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156:
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941:
228:
27:
163:
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513:
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423:, which provided logistical support for the research effort as well as for the establishment of the Jinnah Antarctic Station. The first expedition landed on 15 January, before they formally established the summer research station (Jinnah I) on 25 January 1991.
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frequently visited the area. Pakistani naval engineers and scientists oversaw the development of the base. In 2001, the data operational system was linked to the
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2009:
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457:. During this expedition they also established a new automatic weather station, the Iqbal Observatory, 125 kilometres south of the station at
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The station was used by the second
Pakistani Antarctic expedition in 1992–1993, when they established a new field station, Jinnah II, at
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63:
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scientists visited the base, where they set up and installed an advanced, supercomputer-equipped facility, run by the
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The facilities were quickly expanded by the
National Institute of Oceanography. Government advisors belonging to the
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596:. In 2010, Pakistan's government approved a plan to expand the JAS facility into a permanent operational base.
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engineers and scientists built a small airstrip, and a control room to monitor flights to and from
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satellite, beginning regular transmission of digital imagery of the region to NIO headquarters in
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Pakistan currently maintains one summertime research station and the Iqbal weather observatory in
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826:"Jinnah Antarctic Station (JAS): Antarctic Scientific Research Station"
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355:
905:
884:"Pakistan wishes to relaunch its Antarctic programme"
692:
Exploring polar frontiers: a historical encyclopedia
981:
760:"Pakistan Scientific Expedition to Antarctica 1991"
51:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2799:Council of Managers of National Antarctic Programs
652:
650:
3012:
162:
841:"Pakistan eager to revive Antarctic expedition"
782:
647:
3036:History of science and technology in Pakistan
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967:
16:Pakistani research station in East Antarctica
901:National Institute of Oceanography Pakistan
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974:
960:
838:
820:
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738:Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research
405:Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research
133:
609:Communication gears were set up with the
556:Learn how and when to remove this message
111:Learn how and when to remove this message
876:
788:
656:
832:
815:
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123:Antarctic research station in Pakistan
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1462:
993:
955:
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791:A Chronology of Antarctic exploration
689:
659:A Chronology of Antarctic exploration
497:Norwegian-claimed Antarctic territory
2990:
853:
770:from the original on 11 January 2020
752:
702:
694:. Vol. 1 (A–M). Santa Barbara:
683:
506:
49:adding citations to reliable sources
20:
730:
724:
630:List of Antarctic research stations
616:As part of a joint effort with the
588:and SUPARCO's scientists. In 2005,
13:
733:"SCAR Member Countries and Unions"
714:National Institute of Oceanography
570:Ministry of Science and Technology
417:Ministry of Science and Technology
413:National Institute of Oceanography
356:National Institute of Oceanography
286:(33 years, 8 months ago)
267:National Institute of Oceanography
14:
3057:
3041:1991 establishments in Antarctica
894:
379:, it lies in the vicinity of the
3046:Memorials to Muhammad Ali Jinnah
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939:
927:
915:
604:
511:
226:
161:
154:
25:
983:Research stations in Antarctica
866:Polar Conservation Organisation
860:Molle, Kris (29 October 2010).
611:United States Antarctic Program
36:needs additional citations for
2491:
994:
839:Sana Jamal (25 October 2020).
1:
640:
635:List of Antarctic field camps
502:
3026:Pakistan Antarctic Programme
789:Headland, Robert K. (2009).
657:Headland, Robert K. (2009).
409:Pakistan Antarctic Programme
373:Pakistan Antarctic Programme
263:Pakistan Antarctic Programme
7:
3031:Nawaz Sharif administration
623:
531:. The specific problem is:
10:
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1894:
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394:
369:Antarctic research station
143:Antarctic research station
60:"Jinnah Antarctic Station"
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1900:
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989:
862:"Pakistan and Antarctica"
849:. Event occurs at 18:01.
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277:25 January 1991
273:
258:
239:
221:
186:
149:
140:
128:
2649:Antarctic/Southern Ocean
365:Jinnah Antarctic Station
169:Jinnah Antarctic Station
132:
130:Jinnah Antarctic Station
2234:Pole of Inaccessibility
403:became a member of the
399:In 1991, shortly after
3021:Outposts of Antarctica
240:Location in Antarctica
764:www.istampgallery.com
476:71.46000°S 25.29000°E
387:, and is named after
381:Sør Rondane Mountains
244:Sør Rondane Mountains
134:جناح جنوبی قطب اسٹیشن
1545:St. Kliment Ohridski
710:"Antarctic Research"
690:Mills, J.M. (2003).
538:improve this section
527:to meet Knowledge's
419:; it was led by the
411:was launched by the
45:improve this article
2962:Robert Falcon Scott
2619:South magnetic pole
2577:Antarctic Peninsula
2572:Biogeographic realm
1795:Gabriel de Castilla
872:on 28 January 2012.
828:. 18 November 2020.
600:Foreign cooperation
481:-71.46000; 25.29000
472: /
441: /
389:Muhammad Ali Jinnah
297:Muhammad Ali Jinnah
202: /
2900:Telecommunications
2814:Territorial claims
1533:Princess Elisabeth
886:. 24 October 2020.
766:. 5 January 2017.
720:on 15 August 2010.
590:Pakistan Air Force
3008:
3007:
2967:Ernest Shackleton
2895:Research stations
2840:Antarctic English
2809:National programs
2804:Military activity
2778:COVID-19 pandemic
2735:
2734:
2604:Floristic Kingdom
2509:Antarctic sea ice
2459:
2458:
2455:
2454:
1995:Drescher Ice Camp
1885:
1884:
1454:
1453:
1450:
1449:
1380:Comandante Ferraz
1100:Profesor Escudero
1090:General O'Higgins
808:978-0-9550852-8-4
676:978-0-9550852-8-4
566:
565:
558:
529:quality standards
520:This section may
445:70.833°S 25.167°E
361:
360:
121:
120:
113:
95:
3053:
2993:
2992:
2983:
2982:
2957:James Clark Ross
2929:Famous explorers
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2479:
2472:
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2259:
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2034:Dakshin Gangotri
2018:
1891:
1890:
1460:
1459:
1298:Novolazarevskaya
1166:Dumont d'Urville
1002:
1001:
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868:. Archived from
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812:
786:
780:
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728:
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721:
716:. Archived from
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371:operated by the
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175:Location within
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53:
29:
21:
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3011:
3010:
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3004:
2971:
2941:Richard E. Byrd
2924:
2885:Protected areas
2823:
2787:
2744:
2731:
2688:
2642:Bodies of Water
2637:
2626:West Antarctica
2582:East Antarctica
2560:
2495:
2490:
2460:
2451:
2440:
2426:World Park Base
2404:Little Rockford
2270:
2253:
2241:
2224:
2202:
2160:
2012:
1896:
1881:
1582:Julio Ripamonti
1567:González Videla
1479:Almirante Brown
1465:
1446:
1363:
1335:
1312:
1274:
1251:
1132:
1104:
1095:Presidente Frei
1071:
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985:
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938:
928:
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906:
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891:
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877:
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837:
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824:
823:
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809:
801:. p. 552.
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669:. p. 539.
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493:Queen Maud Land
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450:-70.833; 25.167
449:
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428:
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385:Queen Maud Land
377:East Antarctica
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248:Queen Maud Land
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2951:Ui-te-Rangiora
2948:
2946:Douglas Mawson
2943:
2938:
2936:Roald Amundsen
2932:
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2875:Gateway cities
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2835:Antarctica Day
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2705:Microorganisms
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2669:List of rivers
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2599:Extreme points
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2519:Climate change
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2433:Joint Stations
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2399:Little America
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2282:United Kingdom
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2239:Salyut Station
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1875:Elichiribehety
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1836:United Kingdom
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1763:Leningradskaya
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1621:Czech Republic
1618:
1617:
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1600:
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1574:
1572:Guillermo Mann
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1349:Amundsen-Scott
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1328:
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1288:Bellingshausen
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1234:United Kingdom
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1144:Czech Republic
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922:Earth sciences
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375:. Located in
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62: –
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56:Find sources:
50:
46:
40:
39:
34:This article
32:
28:
23:
22:
19:
2865:Firefighting
2850:Demographics
2773:Colonization
2768:World War II
2432:
2420:
2363:
2292:Port Lockroy
2281:
2251:Sodruzhestvo
2185:Druzhnaya IV
2175:Druzhnaya II
2153:Soviet Union
2152:
2146:Sarie Marais
2121:South Africa
2120:
2108:
2091:
2074:
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2046:Giacomo Bove
2040:
2028:
1989:
1972:
1955:
1943:
1931:
1915:Belgrano III
1904:
1869:
1852:
1841:Fossil Bluff
1835:
1823:
1806:
1789:
1757:
1751:Law-Racoviță
1745:
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1727:Machu Picchu
1721:
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1577:Jorge Boonen
1551:
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1411:South Africa
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1178:Neumayer III
1172:
1155:
1143:
1085:Captain Prat
878:
870:the original
855:
844:
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772:. Retrieved
763:
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742:. Retrieved
736:
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718:the original
712:. Pakistan:
704:
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543:
536:Please help
532:
521:
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425:
398:
364:
362:
347:Oceanography
250:(claimed by
211:-70.4; 25.75
107:
98:
88:
81:
74:
67:
55:
43:Please help
38:verification
35:
18:
2953:(legendary)
2860:Field camps
2758:Expeditions
2684:Weddell Sea
2664:Lake Vostok
2659:Lake Mercer
2531:Ice shelves
2441: [
2271: [
2254: [
2242: [
2225: [
2217:Pionerskaya
2203: [
2170:Druzhnaya I
2161: [
2114:Dobrowolski
2075:New Zealand
2022:Neumayer II
2013: [
1983:Port Martin
1739:Dobrowolski
1686:New Zealand
1521:Vechernyaya
1399:New Zealand
1331:King Sejong
1318:South Korea
1014:Belgrano II
580:. In 2002,
540:if you can.
479: /
448: /
274:Established
209: /
101:August 2015
3015:Categories
2763:Heroic Age
2614:South Pole
2524:Heat waves
2493:Antarctica
2263:Sovetskaya
2126:Borga Base
2010:Neumayer I
1910:Belgrano I
1829:ITU PolReC
1587:Risopatrón
1149:Eco-Nelson
1118:Great Wall
1039:San Martín
995:Year-round
641:References
503:Facilities
467:25°17′24″E
464:71°27′36″S
415:under the
344:Activities
281:1991-01-25
177:Antarctica
71:newspapers
2915:Transport
2654:Lake CECs
2631:ice sheet
2587:ice sheet
2556:Volcanoes
2546:Mountains
2501:Geography
2438:Weddell-1
2389:Ellsworth
2379:East Base
2357:Station W
2352:Station V
2347:Station T
2342:Station P
2337:Station O
2332:Station N
2327:Station J
2322:Station G
2317:Station F
2312:Station E
2307:Station D
2302:Station C
2297:Station B
2287:South Ice
2141:SANAE III
2063:Dome Fuji
1932:Australia
1920:Ellsworth
1905:Argentina
1679:Zucchelli
1638:Maldonado
1509:Primavera
1489:Decepción
1474:Argentina
1326:Jang Bogo
1226:Vernadsky
1214:Arctowski
1190:Concordia
1161:Concordia
1123:Zhongshan
1049:Australia
1024:Esperanza
1006:Argentina
934:Geography
774:7 October
731:Curator.
546:July 2022
304:Time zone
292:Named for
2985:Category
2890:Religion
2792:Politics
2710:Wildlife
2679:Ross Sea
2541:Glaciers
2369:Brockton
2268:Vostok I
2136:SANAE II
2102:Maudheim
2005:Filchner
1863:Shirreff
1778:Russkaya
1773:Progress
1710:Pakistan
1667:Gondwana
1557:Carvajal
1540:Bulgaria
1499:Melchior
1494:Matienzo
1416:SANAE IV
1303:Progress
1029:Marambio
946:Pakistan
846:GulfNews
799:Quaritch
768:Archived
696:ABC-CLIO
667:Quaritch
624:See also
594:Pakistan
522:require
401:Pakistan
323:Seasonal
309:UTC+3:00
234:Pakistan
2995:Commons
2910:Tourism
2855:Economy
2828:Society
2750:History
2720:Mammals
2609:Islands
2565:Regions
2536:Geology
2514:Climate
2409:Plateau
2394:Hallett
2195:Lazarev
2158:Druzhba
2131:SANAE I
2080:Hallett
1990:Germany
1978:Charcot
1944:Belgium
1870:Uruguay
1746:Romania
1657:Germany
1645:Finland
1633:Ecuador
1614:Taishan
1562:Collins
1528:Belgium
1516:Belarus
1440:Artigas
1435:Uruguay
1354:McMurdo
1265:Bharati
1245:Rothera
1221:Ukraine
1173:Germany
1128:Qinling
1034:Orcadas
1019:Carlini
908:Portals
744:29 July
582:SUPARCO
578:Karachi
524:cleanup
436:25°10′E
433:70°50′S
395:History
352:Website
339:No Data
279: (
222:Country
197:25°45′E
194:70°24′S
85:scholar
2592:shield
2551:Tundra
2384:Eights
2222:Pobeda
2109:Poland
2097:Norway
2092:Norway
2068:Mizuho
1973:France
1937:Wilkes
1925:Sobral
1895:Closed
1824:Turkey
1807:Sweden
1758:Russia
1734:Poland
1715:Jinnah
1698:Norway
1662:Kohnen
1626:Mendel
1609:Kunlun
1597:Yelcho
1504:Petrel
1484:Cámara
1464:Summer
1423:Turkey
1375:Brazil
1368:Others
1359:Palmer
1308:Vostok
1280:Russia
1270:Maitri
1240:Halley
1209:Poland
1197:Norway
1156:France
1137:Europe
1067:Mawson
805:
795:London
673:
663:London
574:Badr-B
407:, the
367:is an
336:Status
331:Summer
328:Period
252:Norway
231:
87:
80:
73:
66:
58:
3000:Index
2920:Women
2870:Flags
2845:Crime
2783:Years
2725:Krill
2715:Birds
2700:Flora
2445:]
2421:Other
2414:Siple
2275:]
2258:]
2246:]
2229:]
2212:Oasis
2207:]
2165:]
2085:Vanda
2058:Asuka
2053:Japan
2041:Italy
2029:India
2017:]
1956:Chile
1858:Lenie
1846:Signy
1790:Spain
1783:Soyuz
1691:Vanda
1674:Italy
1604:China
1552:Chile
1404:Scott
1392:Showa
1387:Japan
1293:Mirny
1257:India
1202:Troll
1185:Italy
1110:China
1077:Chile
1062:Davis
1057:Casey
265:(via
92:JSTOR
78:books
2905:Time
2693:Life
2374:Byrd
1817:Wasa
1812:Svea
1722:Peru
1650:Aboa
1428:TARS
803:ISBN
776:2020
746:2022
671:ISBN
495:, a
363:The
320:Type
313:SYOT
64:news
2200:Mir
1703:Tor
586:NIO
383:in
47:by
3017::
2443:ru
2273:es
2256:ru
2244:lt
2227:ru
2205:ru
2163:ru
2015:de
864:.
843:.
817:^
797::
793:.
762:.
735:.
665::
661:.
649:^
613:.
499:.
488:.
391:.
246:,
2485:e
2478:t
2471:v
975:e
968:t
961:v
910::
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