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tribal groups, although others have argued that such markers would be of little use to a nomadic herding society. Instead, it has been suggested that they were markers along herding pathways. Many archaeologists have suggested that the construction of such monuments reflects an attempt to stamp control and ownership over the land, thus representing a change in mindset brought about by
Neolithicisation. Others have suggested that these monuments were built on sites already deemed sacred by Mesolithic hunter-gatherers.
29:
442:
256:
313:". Individuals were rarely buried alone in the Early Neolithic, instead being interred in collective burials with other members of their community. The construction of these collective burial monumental tombs, both wooden and megalithic, began in continental Europe before being adopted in Britain in the first half of the fourth millennium BCE. Many archaeologists have suggested that this is evidence for an Early Neolithic
279:
period. This came about through contact with continental societies, although it is unclear to what extent this can be attributed to an influx of migrants or to indigenous
Mesolithic Britons adopting agricultural technologies from the continent. The region of modern Kent would have been a key area for
432:
Jacket's Field Long Barrow is "slightly trapezoidal" in shape. It aligns on an east/southeast to west/southwest axis. It measures approximately 70 metres (230 ft) in length, with a width of 12 metres (39 ft) at its eastern end and 10 metres (33 ft) at the west. At its western end, it
328:
noted that the tombs would have served as one of a variety of markers in the landscape that conveyed information on "territory, political allegiance, ownership, and ancestors". Many archaeologists have subscribed to the idea that these tomb-shrines served as territorial markers between different
407:
The presence of the long barrows suggests some sort of settlement nearby in the Early
Neolithic period, and two polished flint axes from the period have been found at Soakham Farm, not far from Jacket's Field Long Barrow. The North Downs trackway may have been in use at the time, and would have
210:
community shortly after the introduction of agriculture to
Britain from continental Europe. Although representing part of an architectural tradition of long-barrow building that was widespread across Neolithic Europe, Jacket's Field Long Barrow belongs to a localised regional variant of barrows
449:
While
Julliberrie's Grave had been known to antiquarians since at least the 16th century, Jacket's Field Long Barrow—as well as Shrub's Wood Long Barrow—was only discovered by later archaeological investigation. The archaeologist Ronald Jessup, who excavated Julliberrie's Grave in the 1930s,
308:
Across
Western Europe, the Early Neolithic marked the first period in which humans built monumental structures in the landscape. These were tombs that held the physical remains of the dead, and though sometimes constructed out of timber, many were built using large stones, now known as
400:; Jacket's Field is on the western side of the River Stour and the other two on the eastern side. Unlike the Medway Megaliths, the Stour long barrows do not appear to have used stone as a building material. Their builders' decision not to do so was likely deliberate, for
412:, although none of the latter have yet been discovered near to the Stour long barrows. Elsewhere in the southeast, there are other long barrows of the period; over 75 kilometres (47 mi) away from the Stour long barrows are another regional cluster in
291:(c.1000 to 700 BCE). Throughout most of Britain, there is little evidence of cereal or permanent dwellings from this period, leading archaeologists to believe that the Early Neolithic economy on the island was largely
299:
was shared throughout most of the
British Isles in this period, there was great regional variation regarding the nature and distribution of settlement, architectural styles, and the use of natural resources.
324:
In
Britain, these long barrows were typically located on prominent hills and slopes overlooking the surrounding landscape, perhaps at the junction between different territories. The archaeologist
1336:
380:. About 38 kilometres (24 mi) east of the Medway Megaliths are the Stour long barrows. This distinct regional grouping consists of three known mounds: Jacket's Field Long Barrow,
223:
are found on the eastern side. The site was discovered in 1970, at which point it was concealed in dense woodland, although has yet to undergo thorough archaeological investigation.
1051:
433:
reaches 1 metre (3 ft 3 in) in height, and at the eastern end almost 2 metres (6 ft 7 in). There is evidence of side ditches that once flanked the mound.
263:
The Early
Neolithic was a revolutionary period of British prehistory. Between 4500 and 3800 BCE, there was a widespread change in lifestyle as the communities living on the
1152:
1079:
997:
962:
259:
The construction of long barrows and related funerary monuments took place in various parts of Europe during the Early
Neolithic (distribution pictured)
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236:
73:
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revolving around veneration of the spirits of the dead. Given that other rites may have taken place around these long barrows, the historian
1305:
247:
trackway is located around 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) to the south-west of the barrow. It can be inspected from an adjacent public path.
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1606:
44:
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Britain was largely forested in this period; widespread forest clearance did not occur in the area around modern Kent until the
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1581:
1199:
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1611:
1218:
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provided routes for local people to travel west. Elsewhere in southern Britain, long barrows were often erected close to
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suggested the likelihood that other long barrows would also be found in the area. In 1970, J. Bradshaw reported in the
295:, relying on herding cattle, with people living a nomadic or semi-nomadic life. It is apparent that although a common
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Archaeologists are aware of around twelve Neolithic long barrows located in Kent. The best known are the
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the arrival of continental European settlers and visitors, because of its position on the estuary of the
220:
1508:
467:
365:
1405:
1315:
1544:
1425:
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462:, that Jacket's Field Long Barrow had been discovered within dense woodland and reported to the
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1531:
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Jacket's Field Long Barrow is found within woodland in Jacket's Field, north of the village of
216:
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archaeological team, who investigated and confirmed its existence. It was subsequently made a
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1483:
1365:
1300:
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As of 2007, neither Jacket's Field nor Shrub's Wood had undergone archaeological excavation.
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1054:(Report). Oxford: Oxford Wessex Archaeology Joint Venture (London and Continental Railways).
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are naturally present in the local area and could have been obtained had they wanted them.
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8:
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Barclay, Alistair; Fitzpatrick, Andrew P.; Hayden, Chris; Stafford, Elizabeth (2006).
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388:. These are located within 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) of each other, high up on the
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Parfitt, Keith (1998). "Neolithic Earthen Long-Barrows in East Kent: A Review".
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174:
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Jessup, R. F. (1939). "Further Excavations at Julliberrie's Grave, Chilham".
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period. Built out of earth, the long barrow consists of a sub-trapezoidal
1410:
1190:
The Pagan Religions of the Ancient British Isles: Their Nature and Legacy
1132:
Champion, Timothy (2007). "Prehistoric Kent". In John H. Williams (ed.).
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1136:. Woodbridge: Boydell Press and Kent County Council. pp. 67–133.
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417:
336:
Juliberrie's Grave, one of the other two known Stour long barrows
197:
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580:
1052:
The Prehistoric Landscape at White Horse Stone, Aylesford, Kent
670:
614:
421:
413:
401:
215:. Of these, it lies on the western side of the river, while
33:
Jacket's Field Long Barrow is located in a woodland clearing
1351:
416:, while a solitary long barrow is known at Badshot Farm in
182:
321:
termed them "tomb-shrines" to reflect their dual purpose.
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1166:. Kent Archaeological Society: 221–234. Archived from
1093:. Kent Archaeological Society: 175–194. Archived from
1011:. Kent Archaeological Society: 319–345. Archived from
976:. Kent Archaeological Society: 269–284. Archived from
938:
518:
51:
874:
834:
822:
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770:
710:
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348:, each of which contains a stone burial chamber: the
271:
as their primary form of subsistence, abandoning the
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630:
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562:
1187:
206:have established that the monument was built by a
1573:
1080:"Investigations and Excavations During the Year"
1213:. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.
275:lifestyle that had characterised the preceding
1337:
963:"The Medway Megaliths in a European Context"
1344:
1330:
27:
1153:"The Medway Megaliths and Neolithic Kent"
1063:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1131:
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331:
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1352:Early Neolithic long barrows in Britain
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608:
556:
512:
372:, and two other possible examples, the
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1030:
998:"The Medway's Megalithic Long Barrows"
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16:Neolithic long barrow in Kent, England
1325:
1117:. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
1061:The Prehistory of Britain and Ireland
303:
185:. It was probably constructed in the
1112:
676:
284:and its proximity to the continent.
1194:. Oxford and Cambridge: Blackwell.
13:
14:
1628:
1290:
1134:The Archaeology of Kent to AD 800
1597:Buildings and structures in Kent
211:produced in the vicinity of the
50:
43:
1607:Megalithic monuments in England
1318:at the Historic England website
953:
173:located near to the village of
427:
1:
1592:Barrows in the United Kingdom
1259:Neolithic Britain and Ireland
476:
344:found in the vicinity of the
1582:Archaeological sites in Kent
1561:Preston Candover Long Barrow
1457:Thickthorn Down Long Barrows
1401:Stoney Littleton Long Barrow
481:
436:
7:
1612:Scheduled monuments in Kent
1447:The Grey Mare and her Colts
460:Kent Archaeological Society
235:. It is located within the
226:
10:
1633:
1527:Jacket's Field Long Barrow
1316:Jacket's Field Long Barrow
1306:Jacket's Field Long Barrow
1297:Jacket's Field Long Barrow
1278:Kent Archaeological Review
468:Scheduled Ancient Monument
250:
167:Jacket's Field Long Barrow
22:Jacket's Field Long Barrow
1470:
1357:
1257:Malone, Caroline (2001).
1242:10.1017/s0003581500007812
1059:Bradley, Richard (2007).
1033:Kent in Prehistoric Times
200:flanked by side ditches.
160:
156:
148:
140:
131:
127:
119:
114:
104:
67:
38:
26:
1537:Shrub's Wood Long Barrow
386:Shrub's Wood Long Barrow
221:Shrub's Wood Long Barrow
1602:Stone Age sites in Kent
1545:Badshot Lea Long Barrow
1509:Little Kit's Coty House
1426:West Kennet Long Barrow
1230:The Antiquaries Journal
1209:Hutton, Ronald (2013).
1186:Hutton, Ronald (1991).
1151:Holgate, Robin (1981).
366:Little Kit's Coty House
171:unchambered long barrow
1553:Long Burgh Long Barrow
1396:Nympsfield Long Barrow
446:
337:
260:
89:51.209500°N 0.909193°E
1489:Chestnuts Long Barrow
1484:Addington Long Barrow
1366:Cotswold-Severn Group
1301:The Megalithic Portal
1160:Archaeologia Cantiana
1113:Burl, Aubrey (1981).
1087:Archaeologia Cantiana
1078:Bradshaw, J. (1970).
1031:Ashbee, Paul (2005).
1005:Archaeologia Cantiana
996:Ashbee, Paul (2000).
970:Archaeologia Cantiana
961:Ashbee, Paul (1999).
452:Archaeologia Cantiana
445:Jacket's Field barrow
444:
410:causewayed enclosures
358:Chestnuts Long Barrow
354:Addington Long Barrow
335:
258:
1391:Notgrove Long Barrow
663:, pp. 103–104;
59:Location within Kent
1532:Julliberrie's Grave
1499:Coldrum Long Barrow
1386:Lugbury Long Barrow
1381:Parc Cwm long cairn
1310:Kent County Council
707:, pp. 106–107.
581:Barclay et al. 2006
559:, pp. 230–231.
382:Julliberrie's Grave
217:Julliberrie's Grave
192:, during Britain's
94:51.209500; 0.909193
85: /
23:
1617:Barrows in England
1587:Borough of Ashford
1558:Hampshire Barrows:
1431:Whispering Knights
1261:. Stroud: Tempus.
1035:. Stroud: Tempus.
895:, pp. 15, 18.
871:, pp. 18, 20.
595:, pp. 73–74;
447:
368:, (the destroyed)
338:
304:Stour Long Barrows
261:
181:English county of
149:Reference no.
134:Scheduled monument
21:
1569:
1568:
1519:White Horse Stone
1514:Smythe's Megalith
1436:Dartmoor Barrows:
1201:978-0-631-17288-8
1115:Rites of the Gods
1070:978-0-521-61270-8
767:, pp. 39–40.
731:, pp. 42–43.
611:, pp. 29–30.
547:, pp. 34–35.
527:, pp. 16–17.
378:White Horse Stone
370:Smythe's Megalith
187:fourth millennium
164:
163:
1624:
1504:Kit's Coty House
1479:Medway Megaliths
1421:Wayland's Smithy
1416:Uley Long Barrow
1346:
1339:
1332:
1323:
1322:
1285:
1272:
1253:
1224:
1220:978-0-300-197716
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362:Kit's Coty House
342:Medway Megaliths
297:material culture
241:Clay-with-Flints
239:on a subsoil of
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1550:Sussex Barrows:
1542:Surrey Barrows:
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1444:Dorset Barrows:
1439:Spinsters' Rock
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1100:on 15 July 2020
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983:on 20 July 2020
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855:, p. 261;
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464:Ordnance Survey
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326:Caroline Malone
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289:Late Bronze Age
273:hunter-gatherer
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194:Early Neolithic
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123:Early Neolithic
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1291:External links
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1236:(3): 260–281.
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1173:on 5 June 2020
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1018:on 7 June 2019
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907:, p. 35;
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859:, p. 325.
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350:Coldrum Stones
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947:, p. 79.
946:
945:Champion 2007
941:
934:
933:Bradshaw 1970
929:
923:, p. 99.
922:
917:
911:, p. 79.
910:
909:Champion 2007
906:
901:
894:
889:
883:, p. 20.
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818:
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799:, p. 18.
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783:
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633:
627:, p. 37.
626:
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599:, p. 33.
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593:Champion 2007
589:
583:, p. 20.
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571:, p. 37.
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1494:Coffin Stone
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1210:
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1175:. Retrieved
1168:the original
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1095:the original
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1013:the original
1008:
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978:the original
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893:Parfitt 1998
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346:River Medway
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18:
1411:Tinkinswood
1177:20 February
1104:11 February
1022:11 February
987:20 February
921:Ashbee 2005
905:Ashbee 2005
857:Ashbee 2000
853:Jessup 1939
841:Jessup 1939
829:Ashbee 2005
765:Hutton 2013
753:Hutton 2013
741:Hutton 2013
729:Hutton 2013
717:Malone 2001
705:Malone 2001
693:Hutton 2013
681:Malone 2001
665:Hutton 2013
661:Malone 2001
649:Malone 2001
637:Hutton 1991
625:Hutton 2013
621:Hutton 1991
597:Hutton 2013
569:Hutton 2013
545:Hutton 2013
541:Ashbee 1999
537:Hutton 1991
525:Hutton 1991
428:Description
390:North Downs
269:agriculture
245:North Downs
213:River Stour
208:pastoralist
109:Long barrow
92: /
68:Coordinates
1576:Categories
1462:Wor Barrow
1452:Hell Stone
1406:St Lythans
1376:Belas Knap
477:References
394:Canterbury
277:Mesolithic
141:Designated
77:51°12′34″N
1471:Southeast
1358:Southwest
1250:163891790
677:Burl 1981
482:Footnotes
437:Discovery
311:megaliths
80:0°54′33″E
1284:: 15–21.
392:between
376:and the
293:pastoral
267:adopted
227:Location
1312:website
1308:at the
458:of the
456:journal
418:Farnham
402:sarsens
398:Ashford
251:Context
198:tumulus
177:in the
152:1013071
120:Founded
115:History
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454:, the
422:Surrey
414:Sussex
384:, and
243:. The
169:is an
1246:S2CID
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966:(PDF)
1263:ISBN
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1196:ISBN
1179:2019
1138:ISBN
1119:ISBN
1106:2019
1065:ISBN
1037:ISBN
1024:2019
989:2019
396:and
219:and
183:Kent
144:1973
105:Type
1299:at
1282:131
1238:doi
1009:120
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190:BCE
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