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little interest in cross-breeding these with native stock, but from about 1900 it became widespread. It ceased abruptly in 1910, when it was realised that, while the cross-breeds might be larger and have better dairy qualities, their working capacity and meat quality was lower. From 1919, the various
236:
Japan was effectively isolated from the rest of the world from 1635 until 1854; there was no possibility of intromission of foreign genes to the cattle population during this time. Between 1868, the year of the Meiji
Restoration, and 1887, some 2600 foreign cattle were imported. At first there was
292:
as "critical" in 2007. In 1978 the total population was reported to be 2242; in 2008 it was 132. Although not at risk of immediate extinction, the breed is in need of emergency measures for its protection. The
Japanese Polled Public Corporation has been set up by the administration of Yamaguchi
421:
245:
as "Improved
Japanese Cattle". Four separate strains were characterised, based mainly on which type of foreign cattle had most influenced the hybrids, and were recognised as breeds in 1944. These were the four
28:
189:
in the early twentieth century of native
Japanese cattle with imported stock, mostly from Europe. In the case of the Japanese Polled, the principal foreign influence was from the Scottish
233:. Milk consumption was unknown, and – for cultural and religious reasons – meat was not eaten. Cattle were highly prized and valuable, too expensive for a poor farmer to buy.
521:
considered in Japan to be wholly or partly of
Japanese origin. Inclusion here does not necessarily imply that a breed is predominantly or exclusively Japanese.
496:
344:
550:
606:
332:
385:
347:. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed January 2017.
335:. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed January 2017.
448:
489:
430:. Rome: Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
462:
435:
408:
482:
505:
425:
238:
452:
611:
386:
Breeding history of
Japanese beef cattle and preservation of genetic resources as economic farm animals
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regional populations that resulted from this brief period of cross-breeding were registered and
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166:. It is one of six native Japanese cattle breeds, and one of the four Japanese breeds known as
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558:
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202:
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Valerie Porter, Lawrence
Alderson, Stephen J.G. Hall, D. Phillip Sponenberg (2016).
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579:
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255:
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190:
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422:
List of breeds documented in the Global
Databank for Animal Genetic Resources
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The State of the World's Animal
Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture
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The State of the World's Animal
Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture
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218:
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357:
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Effect of pasture finishing on beef quality of Japanese Polled steers
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222:
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457:. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
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Cattle were brought to Japan from China at the same time as the
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230:
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518:
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Mason's World Encyclopedia of Livestock Breeds and Breeding
388:. Kyoto: Wagyu Registry Association. Accessed January 2017.
289:
39:
277:. The principal foreign influence was from Scottish the
305:
The Japanese Polled is black; both sexes are naturally
420:
Barbara Rischkowsky, Dafydd Pilling (editors) (2007).
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Prefecture to protect and preserve the breed and its
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265:The Japanese Polled developed in south-western
158:, Mukaku Washu) is a critically-endangered
356:T. Muramoto, M. Higashiyama, T. Kondo (2005).
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504:
497:
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362:Asian-Australian Journal of Animal Science
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288:of the Japanese Polled was listed by the
205:, in about the second century AD, in the
333:Breed data sheet: Japanese Polled/Japan
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229:and for transport, and as a source of
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403:(sixth edition). Wallingford: CABI.
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607:Cattle breeds originating in Japan
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371:
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623:
250:breeds, the Japanese Polled, the
345:Breeds reported by Japan: Cattle
213:in 1868, they were used only as
209:. Until about the time of the
1:
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185:All wagyū cattle derive from
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10:
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384:Kiyoshi Namikawa (2016 ).
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465:. Accessed January 2017.
438:. Archived 23 June 2020.
135:Bos (primigenius) taurus
118:(hornless) in both sexes
16:Japanese breed of cattle
170:, the others being the
506:Cattle breeds of Japan
449:Country Report: Japan
85:Yamaguchi Prefecture
286:conservation status
203:cultivation of rice
36:Conservation status
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612:Beef cattle breeds
546:Japanese Shorthorn
260:Japanese Shorthorn
180:Japanese Shorthorn
162:of small Japanese
21:
586:
585:
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309:, without horns.
295:genetic resources
211:Meiji Restoration
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73:Country of origin
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42:(2007): critical
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541:Japanese Polled
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301:Characteristics
215:draught animals
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148:Japanese Polled
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22:Japanese Polled
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536:Japanese Brown
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531:Japanese Black
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514:These are the
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279:Aberdeen Angus
256:Japanese Brown
252:Japanese Black
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191:Aberdeen Angus
187:cross-breeding
176:Japanese Brown
172:Japanese Black
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602:Cattle breeds
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239:heterogeneous
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65:Japanese Poll
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559:Kuchinoshima
551:Kairyo-washu
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207:Yayoi period
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81:Distribution
62:Mukaku Washu
18:
451:, annex to
424:, annex to
219:agriculture
164:beef cattle
112:Horn status
47:Other names
596:Categories
574:See also:
368:: 420-426.
313:References
271:prefecture
231:fertiliser
554:(extinct)
275:Yamaguchi
269:, in the
447:(2005).
258:and the
243:selected
223:forestry
178:and the
152:Japanese
54:Japanese
564:Mishima
197:History
193:breed.
519:breeds
516:cattle
461:
434:
407:
307:polled
267:Honshu
254:, the
227:mining
174:, the
128:Cattle
116:polled
99:Traits
576:Wagyu
248:wagyū
217:, in
168:wagyū
160:breed
107:black
76:Japan
459:ISBN
432:ISBN
405:ISBN
284:The
156:無角和種
146:The
104:Coat
94:beef
58:無角和種
290:FAO
273:of
91:Use
40:FAO
598::
578:•
373:^
366:18
364:.
360:.
321:^
297:.
281:.
262:.
225:,
221:,
182:.
154::
56::
498:e
491:t
484:v
411:.
150:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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