1478:
1539:
1180:
1442:
1526:
362:
337:
1563:
1551:
163:
1709:
1697:
1685:
1673:
1661:
1649:
1637:
1624:
1611:
1599:
1587:
1466:
1454:
1394:
1575:
177:
1430:
1502:
1514:
1382:
1490:
664:
579:
25:
1418:
1406:
565:. There was also an unreasonable seizure of the assets, destruction of homes, and shortage of food and other necessities for the locals. Chamorros' labor was also exploited through Japanese-led land development and fortifications. The Japanese military also occupied land that was essential to the agriculture and economy of Guam.
650:
With inadequate shelter, minimal food, and no sanitary facilities, life in these camps was miserable. Despite hardships, however, incarceration proved to be a blessing in disguise for those who survived the camps, as had they not been moved, many
Chamorros would have been killed by the American bombs and Japanese crossfire.
820:
from the
Chamorros that continued until late 1960s. A majority of the hostility was directed at the Japanese residents in Guam. Many were expelled to either Japan or Saipan and some were even tried in court. The impacts of the war are still seen today, through the unpaid war reparation claims. Due to
645:. Social activities were terminated, schools were closed, and Chamorro men, women, and children over the age of 12 were forced to work long hours in the fields, repair or build airstrips and defense installations, and dig hundreds of Japanese cave shelters, many of which are within the boundaries of
780:
The counterattacks around the
American beachheads had exhausted the Japanese. At the start of August they were running out of food and ammunition and had only a handful of tanks left. Obata withdrew his troops from the south of Guam, planning to make a stand in the mountainous central part of the
649:
on Guam. Chamorros, laboring at bayonet point, were mistreated and, in some cases, executed after completing defense installations. Without warning, 10,000–15,000 Chamorros of all ages were forced to march, with only the belongings they could carry to camps in Guam's central and southern jungles.
510:
into the
Japanese nation through total assimilation of Japanese culture and ideology. The task was at first thought to be a swift and easy one, as the population of Guam was small; however, these Japanization efforts later faced difficulty, supposedly due to the Americanization of the Chamorros
540:, as it was known, governed the populace for about 19 months. Chamorros were allowed to remain on their farms and trade for products they needed. Social activities, including parties, Japanese movies, and sports competitions, were allowed. Mass meetings were held in Agana to reinforce the
1353:
772:
Supply was very difficult for the
Americans in the first days of the battle. Landing ships could not come closer than the reef, several hundred meters from the beach, and amphibious vehicles were scarce. However, the two beachheads were joined up on 28 July, and the Orote airfield and
757:
about 2,000 meters (6,600 ft) deep. Japanese counterattacks were made throughout the first few days of the battle, mostly at night, using infiltration tactics. Several times they penetrated the
American defenses and were driven back with heavy loss of men and equipment.
1346:
1339:
840:
have worked together to approve a bill for
Chamorro war reparations. Within the Department of Justice's Foreign Claims Settlement Commission, the Guam Claims Program is still actively looking at cases and providing compensations for Guam victims.
900:
788:
from 2 to 4 August, the
Japanese line collapsed and the rest of the battle was a pursuit to the north. As in other battles of the Pacific War, the Japanese refused to surrender, and almost all were killed.
781:
island. But with resupply and reinforcement impossible because of
American control of the sea and air around Guam, he could hope to do no more than delay the inevitable defeat for a few days.
491:. Specifically, Commander Hayashi Horace, who was one of the military leaders during the Japanese invasion in December, made Agana's former governor's palace the headquarters for the
639:
By early 1944, Japan's war efforts were failing. With an
American invasion threatening, the Japanese Army returned to Guam, bringing with it a new, stricter form of government, the
2390:
1458:
502:
Japan intended to maintain Guam as a permanent territory beyond the war and thus invested resources, by way of teachers and education supplies, to launch the campaign of their
2385:
2400:
2355:
1139:
2209:
1188:
750:
had a more difficult landing. Lacking amphibious vehicles, they had to wade ashore from the edge of the reef where they were dropped by their landing craft.
561:. However, the economy was deeply impacted by the war and the Japanese occupation caused further damage by setting a low exchange rate of US dollars to the
2395:
195:
2278:
1579:
812:
on 21 July. The island also holds a procession on 8 December; this also commemorates the day of the Japanese attack. On this day, people gather in
1331:
1091:
1082:
833:
474:
1179:
1591:
1470:
1293:
1271:
817:
685:
600:
42:
1320:
89:
850:
646:
522:
792:
On 10 August 1944, the American forces succeeded in wiping out the Japanese occupiers ending the occupation, although a small number of
61:
2360:
1701:
1689:
1169:
1125:
1916:
1902:
68:
1060:
2350:
1727:
1211:
747:
2214:
1628:
1159:
75:
2365:
1603:
1281:
1135:
837:
735:
1254:
483:
were forced to endure the hardships of the military occupation. For the first four months, the island was controlled by
57:
1422:
1410:
1075:
1713:
1276:
1154:
711:
626:
108:
746:
landed near Agat to the south. Japanese artillery sank 20 LVTs, but by 09:00 tanks were ashore at both beaches. The
693:
608:
1779:
1653:
1641:
1398:
1244:
1164:
1130:
1878:
1249:
1361:
2229:
2106:
1803:
1770:
1259:
743:
689:
604:
46:
2340:
1615:
1144:
1068:
465:
surrendered to the Japanese forces around 7:00 a.m. on December 10, 1941, ceding control of the island.
1732:
1677:
1206:
1149:
1115:
2263:
2076:
2061:
1567:
1196:
82:
1050:
2309:
1531:
1288:
1266:
554:
being forbidden. Adults and children were taught reading, writing, math, and Japanese games and songs.
2405:
2319:
2224:
2071:
2008:
1120:
527:. Cars, radios, and cameras were confiscated, and food was rationed until supplies became exhausted.
2018:
816:
and watch parades and have carnivals. The results of the Japanese military occupation led to strong
784:
Rain and thick jungle made conditions difficult for the Americans, but after an engagement at Mount
162:
2345:
2101:
2066:
1494:
1232:
674:
589:
557:
Before the Japanese occupation, Guam's economy was semi-self-sufficient through the exportation of
519:
became the island's currency, and civilian affairs were handled by a branch of the army called the
355:
342:
176:
2251:
2219:
1968:
1892:
1090:
822:
678:
593:
35:
2304:
2028:
1924:
1811:
829:
531:
484:
459:
443:
272:
182:
825:, Guam is unable to ask Japan to pay the war claims, instead seeking reparations from the US.
2380:
2375:
2370:
2246:
2189:
2117:
2096:
2086:
809:
725:
427:
421:
289:
2410:
1816:
1446:
926:
259:
8:
2314:
2283:
1953:
1907:
1482:
447:
1983:
1836:
1793:
1763:
1316:
993:
965:
942:
759:
1216:
844:
2162:
2150:
1856:
1846:
1826:
1555:
997:
985:
762:
734:. On the western side of Guam, the Americans endeavored to cut off the airfield. The
547:
218:
212:
1993:
2170:
1958:
1945:
1935:
1543:
977:
872:
793:
551:
546:(spirit of Japan). Schools were reopened, and Chamorros were required to learn the
233:
223:
1988:
2273:
2268:
2256:
2136:
2128:
2081:
2053:
1963:
1930:
1841:
1831:
1821:
1363:
1095:
808:
As a result of the end of the Japanese occupation, Guam celebrates with a yearly
766:
731:
512:
511:
during the prior 40 years under US control. Chamorros were required to learn the
507:
462:
439:
435:
397:
393:
285:
228:
199:
1055:
1036:
2288:
2033:
2023:
1998:
1506:
1107:
796:
would remain in hiding in caves throughout the island, the last being found in
1978:
2334:
2203:
2199:
2111:
2003:
1897:
1756:
1011:
989:
797:
168:
1973:
1920:
1911:
1882:
1367:
1099:
562:
516:
503:
405:
246:
2194:
2184:
2158:
1864:
1737:
774:
431:
2142:
2043:
2038:
2013:
854:
739:
981:
1886:
1518:
1434:
1386:
1311:
1237:
785:
754:
494:
480:
1748:
663:
578:
434:
in World War II that took place on December 8, 1941, on Guam in the
24:
2178:
2174:
2166:
1874:
1870:
845:
Monuments and historical markers in Guam relating to the occupation
455:
2154:
2146:
813:
966:"The Japanisation policy for the Chamorros of Guam, 1941–1944"
925:
McMillin, George (April–September 1972). Carano, Paul (ed.).
558:
488:
1783:
938:
401:
380:
1012:"Shoichi Yokoi, the Japanese soldier who held out in Guam"
568:
1362:
States and territories in the sphere of influence of the
487:, who were housed in schools and government buildings in
2391:
1944 disestablishments in the Japanese colonial empire
730:
On 21 July, the Americans landed on both sides of the
640:
541:
535:
520:
492:
140:
2386:
1941 establishments in the Japanese colonial empire
415:
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2332:
1160:Sarawak, Brunei, Labuan and British North Borneo
196:Military occupation based on Colonial Government
862:Caves and Jails in Tutuhan Park - Hagatna, Guam
16:1941–1944 occupation of Guam by Empire of Japan
765:was killed on 28 July, and Lieutenant General
475:Pacific Islands home front during World War II
133:
2401:States and territories disestablished in 1944
2356:Military history of Japan during World War II
2210:National Register of Historic Places listings
1764:
1347:
1076:
506:policy. The goal was to bring the indigenous
468:
753:By nightfall, the Americans had established
1056:Department of Justice - Guam Claims Program
851:War in the Pacific National Historical Park
692:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
647:War in the Pacific National Historical Park
607:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
2396:States and territories established in 1941
1771:
1757:
1354:
1340:
1083:
1069:
712:Learn how and when to remove this message
627:Learn how and when to remove this message
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
1483:Reorganized National Government of China
924:
803:
769:took over the command of the defenders.
653:
963:
918:
569:Events leading to end of the occupation
2333:
1728:Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
1435:Mengjiang United Autonomous Government
458:after shooting down a Japanese plane.
1778:
1752:
1335:
1064:
530:Control of the island came under the
1519:Provisional Government of Free India
895:
893:
891:
889:
887:
690:adding citations to reliable sources
657:
605:adding citations to reliable sources
572:
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
2215:Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Agaña
927:"Surrender of Guam to the Japanese"
13:
2232:(Shared with the Northern islands)
1423:South Chahar Autonomous Government
1411:North Shanxi Autonomous Government
1092:Countries and territories occupied
14:
2422:
2361:World War II occupied territories
1044:
884:
1707:
1695:
1683:
1671:
1659:
1647:
1635:
1622:
1609:
1597:
1585:
1573:
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1549:
1537:
1524:
1512:
1500:
1488:
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1452:
1440:
1428:
1416:
1404:
1399:East Hebei Autonomous Government
1392:
1380:
1178:
740:near Agana to the north of Orote
662:
577:
446:forces. During the battle, the
416:Events leading to the occupation
360:
335:
175:
161:
23:
1459:Provisional Government of China
901:"WAPA - The Occupation of Guam"
859:Plaza de Espana - Hagatna, Guam
284:• American troops land on
34:needs additional citations for
2230:Cuisine of the Mariana Islands
1030:
1004:
970:The Journal of Pacific History
957:
744:1st Provisional Marine Brigade
479:During the occupation period,
1:
2351:Japanese military occupations
1447:Shanghai Great Way Government
1051:WAPA – The Occupation of Guam
878:
430:was an engagement during the
58:"Japanese occupation of Guam"
2264:Marine Corps Base Camp Blaz
1733:Greater East Asia Conference
1471:Reformed Government of China
7:
2366:1941 establishments in Guam
1532:Republic of the Philippines
1140:Andaman and Nicobar Islands
866:
641:
542:
536:
521:
493:
396:between 1941 and 1944 when
390:Japanese occupation of Guam
169:Flag of the Empire of Japan
141:
10:
2427:
2310:Guam Regional Medical City
1592:Occupied Dutch East Indies
823:Treaty of Peace with Japan
777:were captured by 30 July.
723:
472:
469:Life during the occupation
419:
2297:
2239:
2127:
2052:
1944:
1855:
1802:
1790:
1723:
1374:
1304:
1225:
1187:
1176:
1106:
834:House Judiciary Committee
513:Japanese custom of bowing
412:('Great Shrine Island').
408:. The island was renamed
376:
314:
310:
300:
282:
269:
256:
252:
242:
205:
191:
157:
152:
134:
125:
1903:Census-designated places
1702:Occupied Solomon Islands
1690:Occupied Gilbert Islands
1580:Kingdom of Luang Prabang
964:Higuchi, Wakako (2001).
356:Naval Government of Guam
343:Naval Government of Guam
2252:Andersen Air Force Base
1629:Occupied British Borneo
302:• Occupation ends
2305:Guam Memorial Hospital
2107:Elective Governor Acts
2077:1856 smallpox epidemic
748:77th Infantry Division
532:Imperial Japanese Navy
460:Naval Governor of Guam
428:Battle of Guam in 1941
392:was the period in the
273:Imperial Japanese Navy
127:Japanese-occupied Guam
2247:Joint Region Marianas
2118:Guam v. United States
2072:Spanish–Chamorro Wars
1604:Occupied West Sumatra
838:Department of Justice
828:Since June 2006, the
804:Life after occupation
726:Battle of Guam (1944)
654:End of the occupation
473:Further information:
422:Battle of Guam (1941)
290:Second Battle of Guam
206:Common languages
2341:20th century in Guam
1568:Kingdom of Kampuchea
686:improve this section
601:improve this section
260:First Battle of Guam
43:improve this article
2315:Naval Hospital Guam
2284:Naval Hospital Guam
2092:Japanese occupation
2009:Mongmong-Toto-Maite
1714:Occupied New Guinea
1495:Kingdom of Thailand
1037:Guam Claims Program
818:anti-Japanese views
736:3rd Marine Division
534:in March 1942. The
1654:Occupied Singapore
1642:Occupied Hong Kong
1317:South Seas Mandate
943:University of Guam
760:Lieutenant General
742:at 08:28, and the
550:and customs, with
2328:
2327:
2320:COVID-19 pandemic
2225:Underwater diving
1969:Chalan Pago-Ordot
1746:
1745:
1556:Empire of Vietnam
1329:
1328:
1321:Northern Marianas
1272:Dutch East Indies
1018:. 24 January 2012
982:10.1080/713682851
794:Japanese Holdouts
763:Takeshi Takashina
722:
721:
714:
637:
636:
629:
548:Japanese language
398:Imperial Japanese
386:
385:
372:
371:
368:
367:
348:
347:
119:
118:
111:
93:
2418:
2406:Military in Guam
2097:2nd U.S. capture
2087:Japanese capture
2019:Sånta Rita-Sumai
1936:Two Lovers Point
1925:Jumullong Manglo
1773:
1766:
1759:
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1589:
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1576:
1566:
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1564:
1554:
1553:
1552:
1544:French Indochina
1542:
1541:
1540:
1530:
1528:
1527:
1517:
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1515:
1505:
1504:
1503:
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1407:
1397:
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1395:
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1384:
1383:
1356:
1349:
1342:
1333:
1332:
1294:Portuguese Timor
1182:
1121:Christmas Island
1085:
1078:
1071:
1062:
1061:
1039:
1034:
1028:
1027:
1025:
1023:
1008:
1002:
1001:
961:
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954:
952:
950:
922:
916:
915:
913:
911:
897:
873:Japanese holdout
717:
710:
706:
703:
697:
666:
658:
644:
632:
625:
621:
618:
612:
581:
573:
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543:"Nippon Seishin"
539:
526:
498:
400:forces occupied
364:
363:
352:
351:
339:
338:
332:
331:
316:
315:
271:• Ruled by
265:10 December 1941
179:
165:
144:
137:
136:
123:
122:
114:
107:
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100:
94:
92:
51:
27:
19:
2426:
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2421:
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2419:
2417:
2416:
2415:
2346:History of Guam
2331:
2330:
2329:
2324:
2293:
2274:Radio Barrigada
2269:Naval Base Guam
2257:Northwest Field
2235:
2137:Chamorro Nation
2123:
2048:
1940:
1931:Orote Peninsula
1851:
1798:
1786:
1777:
1747:
1742:
1719:
1718:
1708:
1706:
1696:
1694:
1684:
1682:
1672:
1670:
1660:
1658:
1648:
1646:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1623:
1621:
1616:Occupied Malaya
1610:
1608:
1598:
1596:
1586:
1584:
1574:
1572:
1562:
1560:
1550:
1548:
1538:
1536:
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1501:
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1441:
1439:
1429:
1427:
1417:
1415:
1405:
1403:
1393:
1391:
1381:
1379:
1370:
1364:Empire of Japan
1360:
1330:
1325:
1300:
1221:
1183:
1174:
1170:Solomon Islands
1126:Gilbert Islands
1102:
1096:Empire of Japan
1089:
1047:
1042:
1035:
1031:
1021:
1019:
1010:
1009:
1005:
962:
958:
948:
946:
923:
919:
909:
907:
899:
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881:
869:
847:
806:
767:Hideyoshi Obata
732:Orote Peninsula
728:
718:
707:
701:
698:
683:
667:
656:
633:
622:
616:
613:
598:
582:
571:
508:Chamorro people
477:
471:
463:George McMillin
436:Mariana Islands
424:
418:
394:history of Guam
361:
336:
303:
293:
286:Orote Peninsula
275:
262:
238:
200:Empire of Japan
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115:
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28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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2289:Ordnance Annex
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2207:
2197:
2192:
2190:Liberation Day
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2182:
2139:
2133:
2131:
2125:
2124:
2122:
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2114:
2109:
2104:
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2079:
2074:
2069:
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2058:
2056:
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2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1950:
1948:
1942:
1941:
1939:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1914:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1867:
1861:
1859:
1853:
1852:
1850:
1849:
1847:Transportation
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1812:Communications
1808:
1806:
1800:
1799:
1791:
1788:
1787:
1776:
1775:
1768:
1761:
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1741:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1724:
1721:
1720:
1717:
1716:
1704:
1692:
1680:
1678:Occupied Nauru
1668:
1656:
1644:
1632:
1620:
1618:
1606:
1594:
1582:
1570:
1558:
1546:
1534:
1521:
1509:
1507:State of Burma
1497:
1485:
1473:
1461:
1449:
1437:
1425:
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54:Find sources:
48:
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38:
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32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
2381:1944 in Guam
2376:1943 in Guam
2371:1942 in Guam
2116:
2091:
2082:U.S. capture
1908:Cocos Island
1817:Demographics
1792:
1665:
1368:World War II
1282:West Sumatra
1201:
1100:World War II
1032:
1020:. Retrieved
1015:
1006:
976:(1): 19–35.
973:
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959:
947:. Retrieved
934:
930:
920:
908:. Retrieved
904:
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783:
779:
771:
752:
729:
708:
699:
684:Please help
672:
638:
623:
614:
599:Please help
587:
563:Japanese yen
556:
529:
517:Japanese yen
504:Japanization
501:
478:
449:
438:between the
425:
409:
406:World War II
389:
387:
325:Succeeded by
324:
319:
296:21 July 1944
247:World War II
120:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
2411:Axis powers
2195:Latte stone
2185:Guam Museum
2159:Kaddon pika
2151:Fina'denne'
2102:Organic Act
2062:Earthquakes
1865:Apra Harbor
1738:Pacific War
1267:Netherlands
1217:Wake Island
1212:Philippines
905:www.nps.gov
830:US Congress
775:Apra Harbor
485:army troops
432:Pacific War
320:Preceded by
2335:Categories
2298:Healthcare
2143:Chalakiles
2029:Talo'fo'fo
1959:Asan‑Maina
1837:Government
1277:New Guinea
1155:New Guinea
879:References
855:Asan, Guam
836:, and the
755:beachheads
410:Ōmiya-Jima
278:March 1942
215:(official)
142:Ōmiya-Jima
69:newspapers
2279:NCTS Guam
2141:Cuisine (
1964:Barrigada
1917:Mountains
1857:Geography
1827:Geography
1797:(capital)
1780:Territory
1387:Manchukuo
1312:Manchukuo
1305:1931–1945
1238:Mengkiang
1165:Singapore
1131:Hong Kong
1022:8 January
998:144832405
990:0022-3344
786:Barrigada
702:June 2021
673:does not
642:kaikontai
617:June 2021
588:does not
495:kenpeitai
481:Chamorros
448:USS
153:1941–1944
2179:Tinaktak
2175:Roskette
2167:Kelaguen
2067:Typhoons
2034:Tamuning
2024:Sinajana
1999:Mangilao
1994:Inalåhan
1946:Villages
1883:Talofofo
1289:Portugal
1250:Cambodia
1016:BBC News
867:See also
853:near to
537:keibitai
523:Minseibu
456:scuttled
440:Japanese
219:Chamorro
213:Japanese
2220:Schools
2163:Kalamai
2155:Guyuria
2147:Estufao
2129:Culture
2054:History
2004:Malesso
1989:Humåtak
1984:Hagåtña
1893:Beaches
1842:History
1832:Geology
1822:Economy
1794:Hagåtña
1366:during
1260:Vietnam
1098:during
1094:by the
937:(2–3).
814:Hagatna
738:landed
694:removed
679:sources
609:removed
594:sources
552:English
450:Penguin
404:during
292:begins
258:•
234:Spanish
224:English
198:by the
83:scholar
2171:Latiya
1974:Dededo
1921:Lamlam
1912:Lagoon
1869:Bays (
1804:Topics
1529:
1245:France
1145:Malaya
996:
988:
949:25 May
945:: 9–25
910:29 May
832:, the
515:, the
444:Allied
229:German
192:Status
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
2240:Bases
2200:Music
1979:Hågat
1887:Tumon
1233:China
1226:Other
1207:Kiska
1150:Nauru
1136:India
1116:Burma
994:S2CID
559:copra
489:Agana
90:JSTOR
76:books
2044:Yona
2039:Yigo
2014:Piti
1910:and
1879:Piti
1875:Pago
1871:Agat
1784:Guam
1255:Laos
1202:Guam
1197:Attu
1024:2022
986:ISSN
951:2011
939:Guam
912:2024
821:the
798:1972
677:any
675:cite
592:any
590:cite
454:was
442:and
426:The
402:Guam
388:The
381:Guam
62:news
1782:of
978:doi
688:by
603:by
135:大宮島
45:by
2337::
2177:,
2173:,
2169:,
2165:,
2161:,
2157:,
2153:,
2149:,
2145:,
1923:,
1885:,
1881:,
1877:,
1873:,
1319::
1138::
1014:.
992:.
984:.
974:36
972:.
968:.
941::
933:.
929:.
903:.
886:^
800:.
499:.
288:,
2206:)
2202:(
2181:)
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1919:(
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1000:.
980::
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709:(
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696:.
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624:(
619:)
615:(
611:.
597:.
112:)
106:(
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97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
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