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was tuberculosis. Fintan Lalor was to never fully recover from this episode. When his father found out about his sons condition, he sent money to help him out. Though he could have returned home at this time, he went instead to look for employment. His friend John
Marnell introduced him to William Blood, who ran a bank come pawn shop, where the poor could get loans at reasonable rates. Fintan Lalor then went to Belfast to learn more about this from a similar establishment run by a Father James Finn. He took ill again, at one stage vomiting blood, and on the advice of his family and friends was urged returned home to Tenakill. He wrote to his father and apologized for his many faults. As a result, the bonds between the two were mended. Fintan Lalor, did not return home though, instead staying in the city and attempted to find employment. But his health was again to break down and at last he was forced to return home. By March 1846, he was back with his family in Tenakill.
473:“We have determined to set about creating, as speedily as possible, a military organisation, of which the Felons office shall be the centre and citadel. As a first step of proceeding, we are now founding a Club which, it is intended, shall consist of one, two or more persons from each parish throughout Ireland who are to be in immediate connection and correspondence with this office. . . . A prospectus and set of rules are in preparation, which we will publish when completed. But without waiting for such publication, we earnestly request every man in Ireland who desires to enrol himself as a colleague and comrade, and as a member of the Felon Club, will signify his wish by letter to the provisional secretary, Mr. Joseph Brenan, Felon office, 12 Trinity Street.”
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228:'s Repeal Association. Founding himself the Laois Liberal Club, which was in later year's part of the election machinery for Parnell. During the elections of this year, Patrick was to come in ahead of Sir Charles Coote, the Tory Party candidate winning the seat, and this was seen as a major victory to the cause. During the campaign the Tory paper, the Leinster Express, attempted to destroy Patrick's character, claiming he himself was a tyrant. Patrick was in 1835 to lose his seat to Thomas Vesey, the son of Lord Vesey. Lord Vesey during the election compelled his tenants to vote against their conscience, and those who did not were evicted from their holdings.
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pined and wasted, sickened and drooped; numbers died—the strong man, the fair maiden, the infant—the landlord got his rent… The 8,000 individuals who are owners of
Ireland by divine right and the grant of God, confirm (by themselves) in sundry successive acts of parliament have a full view of these coming results and have distinctly declared their intention of serving notice to quit on the people of Ireland…The landlords have adopted the process of depopulating the island and are pressing it forward to their own destruction, or to ours…” Fintan Lalor's view was that the Landlords were “enforcing self-defence on us.”
373:". Writing from Tenakill, his family home, Fintan Lalor put forward his views on current affairs and in particularly on land reform. His manner and style of writing quickly caught the attention of both its readers and staff. T. F. O’Sullivan commented that “the journal realise that a new force had arisen in the political world.” In the first letter, Fintan Lalor stated that contrasted with the question of the land, Repeal “was a petty, parish question.” On this he was quite emphatic “I will never contribute one shilling, or give my name, heart or hand for such an object as the simple Repeal.”
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257:, the temperance priest, began his campaign. In just a year or two of starting this campaign millions were to give up alcohol. One such society was formed in Raheen and Fintan Lalor became a member. In the November 1840 he then proposed that the Society should become an association and that it should have additional aims also. This was agreed and the name was changed to The Shamrock Friendly Society. In this Society they planned to organise free legal aid to help the poor, as well as organise reading and promote healthy games.
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466:“The rights of property may be pleaded. No one has more respect for the than I have; but I do class among them the robber’s right by which the lands of this country are now held in fee for the British Crown. I acknowledge no right of property in a small class which goes to abrogate the rights of a numerous people… I deny and challenge all such rights, howsoever founded or enforced. I challenge them as founded only on the code of the brigand, and enforced only by the sanction of the hangman.”
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more especially of your own freedom of action. Leave yourselves free individually and collectively.” He continued “if any resolution, or pledge, be adopted to seek
Legislative independence by moral force and legal proceedings alone, with a denunciation, or renunciation of all or any other means or proceedings, you may have millions better and stronger men than I to join you; but you won’t have me. . . . There has already, I think, been too much giving in on this question of means and force.”
235:. These groups originated from the Whiteboys of the previous generation. It was these groups who reacted to these type of evictions. James was of the view the root of the problem lay not with the societies but with the power of the landlords to evict tenants. Lalor's great friend at this time was John Marnell, also the son of a farmer, and he too shared Lalor's views. It was the issue of land and the ownership of land which was to shape the rest of James Fintan Lalor's life.
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and void as of moral effect; and our purpose is to abolish them entirely, or lose our lives in the attempt. The right founded on conquest and affirmed by laws made by the conquerors themselves, we regard as no other than the right of the robber on a larger scale. We owe no obedience to laws enacted by another nation without our consent, nor respect to assumed rights of property which are starving and exterminating our people…” Outlining his intentions he wrote
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student. The suggestion is that they did not get on and James left the hospital. Another account put forward for this period is that he left the hospital because of a "disappointment in love.” It is then suggested that James intended to sail to France. Tomás Ó Néill is fairly certain that James never went to France, and points to the fact that there is no reference to it in James later writings.
38:) (10 March 1809 – 27 December 1849) was an Irish revolutionary, journalist, and “one of the most powerful writers of his day.” A leading member of the Irish Confederation (Young Ireland), he was to play an active part in both the Rebellion in July 1848 and the attempted Rising in September of that same year. Lalor's writings were to exert a seminal influence on later Irish leaders such as
187:. As a result of this declaration, Arthur Moore Mosse, who was the secretary of the Grand Jury, asked Patrick to call off his campaign offering to give him a receipt for the year's tithe, but this he refused. Mosse then offered him a receipt that would free him from tithes for the rest of his life, and this was also refused.
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Fintan Lalor responding to the indictment wrote to the Under
Secretary, and took responsibility for the articles, and asked that the charges against Martin be dropped, stating that he would take responsibility. This was refused and Martin was, like Mitchel transported. This prompted the following response from Fintan Lalor
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In his third letter titled “Tenants’ Rights” and “Landlord Law,” he addressed the subject of the famine. “Famine, more or less, was in 500,000 families—famine with all its diseases and decay; famine, with all its fears and horrors; famine, with all its dreadful pains and more dreadful debility. All
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Having left home Fintan Lalor headed to Dublin. While in the capitol his health deteriorated and was to break down completely. Thomas Brady attended to him, and treated him for a chest complaint. Based on the medication proscribed, O’Neill suggests that it seems likely that what he was suffering from
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and the sheep had to be returned. When the sheep had to be sold the family painted "Tithe" on them, which meant no-one would buy them. On the way to
Smithfield market in Dublin no-one would offer any help to the drovers. In Dublin the only bid for them was from the steward of the Rev. John Latouch, a
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Catholic
Emancipation had been granted in 1829, and according to Patrick Lalor, Catholics would never be fully free while the burden of a foreign faith was on them in the form of tithes. Supported by his family, Patrick at a public meeting in Portlaoise, said he intended to give up paying tithes to a
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In another letter in the Irish Felon titled “The First Step—The Felon Club,” which was published on 1 July, Lalor addressing the
Government wrote “We hold the present existing government of this island and all existing rights of property in our soil, to be mere usurpation and tyranny, and to be null
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Among some of the titles were “What must be Done,” “The Faith of a Felon,” “Resistance,” his final one being “Clearing Decks,” on 22 July 1848. T. F. O’Sullivan was to describe Fintan Lalor writing as “powerful” of which three were included later in the indictment against, Martin for
Treason Felony.
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In the
September 1847, Fintan Lalor, along with Michael Doheny, organised at Holycross, in County Tipperary, for the purpose of putting forward his views on land reform. The meeting was failed to produce the results he wanted. Lacking both eloquence as a public speaker, and his weak state of health
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In addition to the
Society, Fintan Lalor was influenced by a group of agrarian reformers in his native county. They were led by William Conner, who suggested a scheme for arbitration on rents and fixity of tenure for tenant farmers. Conner's suggestions were to find few supporters, but Fintan Lalor
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While in college James worked hard and learnt the basics and principles not just of chemistry but law also. This understanding of law, Tomás Ó Néill suggests became evident from his writings later on. He suffered greatly through ill health during his time in college, and in February 1826, being ill
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Commenting on the Irish Confederation, which was about to be formed he advocated that its policy should be one of “national independence.” He then proceeded to outline the policy he would approve on obtaining independence, “in what form of words you please; but denounce nothing—proscribe nothing,
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This opinion of O’Connell was to cause a rift to develop between Fintan Lalor and his father, who much admired O’Connell. The final event being an article Fintan Lalor was to write in January 1844 about the aims of the Irish agricultural Society. As a result of this their relationship was to break
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James was, according to Tomás Ó Néill one of his biographers, a fine healthy baby when born, but as the result of an accident as an infant, was left semi-crippled. Though small for his age, being both pale and delicate, James was to display unexpected strength of body. Though hardy enough he was
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himself the leader of the Confederation, said of him “Mr. Lalor, …does not now go for the whole of his system, but contemplates violent pressure on the landlords of those districts to coerce them into a fair settlement of the tenure question; the coercion to take the form of non-payment to such
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Conner was finally charged with making a seditious speech at Mountmellick in 1841 for which he received a sentence of six months’ imprisonment. As a result of his activities Conner was expelled from the Repeal Association because he proposed that Repealers should not pay rent, county cess, rent
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Not much is known about James after he left college, most information being based on oral tradition. One suggestion is that he became an apprentice to a Dr. John Jacob, who worked in Portlaoise county hospital. In the June 1827 Dr. Jacob died and was replaced by his son who was a young medical
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However, in T. F. O’Sullivan, account of his life, in The Young Irelanders, states that he did in fact go and lived there for a couple of years, being supplied with money by his mother. What is known though, is that there is no real definite account at all about him for several years.
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Mr. Brough. It was Latouch who had sent the proctor to the Lalors in the first place. As a result of this the sheep had to be placed on a boat for Liverpool, but even there no-one would bid for them, so they were then driven to Manchester and then to Leeds: most died on the road.
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In his last article for the Irish Felon “Clearing Decks,” Lalor wrote —“Remember this—that somewhere and somehow, and by somebody, a beginning must be made. Who strikes the first blow for Ireland? Who draws first blood for Ireland? Who wins a wreath that will be green forever?”
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and Anne Dillon (daughter of Patrick Dillon of Sheane near Maryborough). Patrick and Anna were to have twelve children. Patrick was to become the first Catholic M.P. for Laois in 1832 - 1835, and was to lead a campaign of passive resistance to the payment
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He wrote again another letter on 19 April on the association between landowner and occupiers. Addressing himself to the landlords Fintan Lalor stated that “Ireland demanded more than her present dole of bread… Her demand was for a new Constitution…”
525:, in September, Savage and Brenan attacked the police barracks but the other leaders had not sufficient forces at their command to take aggressive action in the districts in which they were working, and the insurgents had to separate.
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Dr. Doyle, writing under the pen name J.K.L, was considered very influential. An atmosphere of patriotism in the college was encouraged, and this was shown later, not just in James Fintan's later life, but in that of students such as
111:. It was Father William himself who welcomed James to the college and introduced him to Maurice Lenihan, who was to be his advisor and guardian. In College James studied both chemistry, under a Mr. Holt and the classics under Father
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Six days later Lalor was arrested under the suspension of the Habeas Corpus Act, and kept in prison for some months, after which he was released owing to the bad health which had been affected by his imprisonment.
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charge, tithe poor rate or any other charge arising out of land until repeal was granted. Fintan Lalor agreed with Conner and it was at this stage that his political differences with his Father really began.
540:, chaired by David Lawlor was formed in August 2005 to erect a memorial to mark the 200th anniversary of the birth of James Fintan Lalor. €110,000 was raised; Laois County Council provided the site;
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Politics began to play an important part in the life of the Lalor family. In 1832 Patrick Lalor, was called to give evidence before a Select Committee, having been recognised as one of the leaders in
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was one of them. He became closely associated with Conner and spent weeks at his house near Athy. He also attended Conner's public meetings which were held in various parts of Kildare and Laois.
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Having failed to rouse the farmers, Lalor retired again to Tenakill, and it was not till the June 1848, that he again took to the public stage. He cooperated with John Martin in writing for
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the Association was to quickly developed. James was totally opposed to both O'Connell and the Association. He thought O'Connell's whole policy was flawed, and wrote a letter to
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never sent to school, having private tuition at home instead. This was to continue up until he was seventeen, when it was then decided that he should go to college.
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openly and actively". In consequence, and notwithstanding that his "family—friends are all violent Repealers", he was offering his services to the government.
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Charles Gavan Duffy: Conversations With Carlyle (1892), with Introduction, Stray Thoughts On Young Ireland, by Brendan Clifford, Athol Books, Belfast,
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On 11 January 1847, Fintan Lalor began to publish a series of "stirring and controversial letters and articles to newspapers such as The Felon and
87:. Patrick was to out live his eldest son by six years, dying in 1856, and his mother Anna was to die in 1835, the same year as his brother Joseph.
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Three months afterwards, on 27 December 1849, Lalor died in his 43rd year, as a result of an attack of bronchitis, and was buried in Glasnevin.
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115:. While in college he became a member of the Apollo Society, where literature and music were studied, his favourite author at the time being
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as a separate parliamentary entity. While support for another one of O'Connell's associations was slow to start, with the adhesion of both
315:, and his series of wretched agitations" had so "disgusted him" that he thought it "probable" that he should "soon be obliged to join the
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Brigadier-General Thomas Francis Meagher His Political and Military Career,Capt. W. F. Lyons, Burns Oates & Washbourne Limited 1869
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Jordan, Donald (1998). "The Irish National League and the 'Unwritten Law': Rural Protest and Nation-Building in Ireland 1882-1890".
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considered Lalor "the only real Irish revolutionary mind in the '48 period". His ideas were the ideological underpinning of the
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Around this time there were a number of secret societies in Ireland. With names such as the Blackfeet, Whitefeet and the
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Envoi, Taking Leave Of Roy Foster, by Brendan Clifford and Julianne Herlihy, Aubane Historical Society, Cork.
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James Fintan Lalor was born in Tinnakill House (Fintan Lalor always referred to his birthplace as Tenakill),
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May his soul be at the right hand of God, (The stone was erected by National Graves Association (1933))
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Irish Rebel John Devoy and America's Fight for Irish Freedom, Terry Golway, St. Martin's Griffin 1998.
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William Smith O'Brien and the Young Ireland Rebellion of 1848, Robert Sloan, Four Courts Press 2000
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The Fenians in Context Irish Politics & Society 1848–82, R. V. Comerford, Wolfhound Press 1998
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Young Irelander Abroad The Diary of Charles Hart, Edited by Brendan O'Cathaoir, University Press.
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Thomas Davis: Essays and Poems, Centenary Memoir, M. H Gill, M.H. Gill & Son, Ltd MCMXLV.
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John Mitchel First Felon for Ireland, Edited By Brian O'Higgins, Brian O'Higgins 1947.
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led him into direct action: he attempted to found tenant-right societies and organise
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Meagher of The Sword, Edited By Arthur Griffith, M. H. Gill & Son, Ltd. 1916.
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Thomas Davis, The Thinker and Teacher, Arthur Griffith, M.H. Gill & Son 1922.
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Rossa's Recollections 1838 to 1898, Intro by Sean O'Luing, The Lyons Press 2004.
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O'Connell Davis and the Colleges Bill, Dennis Gwynn, Cork University Press 1948.
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The Politics of Irish Literature: from Thomas Davis to W.B. Yeats, Malcolm Brown
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leaders, was very impressed by Lalor's views on land reform, and in a letter to
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Shortly after, the proctor seized twenty of the brothers' sheep, but they got
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Daniel O'Connell The Irish Liberator, Dennis Gwynn, Hutchinson & Co, Ltd.
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the head of government, calling for it to be suppressed. "Mr. O’Connell, his
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The Lalor brothers had through their father become politically active. (The
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John Mitchel Noted Irish Lives, Louis J. Walsh, The Talbot Press Ltd 1934.
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Leaders and Workers, Edited by J. W. Boyle, Mercier Press, Dublin, 1978,
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609:(1827–1889), James' youngest brother, went to Melbourne in the colony of
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78:(known at the time as Queen's County) on 10 March 1807. The first son of
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Life and Times of Daniel O'Connell, T. C. Luby, Cameron & Ferguson.
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The Falcon Family, or, Young Ireland, by M. W. Savage, London, 1845. (
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John Mitchel, The History of Ireland, Vol 2, James Duffy, London, 1869
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Smith O’Brien And The “Secession”, Dennis Gwynn,Cork University Press
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Life of John Martin, P. A. Sillard, James Duffy & Co., Ltd 1901.
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Life of John Mitchel, P. A. Sillard, James Duffy and Co., Ltd 1908.
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from 1880 until 1892. He died in the family home in November 1893.
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James Fintan Lalor, Thomas, P. O'Neill, Golden Publications 2003.
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Young Ireland and 1848, Dennis Gwynn, Cork University Press 1949.
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of our country and to improve the state of Irish people in their
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Ireland Her Own, T. A. Jackson, Lawrence & Wishart Ltd 1976.
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A faithful Irishman who gave his life in the pursuit of freedom
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Irish Mitchel, Seamus MacCall, Thomas Nelson and Sons Ltd 1938.
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John Mitchel, P. S. O'Hegarty, Maunsel & Company, Ltd 1917.
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T. F. O’Sullivan, The Young Irelanders, The Kerryman Ltd. 1945.
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The Re-Conquest of Ireland, James Connolly, Fleet Street 1915.
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John Mitchel, A Cause Too Many, Aidan Hegarty, Camlane Press.
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landlords as hold out.” A policy Mitchel was later to adopt.
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down completely, and Fintan Lalor was obliged to leave home.
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s:Letter to Robert Peel calling for Repeal to be suppressed
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Young Ireland, T. F. O'Sullivan, The Kerryman Ltd. 1945.
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Young Ireland, T. F. O’Sullivan, The Kerryman Ltd, 1945.
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In dear memory of James Fintan Lalor born on the 10th of
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which started on June 4, 1848. The publication of the
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also rendered him unfit to conduct a public campaign.
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Paddy's Lament Ireland 1846-1847 Prelude to Hatred,
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Labour in Ireland, James Connolly, Fleet Street 1910.
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David Lawlor with bronze statue of James Fintan Lalor
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was in response to the suppression of John Mitchel's
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The Great Shame, Thomas Keneally, Anchor Books 1999.
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In college one of the great influences on James was
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285:Daniel O'Connell
226:Daniel O'Connell
168:Daniel O'Connell
117:Lord Bolingbroke
109:bishop of Ossory
105:William Kinsella
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643:Joseph O'Lawlor
615:Eureka Stockade
593:Young Irelander
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436:United Irishman
426:The Irish Felon
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393:The Irish Felon
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287:split with the
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48:Pádraig Pearse
44:James Connolly
40:Michael Davitt
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589:Richard Lalor
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550:half the cost
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185:foreign faith
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155:After College
152:
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145:Maurice Leyne
142:
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66:Richard Lalor
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33:
23:
19:
1278:British laws
1239:John O'Leary
1214:John Mitchel
1183:
1154:Thomas Davis
1139:Joseph Blake
1095:
1086:Great Hunger
1063:
1005:
1002:An Gorta Mor
886:
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772:. Retrieved
768:the original
727:
712:
657:
639:Joseph Lalor
605:
586:
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507:John O'Leary
496:
492:
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460:native land.
441:
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398:John Mitchel
396:
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364:John Mitchel
354:rent strikes
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297:Thomas Davis
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278:Thomas Davis
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137:John O'Leary
121:
98:
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76:County Laois
69:
35:
31:
30:
18:
1356:1849 deaths
1351:1809 births
1330:WikiProject
1254:John Savage
1204:John Martin
1179:John Kenyon
1174:Philip Gray
1149:Robert Cane
635:Alice Lalor
583:Peter Lalor
567:during the
499:John Savage
417:John Martin
400:one of the
309:Robert Peel
34:(in Irish,
27:1807 – 1849
1345:Categories
1269:Jane Wilde
1065:The Nation
774:7 November
649:References
371:The Nation
344:The Nation
58:Early life
863:0031-2746
548:provided
523:Cappoquin
519:Waterford
515:Tipperary
313:agitators
233:Terryalts
200:Tithe War
1320:Category
619:Ballarat
611:Victoria
569:Land War
283:In 1840
253:In 1838
210:Politics
192:replevin
1052:General
882:Sources
631:Speaker
597:Parnell
204:O'Neill
990:
871:651224
869:
861:
747:
719:
575:Family
532:Legacy
128:tithes
85:tithes
72:Raheen
50:, and
867:JSTOR
607:Peter
521:. At
431:Felon
289:Whigs
988:ISBN
859:ISSN
776:2008
745:ISBN
717:ISBN
536:The
517:and
509:and
348:The
303:and
143:and
851:doi
847:158
513:in
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