2924:
1266:
3101:
1927:
1824:(JG 53—53rd Fighter Wing) and LG 2 were among those credited with successes against the Circus operations. From mid-1941 through to 1942, JG 26 were fully occupied with defending German military targets in northern France and Belgium from RAF incursions. JG 26 defended airspace east of the Seine to the Dutch border, while JG 2 covered west of the demarcation line. The majority of the operations conducted were defensive but offensive "jabo" operations were conducted until the beginning of 1943 when they could no longer be spared for attack missions. On 3 July 1941, JG 2 lost another commander killed when Wilhelm Balthasar was shot down and crashed. The
2722:
1878:, noted that from 10 January and 15 April 750 sorties had been "thrown" at the German ships in fruitless attempts to sink them. JG 2 claimed 21 bombers in the action, along with the three fighters. 33 Spitfires were claimed in October 1941, alone. On 8 November 1941, Fighter Command flew a last "Circus" operation of the year; though other types of mission were flown during the month and December. The RAF lost 17 Spitfires—JG 2 claimed 10. Post-war analysis attributes at least eight to the neighbouring JG 26, one to ground-fire, one to fuel starvation and another to mechanical failure.
2279:, with high altitude Bf 109 G-1s acted independently at Ligescourt, nominally under the command of JG 26. The RAF did not succeed in forcing the Luftwaffe into a pitched-battle over the beachhead and Fighter Command in particular, suffered heavy casualties. The British claimed to have inflicted heavy casualties on the Luftwaffe, the balance sheet showed the reverse; Allied aircraft losses amounted to 106, including 88 RAF fighters (70 Spitfires were lost to all causes) and 18 bombers, against 48 Luftwaffe aircraft lost. Included in that total were 28 bombers, half of them
63:
1540:. German intelligence wrongly assumed Fighter Command to be near exhaustion and that an offensive against the capital would bring the last of its reserves into battle. Bombing London opened the possibility of destroying vital rail networks, shipping, supplies, and damage civilian morale by demonstrating London's vulnerability to air power. The raids from 7–14 September seemed to confirm this view; none encountered the kind of resistance that characterised the fighting in August. Hitler gave his consent to a continued assault. The next day's operations became known as the
180:
8629:
2233:
3304:
Pilot losses were three missing, one dead and one wounded. III./JG 2 lost 19 Fw 190s and three were damaged, a loss rate of 79%. Nine pilots were killed, two were wounded and four were captured. JG 2 total losses, according to another source, amounted to 40% of the force. Pilot losses were 24 killed or posted missing, 10 captured and four wounded. Another source asserts that pilot losses stood at 23 killed or missing. On 10 January 1945, JG 2 could report only 25 fighters combat ready; I.
1572:
568:
1560:. All of the wing's units had withdrawn from the Pas de Calais back to Beaumont-le-Roger and Le Havre and were not involved in the day's fighting. JG 2s absence from the southeast of England in the latter half of September, and reassignment from Luftlfotte 2 back to 3, caused their involvement in the final phase of the Battle of Britain to be minimal—just four enemy aircraft were claimed for an equal number of losses. JG 2 finished September operating over
2526:
2355:
Spitfire IX. Most of the fighters arriving at JG 2 and JG 26 bases in late 1942 were Bf 109s. The Fw 190 was in short supply, and given the multi-role function of the Fw 190 the
Channel Front wings were to scheduled to revert to Bf 109s to permit the Fw 190 to move to priority theatres – a move encouraged by the Fw 190s lack of performance above 7,500 m (24,600 ft) where US bombers operated.
2006:. 252 fighters from JG 1, JG 2 and JG 26 were ordered into the operation. The night fighter unit I./NJG 1 flew 19 sorties, protecting the ships during the night, until replaced by JG 2 at 08:00. The British aerial response began as JG 26 relieved JG 2. Successive waves of JG 2's fighters—each 16-aircraft strong—maintained a series of 30-minute vigils over the ships. Fighter Command and
2821:. The fighter eventually had the range and performance to escort US bombers to the target and back which supplemented the drop-tank fitted P-47s and P-38s. American tactics soon changed from protecting the US bombers to patrolling fixed boxes of airspace. American fighter pilots were free to hunt German fighters; bombers that missed their rendezvous were left to fend for themselves. This marked a more aggressive use of
8996:
1907:
in the second half of the year with 42 losses which fell to 18 in
September and 15 in October. JG 2 and JG 26 claimed approximately 950 British aircraft destroyed in 1941, with barely 150 fighters available at any one time for the loss of 236–103 in aerial combat. Fighter Command lost 849 fighters in total in 1941 and claimed 775, a considerable exaggeration. Successful pilots emerged in 1941; Erich Leie,
9024:
2209:. The Spitfire IX reached the frontline in June, to restore parity at altitudes below 7,600 m (24,900 ft) and to prove a higher performing fighter at greater altitudes. The Germans anticipated the limits of the Fw 190 As performance at higher altitudes, and began deploying Bf 109 Gs to provide high cover. JG 2 lost a number of experienced pilots in the battles; on 4 May
1793:
3328:
33:
2817:", part of Operation Argument began. The American-led operation was a series of attacks against German fighter production. The American operations were successful, if overstated in the damage done to German production, but air superiority in daylight had passed irrevocably to the Allies. This month had seen the introduction into the air war of the
3233:. The conditions forced the bombers to continue without fighter escort, and to make two bomb runs. Ground-fire was heavy, but suddenly stopped when a red flare was fired. They had lingered too long over the target, and were attacked by 60 Bf 109s from JG 2, JG 3 and JG 11. In 23 minutes, 16 of the 30
3145:
after re-equipping with Bf 109s and through to the end of
November 1944, JG 2 was able to increase the number of combat ready fighters from 78 to 91. Ground crews had more time to work on aircraft as the fuel shortage curtailed flying, and a second reason for this lack of action was General
2910:
replaced Mayer. The following day the Eighth Air Force attacked Berlin. JG 2 formed part of the interception, but though it and JG 26 were well within range of the bomber stream they were not ordered to attack. They may have been used to block an unexpected
American change of course. On the
1906:
1 and JG 26. There were 4,385 "alarmstarts" in July 1941 and another 4,258 in August. September saw a reduction to 2,534 and to 2,553 in
October before falling to 1,287. Nevertheless, the fighter wings still retained 430 fighters on 27 September 1941. August proved the costliest to the Luftwaffe
3335:
On 14 January 1945, it flew one final time against the Eighth Air Force and lost four of the 139 fighters destroyed in the
Luftwaffe's last major challenge to the American air fleet. The 'contribution' of JG 2 to the losses that day were a reflection of the condition of the unit, which had been
3303:
JG 2's mission was a disaster. I./JG 2 lost 18 Fw 190s and six more were damaged by ground fire and enemy aircraft. This represented 73% of their force. Of the 15 pilots missing, six would survive as POWs. II./JG 2 lost five Bf 109s and three were damaged a loss rate of 40%.
3128:
to Nidda after reinforcements. JG 2 was not afforded any rest and on 9 September the unit lost eight Fw 190s in action with P-47s and another eight three days later in combat with P-51s. At this point the
Western Front and Defence of the Reich merged into one, and though formally JG 2
2675:
JG 2 operated a "two-level" war in 1943. The first consisted of protecting German military targets in France and the Low
Countries from Allied air power, the second the "Defence of the Reich", the air defence of the Greater German Reich. During the year, at least 69 of Fighter Command's losses,
2379:
replacing the MG 17, and supplementing the MG 151/20 cannon in the nose. The MW 50 (water-methanol) additive increased lower altitude performance but the increase in weight reduced manoeuvrability. German pilots were critical of the Bf 109s fragility, but praised the Fw 190s
2354:
D-2 engines providing more power. The Fw 190 A-4 and Bf 109 G-4 soon followed, with improved radios and homing devices. At their preferred altitudes – below 20,000 feet (6,100 metres) for the Fw 190 and the reverse for the Bf 109 -each of these types was a match for the
2328:
were set for fighter, not anti-bomber combat, and set for a range of 100 m (330 ft). The large bombers loomed in quickly long before the German fighters had reached effective range encouraging premature firing. The psychological impact of the massed-firepower of
American bombers encouraged
1843:
had, by this time, been almost completely re-equipped with the new and improved Bf 109 F. Over a two-day period, JG 2 claimed heavily against RAF formations. On 23 July the wing claimed 29 British aircraft, while JG 26 claimed 10. Actual RAF losses were 15 in total. The following
1472:
Harry von BĂĽlow-Bothkamp, commanding JG 2, was awarded the Knight's Cross for JG 2s performance. Fighter
Command's total losses on 25 August were 18 destroyed and two damaged in action with the enemy. From 19–31 August JG 2 reported the loss of nine Bf 109s and two damaged. Three
3285:
reported only 33 Fw 190s ready. II./JG 2 could field 20 of 29 Bf 109s. Stab/JG 2 had three Fw 190s ready for the mission. It is not clear whether BĂĽhligen took part in the mission. III./JG 2 reported 40 Fw 190s operational, 34 of them Fw 190 Ds. However,
2663:
and assumed responsibility for the Atlantic coast. Mayer was purportedly more analytical than his predecessor. After examining combat reports against US bombers, he was sure the best way to bring one down was in a head-on attack, where the defensive guns were weakest. On 23 November this tactic was
2323:
began carrying out bombing operations over France and the Low Countries. The B-17 Flying Fortress quickly earned a reputation, almost immediately, of absorbing heavy damage and remaining airborne. In 1942, a typical interception of this type by Fw 190 pilots was difficult. The American bombers
2509:
and again achieved a single success against No. 72 Squadron RAF the following morning and four more against P-38s on the 3rd. I. and II./JG 53, with 11./JG 2 plus II./JG 2 intercepted a large formation of bombers over Tunis on the 4th. In five minutes 12 were claimed; Meimberg being
2894:
Egon Mayer was among the 11 pilots killed and missing from both wings. Mayer, one of the few to achieve 100 victory claims against the Western Allies, had also downed 25 heavy bombers, more than any other pilot at the time of his death. The originator of the head-on attack probably fell to a P-47
2761:, losing 45 bombers—Mayer claimed three of them in 19 minutes over France. On 23 September, the wing suffered 12 casualties on a single day in action with the Eighth. During the month, JG 2 and JG 26, still operating as the Channel Front wings, were the only fighter units expanded to 12
2549:
by 9 January 1943. Eight Fw 190s carried out a successful intercept a reconnaissance mission by 241 and 243 Squadron at low-level on 3 February; the German fighters were alerted when they passed by Kairouan. British formations observed them take-off and attack the flight. Four Spitfires were
2341:
For the Luftwaffe, the winter, 1942/43, was spent increasing the engine and firepower of their fighters. Weights rose, and engine power had to follow to keep pace. In order to increase compression ratios in their engines, and unable to do so through the use of high-strength alloys and high-octane
2077:
partially converted to the Bf 109 G for some months in early to mid-1943 and operated both the 109 and 190 in southern France upon its return from North Africa. The Fw 190 proved immediately superior in all but turning radius to the Spitfire V, the standard RAF fighter at the time.
1780:
was shortly employed as bait to bring the Luftwaffe to battle. There were few high-value strategic targets in France and Belgium within range of escorting Spitfires. A follow-up Circus with small bomber formations and strong fighter escort began on 10 January as the policy's second element began.
2800:
The August–October 1943 actions were the last successes of the German fighter arm in World War II. The Eighth Air Force temporarily suspended deep-penetration operations until long-range US fighters were available. The Americans contended themselves by striking at German coastal targets. In late
1870:
had docked in March and June 1941 after completing Atlantic missions. Fighter Command reported four dead, three captured and one wounded on the raid—one was downed by ground-fire, two are confirmed to have been lost in action with Bf 109s, the cause of the remaining losses are undetermined.
3159:
intercepts picked up messages to JG 2 concerning the equipping of fighters with bombs which aroused some suspicion. JG 2 continued to fight and incur losses. It was involved in the disastrous 21 November operation in which the Luftwaffe lost at least 61 fighters in exchange for 15 US
2337:
on German fighters, and in a slow-closing chase the German pilot often had to sit through several minutes of American gunfire before they got within effective firing range of their own armament. American gunners saturated the air with tracers to disrupt or ward off attacks. In response, Galland
1881:
1941 was a difficult year for Fighter Command. In the period 14 June–4 July Fighter Command lost 80 fighters and 62 pilots, while the two German wings lost 48 Bf 109s and 32 pilots; 2:1 in the Luftwaffe's favour. The impact of Fighter Command's massive daylight operations was offset by the
2710:, for example, experienced an Eighth raid on their base at Vitry-en-Artois by 80 B-17s which cost them three pilots against the US fighter escort while another five personnel were killed and eight wounded in the raid. Twenty-four hours later, JG 2 suffered its worst loss of the year, when
2374:
to the Bf 109 G in the spring, 1943; and did so until the end of the war. The Bf 109 and Fw 190 were used to complement each other in the coming battles. The Fw 190s armament, considered effective against all enemies, was used against bombers more frequently, while the
3237:
were shot down. US gunners claimed seven fighters. The US bombers struck at German airfields the following day and JG 2 lost four pilots to P-51s defending them. On 27 December II./JG 2 and III./JG 3 provided escort for I./JG 1, who were ordered to conduct a low-level
1468:, in August 1940 was 20 enemy aircraft destroyed. Helmut Wick duly became one of eight JG 2 men to receive the award in 1940, on 27 August. On 25 August, JG 2 claimed its 250th aerial victory, among 40 claimed by German fighter pilots that day—though this was an exaggeration.
2324:
flew at altitudes in excess of 8,000 m (26,000 ft), and lacking a super-charger, the Fw 190s struggled to reach altitudes even with considerable warning from American radio/signals traffic. At that altitude, Fw 190A-2s had only slight speed advantages over the B-17. The
2618:
was spared the final defeat of the Axis in Africa for it was ordered back to the continent in mid-March 1943. 11./JG 2 was formally incorporated into JG 53 and remained in Africa. JG 2 claimed approximately 150 enemy aircraft in North Africa for nine pilots killed.
1655:
learned that his second brother, a night fighter pilot had been killed in action the previous night. Along with his first, killed with JG 27 over England, he was removed and sent to a staff posting in accordance with Luftwaffe regulations. Hans "Assi" Hahn replaced him.
2967:
was dead. Kurt Ubben had commanded JG 2 for just under two months before he was killed in combat with US fighters on 27 April 1944. He was the final wing commander of JG 2 to die in battle, by far the highest fatality of the position in any German fighter wing.
1399:
were hardest hit, losing four Bf 109s, two killed, one missing and one pilot rescued. 64 Squadron and 87 Squadron were some of their opponents. 64 reported one Spitfire damaged, but 87 Squadron lost two Hurricanes and one damaged; one pilot was killed, one wounded.
2598:
made many claims again on 15 February, but once more American records are lacking in detail. Of the 11 claims, Rudorfer submitted seven. Four P-38s and three Spitfires were claimed by him; the latter opponents may have been from the US 31st or 52nd Fighter Groups.
2481:, who were attacked by Fw 190s and Bf 109s as they got airborne in the middle of a German air raid. BĂĽhligen made the first JG 2 claim in Africa. Three Spitfires were destroyed and five badly damaged; at least one was destroyed by a bomb burst.
3203:
which carried the 21 cm rockets. The formation ran into 15 P-47s near Krinkelt, Belgium. Five German fighters were shot down, killing one pilot. JG 2 were unable to claim a single victory. Kurt BĂĽhligen led 20 Bf 109s into combat against the
2679:
The fighting proved costly. During the year, approximately 200 pilots were killed or missing; compared with just 36 in 1940. In addition 100 were wounded. While the majority were inexperience pilots, a growing number were formation leaders including nine
2085:
remarked "Yes, the 190 was causing us real problems at this time. We could out-turn it, but you couldn't turn all day. As the number of 190s increased, so the depth of our penetrations decreased. They drove us back to the coast really." Into 1943, I.
2200:
By 17 July Douglas acknowledged that his command was in an inferior position. The reason for the year's reversals was that most of the 332 German fighters on the Channel Front were Fw 190s. The RAF came to appreciate this fully on 23 June 1942, when
3154:
began to convert to the Fw 190 D-9; a vastly improved high-altitude capable variant of the Fw 190. Bomb-racks also arrived at JG 2, which signalled the abandonment of Galland's plan, in favour of a ground offensive in the West.
1639:—but each one suffered damage. Fighter Command records show only one Hurricane from this squadron was destroyed; its pilot parachuted to safety. According to another source two more were forced down. By October, the Battle of Britain had become a "
1198:. From 5–6 June JG 2 experienced its most successful period in France. The pilots claimed 41 French aircraft for the loss of one pilot. The air battles inflated JG 2s total to 200 enemy aircraft, though this was a ten percent over–claim.
1772:, in June 1941, provided a greater strategic rationale for applying pressure to the Luftwaffe in Western Europe. On 9 January 1941, Circus Number 1 was flown by 60 fighters over northern France. The Germans ignored them, using the same tactics as
1444:
ran into 601 Squadron again, losing one Bf 109 and another damaged. 601 reported one damaged on the first day, and two lost on the 18th—both pilots were killed on the latter date. The battles occurred as JG 2 acted as distant escort for
3299:
missiles. I./JG 2 lost at least seven fighters to ground fire alone. III./JG 2 lost 10 fighters. A possible seven Bf 109s from II./JG 2 were also lost to ground fire. JG 2 attacked Asch and Ophoven airfields by mistake.
2701:
Egon Mayer, days after the Eighth Air Force destroyed the JG 2 headquarters at Beaumont-le-Roger, killing one pilot, 19 other personnel and wounding 16 more on 28th. At this time Mayer was to become the Luftwaffe's leading exponent against
2064:
3 began conversion from the Fw 190 A to the Bf 109 G-2. In late 1942, there was a move to revert completely back to the Bf 109 given the demand for the Fw 190 in other theatres, but this was rescinded. Some of the
3032:
claimed his 99th victory and reached 100 soon after. The next day, JG 2 claimed 10 Allied fighters. The first 48 hours were successful, but proved short-lived. In the last three weeks of June, JG 2 suffered 70 casualties. Eight were
2696:
was twice shot down while with JG 2 and wounded 14 times from 1941 to 1945. Horst Hanning, another Eastern Front ace, was killed on 15 May 1943 and posthumously awarded the Oak Leaves to the Knight's Cross. In June, Oesau was replaced by
445:
group was the only such fighter unit in the Luftwaffe, the Nazis were sure to exaggerate the size of their air force to the press and British officials. Hitler told Simon personally that the Luftwaffe had reached numerical parity with the
3286:
only 28 of the 43 pilots in the unit were fit for operations and the formation fielded only 28 fighters. In total, 84 aircraft were ready on 31 December, including 28 Fw 190 D-9s. At 09:12, JG 2 crossed the front line at
2291:
units had the following results: JG 2 lost 14 Fw 190s with eight pilots killed and JG 26 lost six Fw 190s with six pilots killed. The Spitfire Squadrons, 42 with Mark Vs, and only four with Mark IXs were tasked with
2329:
inexperienced German pilots to break off too soon from the classic stern-attack position to cause any damage. This anxiety among green pilots heightened through the use of the .50 calibre guns on American aircraft. They out-ranged the
3348:
by Spitfires the previous September, was killed on 25 March 1945 in action with US fighters only two days after receiving the Oak Leaves to the Knight's Cross. JG 2s Fw 190s were now fitted with bomb racks to attack
531:. The Bf 109 initially had weak armament but the introduction of the cannon-armed E model resolved the issue and the type possessed superior high-altitude performance over conservative designs at the time. Following the
1871:
JG 2 claimed three, while their neighbouring JG 26 claimed five fighters. RAF Bomber Command occasionally risked its newer four-engine heavy bombers attacking Brest in 1941, but the raids were rarely successful.
1694:. Wick's leadership of JG 2 lasted just 39 days. On 28 November 1940, after claiming his 56th aerial victory to lead the claim charts, he was shot down and killed by a Spitfire. One source attributes Wick's demise to
2664:
tested with success. The Fw 190s attacked in threes and hereto achieved the greatest success in a single pass; four bombers went down. The attack was imperfectly completed; several Fw 190s pulled up behind the
281:
survived World War II—four were killed while serving with JG 2, the highest fatality rate of any German fighter wing. JG 2 claimed 2,700 Allied aircraft destroyed at the cost of 750+ pilots killed or missing.
1142:
on 1 June. Luftwaffe claims for 28 May totalled 26 fighters while RAF losses amounted to 13 and three damaged. On 31 May German fighter pilots claimed 22 fighters at least; Fighter Command records show just 12 losses.
3224:
were known to have been involved, losing two Bf 109 K-4s and their pilots. On 23 December, JG 2 was part of the air defence against US bomber formations which were now uninhibited by the weather. The
2845:
D-2 was fitted to some of them, which future heavier armour around the annular cowling and oil cooler. A future of the design, and all subsequent models, was the addition of a bulge in the wings to accommodate the
3023:
flew a low-level interception against the airborne landings near Caen. The surprised 12 P-51s strafing road convoys and claimed eight without loss, a feat at this stage of the war was an exception. I. and III.
3290:
and was greeted by an enormous volume of Allied ground fire. The entire area was heavily defended by anti-aircraft artillery, since the area had been the scene of heavy fighting, but also had been attacked by
2836:
JG 2 began receiving he improved Fw 190 A-8 in 1944 which had increased engine power. The penultimate series of the A series was the A-8. Some of the later production models had the GM-1 and
1423:
in the late afternoon. Only 43 Squadron reported losses—two Hurricanes—with their pilots safe. Another source asserts JG 2 suffered one total loss. On 15 August the Luftwaffe sent all three of its
1898:. Fighter Command flew 6,875 sorties from January to June and lost 112 aircraft—57 in June. From July to December this increased to 20,495 with 416 losses. The pressure grew on JG 2, allotted to
1492:. During the first ten days on these airfields between Calais and Dunkirk, JG 2 claimed close to 100 RAF fighters destroyed. September began with continued attacks on RAF airfields. On day four,
3069:
on 11 July to refit and rebuild. II. and III./JG 2 carried on the fight and claimed some 16 victories over July but lost three times that number. Among the dead was Ruthard von Richthofen, 10.
1403:
On 12 August 1940, the Channel battles subsided and the Germans began the offensive against RAF Fighter Command; the day's operations ended in severe damage to one JG 2 fighter in an accident.
3242:. III./JG 3 turned back, and I./JG 1 were wiped out by P-47s; just two of the 17 pilots returned to JG 1. JG 2 were fortunate to escape with two losses in combat with 20 P-51s.
1277:
ended the French campaign. JG 2 suffered few losses during the fighting and subsequent operations. During the course of 1940, JG 2 reported just 36 casualties among its pilots. Only III.
1500:
became the next recipients of the Knight's Cross for reaching the obligatory total of 20 aerial victories during the month. Wolfgang Schellmann was similarly honoured for his leadership, while I.
3146:
Galland's plans for a "big blow"—an all-out attack on the next Eighth Air Force raid he hoped would inflict so many casualties on US bombers they would suspend their aerial offensive. II.
564:"Richthofen". On 1 May 1939 the Luftwaffe experienced a further reorganisation, and JG 131 was formally redesignated JG 2, an identity it retained for the rest of its existence.
545:
1 (Jagdgeschwader 1—Fighter Wing 1) pilots were sent to JG 132. JG 132 remained favoured by Göring who regularly asked it to host important visiting dignitaries. The majority of
2639:
was moved to protect the submarines in their transit routes through the Bay of Biscay from RAF Coastal Command. In October 1942, the US Eighth Air Force began targeting the U-boat pens.
2173:
In the first half of April 1942, Fighter Command suffered four times the casualties of the Luftwaffe. Sholto Douglas, commanding Fighter Command, considered abandoning deep-penetration
3179:. JG 26 exacted a toll of the strafing US fighters for no loss but JG 2 lost four Fw 190s. JG 2 reported that eight pilots failed to return this day; four from I.
8023:
Fighter Pilot Association of the German Luftwaffe 1934 to 1945 Part 3—Assignments in Denmark and Norway 9 April to 30 November 1940—The campaign in the West 10 May to 25 June 1940
1644:
2785:, was equipped with Bf 109 G-6s in the autumn 1943 but was anti-bomber given the addition of the two 20mm cannon gondola under each wing. JG 2 was involved in the
2757:
were killed in action with US aircraft in August, and a fourth by RAF Spitfires. On 6 September JG 2 achieved an increasingly rare success; the US Eighth Air Force attacked
1343:, beginning with a concerted effort by the Luftwaffe to clear the English Channel of shipping and bring Fighter Command. The first phase of the Battle of Britain was called the "
943:. On 14 May, known in the Luftwaffe as "the day of the fighters" 4./JG 2 proved the most successful unit with three victories attributed to them. The fighting shattered the
3316:
9 (12). The sum total of US losses were 10 destroyed, 31 damaged. JG 2s casualties prevented the wing from engaging in combat for the following two weeks. Among the losses was
2829:
was also released from escort duty—the Spitfires were now authorised to seek out the Luftwaffe over France while the bombers softened up the invasion coast in preparation for
2205:, JG 2, accidentally landed in Britain and provided the British with a fully operational Fw 190. The situation was not helped by the technical problems with the new
705:
returned to Döberitz. JG 2 suffered its first casualties of the war, when two of the night fighter unit pilots were killed on 16/17 September, presumably in a collision.
732:
period. JG 26 frequently flew combat patrols or "free hunts". On 22 November 1939 the wing scored what is believed to be the first aerial victory of the war against the
9061:
2362:
and above 9,000 m (30,000 ft) was in its element. In the spring, 1943, I./JG 2 and II./JG 26 were flying Bf 109s and Fw 190s. Operationally at
1146:
JG 2 prepared for Fall Rot, the final phase in the Battle of France, now Belgium and the Netherlands had fallen. In preparation for this offensive, the Luftwaffe began
1849:
1432:
to targets in the northeast and south of England to catch Fighter Command off-guard. The day was known to the Luftwaffe as "Black Thursday". The wing fought in the 16 and
2466:
on 18 November 1942. Dickfeld, a pilot with 100 victories to his credit had under his command were Kurt BĂĽhligen and Erich Rudorffer, and both were successful in Africa.
3077:. The OKL issued an order to restrict flying and conserve fuel stocks in Normandy. Only unrestricted operations were permitted against US heavy bombers. By this stage,
983:
filed their first claims in the Sedan region on this day—both men went on to be successful fighter pilots. After the intense operations on 14 May, the following day I.
9056:
891:
1 contained 147 Bf 109 Es (103 operational) for the invasion of the Netherlands. JG 2 moved forward to airfields from its jumping off points along the
8618:
2562:. Five days later, six Fw 190s led by Rudorfer claimed an enormous 16 aircraft destroyed in a single action. American records are lacking, but the war diary of the
2510:
the most successful of all. The bombers were from 18 and 614 Squadrons. None of the bombers returned to base—only three 18 Squadron and one 614 crew survived. Over
2189:
informed Douglas the RAF was losing the current battle. In four months to the end of June, the RAF lost 264 fighters to all causes, the Luftwaffe, 58. II. and III.
8019:
Die Jagdfliegerverbände der deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945 Teil 3—Einsatz in Dänemark und Norwegen 9.4. bis 30.11.1940—Der Feldzug im Westen 10.5. bis 25.6.1940
2037:. Only five of the original eighteen Swordfish crew survived. JG 2 made five claims, JG 26, three. The German ships claimed an exaggerated total of 10.
2737:
in August, reached the battle area and disappeared without apparent repercussions. III./JG 1 reached the bombers and then broke up to look for stragglers.
1686:. Wick's wing was chosen to stage southward, to provide an aerial escort to Hitler on his personal train as it journeyed to the French-Spanish border for the
2672:—one pilot from 7./JG 2 was shot down. On 30 December over Lorient, the US Eighth Air Force lost another three bombers in exchange for one Fw 190.
1732:
was appointed Wick's permanent replacement. JG 2 began a hiatus from operations, exemplified by the failure to appoint an immediate successor to Wick.
2090:
were operating both the Bf 109 and Fw 190, but soon fully attained the Fw 190 for efficiency. At this time, JG 2 was spread throughout
8800:
1667:, were the leading Luftwaffe fighter pilots. Their exploits were national news in Germany. Wick was exposed to international journalists and appeared in
637:. The night fighters were a mixed group of Bf 109 Ds and Arado biplanes, even in September 1939. Bf 109 Es equipped I., II. and III.
1532:
Otto Bertram. JG 2 recorded four pilots missing and one wounded in the first six days of September. The following day, Göring ordered an attack on
2419:, to occupy the demilitarised zone of France to forestall an Anglo-American landing. Hitler ordered substantial reinforcements to North Africa, namely
9051:
2541:
at the start of 1943, all the way westward to the Libya-Tunisia border. JG 2 was in combat on 20 and 26 December making claims on each day. The
1564:; in combat with 504 Squadron, the British purportedly destroyed nine Bf 109s. Even though most of the battle occurred over water, only one II.
3281:. I./JG 2s ground crews made ready 35 of 46 Fw 190s, 29 of which were Fw 190 Ds. Only 33 pilots were fit for operations, so the
3049:
on 14 June. At the turn of July 1944 the casualties among the inexperienced pilots were high; on average 12 were lost per day. Within 12 days, II.
7455:
Air War 1941: The Turning Point: Part One: The Day by Day Account of Air Operations Over Northwest Europe: From the Battle of Britain to the Blitz
1753:
760:
ended the Phoney War. JG 2 were not involved in either, the burden of fighter operations with Bf 109s being carried out by JG 77.
2951:
once the invasion started. JG 2 and JG 26 were expected to form the mainstay of the German fighter defence in the initial phase. Both
2741:, commanding JG 26, and NJG 1, made a formal complaint against them for not mounting a single concerted attack and denounced them as
1882:
tactical deployment of German units which enjoyed radar-based guidance. They skillfully used this to outweigh their numerical inferiority. 32
8611:
2688:
was the only member to receive the Knight's Cross in 1943. Over the Channel theatre, experience proved no guarantor of survival; a number of
2375:
high-flying Bf 109s engaged escorting fighters. The Bf 109 G-4 was "up-gunned" as well to the Bf 109 G-6, with two
3003:, 200 miles (320 km) to the east. On the morning of the Allied invasion, JG 2 were quick to respond. The new commanding officer
1760:
wished to take the offensive into France and Belgium in 1941. Termed the "lean towards France", Leigh-Mallory, No. 11 Group RAF, began the
2793:. The German pilots should have made more of the opportunity against unescorted bombers, but the American crews escaped into the towering
1367:
pilot was wounded. There were no reported losses for JG 2 from 1 July–10 August. On 11 August, large battles developed around convoy
2857:
The majority of German fighter units, with the exception of JG 2 and JG 26, were pulled back into Germany under the command of
291:
2033:
offered their only protection but were overwhelmed by the German fighters. All the Swordfish were shot down and Esmonde was awarded the
1544:; generally regarded as the climax of the battle for air superiority. JG 2s condition on 7 September was two Bf 109s from the
469:. The first digit denoted the first unit of its type to be activated, the second the code for fighter aircraft and the last referred to
3167:, his last major attack in the West. The remained at Merzhausen, Nidda and Altenstadt. The offensive began on 16 December 1944 and I.
430:-laden parade declared the first group of the Luftwaffe's official existence. There was a propaganda purpose to Hitler's attendance.
8604:
8046:
The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 4/I—Action at the Channel and over England—26 June 1940 to 21 June 1941
3085:
arrived from rebuilding in Germany on 13 August, and was committed to battle. losing six pilots and claiming four US fighters over
3007:
Kurt BĂĽhligen led JG 2 in fighter patrols over the invasion area. JG 2 fought in aerial combat, but was also involved in
2900:
2342:
fuel lacking in Germany, engineers opted for chemical enhancements. The Bf 109 G-1 high-altitude fighter, powered by the
2304:
claimed 61 of the 106 RAF machines lost, which included all types: JG 2 claimed 40 and JG 26 claimed 21. Wing Commander
1872:
1835:
replaced Balthasar, and commanded JG 2 for the next two years. On 9 June, 32-victory ace Machold was shot down by a British
1524:
from Strümpell. At the end of September, Dr. Erich Mix—perhaps the last World War I pilot still operational—was replaced as III.
8042:
Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 4/I—Einsatz am Kanal und über England—26.6.1940 bis 21.6.1941
7883:
2415:(DAK) and Italian armies were caught in a vice-like situation; squeezed from east and west. In response, the Wehrmacht enacted
1281:
returned to Germany, at Frankfurt. It spent a month there before returning to France. In the immediate aftermath, II. and III.
2923:
342:
contained approximately 12 to 15 aircraft. The identification in records were different depending on the type of formation. A
8586:
8567:
8528:
8509:
8471:
8452:
8433:
8414:
8395:
8369:
8347:
8328:
8305:
8286:
8267:
8248:
8217:
8194:
8175:
8152:
8129:
8110:
8091:
8072:
8053:
8030:
8007:
7984:
7940:
7918:
7899:
7873:
7851:
7829:
7810:
7728:
7709:
7690:
7671:
7652:
7633:
7595:
7528:
7506:
7462:
7424:
7405:
7367:
7344:
7325:
7306:
1744:
3, where it operated uninterrupted for the next four years following the Battle of Britain, save for a brief transfer by one
2518:
claimed four, mainly P-38s; Rudorffer's claim was identified from 72 Squadron. The German airfields were unaffected and II.
1363:
28 from 36. Helmut Wick, the highest claiming German pilot of the Battle of Britain claimed a first victory on 17 July; the
8490:
7521:
Royal Air Force Fighter Command Losses of the Second World War. Volume 2. Operational Losses: Aircraft and crews, 1942–1943
7499:
Royal Air Force Fighter Command Losses of the Second World War. Volume 1: Operational losses: Aircraft and crews, 1939–1941
7284:
2162:
at Caen with 19 (14). The later unit claimed the sinking of 20 vessels in the Channel from March to June 1942, some 63,000
1496:'s—future JG 2 commanding officer—career with JG 2 began after a claim against a Hurricane. Hans "Assi" Hahn and
1265:
9012:
2647:
lost three of their number on this mission while one Fw 190 pilot was killed. A single B-17 fell on 9 November over
2239:, 11./JG 2, landed in error in England, June 1942. Faber presented the RAF with a combat ready Fw 190 for evaluation
1461:
8502:
A History of the Mediterranean Air War, 1940–1945: Volume Three: Tunisia and the end in Africa, November 1942 – May 1943
3277:
were at least given maps, and had the airfield mapped out on a sand table. On 1 January 1945, JG 2 participated in
2899:. The unit claimed six Fw 190s destroyed and two probably destroyed—they were the newest ground-attack outfit in the US
7996:
Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 1—Vorkriegszeit und Einsatz über Polen—1934 bis 1939
7791:
7751:
7614:
7572:
7484:
7443:
7386:
3337:
2734:
2185:
lost seven out of 12 fighters. From 30 May to 4 June JG 2 claimed 50 RAF aircraft destroyed. On 13 June 1942, the
536:
2718:
airfields came under attack. Nine pilots were killed and six wounded; two were wounded while landing under the bombs.
549:
had Bf 109s by August 1938, but most were under strength and could field 26 fighters but many lacked radios. IV.
7962:
7770:
7550:
3100:
459:
3150:
began partial conversion to the Bf 109 K in October to supplement the late model Gs in operation and III.
8785:
8445:
A Documentary History of Every Enemy Aircraft Brought Down Over the United Kingdom, September 1939 – 14 August 1940
927:
claimed 66 aircraft as it covered southern Belgium and northeastern France, with JG 2 primarily covering the
8654:
2040:
In March 1942, just as Fighter Command resumed its offensive, JG 2 was in the process of equipping with the
1804:
944:
229:
in September 1939 which began World War II, JG 2 served protecting the German border with France during the
8000:
The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 1—Pre-War Period and Action over Poland—1934 to 1939
9030:
8103:
A History of the Mediterranean Air War, 1940–1945: Volume Two: North African Desert, February 1942 – March 1943
3336:
gutted in battles over December 1944/January 1945. JG 2 fought through February and March 1945 during the
2338:
organised a test group to experiment with air-to-air rockets and heavy calibre cannon to remedy the situation.
434:
2864:
1623:; the three remaining fighters reported lost in combat on that day occurred in the southeast of England; over
2489:, Pflanz's former command, with Bf 109 Gs. It did not operate autonomously and was attached to II.
2082:
1854:
1698:—the psychological and physical effects of combat fatigue earned the Channel area of operations the nickname
872:
450:. A flypast was arranged for 19 March and on 10 April 1936 the unit was used to celebrate Göring's marriage.
195:
120:
1926:
8538:
Simonsen, Daniel J. (2014). "In the Skies of France: A Chronicle of JG 2 "Richthofen," vol. 1, 1934-1940".
3089:. In the final two weeks of the campaign, this group suffered another 20 casualties. Twelve days later, as
2316:
2177:
operations but then ordered a large mission "Super Circus" on 24 April. On 1 June, nine Spitfires from the
1682:
1170:. He baled out 12 mi (19 km) north of Paris and managed to evade capture. The following day, II.
581:
406:. The Nazi leadership wanted to forge a link with Germany's military past to ensure continuity between the
8937:
2995:
on 28 May for Germany, to replace its worn out Bf 109 Gs with newer sub variants of the G-6. I.
2850:
whether the particular aircraft had this armament fitted or not. The conversion was only partial, for II.
2315:
In 1942, JG 1, JG 2 and JG 26 began to experience a new opponent on the Channel Front. The
1473:
pilots were killed, two reported missing, three wounded and one taken prisoner. On the last day of August
2884:
2818:
2408:
1860:
402:'s closest paladins, was appointed commander-in-chief of the Luftwaffe, the aerial warfare branch of the
3497:
3057:
had fought nearly to extinction over Normandy—five and eight Fw 190s were left in first and second
3045:
Josef Wurmheller, a 100+ victory ace, died in action 14 days later. II./JG 2 arrived to Creil from
2765:
despite Galland's efforts to expand the RLV force. The move inserted Bf 109 units into Fw 190
2721:
764:
300:(wing formation) was the largest homogenous flying formation. It typically was made up of three groups (
8986:
8596:
8320:
3488:
On 1 November 1938, JG 132 became JG 131 which was renamed again on 1 May 1939 to JG 2.
2826:
2786:
2073:
of Bf 109s and Fw 190s (namely Fw 190 As and Bf 109 G-6s) into 1943. II.
1866:
1331:
1254:
3770:
1966:
remained at Abbeville until the end of 1941, and then made a series of transfers similar to the other
8483:
A History of the Mediterranean Air War 1940–1945: Volume One: North Africa, June 1940 – February 1942
3053:
had only 17 Bf 109s operational from the 50+ it brought from Germany. The other two Fw 190
2810:
2296:, fighter escort and air-superiority missions. The exact number of Spitfires lost to the Fw 190
1603:. On 26 September the pilots claimed 12 RAF fighters supporting an attack on the Spitfire factory at
1274:
1269:
Bf 109E-3 in typical camouflage of the Western campaign; egg blue sides with dark green along the top
876:
670:
662:
226:
16:
This article is about the Second World War military unit. For the First World War military unit, see
8500:
Shores, Christopher F.; Massimello, Giovanni; Guest, Russell; Olynyk, Frank; Bock, Winfried (2016).
2603:
3361:. JG 2 had only 16 Fw 190 D-9s left by April, as the wing was formally assigned to
1844:
day, JG 2 lost eight and two damaged, six pilots killed or missing, and two wounded opposing
859:
had only 11 from 42 available for operations. This was the condition of JG 2 on 10 May 1940.
4326:
3750:
3737:
3394:
3226:
2587:
2558:
Spitfires and accounted for three for one loss. Two claims were made against the P-38s of the US
2498:
1474:
1453:
1167:
3171:
was in action on 17 December over the frontline. With elements of JG 26, they ran into the
2217:
was killed, and on 30 July Rudolf Pflanz, commanding the high-altitude Bf 109 G-1 11.
749:
3205:
3172:
3074:
3041:. Among those killed was III./JG 2s commanding officer Herbert Huppertz. His replacement,
3016:
2928:
2644:
2424:
2163:
1757:
1457:
1336:
1321:
rejected Hitler's peace overtures, and the Nazi leadership resolved to end the war militarily.
1318:
1086:
lost six bombers on 21 and 22 May until assigned II./JG 2 for protection. Elsewhere, near
1071:
940:
250:
222:
130:
7565:
Fighter Command's Air War 1941: RAF Circus Operations and Fighter Sweeps Against the Luftwaffe
2947:
3 was responsible for stocking airfields, and preparing for the stream of reinforcements from
2841:
additives to boost engine power at high altitudes, though neither system was widely used. The
1962:
moved to Brest in mid-1941, before returning eastward to Caen and Marck in February 1942. II.
787:
768:
523:
biplanes. In mid-1937, and by the end of the summer, II./JG 132 began equipping with the
8954:
8387:
7972:
7950:
7928:
7741:
7584:
Six Months to Oblivion: Defeat of the Luftwaffe Fighter Force Over the Western Front, 1944/45
3324:, who was shot down and captured by British forces. Matoni replaced him after the operation.
3278:
3086:
3008:
2579:
2502:
2182:
2098:. Stab/JG 2 remained at Beaumont-le-Roger with two serviceable fighters from four; the
1604:
1584:
1541:
3245:
Several days before Christmas, the senior officers of JG 2 met near their bases in the
7891:
3409:
3234:
3156:
2932:
2822:
2607:
2380:
strong construction; the latter type remained the preference among western theatre pilots.
2309:
2259:
landings. JG 2 was based in northwest France under the command of JafĂĽ 3. Stab and I.
2015:
2003:
1955:
1803:
From January to June 1941, JG 2 and JG 26 were supported by other fighter wings.
1796:
1769:
1636:
1420:
1223:
1158:
area. JG 2 claimed seven French fighters in defence of the bombers. The wing's former
1107:
725:
674:
524:
265:
211:
203:
7763:
Bodenplatte: The Luftwaffe's Last Hope-The Attack on Allied Airfields, New Year's Day 1945
1939:
1915:
was another pilot who had a successful record against the Spitfire. Kurt BĂĽhligen, future
1231:
462:, Hitler's first aggressive foreign policy move. Thereafter, the Richthofen groups became
179:
8:
8628:
4093:
4073:
3566:
3517:
3262:
3209:
3176:
3090:
2896:
2591:
2571:
2478:
2412:
2252:
2225:
in April 1942, as it overflew his headquarters and Stab/JG 2 claimed shot down some
2030:
1994:. The purpose of the moved to the French Atlantic coast was to provide air cover for the
1513:
1412:
1364:
1102:, by which time the Netherlands and Belgium were on the verge of collapse. On 26 May, I.
1079:
1052:
1048:
1000:
649:. This figure was one short of full establishment considering JG 2 consisted of one
594:
322:
277:
269:
3097:
retreated to Germany to rebuild, and the rest of JG 2 began to pull out of France.
2011:
2010:
forces were slow to react, but appeared just as JG 2 handed over responsibility to
415:
8931:
8926:
8921:
8905:
8900:
8895:
8890:
8885:
8880:
8875:
8870:
8865:
8860:
8855:
8850:
8845:
8840:
8835:
8830:
8825:
8820:
8815:
8810:
8805:
8724:
8719:
8714:
8379:
3258:
3213:
3164:
2830:
2802:
2611:
2575:
2376:
1999:
1979:
1777:
1687:
1647:
were intended to show the Luftwaffe could still bomb London in daylight. On 28 October
1322:
1099:
1067:
625:
MĂĽller, and later Blumensaat, but the formation was short-lived and merged into 10.(N)/
558:
541:
officer corps was screened for politically reliable personnel and some of the Austrian
463:
2590:
to bomb Kairouan airfields. The only known P-39 loss was recorded as belonging to the
1407:
proper began on 13 August. JG 2 were known to be in action in the morning for I.
8795:
8790:
8780:
8775:
8770:
8765:
8760:
8755:
8750:
8745:
8709:
8704:
8699:
8694:
8689:
8684:
8582:
8563:
8524:
8505:
8486:
8467:
8448:
8429:
8410:
8391:
8365:
8343:
8324:
8301:
8282:
8263:
8244:
8213:
8209:
8190:
8171:
8167:
8148:
8144:
8125:
8106:
8087:
8068:
8049:
8026:
8003:
7980:
7958:
7936:
7914:
7895:
7869:
7861:
7847:
7839:
7825:
7806:
7787:
7766:
7747:
7724:
7705:
7686:
7667:
7648:
7629:
7610:
7591:
7568:
7546:
7524:
7502:
7480:
7458:
7439:
7420:
7401:
7382:
7363:
7355:
7340:
7321:
7302:
7280:
3725:
was the oldest unit of JG 2, dating back to 1 May 1934 when it was formed as I.
3587:
3358:
3239:
3188:
3142:
2960:
2583:
2559:
2555:
2432:
2334:
2293:
2197:
moved to Brest. From 21 to 25 June the latter combination claimed 55 enemy aircraft.
2041:
1912:
1818:
1811:
1729:
1440:
suffered two destroyed and one damaged in combat with 601 Squadron. On the 18th, II.
1340:
1211:
1151:
1139:
1095:
1055:
Squadrons attempted interception cost them two fighters in combat with 5./JG 2.
880:
851:
had 30 from 31 Bf 109s operational plus 13 from 36 Ar 68s operational. I.
843:. The former was based at Nordholz and th enight fighters were based at Hopsten. II.
833:
673:
followed on 17 September. JG 2 was retained for the aerial defence of Germany ("
431:
354:
were described with their number (1./JG 2). The wing could be subordinated to a
328:
261:
254:
249:
front until September 1944. Elements of JG 2 fought in the latter stages of the
242:
234:
207:
17:
3220:
lost 34 fighters and claimed only four Allied aircraft over the front. II. and III.
2943:
while building up strength for the Allied invasion of France, expected that summer.
1887:
1660:
395:
334:
8970:
8740:
8679:
8674:
8669:
8664:
8636:
7587:
4425:
4413:
4398:
4386:
4027:
3881:
3673:
3646:
3599:
3549:
3350:
2980:
2976:
2863:
to reduce their vulnerability and better concentrate them over targets in Germany.
2859:
2715:
2693:
2534:
2474:
2320:
2079:
2022:
1920:
1761:
1721:
1691:
1596:
1561:
1119:
1111:
1075:
884:
740:
734:
678:
666:
645:
of JG 2 had 52 operational fighters including all three Bf 109s from the
313:
238:
88:
4190:
3688:
1839:
and was captured. Machold's E-7 was the last Emil lost by III./JG 2, for the
1493:
9000:
7781:
4440:
4220:
4151:
3378:
3374:
3292:
3028:
claimed no fewer than 18 Allied fighters on D-Day for three losses in total. The
2482:
2447:
2388:
2325:
2232:
1781:
These were followed by "Rodeo" and "Ramrod" operations . Mallory was revisiting
1668:
1433:
1326:
1147:
1123:
1059:
1019:, where they stayed for over a week from mid to late May. By 1 June, I. and III.
992:
976:
952:
508:
447:
246:
106:
98:
2586:
P-38s may have also been involved in the engagement for they were escorting the
2052:
retained the Bf 109 F-4 until August 1942. In late April, Stab and I.
1571:
1297:
moved permanently to Beaumont-le-Roger. At the beginning of operations over the
366:(Flying Corps, Division and Fighter Division) all of which were subordinated to
8962:
8579:
Luftwaffe Fighter Aces: The Jadgflieger and their Combat Tactics and Techniques
8551:
8236:
7294:
4131:
4015:
3454:
3429:
3266:
2443:
2280:
2226:
2206:
2034:
2026:
2018:
1975:
1875:
1782:
1700:
1695:
1640:
1533:
1497:
1298:
1243:
1215:
1040:
1036:
1024:
697:
to take part. No aerial confrontations took place, and from 9 to 15 September,
554:
491:
110:
102:
1720:). Wick was the first serviceman with the Knight's Cross and Oak Leaves to be
473:(Air Command II), of the Berlin district. The wing was granted two groups, I.
9045:
8357:
7560:
7538:
7516:
7494:
7472:
6478:
4234:
3977:
3957:
3433:
3270:
3000:
2872:
2847:
2833:. In February 1944 JG 2 suffered 26 killed and missing plus 15 wounded.
2790:
2738:
2665:
2648:
2538:
2428:
2330:
2229:. Up to four of the small force are believed to have been downed near Paris.
2222:
2007:
1943:
1908:
1895:
1852:, to Brest. They claimed 18 bombers. The operation targeted the German ships
1664:
1481:
1446:
1008:
618:
567:
520:
407:
347:
2529:
Fw 190 A-4 of II./JG 2, flown by group commander Dickfeld, Tunisia 1943
1828:
was buried in the same plot as his father, a soldier killed in World War I.
1728:
Karl-Heinz Greisert replaced him and led the wing until February 1941, when
304:). Each group contained approximately 30 to 40 aircraft in three squadrons (
4366:
4306:
3614:
3254:
2703:
2685:
2459:
2400:
2305:
2186:
2151:
1995:
1983:
1832:
1765:
1749:
1648:
1429:
988:
837:
817:
810:
694:
487:
399:
260:
After the expulsion of German forces from France and Belgium following the
199:
161:
140:
68:
7227:
7225:
7223:
7210:
7208:
7195:
7193:
2939:
In May 1944, the OKL confronted a further major challenge; how to bolster
1087:
7254:
7252:
6430:
3861:
3733:(Advertisement Squadron Middle Germany), and placed under the command of
3537:
2984:
2789:
in October, and downed nine B-17s as the bomber stream returned down the
2669:
2404:
2244:
2236:
2202:
2057:
1883:
1786:
1740:
The bulk of JG 2 remained on the Channel coast under the command of
1616:
1612:
1600:
1508:
most successful in the Luftwaffe. Bothkamp was replaced by Schellmann as
1206:
top scorers of the campaign during Fall Rot. At this time, the JG 2
1199:
516:
512:
411:
218:
157:
8626:
8407:
Luftwaffe fighter-bombers over Britain the tip and run campaign, 1942-43
8340:
RAF Fighter Command Victory Claims of World War Two: Part One, 1939–1940
8040:
Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2002).
8017:
Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2001).
7994:
Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2000).
6683:
1987:
1659:
Major Helmut Wick took command of JG 2 from 20 October. Wick, with
1347:". JG 2 could fly 105 Bf 109s at the start of operations. The
720:
to be formed to give the wing a fighting strength of three. Both of the
528:
7220:
7205:
7190:
6743:
6514:
4346:
3919:
3661:
3634:
3121:
3012:
2907:
2733:
of JG 2 were also sent to form the interception force against the
2711:
2652:
2416:
2178:
1891:
1773:
1632:
1465:
1344:
1242:
achieved his first victory. Three days later, the entire wing moved to
1239:
980:
912:
729:
391:
230:
173:
8464:
Convoy Peewit: August 8, 1940: The First Day of the Battle of Britain?
8317:
The Mediterranean Air War: Airpower and Allied Victory in World War II
8101:
Shores, Christopher F.; Massimello, Giovanni; Guest, Russell (2012b).
7249:
7237:
6794:
6466:
6010:
4740:
3253:
briefed his group commanders that they were to attack the airfield at
1194:
as a complete entity. I./JG 76 was detached and later became II./
744:. The freezing winter temperatures prohibited frequent flying, and I.
8640:
4286:
3562:
3230:
2868:
2806:
2758:
2525:
2272:
2135:
1836:
1676:
1537:
1489:
1248:
1063:
1012:
868:
779:
610:
602:
532:
403:
78:
5753:
2749:
contributed a single claim against a Spitfire en route to base. One
2431:
allowed the Axis to retain a foothold in Africa, and the subsequent
2021:, acting as Squadron Leader, No. 825 Squadron FAA took off with his
1286:
394:
in January 1933 triggered an era of military rearmament in Germany.
6526:
6360:
6358:
6356:
6354:
6123:
6121:
6119:
6117:
6115:
6113:
6111:
3269:, and the other group commanders, rushed the briefing though Major
3192:
3116:
In September JG 2 relocated to airfields around Frankfurt. I.
2814:
2632:
2546:
2506:
2359:
2256:
2095:
2091:
1947:
1580:
1404:
1306:
1028:
1016:
928:
900:
798:
698:
427:
6823:
6695:
6502:
6490:
5057:
4941:
2221:, was shot down. Of note, commander Oesau engaged elements of the
3425:
3366:
3354:
3287:
3046:
2842:
2794:
2640:
2511:
2420:
2396:
2392:
2351:
2350:
injection. The Fw 190 A-3 was introduced with improved
2143:
1998:
heavy ships in dock at Brest. In February 1942 the navy executed
1620:
1485:
1187:
948:
892:
757:
701:
attacks against road and rail targets were the main actions. The
690:
8481:
Shores, Christopher F.; Malizia, Nicola; Guest, Russel (2012a).
6351:
6108:
4893:
3444:
Originally JG 2 was formed as JG 132 on 1 April 1936.
1930:
Bf 109G-4 modern build—JG 2 operated the G model in 1942/43
1635:. Only nine Hurricanes were involved in the air battle—all from
8065:
Spitfire Ace of Aces: The True Wartime Story of Johnnie Johnson
6370:
5594:
3413:
3345:
3246:
2959:
at a time, to rest and rebuild for the battle. By the time the
2725:
Fw 190 As of either JG 2 or JG 26 in France, 1942/43.
2628:
2606:
was the only major victory for the Axis in Africa during 1943.
2463:
2343:
2248:
2167:
1991:
1588:
968:
753:
496:
438:
225:, the origins of the wing can be traced to 1934. Following the
8082:
Shores, Christopher; Foreman, John; Ehrengardt, Chris (1992).
7379:
The Battle of Britain, 1945-1965: The Air Ministry and the Few
6847:
6835:
6731:
6719:
6454:
4989:
2627:
JG 2s first contacts with the USAAF were fought over the
1792:
1305:
were based at Beaumont-le-Roger. III./JG 2 were based at
641:
at the beginning of the war. On 1 September 1939, Stab and I.
9006:
8120:
Shores, Christopher F.; Ring, Hans; Hess, William N. (1975).
6442:
6418:
6406:
6394:
6300:
6273:
5927:
5925:
3066:
2992:
2879:
were the favoured targets for the Eighth after Big Week. The
2838:
2570:
II/5 gives some leads. Nine P-40s of this group, escorted by
2451:
1628:
1290:
1235:
1195:
1190:, and had been since 1 June. JG 2 could now field three
1155:
1044:
964:
956:
936:
920:
794:
713:
709:
634:
626:
572:
7417:
The Story of the Spitfire: An Operational and Combat History
7299:
The Most Dangerous Enemy: A History of the Battle of Britain
7079:
7067:
5671:
5669:
3381:
led his surviving men north, though no record exists of the
3331:
Fw 190 D-9. JG 2 operated the type in 1944/45
2753:
reached the bombers at some point, and claimed four. Three
2312:
leader was captured after being shot down by a Fw 190.
1919:
was awarded the Knight's Cross in September 1941 along with
1339:. The gradual escalation of the air war became known as the
7911:
To Win The Winter Sky: Air War over the Ardennes, 1944-1945
6891:
6889:
6876:
6874:
6755:
6290:
6288:
5969:
5967:
5765:
5560:
5558:
5396:
5394:
5234:
5232:
3812:
of JG 131 which was renamed again on 1 May 1939 to I.
3405:
3327:
2931:
rocket-propelled mortar. The weapon was developed from the
2876:
2659:
two Fw 190s. Hahn was replaced by Egon Mayer, at III.
2554:
claimed 12 that day. On the 4th the Fw 190s intercepted US
2347:
2284:
2114:
at Ligescourt with 18 (14). The Fw 190 units were II.
1951:
1624:
1387:
suffered the loss of one pilot killed and one wounded, II.
1179:
1154:
operation against airfields and armaments factories in the
1083:
959:, were the most successful, claiming 39 bombers destroyed.
924:
767:
took command of JG 2 on 1 April. Massow was appointed
633:
to form a single entity which was eventually subsumed into
630:
272:
in the winter, 1944/45. JG 2 surrendered in May 1945.
8447:. Luftwaffe Crash Archive. Vol. 1. London: Red Kite.
7139:
7043:
6983:
6971:
6237:
6060:
5937:
5922:
5898:
4965:
4689:
2890:, shouldered the Luftwaffe's defensive effort on 2 March.
2610:
ended in defeat and the US-Commonwealth armies pushed the
2435:
prolonged the Axis presence for a further six months. II.
494:, the first recognised commander, relinquished command to
7846:. New York City: Nautical & Aviation Pub Co of Amer.
7166:
7091:
6813:
6811:
6809:
6601:
6203:
6201:
6199:
6133:
6026:
6024:
5954:
5952:
5729:
5666:
5355:
5343:
4677:
3296:
3163:
JG 2 was placed on the order of battle for Hitler's
2622:
2439:, under the command of Hauptmann Helmut-Felix Bolz, then
2056:
of JG 2 based at Beaumont le Roger, Liegescourt and
1325:, a proposed amphibious invasion of Britain was planned.
1289:, near Paris, before their replacement at the site by I./
7178:
6886:
6871:
6859:
6767:
6382:
6285:
6145:
6036:
5964:
5910:
5845:
5570:
5555:
5480:
5430:
5418:
5391:
5319:
5256:
5229:
5100:
5098:
5096:
4881:
3216:
raged; the result is not stated. The following day, II.
8081:
8039:
8016:
7993:
7779:
7258:
7243:
7231:
7214:
7199:
7156:
7154:
6937:
6935:
6933:
6931:
6918:
6916:
6800:
6784:
6782:
6673:
6671:
6669:
6667:
6654:
6652:
6317:
6315:
6249:
6162:
6160:
5681:
5654:
5545:
5543:
5528:
5406:
5285:
5283:
5110:
4871:
4869:
4867:
4865:
4863:
4861:
4859:
4857:
4855:
4853:
4851:
4849:
4847:
4845:
4843:
4841:
4839:
4837:
4835:
4833:
4831:
4829:
4827:
4825:
4823:
4821:
4819:
4817:
4815:
4813:
4811:
4746:
3137:
made demands of the wing for home defence duties. III.
3104:
Bf 109 G-6, July 1944. The type equipped II.
2915:
suffered the loss of 13 casualties in a single action.
2193:
moved to St Pol-Bryas at the beginning of May while I.
1615:
on 5 October. Fighter Command suffered two losses over
1548:
operational from three; five from 24 operational in I.
1238:
and Paris. On this day, another JG 2 personality,
553:
of JG 132, recently formed, was equipped with the
32:
8100:
7977:
The Hardest Day: The Battle of Britain: 18 August 1940
7645:
Phoenix Triumphant; The Rise and Rise of the Luftwaffe
7115:
7055:
7031:
7019:
7007:
6995:
6947:
6806:
6613:
6589:
6577:
6567:
6565:
6538:
6532:
6472:
6196:
6048:
6021:
5949:
5888:
5886:
5884:
5869:
5857:
5606:
5379:
5081:
4917:
4809:
4807:
4805:
4803:
4801:
4799:
4797:
4795:
4793:
4791:
4520:
4518:
3344:
Franz Hrdlicka, who had survived being shot down near
1752:. RAF Fighter Command and its new commanding officers
1329:
was an essential prerequisite to its success, and the
1210:
headquarters unit moved to the chateau in the town of
8984:
7127:
7103:
6959:
6339:
5991:
5979:
5833:
5823:
5821:
5819:
5806:
5804:
5789:
5741:
5717:
5705:
5470:
5468:
5466:
5464:
5462:
5449:
5447:
5445:
5331:
5219:
5217:
5204:
5202:
5200:
5198:
5185:
5183:
5181:
5168:
5166:
5153:
5151:
5149:
5134:
5093:
5069:
5033:
5023:
5021:
5019:
5006:
5004:
4977:
4953:
4929:
4905:
4776:
4752:
4728:
4718:
4716:
4665:
4641:
4617:
4547:
4545:
4530:
4505:
4503:
4490:
4488:
3357:, seized as a bridgehead by the Americans during the
2692:
arriving from the Eastern Front found to their cost.
2243:
In August 1942 the British and Canadians carried out
2154:
with 12 (8) and a final Bf 109 F unit, the
426:. Hitler attended the formation ceremony and after a
332:(Group Commanders). Each squadron was commanded by a
268:
and fought on the Western Front, most notably at the
9062:
Military units and formations disestablished in 1945
7955:
The Last Year of the Luftwaffe: May 1944 to May 1945
7888:
The Rise and Fall of the German Air Force: 1933-1945
7822:
Luftwaffe at War/Luftwaffe Aces of the Western Front
7396:
Cull, Brian; Lander, Bruce; Weiss, Heinrich (1999).
7151:
6928:
6913:
6901:
6779:
6707:
6664:
6649:
6637:
6327:
6312:
6157:
6096:
5693:
5642:
5540:
5516:
5504:
5367:
5307:
5295:
5280:
5268:
5244:
5122:
4605:
4593:
4581:
3108:
at this time. The G-6 nearest the camera carries an
2366:
level this was not efficient. It was decided for I.
2181:wing were shot down with their commanding officer.
1477:
and Erich Rudorffer submitted claims for a victory.
1074:, the Luftwaffe began to make frequent contact with
987:
claimed only one French reconnaissance aircraft. As
7683:
Luftwaffe at War; Gathering Storm 1933–39: Volume 1
6625:
6562:
6550:
6261:
6225:
6213:
6184:
6172:
6072:
5881:
5618:
5492:
4788:
4557:
4515:
3195:. Approximately 24 Bf 109 G-14s from II.
3133:3 and its new incarnation Luftwaffenkommando West,
1611:claimed 11 Hurricanes flying as bomber escort near
1379:. JG 2 reported eight Bf 109s lost. III.
1335:eventually outlined a broad plan for achieving it;
1094:was shot down and wounded. JG 2 fought in the
847:mustered 47 Bf 109s with 35 combat ready. IV.
8187:Messerschmitt Bf 110 Zerstörer Aces of World War 2
7702:Luftwaffe at War; Blitzkrieg in the West: Volume 2
7436:Focke-Wulf FW 190 Manual (Owners' Workshop Manual)
5816:
5801:
5777:
5630:
5582:
5459:
5442:
5214:
5195:
5178:
5163:
5146:
5045:
5016:
5001:
4764:
4713:
4701:
4653:
4629:
4542:
4500:
4485:
2446:was among Luftwaffe reinforcements rushed down to
2002:. The Luftwaffe supported the "Channel Dash" with
1411:suffered damage to one Bf 109 in combat with
585:(headquarters unit) on 1 May 1939 at Döberitz and
9057:Military units and formations established in 1939
8208:. Aviation Elite Units. Vol. 1. Oxford, UK:
8048:] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck.
8002:] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck.
7882:
7607:Augsburg Eagle: Story of the Messerschmitt Bf 109
7277:The Battle of Britain: An Epic Conflict Revisited
6084:
5759:
4569:
2918:
2854:retained Bf 109 Gs through the summer.
1911:and Egon Mayer emerged as high-claiming pilots .
1607:. Over the next week they claimed another 24. I.
1383:was charged specifically with fighter escort. I.
1134:claimed a Spitfire on 31 May and 2 June while I.
955:. JG 53, supporting JG 2 and JG 77 and
832:status briefly, were placed under the command of
557:. To complicate matters, JG 132 was renamed
9043:
8562:] (in German). Stuttgart: Motorbuch Verlag.
7360:The Luftwaffe over Germany: Defense of the Reich
3729:of JG 132, also known under its cover name
2643:was targeted on 21 October and the B-17s of the
2477:fighters on 21 November. The combat was against
2048:began conversion to the Fw 190 by May. The
1764:in January 1941. The German-led invasion of the
1031:, the final phase of the Western offensive. II.
728:as the build-up in western Germany began in the
661:On 1 September 1939 the Wehrmacht initiated the
7626:Spitfire II/V vs Bf 109F: Channel Front 1940–42
7395:
5063:
4995:
4947:
4899:
3199:flew escort for 10 Fw 190 Ds of III.
2676:plus seven damaged, can be attributed to JG 2.
2668:instead of diving away and were damaged by the
2025:formation to attack the ships. Squadron Leader
1222:headquarters until it was totally destroyed by
947:bomber fleet leaving bombing operations to the
855:had 33 of 45 Bf 109s available while III.
316:. In some cases a wing could be given a fourth
8426:The War Against Rommel's Supply Lines, 1942–43
8119:
7353:
6853:
6841:
6829:
6749:
6737:
6725:
6701:
6689:
6520:
6508:
6496:
6484:
6460:
6448:
6436:
6424:
6412:
6400:
6364:
6306:
6279:
6127:
3420:disbanded in the first week of May, 1945. II.
2955:were sent to southern France in rotation, one
2308:was among the notable British casualties. the
1520:. Within days, Helmut Wick took command of I.
1516:, an eight-victory pilot succeeded him in II.
1351:had all three of its fighters operational; I.
527:after testing with the B-1 and B-2 variant at
481:(II./JG 132) which contained 1-3 and 4-6
8612:
3377:returns after 25 April 1945; it is said that
2963:, D-Day, took place on 6 June 1944, a fourth
2578:engaged Fw 190s near Djebel Bou Dabouss. The
2110:) were at Triqueville with 12 (6); 1. and 2.
2102:was at Ligescourt with 6 (5 operational); I.
1166:3, flew with the Bf 109s but was hit by
8560:Fighter Pilots The great Enemies of the Past
7866:Strategy for Defeat: The Luftwaffe 1933–1945
7543:Air Battle for Dunkirk, 26 May - 3 June 1940
3401:. All that remained of the command was III.
3073:, a distant relation of JG 2s namesake
1680:(Eagle—the Luftwaffe's weekly magazine) and
1595:JG 2 returned to the skies between the
1047:airfields. The bombers suffered no loss and
500:Gerd von Massow, who remained in command as
8362:The Battle of the Airfields: 1 January 1945
8164:Focke-Wulf Fw 190 Aces of the Western Front
1705:
1419:suffered damage to a second in combat with
1178:2 and transferred to Monceau-le-Vast, near
665:in agreement with the secret protocol, the
8619:
8605:
7760:
7145:
7097:
7085:
7073:
2383:
2358:In contrast, the Bf 109 was a superb
1950:. In February 1942, it moved eastward, to
1810:(JG 1—1st Fighter Wing), JG 51,
1480:In late August, JG 2 began moving to
1258:(RLM) on 22 June 1940 due to poor health.
935:of JG 2 fought in the defence of the
915:near the Dutch border on 11 May. Massow's
621:unit was formed on 1 September 1939 under
31:
7337:The JG 26 War Diary: Volume Two 1943–1945
7318:The JG 26 War Diary: Volume One 1939–1942
7274:
5576:
5564:
5436:
5400:
5238:
3191:by destroying American artillery west of
3081:3 had barely 75 fighters operational. I.
2927:Fw 190 A-8 with the under-wing
2391:in November 1942 began the liberation of
9052:Fighter wings of the Luftwaffe 1933-1945
8519:Shores, Christopher; Ring, Hans (1969).
7933:Battle of Britain Day: 15 September 1940
7819:
7738:James, T. C. G.; Cox, Sebastian (2000).
7737:
7664:Eagle in Flames: Defeat of the Luftwaffe
7334:
7315:
6773:
6042:
5916:
5851:
5687:
5612:
5534:
4457:
3326:
3099:
2922:
2720:
2524:
2231:
2122:) at Beaumont-le-Roger with 34 (27); 6.
1925:
1791:
1570:
1264:
1226:' on 28 June 1943. On 13 June all three
1214:, which was the home of the Duchesse de
1122:and one Spitfire. The following day two
748:would not claim again until March 1940.
566:
8556:Jagdflieger Die groĂźen Gegner von einst
7718:
7699:
7680:
7452:
7433:
7376:
6817:
5875:
5699:
5600:
4971:
4959:
4911:
4887:
4782:
4758:
4671:
4647:
4221:
2614:into the northern tips on Tunisia. II.
1395:killed and another pilot missing. III.
292:Organisation of the Luftwaffe (1933–45)
9044:
8062:
7908:
7860:
7838:
7780:Mantelli; Brown; Kittel; Graf (2017).
7661:
7642:
7623:
7581:
7559:
7537:
7515:
7493:
7471:
7293:
7121:
7109:
7061:
7049:
7037:
7025:
7013:
7001:
6989:
6977:
6965:
6953:
6761:
6607:
6376:
6345:
6294:
6243:
6207:
6151:
6066:
6054:
5997:
5985:
5973:
5958:
5943:
5931:
5904:
5863:
5839:
5827:
5795:
5747:
5735:
5723:
5711:
5675:
5648:
5549:
5510:
5412:
5337:
5250:
5128:
5116:
5104:
5075:
4983:
4935:
4623:
4611:
4524:
4269:
3439:
2971:In the days before the invasion. III.
2623:Channel Front and Defence of the Reich
2493:of JG 53. On 1 December 1942 the
2370:convert fully to Fw 190s and II.
1575:Messerschmitt Bf 109 E-1 of
1162:, Oberst Gerd von Massow, no leading
816:at Frankfurt, under the leadership of
275:Only three of JG 2's ten wartime
8600:
8405:Goss, Chris; Cornwell, Peter (2003).
8279:The JG 26 War Diary: 1939–42 Volume 1
8161:
8138:
7971:
7949:
7927:
7868:. Maxwell AFB: Air University Press.
7800:
7744:: Air Defence of Great Britain, v. 2)
7604:
7414:
7133:
6907:
6333:
6321:
6102:
5624:
5522:
5498:
5486:
5424:
5373:
5361:
5349:
5325:
5313:
5301:
5289:
5274:
5262:
4747:Shores, Foreman & Ehrengardt 1992
4551:
4536:
4057:
3705:
3093:, the seven surviving pilots of III.
2777:, for example, moving from I. to II.
677:") but the lack of any threat by the
374:became redundant and the description
326:(wing commander) supporting by three
9013:
8523:. London: Neville Spearman Limited.
8298:First of the Few: 5 June – July 1940
8203:
8184:
7184:
7172:
7160:
6941:
6922:
6895:
6880:
6865:
6788:
6713:
6677:
6658:
6643:
6631:
6619:
6595:
6583:
6571:
6556:
6544:
6533:Shores, Massimello & Guest 2012b
6473:Shores, Massimello & Guest 2012b
6388:
6267:
6255:
6231:
6219:
6190:
6178:
6166:
6139:
6090:
6078:
6030:
5892:
5810:
5783:
5771:
5660:
5636:
5588:
5474:
5453:
5385:
5223:
5208:
5189:
5172:
5157:
5140:
5087:
5051:
5039:
5027:
5010:
4923:
4875:
4770:
4734:
4722:
4707:
4695:
4683:
4659:
4635:
4599:
4587:
4575:
4563:
4509:
4494:
3712:
1312:
828:(Nacht), which had been elevated to
571:A JG 2 Bf 109 E-7 at
7765:. Ottringham: Hikoki Publications.
7742:Royal Air Force Official Narratives
7647:. London: Arms & Armour Press.
3424:moved to Prague and then back into
2805:became operational, along with the
2651:. On 19 November another fell over
1252:JĂĽrgen Roth was transferred to the
862:
350:, for example I./JG 2, while
13:
8546:(5). Air Force Research Institute.
8228:
7400:. London: Grub Street Publishing.
3338:Western Allied invasion of Germany
2126:at Triqueville with 12 (11); III.
1934:During the winter, 1941/1942, the
1568:Bf 109 was found on a beach.
233:. On 10 May 1940 it served in the
194:"Richthofen" was a German fighter
14:
9073:
8189:. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing.
8025:] (in German). Struve-Druck.
7523:. Leicester: Midland Publishing.
7501:. Leicester: Midland Publishing.
2911:last day in April, the exhausted
2267:was at Beamont-le-Roger and III.
975:lost one fighter in the battles.
867:On 10 May 1940 the Wehrmacht put
809:were placed under the command of
782:and based at Frankfurt while II.
681:to Berlin led to an order for 1.
460:Remilitarization of the Rhineland
9022:
8994:
8627:
8260:JG 26: Top Guns of the Luftwaffe
7957:. London: Greenhill Publishing.
7761:Manrho, John; PĂĽtz, Ron (2004).
6003:
3731:Reklamestaffel Mitteldeutschland
1938:moved from Beaumont-le-Roger to
1817:(JG 52—52nd Fighter Wing),
1735:
1462:Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross
1262:Henning StrĂĽmpell replaced him.
1066:. As the German army fought the
1043:bombers on 16 May as the bombed
1039:missions with I./JG 27 for
963:3, reinforced by JG 26 and
778:were allotted to his command at
538:Österreichische Luftstreitkräfte
178:
61:
7267:
6011:"Jagdgeschwader 2 "Richthofen""
3320:Georg Schröder, commanding II.
3238:fighter-bomber patrol over the
3019:rocket-propelled mortars. III.
2983:for Fontenay le Comte north of
2522:was active throughout the day.
2469:In the first major action, the
2213:Ignaz Prestele, commanding II.
1246:, 50 miles (80 km) south.
945:RAF Advanced Air Striking Force
656:
601:at Zerbst on 12 December 1939.
378:supplanted it until the use of
285:
8315:Ehlers Jr., Robert S. (2015).
7721:Air War Over France, 1939-1940
7567:. Leicester: Pen & Sword.
7381:. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
6487:, pp. 109, 113, 141, 144.
2919:Normandy and the Western Front
2735:Schweinfurt–Regensburg mission
1986:, Liegescourt, St. Pol-Brias,
1583:of I./JG 2, crashed near
871:into effect, allowing for the
511:JG 132 was equipped with
435:John Simon, 1st Viscount Simon
241:. Thereafter it fought in the
1:
8581:. Barnsley: Pen & Sword.
8540:Air & Space Power Journal
8206:Jagdgeschwader 2 "Richthofen"
7979:. London: Haynes Publishing.
7704:. London: Chevron/Ian Allan.
7685:. London: Chevron/Ian Allan.
7666:. Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
7628:. Oxford: Osprey Publishing.
7457:. Air Research Publications.
5064:Cull, Lander & Weiss 1999
4996:Cull, Lander & Weiss 1999
4948:Cull, Lander & Weiss 1999
4900:Cull, Lander & Weiss 1999
4474:
3229:attacked the road viaduct at
2684:. Of the experienced pilots,
2403:, and their removal from the
2251:harbour. Fighter, Bomber and
1090:, Erich Mix, commanding III.
1062:reached the Channel north of
883:and the initial phase of the
873:German invasion of Luxembourg
617:to form. IV.(N)/JG 2, a
52:1 May 1939–8 May 1945 as JG 2
8277:Caldwell, Donald L. (2012).
8258:Caldwell, Donald L. (1991).
8124:. London: Neville Spearman.
7844:The German Air War in Russia
7335:Caldwell, Donald L. (1998).
7316:Caldwell, Donald L. (1996).
7275:Bergström, Christer (2015).
6521:Shores, Ring & Hess 1975
6509:Shores, Ring & Hess 1975
6497:Shores, Ring & Hess 1975
6485:Shores, Ring & Hess 1975
6461:Shores, Ring & Hess 1975
6449:Shores, Ring & Hess 1975
6437:Shores, Ring & Hess 1975
6425:Shores, Ring & Hess 1975
6413:Shores, Ring & Hess 1975
6401:Shores, Ring & Hess 1975
4479:
2427:. The German success in the
2423:to prevent an Axis collapse
2317:United States Army Air Force
2166:. This unit was renamed 13./
1683:Berliner Illustrirte Zeitung
579:Gerd von Massow created the
441:at the time, and though the
390:The seizure of power by the
385:
192:Jagdgeschwader 2 (JG 2)
46:14 March 1936–1 May 1939 as
7:
8428:. London: Stackpole Books.
7935:. London: Greenhill books.
7824:. London: Greenhill Books.
7805:. London: McWhirter Twins.
7477:Fighter Command 1936 – 1968
7419:. London: Greenhill books.
7362:. London: Greenhill Books.
2819:North American P-51 Mustang
2485:arrived at the head of 11.
2409:Second Battle of El Alamein
2138:-Théville with 13 (12); 7.
708:JG 2 were assigned I./
210:single-seat, single-engine
10:
9078:
8321:University Press of Kansas
7913:. Pennsylvania: Combined.
6854:Caldwell & Muller 2007
6842:Caldwell & Muller 2007
6830:Caldwell & Muller 2007
6750:Caldwell & Muller 2007
6738:Caldwell & Muller 2007
6726:Caldwell & Muller 2007
6702:Caldwell & Muller 2007
6690:Caldwell & Muller 2007
6439:, pp. 83, 85, 88, 89.
6365:Caldwell & Muller 2007
6307:Caldwell & Muller 2007
6280:Caldwell & Muller 2007
6128:Caldwell & Muller 2007
3187:were ordered to cover the
2827:RAF 2nd Tactical Air Force
2787:Second Raid on Schweinfurt
1902:3, JG 1, assigned to
1776:in the Battle of Britain.
1464:, a higher award than the
1332:Oberkommando der Luftwaffe
1255:Reichsluftfahrtministerium
289:
264:, JG 2 served in the
15:
8947:
8938:Ergänzungs-Jagdgeschwader
8914:
8733:
8647:
8141:Bf 109D-E Aces, 1939-1941
7820:Michulec, Robert (2002).
6692:, pp. 110, 113, 114.
4470:Blumensaat, February 1940
3808:of JG 132 became I.
3803:
3487:
3160:fighters and 25 bombers.
2811:Republic P-47 Thunderbolt
2497:succeeded in downing one
2263:were at Triqueville, II.
1460:. The bench-mark for the
1275:Armistice of 22 June 1940
995:, JG 2 followed. I.
919:3, containing JG 2,
877:Battle of the Netherlands
671:Soviet invasion of Poland
663:German invasion of Poland
477:(I./JG 132) and II.
452:Jagdgeschwader Richthofen
424:Jagdgeschwader Richthofen
370:(Air Fleets). The use of
245:and then remained on the
227:German invasion of Poland
202:. JG 2 operated the
172:
167:
151:
146:
136:
126:
116:
94:
84:
74:
56:
48:Jagdgeschwader Richthofen
42:
30:
25:
8521:Fighters over the Desert
7909:Parker, Danny S (1998).
7783:The Messerschmitt Bf 109
7719:Jackson, Robert (1974).
7434:Douglas, Graeme (2016).
6752:, pp. 156, 162–163.
6523:, pp. 199–200, 205.
6379:, pp. 136, 218–219.
5603:, pp. 24, 238, 250.
3498:Harry von BĂĽlow-Bothkamp
3373:disappeared from German
3009:anti-shipping operations
2604:Battle of Kasserine Pass
2407:. Following on from the
1890:sets were employed from
967:, flew 90 missions (814
765:Harry von BĂĽlow-Bothkamp
8504:. London: Grub Street.
8485:. London: Grub Street.
8466:. London: Grub Street.
8462:Saunders, Andy (2010).
8364:. London: Grub Street.
8262:. New York: Ivy Books.
8243:. London: Aurum Press.
8105:. London: Grub Street.
8086:. London: Grub Street.
8067:. Amberley Publishing.
7801:Mason, Francis (1969).
7740:The Battle of Britain (
7609:. London: Aurum Press.
7605:Green, William (1972).
7582:Girbig, Werner (1975).
7545:. London: Grub Street.
7377:Campion, Garry (2015).
7339:. London: Grub Street.
7301:. London: Aurum Press.
5774:, pp. 71, 77, 118.
3804:On 1 November 1938, I.
3771:Kurt-Bertram von Döring
3751:Robert Ritter von Greim
3738:Robert Ritter von Greim
3227:391st Bombardment Group
2975:, under the command of
2588:301st Bombardment Group
2499:Lockheed P-38 Lightning
2384:Sojourn in North Africa
1556:and 11 from 19 in III.
1454:Sturzkampfgeschwader 77
1168:anti-aircraft artillery
931:from 11 to 13 May. II.
338:(squadron leader). The
8443:Parker, Nigel (2013).
8338:Foreman, John (2003).
8063:Sarkar, Dilip (2011).
7700:Hooton, E.R. (2007b).
7681:Hooton, E.R. (2007a).
7453:Foreman, John (1993).
7320:. London: Grubstreet.
7146:Manrho & PĂĽtz 2004
7098:Manrho & PĂĽtz 2004
7086:Manrho & PĂĽtz 2004
7074:Manrho & PĂĽtz 2004
6015:The Luftwaffe, 1933-45
5760:National Archives 2001
4698:, pp. 24, 25, 30.
3548:28 November 1940
3332:
3206:395th Fighter Squadron
3173:428th Fighter Squadron
3113:
3075:Manfred von Richthofen
2936:
2745:(corpse-looters). II.
2726:
2645:97th Bombardment Group
2530:
2450:, and down the leg of
2240:
1931:
1873:Chief of the Air Staff
1800:
1758:Trafford Leigh-Mallory
1674:. He was also used in
1592:
1552:, four from 18 in II.
1458:Sturzkampfgeschwader 3
1337:Operation Eagle Attack
1270:
1202:emerged as one of the
1011:for 72 hours and then
716:while waiting for two
576:
458:, and was used in the
422:Döberitz) was renamed
312:could field 90 to 120
251:North African Campaign
223:Manfred von Richthofen
217:Named after the famed
131:Manfred von Richthofen
8424:Levine, Alan (2008).
8409:. London: Stackpole.
8388:Naval Institute Press
8384:The Blitzkrieg Legend
8281:. London: Stackpole.
8122:Fighters Over Tunisia
7746:. London: Routledge.
7723:. London: Ian Allan.
7662:Hooton, E.R. (1999).
7643:Hooton, E.R. (1994).
7624:Holmes, Tony (2017).
7354:Caldwell, Donald L.;
4686:, pp. 24, 28–29.
4219:1 January 1945 (
3385:movements. The other
3365:. JG 2 moved to
3330:
3279:Operation Bodenplatte
3235:Martin B-26 Marauders
3103:
2926:
2895:Thunderbolt from the
2813:. In February 1944, "
2724:
2528:
2503:49th Fighter Squadron
2235:
2183:No. 403 Squadron RCAF
2130:(excluding 7. and 8.
2106:(excluding 1. and 2.
1929:
1795:
1605:Woolston, Southampton
1574:
1542:Battle of Britain Day
1359:28 from 36, and III.
1268:
1186:were based nearby at
1108:Supermarine Spitfires
939:bridgeheads upon the
589:Carl Vieck formed I.
570:
8577:Spick, Mike (2011).
8296:Cull, Brian (2013).
8162:Weal, John (1996b).
8139:Weal, John (1996a).
7892:Public Record Office
7279:. Oxford: Casemate.
7175:, pp. 115, 118.
6801:Mantelli et al. 2017
6764:, pp. 224, 230.
6142:, pp. 121, 126.
5535:James & Cox 2000
5364:, pp. 271, 280.
5352:, pp. 273, 283.
3997:Franz Karch (acting)
3410:Messerschmitt Me 262
2933:21 cm Nebelwerfer 42
2823:VIII Fighter Command
2706:. Nevertheless, II.
2608:Operation Ochsenkopf
2537:and DAF pushed into
2253:RAF Coastal Commands
2016:Lieutenant Commander
2004:Operation Donnerkeil
1956:Marck, Pas-de-Calais
1799:F-2, Hans Hahn, 1941
1797:Messerschmitt Bf 109
1770:Operation Barbarossa
1319:Churchill Government
1224:B-17 Flying Fortress
774:; Stab, I. and III.
750:Operation WeserĂĽbung
726:Frankfurt Rhine-Main
675:Defence of the Reich
609:on 16 March 1940 at
525:Messerschmitt Bf 109
504:until World War II.
471:Luftkreiskommando II
266:Defence of the Reich
212:interceptor aircraft
204:Messerschmitt Bf 109
8380:Frieser, Karl-Heinz
8204:Weal, John (2012).
8185:Weal, John (2000).
7803:Battle Over Britain
7415:Delve, Ken (2007).
7187:, pp. 116–117.
7052:, pp. 329–330.
6992:, pp. 164–165.
6980:, pp. 82, 163.
6898:, pp. 111–112.
6883:, pp. 110–111.
6868:, pp. 108–109.
6832:, pp. 167–168.
6511:, pp. 193–194.
6499:, pp. 190–191.
6391:, pp. 95, 118.
6246:, pp. 131–132.
6069:, pp. 115–116.
5946:, pp. 111–112.
5934:, pp. 110–111.
5907:, pp. 149–150.
5762:, pp. 196–198.
5738:, pp. 105–119.
5678:, pp. 107–108.
5663:, pp. 72, 118.
5489:, pp. 335–357.
5427:, pp. 284–332.
5328:, pp. 241–243.
5265:, pp. 222–226.
5066:, pp. 162–163.
4974:, pp. 111–112.
4950:, pp. 113–137.
4094:Karl-Heinz Greisert
4074:Wolfgang Schellmann
4026:25 March 1945
3672:27 April 1944
3567:Karl-Heinz Greisert
3518:Wolfgang Schellmann
3440:Commanding officers
3263:404th Fighter Group
3251:Geschwaderkommodore
3210:368th Fighter Group
3177:474th Fighter Group
3030:Geschwaderkommodore
2965:Geschwaderkommodore
2897:365th Fighter Group
2892:Geschwaderkommodore
2781:; this unit, as 4.
2631:pens on the French
2592:350th Fighter Group
2413:German Africa Corps
2377:MG 131 machine guns
2031:No. 72 Squadron RAF
1917:Geschwaderkommodore
1826:Geschwaderkommodore
1514:Karl-Heinz Greisert
1510:Geschwaderkommodore
1436:. On 16 August II.
1160:Geschwaderkommodore
1126:were claimed by I.
1080:RAF Fighter Command
1072:lay siege to Calais
1027:in preparation for
1001:Beaulieu-en-Argonne
752:, the invasions of
595:Wolfgang Schellmann
535:in March 1938, the
502:Geschwaderkommodore
346:was referred to in
323:Geschwaderkommodore
278:Geschwaderkommodore
270:Battle of the Bulge
50:, JG 132 and JG 131
8720:142 "Horst Wessel"
8715:134 "Horst Wessel"
8300:. Fonthill Media.
7862:Murray, Williamson
7479:. Harper Collins.
7398:Twelve Days in May
7356:Muller, Richard R.
6704:, p. 104–105.
6610:, pp. 78–138.
5388:, pp. 49, 69.
5090:, pp. 39, 41.
4926:, pp. 33, 37.
4436: •
4424:22 June 1944
4409: •
4382: •
4362: •
4342: •
4322: •
4302: •
4297:23 September 1940
4281: •
4250: •
4230: •
4206: •
4186: •
4168: •
4147: •
4127: •
4109: •
4089: •
4069: •
4038: •
4011: •
3993: •
3973: •
3968:28 September 1944
3953: •
3935: •
3915: •
3897: •
3877: •
3857: •
3839: •
3821: •
3786: •
3766: •
3746: •
3707:Gruppenkommandeure
3684: •
3657: •
3645:2 March 1944
3630: •
3610: •
3583: •
3560: •
3533: •
3513: •
3493: •
3470: •
3450: •
3416:. The Stab and I.
3391:Luftwaffenkommando
3333:
3259:48th Fighter Group
3214:Battle of St. Vith
3165:Ardennes offensive
3114:
3039:Gruppenkommandeure
2937:
2831:Operation Overlord
2803:55th Fighter Group
2801:1943, the P-38 US
2727:
2612:Panzer Army Africa
2576:81st Fighter Group
2531:
2505:without loss near
2241:
2000:Operation Cerberus
1932:
1801:
1778:RAF Bomber Command
1688:Meeting at Hendaye
1651:, commanding III.
1593:
1452:dive-bombers from
1323:Operation Sea Lion
1271:
1218:, which served as
1174:was detached from
1114:. On 28 May, III.
1100:Dunkirk evacuation
1068:Battle of Boulogne
577:
414:. The air base at
382:later in the war.
320:. Each wing had a
257:in 1942 and 1943.
8982:
8981:
8588:978-1-84832-627-9
8569:978-3-87943-115-1
8530:978-0-668-02070-1
8511:978-1-910690-00-0
8473:978-1-906502-67-6
8454:978-1-906592-09-7
8435:978-0-8117-3458-5
8416:978-0-948817-42-7
8397:978-1-59114-294-2
8371:978-1-898697-15-2
8349:978-0-9538061-8-8
8330:978-0-7006-2075-3
8307:978-1-78155-116-5
8288:978-0-811710-77-0
8269:978-0-8041-1050-1
8250:978-1-85410-929-3
8219:978-1-84176-046-9
8210:Osprey Publishing
8196:978-1-85532-753-5
8177:978-1-85532-595-1
8168:Osprey Publishing
8154:978-1-84176-538-9
8145:Osprey Publishing
8131:978-0-85435-210-4
8112:978-1-909166-12-7
8093:978-0-948817-42-7
8074:978-1-4456-0475-6
8055:978-3-923457-63-2
8032:978-3-923457-61-8
8009:978-3-923457-54-0
7986:978-1-84425-820-8
7942:978-1-85367-375-7
7920:978-0-938289-35-7
7901:978-1-903365-30-4
7884:National Archives
7875:978-1-58566-010-0
7853:978-1-877-85313-5
7831:978-1-85367-486-0
7812:978-0-901928-00-9
7730:978-0-7110-0510-5
7711:978-1-85780-272-6
7692:978-1-903223-71-0
7673:978-1-85409-343-1
7654:978-1-85409-181-9
7635:978-1-85410-721-3
7597:978-0-88254-360-4
7530:978-1-85780-075-3
7508:978-1-85780-055-5
7464:978-1-871187-22-9
7426:978-1-85367-725-0
7407:978-1-902304-12-0
7369:978-1-85367-712-0
7346:978-1-898697-86-2
7327:978-1-898697-52-7
7308:978-1-85410-721-3
7259:Prien et al. 2002
7244:Prien et al. 2001
7232:Prien et al. 2000
7215:Prien et al. 2000
7200:Prien et al. 2000
7088:, pp. 54–59.
7076:, pp. 51–52.
6622:, pp. 97–99.
6598:, pp. 98–99.
6586:, pp. 93–94.
6547:, pp. 96–97.
6367:, pp. 60–61.
6258:, p. 88, 90.
6154:, pp. 91–93.
6130:, pp. 65–66.
6033:, pp. 82–83.
5976:, pp. 72–73.
5415:, pp. 63–64.
5143:, pp. 42–43.
5119:, pp. 34–35.
5042:, pp. 33–34.
4902:, pp. 11–13.
4890:, pp. 46–47.
4737:, pp. 25–26.
4602:, pp. 15–20.
4590:, pp. 10–14.
4539:, pp. 75–76.
4455:
4454:
4397:8 June 1944
4311:23 September 1940
4267:
4266:
4113:Helmut-Felix Bolz
4084:2 September 1940
4055:
4054:
3892:20 November 1941
3852:9 September 1940
3843:Henning StrĂĽmpell
3703:
3702:
3598:3 July 1941
3588:Wilhelm Balthasar
3578:15 February 1941
3508:2 September 1940
3359:Battle of Remagen
3240:Siege of Bastogne
3189:Sixth Panzer Army
3129:remained part of
2961:Normandy landings
2584:1st Fighter Group
2560:82d Fighter Group
2556:52d Fighter Group
2433:Battle of Tunisia
2335:MG 17 machine gun
2294:close air support
2287:. The two German
2245:Operation Jubilee
2069:maintained mixed
2062:JagdfliegerfĂĽhrer
2042:Focke-Wulf Fw 190
1940:Saint-Pol-de-LĂ©on
1913:Siegfried Schnell
1904:JagdfliegerfĂĽhrer
1900:JagdfliegerfĂĽhrer
1850:Operation Sunrise
1730:Wilhelm Balthasar
1434:18 August battles
1341:Battle of Britain
1313:Battle of Britain
1232:Oulchy-le-Château
1212:Beaumont-le-Roger
1164:JagdfliegerfĂĽhrer
1152:strategic bombing
1140:Westland Lysander
1120:Hawker Hurricanes
1098:, to prevent the
1096:Battle of Dunkirk
961:JagdfliegerfĂĽhrer
917:JagdfliegerfĂĽhrer
889:JagdfĂĽhrerflieger
881:Battle of Belgium
834:Albert Kesselring
789:JagdfliegerfĂĽhrer
770:JagdfliegerfĂĽhrer
454:consisted of two
432:Foreign Secretary
329:Gruppenkommandeur
262:Normandy landings
255:Battle of Tunisia
253:, notably in the
243:Battle of Britain
235:Battle of Belgium
208:Focke-Wulf Fw 190
186:
185:
18:Jagdgeschwader II
9069:
9035:
9027:
9026:
9025:
9015:
9009:Jagdgeschwader 2
8999:
8998:
8997:
8990:
8725:234 "Schlageter"
8675:6 "Horst Wessel"
8631:
8621:
8614:
8607:
8598:
8597:
8592:
8573:
8547:
8534:
8515:
8496:
8492:978-1-9081-17076
8477:
8458:
8439:
8420:
8401:
8375:
8353:
8334:
8311:
8292:
8273:
8254:
8223:
8200:
8181:
8158:
8135:
8116:
8097:
8084:Fledgling Eagles
8078:
8059:
8036:
8013:
7990:
7968:
7946:
7924:
7905:
7879:
7857:
7835:
7816:
7797:
7776:
7757:
7734:
7715:
7696:
7677:
7658:
7639:
7620:
7601:
7588:Hippocrene Books
7578:
7556:
7534:
7512:
7490:
7468:
7449:
7430:
7411:
7392:
7373:
7350:
7331:
7312:
7290:
7286:978-1612-00347-4
7262:
7256:
7247:
7241:
7235:
7229:
7218:
7212:
7203:
7197:
7188:
7182:
7176:
7170:
7164:
7158:
7149:
7143:
7137:
7131:
7125:
7119:
7113:
7107:
7101:
7095:
7089:
7083:
7077:
7071:
7065:
7059:
7053:
7047:
7041:
7035:
7029:
7023:
7017:
7011:
7005:
6999:
6993:
6987:
6981:
6975:
6969:
6963:
6957:
6951:
6945:
6939:
6926:
6920:
6911:
6905:
6899:
6893:
6884:
6878:
6869:
6863:
6857:
6851:
6845:
6839:
6833:
6827:
6821:
6815:
6804:
6798:
6792:
6786:
6777:
6771:
6765:
6759:
6753:
6747:
6741:
6735:
6729:
6723:
6717:
6711:
6705:
6699:
6693:
6687:
6681:
6675:
6662:
6656:
6647:
6641:
6635:
6629:
6623:
6617:
6611:
6605:
6599:
6593:
6587:
6581:
6575:
6569:
6560:
6554:
6548:
6542:
6536:
6530:
6524:
6518:
6512:
6506:
6500:
6494:
6488:
6482:
6476:
6470:
6464:
6458:
6452:
6446:
6440:
6434:
6428:
6422:
6416:
6410:
6404:
6398:
6392:
6386:
6380:
6374:
6368:
6362:
6349:
6343:
6337:
6331:
6325:
6319:
6310:
6304:
6298:
6297:, p. 56–62.
6292:
6283:
6277:
6271:
6265:
6259:
6253:
6247:
6241:
6235:
6229:
6223:
6217:
6211:
6205:
6194:
6188:
6182:
6176:
6170:
6164:
6155:
6149:
6143:
6137:
6131:
6125:
6106:
6100:
6094:
6088:
6082:
6076:
6070:
6064:
6058:
6052:
6046:
6040:
6034:
6028:
6019:
6018:
6007:
6001:
5995:
5989:
5983:
5977:
5971:
5962:
5956:
5947:
5941:
5935:
5929:
5920:
5914:
5908:
5902:
5896:
5890:
5879:
5873:
5867:
5861:
5855:
5849:
5843:
5837:
5831:
5825:
5814:
5808:
5799:
5793:
5787:
5781:
5775:
5769:
5763:
5757:
5751:
5745:
5739:
5733:
5727:
5721:
5715:
5709:
5703:
5697:
5691:
5685:
5679:
5673:
5664:
5658:
5652:
5646:
5640:
5634:
5628:
5622:
5616:
5610:
5604:
5598:
5592:
5586:
5580:
5574:
5568:
5562:
5553:
5547:
5538:
5532:
5526:
5520:
5514:
5508:
5502:
5496:
5490:
5484:
5478:
5472:
5457:
5451:
5440:
5434:
5428:
5422:
5416:
5410:
5404:
5398:
5389:
5383:
5377:
5371:
5365:
5359:
5353:
5347:
5341:
5335:
5329:
5323:
5317:
5311:
5305:
5299:
5293:
5287:
5278:
5272:
5266:
5260:
5254:
5248:
5242:
5236:
5227:
5221:
5212:
5206:
5193:
5187:
5176:
5170:
5161:
5155:
5144:
5138:
5132:
5126:
5120:
5114:
5108:
5102:
5091:
5085:
5079:
5073:
5067:
5061:
5055:
5049:
5043:
5037:
5031:
5025:
5014:
5008:
4999:
4993:
4987:
4981:
4975:
4969:
4963:
4957:
4951:
4945:
4939:
4933:
4927:
4921:
4915:
4909:
4903:
4897:
4891:
4885:
4879:
4873:
4786:
4780:
4774:
4768:
4762:
4756:
4750:
4744:
4738:
4732:
4726:
4720:
4711:
4705:
4699:
4693:
4687:
4681:
4675:
4669:
4663:
4657:
4651:
4645:
4639:
4633:
4627:
4621:
4615:
4609:
4603:
4597:
4591:
4585:
4579:
4573:
4567:
4566:, pp. 1–14.
4561:
4555:
4549:
4540:
4534:
4528:
4522:
4513:
4507:
4498:
4492:
4430:
4414:Josef Wurmheller
4403:
4387:Herbert Huppertz
4327:Hans "Assi" Hahn
4317:28 October 1940
4278:
4277:
4223:
4098:2 September 1940
4066:
4065:
4032:
3904:20 November 1941
3882:Karl-Heinz Krahl
3872:20 October 1940
3866:9 September 1940
3799:17 October 1939
3743:
3742:
3678:
3651:
3604:
3592:16 February 1941
3572:29 November 1940
3554:
3528:19 October 1940
3522:3 September 1940
3447:
3446:
3428:to surrender to
3408:, equipped with
3363:Luftflotte Reich
3351:Ludendorf Bridge
3308:3 (from 5), II.
3135:Luftflotte Reich
3087:Châtres-la-Forêt
3065:left France for
2977:Herbert Huppertz
2949:Luftflotte Reich
2941:Luftflotte Reich
2935:infantry weapon.
2860:Luftflotte Reich
2743:Leichenfledderei
2716:Poix-de-Picardie
2694:Georg-Peter Eder
2568:Groupe de Chasse
2535:British 8th Army
2475:Desert Air Force
2346:A was given the
2331:MG 151/20 cannon
2321:Eighth Air Force
2300:is unknown. The
2146:with 10 (8); 8.
2080:Air Vice Marshal
2023:Fairey Swordfish
2012:Gerhard Schöpfel
1921:Josef Wurmheller
1864:and the cruiser
1762:Circus offensive
1722:killed in action
1719:
1716:
1715:channel sickness
1713:
1710:
1707:
1692:Francisco Franco
1643:offensive". The
1597:Isle of Portland
1591:, 13 August 1940
1562:Weymouth, Dorset
1504:, recognised as
1475:Hans "Assi" Hahn
1355:32 from 34, II.
1234:mid-way between
1112:Bristol Blenheim
1060:Panzer Divisions
991:advance dto the
941:capture of Sedan
885:Battle of France
863:Battle of France
786:was assigned to
735:Groupe de Chasse
679:Polish Air Force
667:Nazi-Soviet Pact
398:, one of leader
314:fighter aircraft
239:Battle of France
182:
89:Fighter Aircraft
67:
65:
64:
35:
26:Jagdgeschwader 2
23:
22:
9077:
9076:
9072:
9071:
9070:
9068:
9067:
9066:
9042:
9041:
9038:
9028:
9023:
9021:
9018:
9014:sister projects
9011:at Knowledge's
9005:
8995:
8993:
8985:
8983:
8978:
8943:
8910:
8729:
8685:26 "Schlageter"
8643:
8625:
8595:
8589:
8576:
8570:
8552:Sims, Edward H.
8550:
8537:
8531:
8518:
8512:
8499:
8493:
8480:
8474:
8461:
8455:
8442:
8436:
8423:
8417:
8404:
8398:
8378:
8372:
8356:
8350:
8337:
8331:
8314:
8308:
8295:
8289:
8276:
8270:
8257:
8251:
8237:Bungay, Stephen
8235:
8231:
8229:Further reading
8226:
8220:
8197:
8178:
8155:
8132:
8113:
8094:
8075:
8056:
8033:
8010:
7987:
7965:
7943:
7921:
7902:
7876:
7854:
7840:Muller, Richard
7832:
7813:
7794:
7773:
7754:
7731:
7712:
7693:
7674:
7655:
7636:
7617:
7598:
7575:
7553:
7531:
7509:
7487:
7465:
7446:
7427:
7408:
7389:
7370:
7347:
7328:
7309:
7295:Bungay, Stephen
7287:
7270:
7265:
7257:
7250:
7242:
7238:
7230:
7221:
7213:
7206:
7198:
7191:
7183:
7179:
7171:
7167:
7159:
7152:
7144:
7140:
7132:
7128:
7120:
7116:
7108:
7104:
7096:
7092:
7084:
7080:
7072:
7068:
7060:
7056:
7048:
7044:
7036:
7032:
7024:
7020:
7012:
7008:
7000:
6996:
6988:
6984:
6976:
6972:
6964:
6960:
6952:
6948:
6940:
6929:
6921:
6914:
6906:
6902:
6894:
6887:
6879:
6872:
6864:
6860:
6852:
6848:
6840:
6836:
6828:
6824:
6816:
6807:
6799:
6795:
6787:
6780:
6772:
6768:
6760:
6756:
6748:
6744:
6736:
6732:
6724:
6720:
6712:
6708:
6700:
6696:
6688:
6684:
6676:
6665:
6657:
6650:
6642:
6638:
6630:
6626:
6618:
6614:
6606:
6602:
6594:
6590:
6582:
6578:
6570:
6563:
6555:
6551:
6543:
6539:
6531:
6527:
6519:
6515:
6507:
6503:
6495:
6491:
6483:
6479:
6471:
6467:
6459:
6455:
6447:
6443:
6435:
6431:
6423:
6419:
6411:
6407:
6399:
6395:
6387:
6383:
6375:
6371:
6363:
6352:
6344:
6340:
6332:
6328:
6320:
6313:
6305:
6301:
6293:
6286:
6278:
6274:
6266:
6262:
6254:
6250:
6242:
6238:
6230:
6226:
6218:
6214:
6206:
6197:
6189:
6185:
6177:
6173:
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6158:
6150:
6146:
6138:
6134:
6126:
6109:
6101:
6097:
6089:
6085:
6077:
6073:
6065:
6061:
6053:
6049:
6041:
6037:
6029:
6022:
6009:
6008:
6004:
5996:
5992:
5984:
5980:
5972:
5965:
5957:
5950:
5942:
5938:
5930:
5923:
5915:
5911:
5903:
5899:
5891:
5882:
5874:
5870:
5862:
5858:
5850:
5846:
5838:
5834:
5826:
5817:
5809:
5802:
5794:
5790:
5782:
5778:
5770:
5766:
5758:
5754:
5746:
5742:
5734:
5730:
5722:
5718:
5710:
5706:
5698:
5694:
5686:
5682:
5674:
5667:
5659:
5655:
5647:
5643:
5635:
5631:
5623:
5619:
5611:
5607:
5599:
5595:
5587:
5583:
5575:
5571:
5563:
5556:
5548:
5541:
5533:
5529:
5521:
5517:
5509:
5505:
5497:
5493:
5485:
5481:
5473:
5460:
5452:
5443:
5435:
5431:
5423:
5419:
5411:
5407:
5399:
5392:
5384:
5380:
5372:
5368:
5360:
5356:
5348:
5344:
5336:
5332:
5324:
5320:
5312:
5308:
5300:
5296:
5288:
5281:
5273:
5269:
5261:
5257:
5249:
5245:
5237:
5230:
5222:
5215:
5207:
5196:
5188:
5179:
5171:
5164:
5156:
5147:
5139:
5135:
5127:
5123:
5115:
5111:
5103:
5094:
5086:
5082:
5074:
5070:
5062:
5058:
5050:
5046:
5038:
5034:
5026:
5017:
5009:
5002:
4994:
4990:
4982:
4978:
4970:
4966:
4958:
4954:
4946:
4942:
4934:
4930:
4922:
4918:
4910:
4906:
4898:
4894:
4886:
4882:
4874:
4789:
4781:
4777:
4769:
4765:
4757:
4753:
4745:
4741:
4733:
4729:
4721:
4714:
4706:
4702:
4694:
4690:
4682:
4678:
4670:
4666:
4658:
4654:
4646:
4642:
4634:
4630:
4622:
4618:
4610:
4606:
4598:
4594:
4586:
4582:
4574:
4570:
4562:
4558:
4550:
4543:
4535:
4531:
4523:
4516:
4508:
4501:
4493:
4486:
4482:
4477:
4464:
4441:Siegfried Lemke
4426:
4399:
4331:29 October 1940
4276:
4172:Erich Rudorffer
4152:Erich Rudorffer
4064:
4028:
3886:20 October 1940
3828:17 October 1939
3719:
3710:
3674:
3647:
3600:
3550:
3542:20 October 1940
3474:Gerd von Massow
3442:
3393:8, assigned to
3379:Siegfried Lemke
3375:order of battle
3312:4 (8) and III.
3183:. II. and III.
3035:Staffelkapitäne
2921:
2901:Ninth Air Force
2881:kanalgeschwader
2755:Staffelkapitäne
2682:Staffelkapitain
2625:
2572:P-39 Airacobras
2550:shot down. The
2483:Julius Meimberg
2454:to Africa. II.
2448:Southern France
2389:Operation Torch
2386:
2326:Revi gun sights
2281:Dornier Do 217s
2227:Avro Lancasters
2083:Johnnie Johnson
2014:'s JG 26.
1848:61, supporting
1738:
1717:
1714:
1711:
1708:
1327:Air superiority
1315:
1301:, all but III.
1148:Operation Paula
1124:Westland Wapiti
1058:On 20 May, the
993:English Channel
977:Erich Rudorffer
953:No. 2 Group RAF
865:
659:
509:interwar period
448:Royal Air Force
388:
372:Fliegerdivision
360:Fliegerdivision
294:
288:
247:English Channel
189:
160:
153:
109:
107:Surgical strike
105:
101:
99:Air superiority
62:
60:
51:
38:
21:
12:
11:
5:
9075:
9065:
9064:
9059:
9054:
9037:
9036:
9007:
9004:
9003:
8980:
8979:
8977:
8976:
8968:
8960:
8956:Jagdgeschwader
8951:
8949:
8945:
8944:
8942:
8941:
8934:
8929:
8924:
8918:
8916:
8912:
8911:
8909:
8908:
8903:
8898:
8893:
8888:
8883:
8878:
8873:
8868:
8863:
8858:
8853:
8848:
8843:
8838:
8833:
8828:
8823:
8818:
8813:
8808:
8803:
8798:
8793:
8788:
8783:
8778:
8773:
8768:
8763:
8758:
8753:
8748:
8743:
8737:
8735:
8731:
8730:
8728:
8727:
8722:
8717:
8712:
8707:
8702:
8697:
8692:
8687:
8682:
8677:
8672:
8667:
8662:
8660:2 "Richthofen"
8657:
8651:
8649:
8645:
8644:
8639:wings) of the
8633:Jagdgeschwader
8624:
8623:
8616:
8609:
8601:
8594:
8593:
8587:
8574:
8568:
8548:
8535:
8529:
8516:
8510:
8497:
8491:
8478:
8472:
8459:
8453:
8440:
8434:
8421:
8415:
8402:
8396:
8376:
8370:
8358:Franks, Norman
8354:
8348:
8335:
8329:
8312:
8306:
8293:
8287:
8274:
8268:
8255:
8249:
8232:
8230:
8227:
8225:
8224:
8218:
8201:
8195:
8182:
8176:
8166:. London, UK:
8159:
8153:
8143:. London, UK:
8136:
8130:
8117:
8111:
8098:
8092:
8079:
8073:
8060:
8054:
8037:
8031:
8014:
8008:
7991:
7985:
7969:
7963:
7947:
7941:
7925:
7919:
7906:
7900:
7880:
7874:
7858:
7852:
7836:
7830:
7817:
7811:
7798:
7793:978-2372973281
7792:
7777:
7771:
7758:
7753:978-0714681498
7752:
7735:
7729:
7716:
7710:
7697:
7691:
7678:
7672:
7659:
7653:
7640:
7634:
7621:
7616:978-0356038155
7615:
7602:
7596:
7579:
7574:978-1473847224
7573:
7561:Franks, Norman
7557:
7551:
7539:Franks, Norman
7535:
7529:
7517:Franks, Norman
7513:
7507:
7495:Franks, Norman
7491:
7486:978-1852603441
7485:
7473:Franks, Norman
7469:
7463:
7450:
7445:978-0857337894
7444:
7431:
7425:
7412:
7406:
7393:
7388:978-1349574155
7387:
7374:
7368:
7351:
7345:
7332:
7326:
7313:
7307:
7291:
7285:
7271:
7269:
7266:
7264:
7263:
7248:
7236:
7234:, p. 122.
7219:
7217:, p. 111.
7204:
7202:, p. 107.
7189:
7177:
7165:
7163:, p. 115.
7150:
7148:, p. 295.
7138:
7136:, p. 152.
7126:
7124:, p. 416.
7114:
7102:
7090:
7078:
7066:
7064:, p. 414.
7054:
7042:
7040:, p. 267.
7030:
7028:, p. 234.
7018:
7016:, p. 190.
7006:
7004:, p. 170.
6994:
6982:
6970:
6958:
6956:, p. 124.
6946:
6944:, p. 113.
6927:
6925:, p. 112.
6912:
6900:
6885:
6870:
6858:
6856:, p. 191.
6846:
6844:, p. 169.
6834:
6822:
6805:
6793:
6791:, p. 107.
6778:
6776:, p. 195.
6766:
6754:
6742:
6740:, p. 139.
6730:
6728:, p. 137.
6718:
6716:, p. 103.
6706:
6694:
6682:
6680:, p. 102.
6663:
6661:, p. 101.
6648:
6646:, p. 100.
6636:
6624:
6612:
6600:
6588:
6576:
6561:
6549:
6537:
6525:
6513:
6501:
6489:
6477:
6475:, p. 485.
6465:
6463:, p. 107.
6453:
6441:
6429:
6417:
6405:
6393:
6381:
6369:
6350:
6348:, pp. 59.
6338:
6326:
6311:
6299:
6284:
6272:
6260:
6248:
6236:
6224:
6212:
6210:, p. 131.
6195:
6183:
6171:
6169:, p. 121.
6156:
6144:
6132:
6107:
6095:
6083:
6071:
6059:
6057:, p. 115.
6047:
6045:, p. 204.
6035:
6020:
6002:
5990:
5978:
5963:
5961:, p. 113.
5948:
5936:
5921:
5919:, p. 146.
5909:
5897:
5880:
5868:
5866:, p. 114.
5856:
5854:, p. 157.
5844:
5842:, p. 129.
5832:
5815:
5800:
5798:, p. 125.
5788:
5776:
5764:
5752:
5750:, p. 119.
5740:
5728:
5726:, p. 110.
5716:
5714:, p. 109.
5704:
5692:
5690:, p. 139.
5680:
5665:
5653:
5641:
5629:
5617:
5605:
5593:
5581:
5579:, p. 246.
5577:Bergström 2015
5569:
5567:, p. 249.
5565:Bergström 2015
5554:
5539:
5537:, p. 191.
5527:
5525:, p. 146.
5515:
5503:
5491:
5479:
5458:
5441:
5439:, p. 175.
5437:Bergström 2015
5429:
5417:
5405:
5403:, p. 152.
5401:Bergström 2015
5390:
5378:
5376:, p. 170.
5366:
5354:
5342:
5340:, p. 208.
5330:
5318:
5316:, p. 235.
5306:
5304:, p. 227.
5294:
5292:, p. 229.
5279:
5277:, p. 224.
5267:
5255:
5243:
5241:, p. 300.
5239:Bergström 2015
5228:
5213:
5194:
5177:
5162:
5145:
5133:
5121:
5109:
5107:, p. 188.
5092:
5080:
5078:, p. 258.
5068:
5056:
5044:
5032:
5015:
5000:
4998:, p. 133.
4988:
4986:, p. 252.
4976:
4964:
4952:
4940:
4938:, p. 247.
4928:
4916:
4904:
4892:
4880:
4878:, p. 118.
4787:
4775:
4763:
4751:
4749:, p. 116.
4739:
4727:
4712:
4700:
4688:
4676:
4664:
4662:, pp. 22.
4652:
4640:
4628:
4626:, p. 162.
4616:
4604:
4592:
4580:
4568:
4556:
4541:
4529:
4514:
4512:, p. 117.
4499:
4497:, p. 106.
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4472:
4471:
4463:
4456:
4453:
4452:
4449:
4446:
4443:
4433:
4432:
4422:
4419:
4416:
4406:
4405:
4395:
4392:
4389:
4379:
4378:
4375:
4372:
4369:
4359:
4358:
4355:
4352:
4349:
4339:
4338:
4337:November 1942
4335:
4332:
4329:
4319:
4318:
4315:
4312:
4309:
4299:
4298:
4295:
4292:
4289:
4275:
4268:
4265:
4264:
4261:
4258:
4255:
4247:
4246:
4245:February 1945
4243:
4240:
4239:1 January 1945
4237:
4227:
4226:
4217:
4214:
4211:
4210:Georg Schröder
4203:
4202:
4199:
4196:
4193:
4183:
4182:
4179:
4176:
4173:
4165:
4164:
4161:
4158:
4155:
4144:
4143:
4140:
4137:
4134:
4132:Adolf Dickfeld
4124:
4123:
4122:December 1942
4120:
4117:
4114:
4106:
4105:
4102:
4099:
4096:
4086:
4085:
4082:
4079:
4076:
4063:
4056:
4053:
4052:
4049:
4046:
4043:
4042:Heinz Eichhoff
4035:
4034:
4024:
4021:
4018:
4016:Franz Hrdlicka
4008:
4007:
4006:February 1945
4004:
4001:
3998:
3990:
3989:
3988:December 1944
3986:
3983:
3982:September 1944
3980:
3970:
3969:
3966:
3963:
3960:
3950:
3949:
3946:
3943:
3940:
3932:
3931:
3928:
3925:
3922:
3912:
3911:
3908:
3905:
3902:
3901:Ignaz Prestele
3894:
3893:
3890:
3887:
3884:
3874:
3873:
3870:
3867:
3864:
3854:
3853:
3850:
3847:
3844:
3836:
3835:
3832:
3829:
3826:
3818:
3817:
3816:of JG 2.
3801:
3800:
3797:
3794:
3791:
3788:Oberstleutnant
3783:
3782:
3779:
3776:
3773:
3763:
3762:
3759:
3756:
3753:
3718:
3711:
3709:
3704:
3701:
3700:
3697:
3694:
3691:
3686:Oberstleutnant
3681:
3680:
3670:
3667:
3664:
3654:
3653:
3643:
3640:
3637:
3627:
3626:
3623:
3620:
3617:
3612:Oberstleutnant
3607:
3606:
3596:
3593:
3590:
3580:
3579:
3576:
3573:
3570:
3557:
3556:
3546:
3543:
3540:
3530:
3529:
3526:
3523:
3520:
3510:
3509:
3506:
3503:
3500:
3490:
3489:
3485:
3484:
3483:31 March 1940
3481:
3478:
3475:
3467:
3466:
3463:
3460:
3457:
3455:Johann Raithel
3441:
3438:
3430:General Patton
3412:jets based at
3267:Franz Hrdlicka
3257:, home to the
3005:Oberstleutnant
2920:
2917:
2883:, forming the
2769:once more. 4.
2624:
2621:
2564:Armée de l’Air
2444:Adolf Dickfeld
2425:in the theatre
2385:
2382:
2289:Jagdgeschwader
2275:. 11. (Höhen)
2255:supported the
2207:Hawker Typhoon
2118:(excluding 6.
2035:Victoria Cross
2027:Brian Kingcome
2019:Eugene Esmonde
1976:Mont-de-Marsan
1888:WĂĽrzburg radar
1876:Charles Portal
1830:Oberstleutnant
1820:Jagdgeschwader
1813:Jagdgeschwader
1806:Jagdgeschwader
1783:Hugh Trenchard
1754:Sholto Douglas
1737:
1734:
1701:Kanalkrankheit
1696:combat fatigue
1661:Werner Mölders
1645:"Jabo" attacks
1641:fighter-bomber
1534:Greater London
1498:Werner Machold
1393:Staffelkapitän
1314:
1311:
1299:United Kingdom
1293:. Stab and I.
1182:; I. and III.
1041:Heinkel He 111
1037:fighter escort
1025:Signy-le-Petit
864:
861:
805:, I. and III.
741:Armée de l’Air
658:
655:
560:Jagdgeschwader
555:Heinkel He 112
492:Johann Raithel
485:respectively.
465:Jagdgeschwader
396:Hermann Göring
387:
384:
348:roman numerals
335:Staffelkapitän
310:Jagdgeschwader
290:Main article:
287:
284:
187:
184:
183:
176:
170:
169:
165:
164:
155:
149:
148:
144:
143:
138:
134:
133:
128:
124:
123:
121:Air force wing
118:
114:
113:
111:Fighter escort
103:Fighter bomber
96:
92:
91:
86:
82:
81:
76:
72:
71:
58:
54:
53:
44:
40:
39:
36:
28:
27:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9074:
9063:
9060:
9058:
9055:
9053:
9050:
9049:
9047:
9040:
9033:
9032:
9020:
9019:
9016:
9010:
9002:
8992:
8991:
8988:
8975:
8973:
8969:
8967:
8965:
8961:
8959:
8957:
8953:
8952:
8950:
8946:
8940:
8939:
8935:
8933:
8930:
8928:
8925:
8923:
8920:
8919:
8917:
8913:
8907:
8904:
8902:
8899:
8897:
8894:
8892:
8889:
8887:
8884:
8882:
8879:
8877:
8874:
8872:
8869:
8867:
8864:
8862:
8859:
8857:
8854:
8852:
8849:
8847:
8844:
8842:
8839:
8837:
8834:
8832:
8829:
8827:
8824:
8822:
8819:
8817:
8814:
8812:
8809:
8807:
8804:
8802:
8799:
8797:
8794:
8792:
8789:
8787:
8784:
8782:
8779:
8777:
8774:
8772:
8769:
8767:
8764:
8762:
8759:
8757:
8754:
8752:
8749:
8747:
8744:
8742:
8739:
8738:
8736:
8732:
8726:
8723:
8721:
8718:
8716:
8713:
8711:
8708:
8706:
8705:54 "GrĂĽnherz"
8703:
8701:
8698:
8696:
8693:
8691:
8688:
8686:
8683:
8681:
8678:
8676:
8673:
8671:
8668:
8666:
8663:
8661:
8658:
8656:
8653:
8652:
8650:
8646:
8642:
8638:
8634:
8630:
8622:
8617:
8615:
8610:
8608:
8603:
8602:
8599:
8590:
8584:
8580:
8575:
8571:
8565:
8561:
8557:
8553:
8549:
8545:
8541:
8536:
8532:
8526:
8522:
8517:
8513:
8507:
8503:
8498:
8494:
8488:
8484:
8479:
8475:
8469:
8465:
8460:
8456:
8450:
8446:
8441:
8437:
8431:
8427:
8422:
8418:
8412:
8408:
8403:
8399:
8393:
8389:
8385:
8381:
8377:
8373:
8367:
8363:
8359:
8355:
8351:
8345:
8341:
8336:
8332:
8326:
8322:
8318:
8313:
8309:
8303:
8299:
8294:
8290:
8284:
8280:
8275:
8271:
8265:
8261:
8256:
8252:
8246:
8242:
8238:
8234:
8233:
8221:
8215:
8211:
8207:
8202:
8198:
8192:
8188:
8183:
8179:
8173:
8169:
8165:
8160:
8156:
8150:
8146:
8142:
8137:
8133:
8127:
8123:
8118:
8114:
8108:
8104:
8099:
8095:
8089:
8085:
8080:
8076:
8070:
8066:
8061:
8057:
8051:
8047:
8043:
8038:
8034:
8028:
8024:
8020:
8015:
8011:
8005:
8001:
7997:
7992:
7988:
7982:
7978:
7974:
7973:Price, Alfred
7970:
7966:
7964:1-85367-440-0
7960:
7956:
7952:
7951:Price, Alfred
7948:
7944:
7938:
7934:
7930:
7929:Price, Alfred
7926:
7922:
7916:
7912:
7907:
7903:
7897:
7893:
7889:
7885:
7881:
7877:
7871:
7867:
7863:
7859:
7855:
7849:
7845:
7841:
7837:
7833:
7827:
7823:
7818:
7814:
7808:
7804:
7799:
7795:
7789:
7785:
7784:
7778:
7774:
7772:1-902109-40-6
7768:
7764:
7759:
7755:
7749:
7745:
7743:
7736:
7732:
7726:
7722:
7717:
7713:
7707:
7703:
7698:
7694:
7688:
7684:
7679:
7675:
7669:
7665:
7660:
7656:
7650:
7646:
7641:
7637:
7631:
7627:
7622:
7618:
7612:
7608:
7603:
7599:
7593:
7589:
7585:
7580:
7576:
7570:
7566:
7562:
7558:
7554:
7552:1-904943-43-8
7548:
7544:
7540:
7536:
7532:
7526:
7522:
7518:
7514:
7510:
7504:
7500:
7496:
7492:
7488:
7482:
7478:
7474:
7470:
7466:
7460:
7456:
7451:
7447:
7441:
7437:
7432:
7428:
7422:
7418:
7413:
7409:
7403:
7399:
7394:
7390:
7384:
7380:
7375:
7371:
7365:
7361:
7357:
7352:
7348:
7342:
7338:
7333:
7329:
7323:
7319:
7314:
7310:
7304:
7300:
7296:
7292:
7288:
7282:
7278:
7273:
7272:
7261:, p. 98.
7260:
7255:
7253:
7246:, p. 98.
7245:
7240:
7233:
7228:
7226:
7224:
7216:
7211:
7209:
7201:
7196:
7194:
7186:
7181:
7174:
7169:
7162:
7157:
7155:
7147:
7142:
7135:
7130:
7123:
7118:
7112:, p. 88.
7111:
7106:
7100:, p. 62.
7099:
7094:
7087:
7082:
7075:
7070:
7063:
7058:
7051:
7046:
7039:
7034:
7027:
7022:
7015:
7010:
7003:
6998:
6991:
6986:
6979:
6974:
6968:, p. 96.
6967:
6962:
6955:
6950:
6943:
6938:
6936:
6934:
6932:
6924:
6919:
6917:
6910:, p. 65.
6909:
6904:
6897:
6892:
6890:
6882:
6877:
6875:
6867:
6862:
6855:
6850:
6843:
6838:
6831:
6826:
6820:, p. 25.
6819:
6814:
6812:
6810:
6803:, p. 27.
6802:
6797:
6790:
6785:
6783:
6775:
6774:Caldwell 1998
6770:
6763:
6758:
6751:
6746:
6739:
6734:
6727:
6722:
6715:
6710:
6703:
6698:
6691:
6686:
6679:
6674:
6672:
6670:
6668:
6660:
6655:
6653:
6645:
6640:
6634:, p. 99.
6633:
6628:
6621:
6616:
6609:
6604:
6597:
6592:
6585:
6580:
6574:, p. 93.
6573:
6568:
6566:
6559:, p. 92.
6558:
6553:
6546:
6541:
6534:
6529:
6522:
6517:
6510:
6505:
6498:
6493:
6486:
6481:
6474:
6469:
6462:
6457:
6451:, p. 91.
6450:
6445:
6438:
6433:
6427:, p. 81.
6426:
6421:
6415:, p. 62.
6414:
6409:
6403:, p. 59.
6402:
6397:
6390:
6385:
6378:
6373:
6366:
6361:
6359:
6357:
6355:
6347:
6342:
6336:, p. 73.
6335:
6330:
6324:, p. 26.
6323:
6318:
6316:
6309:, p. 59.
6308:
6303:
6296:
6291:
6289:
6282:, p. 49.
6281:
6276:
6270:, p. 87.
6269:
6264:
6257:
6252:
6245:
6240:
6234:, p. 74.
6233:
6228:
6222:, p. 88.
6221:
6216:
6209:
6204:
6202:
6200:
6193:, p. 94.
6192:
6187:
6181:, p. 84.
6180:
6175:
6168:
6163:
6161:
6153:
6148:
6141:
6136:
6129:
6124:
6122:
6120:
6118:
6116:
6114:
6112:
6105:, p. 84.
6104:
6099:
6092:
6087:
6081:, p. 83.
6080:
6075:
6068:
6063:
6056:
6051:
6044:
6043:Caldwell 1996
6039:
6032:
6027:
6025:
6016:
6012:
6006:
6000:, p. 74.
5999:
5994:
5988:, p. 72.
5987:
5982:
5975:
5970:
5968:
5960:
5955:
5953:
5945:
5940:
5933:
5928:
5926:
5918:
5917:Caldwell 1996
5913:
5906:
5901:
5895:, p. 80.
5894:
5889:
5887:
5885:
5878:, p. 30.
5877:
5872:
5865:
5860:
5853:
5852:Caldwell 1996
5848:
5841:
5836:
5829:
5824:
5822:
5820:
5813:, p. 77.
5812:
5807:
5805:
5797:
5792:
5786:, p. 75.
5785:
5780:
5773:
5768:
5761:
5756:
5749:
5744:
5737:
5732:
5725:
5720:
5713:
5708:
5701:
5696:
5689:
5688:Caldwell 1996
5684:
5677:
5672:
5670:
5662:
5657:
5651:, p. 25.
5650:
5645:
5639:, p. 66.
5638:
5633:
5627:, p. 76.
5626:
5621:
5615:, p. 36.
5614:
5613:Michulec 2002
5609:
5602:
5597:
5591:, p. 67.
5590:
5585:
5578:
5573:
5566:
5561:
5559:
5552:, p. 91.
5551:
5546:
5544:
5536:
5531:
5524:
5519:
5513:, p. 52.
5512:
5507:
5501:, p. 12.
5500:
5495:
5488:
5483:
5477:, p. 64.
5476:
5471:
5469:
5467:
5465:
5463:
5456:, p. 62.
5455:
5450:
5448:
5446:
5438:
5433:
5426:
5421:
5414:
5409:
5402:
5397:
5395:
5387:
5382:
5375:
5370:
5363:
5358:
5351:
5346:
5339:
5334:
5327:
5322:
5315:
5310:
5303:
5298:
5291:
5286:
5284:
5276:
5271:
5264:
5259:
5253:, p. 46.
5252:
5247:
5240:
5235:
5233:
5226:, p. 47.
5225:
5220:
5218:
5211:, p. 98.
5210:
5205:
5203:
5201:
5199:
5192:, p. 44.
5191:
5186:
5184:
5182:
5175:, p. 45.
5174:
5169:
5167:
5160:, p. 43.
5159:
5154:
5152:
5150:
5142:
5137:
5131:, p. 33.
5130:
5125:
5118:
5113:
5106:
5101:
5099:
5097:
5089:
5084:
5077:
5072:
5065:
5060:
5054:, p. 41.
5053:
5048:
5041:
5036:
5030:, p. 39.
5029:
5024:
5022:
5020:
5013:, p. 36.
5012:
5007:
5005:
4997:
4992:
4985:
4980:
4973:
4968:
4962:, p. 58.
4961:
4956:
4949:
4944:
4937:
4932:
4925:
4920:
4914:, p. 48.
4913:
4908:
4901:
4896:
4889:
4884:
4877:
4872:
4870:
4868:
4866:
4864:
4862:
4860:
4858:
4856:
4854:
4852:
4850:
4848:
4846:
4844:
4842:
4840:
4838:
4836:
4834:
4832:
4830:
4828:
4826:
4824:
4822:
4820:
4818:
4816:
4814:
4812:
4810:
4808:
4806:
4804:
4802:
4800:
4798:
4796:
4794:
4792:
4785:, p. 32.
4784:
4779:
4773:, p. 26.
4772:
4767:
4761:, p. 33.
4760:
4755:
4748:
4743:
4736:
4731:
4725:, p. 25.
4724:
4719:
4717:
4710:, p. 24.
4709:
4704:
4697:
4692:
4685:
4680:
4674:, p. 79.
4673:
4668:
4661:
4656:
4650:, p. 75.
4649:
4644:
4638:, p. 17.
4637:
4632:
4625:
4620:
4614:, p. 86.
4613:
4608:
4601:
4596:
4589:
4584:
4578:, p. 10.
4577:
4572:
4565:
4560:
4554:, p. 75.
4553:
4548:
4546:
4538:
4533:
4527:, p. 32.
4526:
4521:
4519:
4511:
4506:
4504:
4496:
4491:
4489:
4484:
4469:
4466:
4465:
4461:
4450:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4435:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4423:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4408:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4396:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4381:
4380:
4376:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4361:
4360:
4357:30 June 1943
4356:
4353:
4351:November 1942
4350:
4348:
4345:
4341:
4340:
4336:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4321:
4320:
4316:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4301:
4300:
4296:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4284:
4280:
4279:
4273:
4262:
4259:
4257:February 1945
4256:
4253:
4249:
4248:
4244:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4235:Walter Matoni
4233:
4229:
4228:
4224:
4218:
4215:
4212:
4209:
4205:
4204:
4200:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4191:Kurt BĂĽhligen
4189:
4185:
4184:
4180:
4177:
4174:
4171:
4167:
4166:
4162:
4159:
4156:
4153:
4150:
4146:
4145:
4142:January 1943
4141:
4138:
4136:December 1942
4135:
4133:
4130:
4126:
4125:
4121:
4118:
4115:
4112:
4108:
4107:
4103:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4088:
4087:
4083:
4080:
4078:November 1939
4077:
4075:
4072:
4068:
4067:
4061:
4050:
4047:
4045:26 March 1945
4044:
4041:
4037:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4025:
4022:
4020:February 1945
4019:
4017:
4014:
4010:
4009:
4005:
4002:
4000:December 1944
3999:
3996:
3992:
3991:
3987:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3978:Walter Matoni
3976:
3972:
3971:
3967:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3958:Erich Hohagen
3956:
3952:
3951:
3947:
3944:
3941:
3938:
3934:
3933:
3930:January 1943
3929:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3914:
3913:
3909:
3906:
3903:
3900:
3896:
3895:
3891:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3876:
3875:
3871:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3856:
3855:
3851:
3848:
3845:
3842:
3838:
3837:
3834:22 June 1940
3833:
3830:
3827:
3824:
3820:
3819:
3815:
3811:
3807:
3802:
3798:
3795:
3792:
3789:
3785:
3784:
3781:1 April 1936
3780:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3765:
3764:
3761:1 April 1935
3760:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3745:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3732:
3728:
3724:
3716:
3708:
3698:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3689:Kurt BĂĽhligen
3687:
3683:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3671:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3656:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3644:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3629:
3628:
3624:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3609:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3597:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3582:
3581:
3577:
3574:
3571:
3568:
3565:
3564:
3559:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3547:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3532:
3531:
3527:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3512:
3511:
3507:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3492:
3491:
3486:
3482:
3479:
3476:
3473:
3469:
3468:
3464:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3449:
3448:
3445:
3437:
3435:
3434:US Third Army
3431:
3427:
3423:
3419:
3415:
3411:
3407:
3404:
3400:
3398:
3392:
3388:
3384:
3380:
3376:
3372:
3368:
3364:
3360:
3356:
3352:
3347:
3343:
3339:
3329:
3325:
3323:
3319:
3315:
3311:
3307:
3301:
3298:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3280:
3276:
3272:
3271:Walter Matoni
3268:
3264:
3260:
3256:
3252:
3248:
3243:
3241:
3236:
3232:
3228:
3223:
3219:
3215:
3211:
3207:
3202:
3198:
3194:
3190:
3186:
3182:
3178:
3174:
3170:
3166:
3161:
3158:
3153:
3149:
3144:
3140:
3136:
3132:
3127:
3123:
3119:
3111:
3107:
3102:
3098:
3096:
3092:
3088:
3084:
3080:
3076:
3072:
3068:
3064:
3060:
3056:
3052:
3048:
3044:
3040:
3036:
3031:
3027:
3022:
3018:
3014:
3010:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2994:
2990:
2986:
2982:
2978:
2974:
2969:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2946:
2942:
2934:
2930:
2925:
2916:
2914:
2909:
2906:
2902:
2898:
2893:
2889:
2888:
2882:
2878:
2874:
2873:Wilhelmshaven
2870:
2866:
2862:
2861:
2855:
2853:
2849:
2848:MK 108 cannon
2844:
2840:
2834:
2832:
2828:
2824:
2820:
2816:
2812:
2808:
2804:
2798:
2796:
2792:
2788:
2784:
2780:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2739:Josef Priller
2736:
2732:
2723:
2719:
2717:
2713:
2709:
2705:
2704:heavy bombers
2700:
2695:
2691:
2687:
2683:
2677:
2673:
2671:
2667:
2666:bomber stream
2662:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2649:Saint-Nazaire
2646:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2620:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2600:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2581:
2580:94th Squadron
2577:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2548:
2545:was based at
2544:
2540:
2539:Italian Libya
2536:
2527:
2523:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2508:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2467:
2465:
2461:
2458:arrived from
2457:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2429:Run for Tunis
2426:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2381:
2378:
2373:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2356:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2339:
2336:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2318:
2313:
2311:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2271:at Cherbourg-
2270:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2228:
2224:
2223:Augsburg raid
2220:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2198:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2171:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2084:
2081:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2038:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2008:Fleet Air Arm
2005:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1928:
1924:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1909:Rudolf Pflanz
1905:
1901:
1897:
1896:Bay of Biscay
1893:
1889:
1885:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1869:
1868:
1863:
1862:
1857:
1856:
1851:
1847:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1821:
1816:
1814:
1809:
1807:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1788:
1784:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1736:Channel Front
1733:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1703:
1702:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1684:
1679:
1678:
1673:
1671:
1666:
1665:Adolf Galland
1662:
1657:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1573:
1569:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1494:Kurt BĂĽhligen
1491:
1487:
1484:airfields at
1483:
1482:Pas de Calais
1478:
1476:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1448:
1447:Junkers Ju 87
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1401:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1333:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1310:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1267:
1263:
1261:
1257:
1256:
1251:
1250:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1144:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1118:claimed five
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1056:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1023:had moved to
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
870:
860:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
840:
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
813:
808:
804:
800:
797:and based at
796:
792:
790:
785:
781:
777:
773:
771:
766:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
742:
737:
736:
731:
727:
724:were sent to
723:
719:
715:
711:
706:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
654:
653:at the time.
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
619:night fighter
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
583:
574:
569:
565:
563:
561:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
539:
534:
530:
526:
522:
521:Heinkel He 51
518:
514:
510:
505:
503:
499:
498:
493:
490:
489:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
466:
461:
457:
453:
449:
444:
440:
437:was visiting
436:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
408:German Empire
405:
401:
397:
393:
383:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
336:
331:
330:
325:
324:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
293:
283:
280:
279:
273:
271:
267:
263:
258:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
215:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
188:Military unit
181:
177:
175:
171:
166:
163:
159:
156:
150:
145:
142:
139:
135:
132:
129:
125:
122:
119:
115:
112:
108:
104:
100:
97:
93:
90:
87:
83:
80:
77:
73:
70:
59:
55:
49:
45:
41:
37:Unit insignia
34:
29:
24:
19:
9039:
9034:from Commons
9029:
9008:
8971:
8963:
8955:
8936:
8710:77 "Herz As"
8695:51 "Mölders"
8659:
8632:
8578:
8559:
8555:
8543:
8539:
8520:
8501:
8482:
8463:
8444:
8425:
8406:
8386:. Maryland:
8383:
8361:
8342:. Red Kite.
8339:
8316:
8297:
8278:
8259:
8240:
8205:
8186:
8163:
8140:
8121:
8102:
8083:
8064:
8045:
8041:
8022:
8018:
7999:
7995:
7976:
7954:
7932:
7910:
7887:
7865:
7843:
7821:
7802:
7782:
7762:
7739:
7720:
7701:
7682:
7663:
7644:
7625:
7606:
7586:. New York:
7583:
7564:
7542:
7520:
7498:
7476:
7454:
7435:
7416:
7397:
7378:
7359:
7336:
7317:
7298:
7276:
7268:Bibliography
7239:
7180:
7168:
7141:
7129:
7117:
7105:
7093:
7081:
7069:
7057:
7045:
7033:
7021:
7009:
6997:
6985:
6973:
6961:
6949:
6903:
6861:
6849:
6837:
6825:
6818:Douglas 2016
6796:
6769:
6757:
6745:
6733:
6721:
6709:
6697:
6685:
6639:
6627:
6615:
6603:
6591:
6579:
6552:
6540:
6528:
6516:
6504:
6492:
6480:
6468:
6456:
6444:
6432:
6420:
6408:
6396:
6384:
6372:
6341:
6329:
6302:
6275:
6263:
6251:
6239:
6227:
6215:
6186:
6174:
6147:
6135:
6098:
6086:
6074:
6062:
6050:
6038:
6014:
6005:
5993:
5981:
5939:
5912:
5900:
5876:Foreman 1993
5871:
5859:
5847:
5835:
5791:
5779:
5767:
5755:
5743:
5731:
5719:
5707:
5702:, p. 7.
5700:Foreman 1993
5695:
5683:
5656:
5644:
5632:
5620:
5608:
5601:Campion 2015
5596:
5584:
5572:
5530:
5518:
5506:
5494:
5482:
5432:
5420:
5408:
5381:
5369:
5357:
5345:
5333:
5321:
5309:
5297:
5270:
5258:
5246:
5136:
5124:
5112:
5083:
5071:
5059:
5047:
5035:
4991:
4979:
4972:Jackson 1974
4967:
4960:Jackson 1974
4955:
4943:
4931:
4919:
4912:Hooton 2007b
4907:
4895:
4888:Hooton 2007b
4883:
4783:Hooton 2007b
4778:
4766:
4759:Jackson 1974
4754:
4742:
4730:
4703:
4691:
4679:
4672:Hooton 2007b
4667:
4655:
4648:Hooton 2007a
4643:
4631:
4619:
4607:
4595:
4583:
4571:
4559:
4532:
4467:
4459:
4437:
4427:
4410:
4400:
4383:
4367:Bruno Stolle
4363:
4343:
4323:
4307:Otto Bertram
4303:
4282:
4271:
4251:
4231:
4207:
4187:
4181:August 1943
4169:
4157:January 1943
4149:Oberleutnant
4148:
4129:Oberleutnant
4128:
4110:
4090:
4070:
4059:
4040:Oberleutnant
4039:
4029:
4012:
3994:
3974:
3954:
3942:January 1943
3936:
3916:
3898:
3878:
3858:
3846:22 June 1940
3840:
3822:
3813:
3809:
3805:
3793:1 April 1936
3787:
3775:1 April 1935
3767:
3747:
3734:
3730:
3726:
3722:
3720:
3714:
3706:
3685:
3675:
3658:
3648:
3631:
3615:Walter Oesau
3611:
3601:
3584:
3561:
3551:
3534:
3514:
3502:1 April 1940
3494:
3471:
3465:8 June 1936
3459:1 April 1936
3451:
3443:
3421:
3417:
3402:
3397:Fliegerkorps
3396:
3390:
3386:
3382:
3370:
3362:
3341:
3334:
3321:
3317:
3313:
3309:
3305:
3302:
3282:
3274:
3265:. Hauptmann
3255:Sint-Truiden
3250:
3244:
3221:
3217:
3200:
3196:
3184:
3180:
3168:
3162:
3151:
3147:
3138:
3134:
3130:
3125:
3117:
3115:
3109:
3105:
3094:
3082:
3078:
3070:
3062:
3058:
3054:
3050:
3042:
3038:
3034:
3029:
3025:
3020:
3004:
2999:was sent to
2996:
2988:
2972:
2970:
2964:
2956:
2952:
2948:
2944:
2940:
2938:
2912:
2904:
2891:
2886:
2880:
2858:
2856:
2851:
2835:
2799:
2797:formations.
2782:
2778:
2774:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2730:
2728:
2707:
2698:
2689:
2686:Bruno Stolle
2681:
2678:
2674:
2670:tail gunners
2660:
2656:
2655:but cost 8.
2636:
2626:
2615:
2601:
2595:
2567:
2563:
2551:
2542:
2532:
2519:
2515:
2501:from the US
2494:
2490:
2486:
2470:
2468:
2460:Santo Pietro
2455:
2441:Oberleutnant
2440:
2436:
2401:Vichy France
2387:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2357:
2340:
2314:
2310:130 Squadron
2306:Minden Blake
2301:
2297:
2288:
2276:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2247:, a raid on
2242:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2199:
2194:
2190:
2187:Air Ministry
2174:
2172:
2159:
2155:
2152:Saint-Brieuc
2147:
2139:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2100:Stabsschwarm
2099:
2087:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2061:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2044:. All three
2039:
1996:Kriegsmarine
1984:Rocquancourt
1971:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1935:
1933:
1916:
1903:
1899:
1880:
1865:
1859:
1853:
1845:
1840:
1833:Walter Oesau
1829:
1825:
1819:
1812:
1805:
1802:
1766:Soviet Union
1750:North Africa
1745:
1741:
1739:
1725:
1699:
1681:
1675:
1669:
1658:
1652:
1649:Otto Bertram
1608:
1594:
1579:Paul Temme,
1577:Oberleutnant
1576:
1565:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1536:, beginning
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1479:
1469:
1449:
1441:
1437:
1425:
1421:609 Squadron
1416:
1415:, while the
1408:
1402:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1330:
1316:
1302:
1294:
1282:
1278:
1272:
1259:
1253:
1247:
1227:
1219:
1207:
1203:
1191:
1183:
1175:
1171:
1163:
1159:
1145:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1115:
1103:
1091:
1057:
1032:
1020:
1004:
996:
989:Army Group A
984:
972:
960:
932:
916:
908:
904:
896:
888:
866:
856:
852:
848:
844:
838:
829:
825:
821:
818:Hugo Sperrle
811:
806:
802:
788:
783:
775:
769:
761:
745:
739:
733:
721:
717:
707:
702:
695:East Prussia
689:, to fly to
686:
682:
660:
657:World War II
650:
646:
642:
638:
623:Oberleutnant
622:
614:
606:
605:formed III.
598:
590:
587:Obstleutnant
586:
580:
578:
559:
550:
546:
542:
537:
517:Arado Ar 68s
513:Arado Ar 65s
507:Through the
506:
501:
495:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
464:
455:
451:
442:
423:
420:Fliegerruppe
419:
400:Adolf Hitler
389:
380:Jagddivision
379:
376:Fliegerkorps
375:
371:
367:
364:Jagddivision
363:
359:
356:Fliegerkorps
355:
351:
343:
339:
333:
327:
321:
317:
309:
305:
301:
297:
296:A Luftwaffe
295:
286:Organisation
276:
274:
259:
216:
200:World War II
191:
190:
162:Walter Oesau
141:World War II
69:Nazi Germany
47:
8964:Jagdverband
8700:53 "Pik As"
8690:27 "Afrika"
8680:7 "Nowotny"
8670:5 "Eismeer"
7122:Parker 1998
7110:Girbig 1975
7062:Parker 1998
7050:Parker 1998
7038:Parker 1998
7026:Parker 1998
7014:Parker 1998
7002:Parker 1998
6990:Parker 1998
6978:Parker 1998
6966:Parker 1998
6954:Parker 1998
6762:Murray 1983
6608:Franks 1998
6377:Hooton 1999
6346:Franks 1998
6295:Franks 1998
6244:Hooton 1999
6208:Hooton 1999
6152:Sarkar 2011
6067:Hooton 1999
6055:Hooton 1994
5998:Holmes 2017
5986:Holmes 2017
5974:Holmes 2017
5959:Hooton 1999
5944:Hooton 1999
5932:Hooton 1999
5905:Franks 1997
5864:Hooton 1999
5840:Franks 1997
5828:Franks 2016
5796:Franks 2016
5748:Franks 1992
5736:Franks 1997
5724:Hooton 1999
5712:Hooton 1999
5676:Franks 1992
5649:Hooton 1999
5550:Franks 1997
5511:Murray 1983
5413:Franks 1997
5338:Bungay 2000
5251:Franks 1997
5129:Franks 1997
5117:Franks 1997
5105:Franks 2006
5076:Hooton 1994
4984:Hooton 1994
4936:Hooton 1994
4624:Hooton 1994
4612:Hooton 1994
4525:Muller 1992
4418:8 June 1944
4377:March 1944
4371:1 July 1943
4254:Fritz Karch
4195:August 1943
4104:1 May 1942
3939:Helmut Bolz
3910:4 May 1942
3862:Helmut Wick
3825:JĂĽrgen Roth
3639:1 July 1943
3538:Helmut Wick
3477:9 June 1936
3369:, but III.
2985:La Rochelle
2729:I. and II.
2479:81 Squadron
2473:claimed 10
2405:Axis powers
2237:Armin Faber
2203:Armin Faber
2058:Triqueville
2050:Stabstaffel
1936:Stabstaffel
1884:Freya radar
1867:Prinz Eugen
1855:Scharnhorst
1787:World War I
1617:Shaftesbury
1613:Bournemouth
1601:Selsey Bill
1587:aerodrome,
1546:Stabstaffel
1426:Luftflotten
1413:43 Squadron
1365:64 Squadron
1349:Stabstaffel
1200:Helmut Wick
1106:claimed 10
824:, with IV.
803:Stabstaffel
647:Stabstaffel
613:, the last
597:formed II.
582:Stabstaffel
412:Third Reich
368:Luftflotten
221:flying ace
219:World War I
158:Helmut Wick
137:Engagements
9046:Categories
8319:. Kansas:
7890:. London:
7438:. Haynes.
7134:Price 1991
6908:Price 1991
6334:Delve 2007
6322:Weal 1996b
6103:Green 1972
5625:Weal 1996a
5523:Price 1990
5499:Price 1990
5487:Mason 1969
5425:Mason 1969
5374:Price 2010
5362:Mason 1969
5350:Mason 1969
5326:Mason 1969
5314:Mason 1969
5302:Mason 1969
5290:Mason 1969
5275:Mason 1969
5263:Mason 1969
4552:Mason 1969
4537:Mason 1969
4475:References
4391:March 1944
4347:Egon Mayer
4291:March 1940
4116:1 May 1942
3924:4 May 1942
3920:Erich Leie
3790:Carl Vieck
3755:1 May 1934
3666:March 1944
3662:Kurt Ubben
3635:Egon Mayer
3625:June 1943
3143:Altenstadt
3131:Luftflotte
3122:Merzhausen
3110:Erla Haube
3091:Paris fell
3079:Luftflotte
3037:and three
3013:Gold beach
2981:Cormeilles
2979:, vacated
2953:Geschwader
2945:Luftflotte
2913:Geschwader
2908:Kurt Ubben
2773:became 7.
2712:Le Bourget
2653:La Pallice
2635:coast. 8.
2574:of the US
2417:Case Anton
2360:dogfighter
2179:RAF Debden
1942:, then to
1892:Heligoland
1841:Geschwader
1774:Keith Park
1742:Luftflotte
1633:Canterbury
1466:Iron Cross
1428:—2, 3 and
1345:Kanalkampf
1240:Egon Mayer
1220:Geschwader
1208:Geschwader
1204:Geschwader
1176:Luftflotte
1138:claimed a
1015:, east of
981:Erich Leie
913:Hamminkeln
903:with III.
839:Luftflotte
812:Luftflotte
730:Phoney War
547:Jagdgruppe
443:Richthofen
392:Nazi Party
298:Geschwader
231:Phoney War
174:Cuff title
154:commanders
147:Commanders
8655:1 "Oesau"
8641:Luftwaffe
7786:. R.E.I.
7185:Weal 2012
7173:Weal 2012
7161:Weal 2012
6942:Weal 2012
6923:Weal 2012
6896:Weal 2012
6881:Weal 2012
6866:Weal 2012
6789:Weal 2012
6714:Weal 2012
6678:Weal 2012
6659:Weal 2012
6644:Weal 2012
6632:Weal 2012
6620:Weal 2012
6596:Weal 2012
6584:Weal 2012
6572:Weal 2012
6557:Weal 2012
6545:Weal 2012
6389:Weal 2012
6268:Weal 2012
6256:Weal 2012
6232:Weal 2012
6220:Weal 2012
6191:Weal 2012
6179:Weal 2012
6167:Weal 2012
6140:Weal 2012
6091:Weal 2012
6079:Weal 2012
6031:Weal 2012
5893:Weal 2012
5811:Weal 2012
5784:Weal 2012
5772:Weal 2012
5661:Weal 2012
5637:Weal 2000
5589:Weal 2012
5475:Weal 2012
5454:Weal 2012
5386:Weal 2012
5224:Weal 2012
5209:Weal 2012
5190:Weal 2012
5173:Weal 2012
5158:Weal 2012
5141:Weal 2012
5088:Weal 2012
5052:Weal 2012
5040:Weal 2012
5028:Weal 2012
5011:Weal 2012
4924:Weal 2012
4876:Weal 2012
4771:Weal 2012
4735:Weal 2012
4723:Weal 2012
4708:Weal 2012
4696:Weal 2012
4684:Weal 2012
4660:Weal 2012
4636:Weal 2012
4600:Weal 2012
4588:Weal 2012
4576:Weal 2012
4564:Weal 2012
4510:Weal 2012
4495:Weal 2012
4480:Citations
4468:Hauptmann
4451:May 1945
4445:July 1944
4438:Hauptmann
4411:Hauptmann
4384:Hauptmann
4364:Hauptmann
4344:Hauptmann
4324:Hauptmann
4304:Hauptmann
4287:Erich Mix
4283:Hauptmann
4263:May 1945
4252:Hauptmann
4208:Hauptmann
4201:May 1944
4188:Hauptmann
4170:Hauptmann
4163:May 1943
4111:Hauptmann
4091:Hauptmann
4071:Hauptmann
4051:May 1945
4013:Hauptmann
3995:Hauptmann
3955:Hauptmann
3948:May 1943
3937:Hauptmann
3917:Hauptmann
3899:Hauptmann
3879:Hauptmann
3859:Hauptmann
3841:Hauptmann
3823:Hauptmann
3699:May 1945
3619:July 1941
3563:Hauptmann
3389:moved to
3342:Hauptmann
3318:Hauptmann
3231:Ahrweiler
3218:Jagdkorps
3141:moved to
3120:moved to
3043:Hauptmann
2991:departed
2887:Jagdkorps
2869:Frankfurt
2865:Brunswick
2807:drop tank
2759:Stuttgart
2302:Luftwaffe
2273:Maupertus
2211:Hauptmann
2136:Cherbourg
1974:moved to
1861:Gneisenau
1837:destroyer
1726:Hauptmann
1677:Der Adler
1538:The Blitz
1530:Hauptmann
1490:Oye-Plage
1391:lost one
1285:moved to
1260:Hauptmann
1249:Hauptmann
1230:moved to
1088:Compiègne
1064:Abbeville
1013:Tirlemont
1007:moved to
999:moved to
911:moved to
899:moved to
869:Fall Gelb
780:Wiesbaden
629:, 10.(N)/
611:Magdeburg
603:Erich Mix
575:, 1940/41
533:Anschluss
404:Wehrmacht
386:Formation
79:Luftwaffe
9001:Aviation
8972:Kommando
8915:Training
8734:Numbered
8665:3 "Udet"
8554:(1982).
8382:(2005).
8360:(1994).
8239:(2002).
7975:(2010).
7953:(1991).
7931:(1990).
7886:(2001).
7864:(1983).
7842:(1992).
7563:(2016).
7541:(2006).
7519:(1998).
7497:(1997).
7475:(1992).
7358:(2007).
7297:(2000).
4213:May 1944
4175:May 1943
4154:(acting)
3962:May 1943
3693:May 1944
3569:(acting)
3193:Monschau
2875:and the
2815:Big Week
2809:-fitted
2763:Staffeln
2690:experten
2633:Atlantic
2547:Kairouan
2507:Djedeida
2319:(USAAF)
2257:Commando
2096:Brittany
2092:Normandy
2071:Staffeln
1988:Théville
1948:Guipavas
1789:policy.
1672:magazine
1585:Shoreham
1581:Adjutant
1405:Adlertag
1307:Le Havre
1110:and one
1076:11 Group
1029:Fall Rot
1017:Brussels
971:). III.
929:Ardennes
901:Bastogne
799:Nordholz
699:strafing
691:Prostken
593:nearby.
529:JĂĽterbog
483:Staffeln
428:Swastika
416:Döberitz
410:and the
352:Staffeln
306:Staffeln
168:Insignia
8974:Nowotny
8948:Special
8637:fighter
8241:Alamein
4462:of JG 2
4458:IV.(N)
4428:†
4401:†
4274:of JG 2
4062:of JG 2
4030:†
3717:of JG 2
3676:†
3649:†
3602:†
3552:†
3426:Bavaria
3387:Gruppen
3367:Bohemia
3355:Remagen
3288:Malmedy
3273:'s II.
3212:as the
3175:of the
3071:Staffel
3061:. III.
3055:Gruppen
3047:Cologne
2843:BMW 802
2795:cumulus
2783:Staffel
2775:Staffel
2771:Staffel
2767:Gruppen
2657:Staffel
2641:Lorient
2637:Staffel
2512:Bizerta
2487:Staffel
2421:Tunisia
2397:Algeria
2393:Morocco
2352:BMW 801
2298:Gruppen
2277:Staffel
2219:Staffel
2160:Staffel
2148:Staffel
2144:Morlaix
2140:Staffel
2132:Staffel
2124:Staffel
2120:Staffel
2112:Staffel
2108:Staffel
2067:Gruppen
2046:Gruppen
1970:. III.
1968:Gruppen
1954:, then
1894:to the
1886:and 57
1709:
1621:Swanage
1486:Mardyck
1283:Gruppen
1244:Marigny
1228:Gruppen
1216:Magenta
1192:Gruppen
1188:Couvron
1021:Gruppen
969:sorties
951:-based
949:England
893:Moselle
758:Denmark
722:Gruppen
718:Gruppen
712:and I./
703:Staffel
683:Staffel
639:Gruppen
543:JaGschw
456:Gruppen
340:Staffel
302:Gruppen
198:during
152:Notable
57:Country
8987:Portal
8958:z.b.V.
8585:
8566:
8527:
8508:
8489:
8470:
8451:
8432:
8413:
8394:
8368:
8346:
8327:
8304:
8285:
8266:
8247:
8216:
8193:
8174:
8151:
8128:
8109:
8090:
8071:
8052:
8029:
8006:
7983:
7961:
7939:
7917:
7898:
7872:
7850:
7828:
7809:
7790:
7769:
7750:
7727:
7708:
7689:
7670:
7651:
7632:
7613:
7594:
7571:
7549:
7527:
7505:
7483:
7461:
7442:
7423:
7404:
7385:
7366:
7343:
7324:
7305:
7283:
4460:Gruppe
4272:Gruppe
4060:Gruppe
3814:Gruppe
3810:Gruppe
3806:Gruppe
3727:Gruppe
3723:Gruppe
3715:Gruppe
3495:Oberst
3472:Oberst
3422:Gruppe
3418:Gruppe
3414:Prague
3403:Gruppe
3383:Gruppe
3371:Gruppe
3346:Arnhem
3322:Gruppe
3314:Gruppe
3310:Gruppe
3306:Gruppe
3283:Gruppe
3275:Gruppe
3249:. The
3247:Taunus
3222:Gruppe
3201:Gruppe
3197:Gruppe
3185:Gruppe
3181:Gruppe
3169:Gruppe
3152:Gruppe
3148:Gruppe
3139:Gruppe
3126:Gruppe
3124:, II.
3118:Gruppe
3112:canopy
3106:Gruppe
3095:Gruppe
3083:Gruppe
3063:Gruppe
3059:Gruppe
3051:Gruppe
3026:Gruppe
3021:Gruppe
3017:WGr 21
2997:Gruppe
2989:Gruppe
2987:. II.
2973:Gruppe
2957:Gruppe
2929:WGr 21
2852:Gruppe
2825:. The
2779:Gruppe
2751:Gruppe
2747:Gruppe
2731:Gruppe
2708:Gruppe
2661:Gruppe
2629:U-boat
2616:Gruppe
2596:Gruppe
2594:. The
2552:Gruppe
2543:Gruppe
2520:Gruppe
2516:Gruppe
2514:, the
2495:Gruppe
2491:Gruppe
2471:Gruppe
2464:Sicily
2456:Gruppe
2437:Gruppe
2411:, the
2372:Gruppe
2368:Gruppe
2364:Gruppe
2344:DB 605
2269:Gruppe
2265:Gruppe
2261:Gruppe
2249:Dieppe
2215:Gruppe
2195:Gruppe
2191:Gruppe
2175:Circus
2168:SKG 10
2128:Gruppe
2116:Gruppe
2104:Gruppe
2088:Gruppe
2075:Gruppe
2060:under
2054:Gruppe
1992:Coxyde
1980:Bernay
1972:Gruppe
1964:Gruppe
1960:Gruppe
1846:Circus
1746:Gruppe
1653:Gruppe
1609:Gruppe
1589:Sussex
1566:Gruppe
1558:Gruppe
1554:Gruppe
1550:Gruppe
1526:Gruppe
1522:Gruppe
1518:Gruppe
1502:Gruppe
1470:Oberst
1442:Gruppe
1438:Gruppe
1417:Gruppe
1409:Gruppe
1397:Gruppe
1389:Gruppe
1385:Gruppe
1381:Gruppe
1361:Gruppe
1357:Gruppe
1353:Gruppe
1303:Gruppe
1295:Gruppe
1287:Évreux
1279:Gruppe
1184:Gruppe
1172:Gruppe
1136:Gruppe
1132:Gruppe
1130:. II.
1128:Gruppe
1116:Gruppe
1104:Gruppe
1092:Gruppe
1033:Gruppe
1005:Gruppe
1003:. II.
997:Gruppe
985:Gruppe
973:Gruppe
933:Gruppe
909:Gruppe
907:, II.
905:Gruppe
897:Gruppe
857:Gruppe
853:Gruppe
849:Gruppe
845:Gruppe
830:Gruppe
826:Gruppe
822:Gruppe
820:. II.
807:Gruppe
801:. The
784:Gruppe
776:Gruppe
762:Oberst
754:Norway
746:Gruppe
687:Gruppe
669:. The
651:Gruppe
643:Gruppe
615:Gruppe
607:Gruppe
599:Gruppe
591:Gruppe
551:Gruppe
497:Oberst
479:Gruppe
475:Gruppe
439:Berlin
344:Gruppe
318:Gruppe
127:Patron
75:Branch
66:
43:Active
9031:Media
8648:Named
8558:[
8044:[
8021:[
7998:[
4270:III.
4232:Major
3975:Major
3768:Major
3748:Major
3735:Major
3659:Major
3632:Major
3585:Major
3535:Major
3515:Major
3452:Major
3157:Ultra
3067:Husum
3015:with
3001:Nancy
2993:Creil
2905:Major
2839:MW 50
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