37°45′44″E
185:55°47′30″N
40:in Russian
948:Lefortovo
863:silk worm
859:honey bee
839:perimeter
749:his widow
738:mock army
724:Naryshkin
691:Eye of a
628:Menagerie
624:labyrinth
587:37°50′8″E
556:37°46′3″E
514:55°47′4″N
479:37°49′2″E
409:37°45′1″E
371:37°46′9″E
368:55°48′4″N
342:silk worm
326:Astrakhan
318:vineyards
223:almshouse
159:beltway.
99:talk page
825:In 1837
679:Kostroma
655:barbican
636:Зверинец
507:garden (
432:fig tree
397:vineyard
334:coconuts
251:Rubtsovo
211:barbican
75:provide
894:archive
852:textile
795:Russian
708:Decline
693:peacock
683:Belarus
632:Russian
619:Babylon
272:Kuskovo
233:History
172:Russian
132:Russian
97:to the
79:in the
42:.
1060:, p.57
1032:
1019:
1011:
998:
990:
977:
787:Perovo
775:falcon
765:Persia
640:sables
616:, the
538:) and
465:) and
322:melons
306:spices
302:cotton
148:Moscow
1040:Notes
867:proso
614:folly
610:kilns
467:proso
314:linen
310:wheat
59:DeepL
1030:ISBN
1017:ISBN
1009:ISBN
996:ISBN
988:ISBN
975:ISBN
950:and
861:and
761:Shah
753:Anna
544:Wolf
540:flax
502:acre
359:moat
332:and
330:figs
312:and
304:and
298:silk
294:wine
217:and
157:MKAD
73:must
71:You
1162:not
763:of
648:zoo
642:to
430:),
392:).
336:in
61:or
1201::
1142:^
1128:^
1116:^
1065:^
1048:^
1015:,
994:,
946:,
797::
650:.
634::
328:,
300:,
296:,
253:,
229:.
178:,
174::
134::
793:(
630:(
469:(
434:(
399:(
170:(
130:(
108:.
101:.
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