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Pakistan's second
Antarctic expedition happened in 1992 and 1993. This expedition visited the 1991 station (Jinnah I), and then went on to establish a new field station at a second location (Jinnah II). This expedition also established an unmanned automatic Weather Station at a third location (the
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of the NIO stated that while she was keen to see
Pakistani researchers return to Antarctica, she considered it more feasible for them to participate in multinational Antarctic expeditions, as independent expeditions were considered too expensive.
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environment. Apart from this, useful environmental and oceanographic data has been collected in the region, and relevant technical information on
Antarctic affairs has been provided to the Pakistani government.
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222:(SCAR), of which Pakistan is an associate member. Pakistanis have gained experience and capability by launching two major expeditions, thus strengthening
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The NIO expressed interest in establishing a perennial
Antarctic station in October 2010, but as of March 2023 the plans have not been realised.
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A number of national organisations are involved in
Antarctic activities and are active participants in the Pakistan Antarctic Programme.
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established the programme under the direction of the Navy. On 15 June 1992, Pakistan became an
Associate Member of the
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53:. The program coordinates scientific research and operational support in the region. The program is funded by the
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desire to revitalize expeditions in
Antarctica by Pakistani scientists in collaboration with friendly countries
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is the centre of most operations, and travel to and from
Antarctica is done through the airfield at the JAS.
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The main objectives of the
Pakistan Antarctic Programme are to undertake multidisciplinary research and
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145:. In 2006, Pakistan established the National Institute of Oceanography's Polar Research Cell (PRC).
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Pakistan maintains two summer research stations and one weather observatory in the vicinity of the
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Currently, the PAP maintains and controls two polar stations in the region: the
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408:. Ministry of Science & Technology, Government of Pakistan. Archived from
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113:. As the programme was led by the Navy, the PN dispatched a small group of
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Pakistan's research activities are in conformity with the tenets of the
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Iqbal
Observatory), from which data are transmitted to Pakistan via the
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64:(JNS), and the Polar Research Cell (PRC), which was established by the
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90:'s Naval Weapons Engineering Division (NWED). In 1991, Prime minister
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stated that Pakistan is developing a full-fledged permanent base in
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295:. NIO and Ministry of Science and Technology (MoST). Archived from
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the Antarctic region, with particular attention to geology and
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was connected to the Weather Station after it was launched by
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In January 1991, Pakistan dispatched its first expedition to
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125:. Facilities were quickly established in the region, and
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Both stations' data are transmitted to Pakistan via the
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68:to co-ordinate all Antarctic related activities.
37:) is a scientific administrative division of the
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527:National Aerospace Science & Technology Park
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366:"Pakistan eager to revive Antarctic expedition"
747:History of science and technology in Pakistan
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226:'s ability to conduct research in the harsh
82:The Antarctic Programme was launched by the
57:and the Ministry of Science and Technology.
471:National Institute of Oceanography, Karachi
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220:Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research
96:Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research
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285:(NIO), National Institute of Oceanography
159:was launched in late 2011 to replace the
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157:Pakistan Remote Sensing Satellite System
84:National Institute of Oceanography (NIO)
66:National Institute of Oceanography (NIO)
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193:stations on the continent of Antarctica
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732:Science and technology in Antarctica
670:Scientific and technological history
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742:Naval operations involving Pakistan
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166:In October 2010, a source with the
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727:Science and technology in Pakistan
640:List of inventions and discoveries
513:Science and technology in Pakistan
406:National Institute of Oceanography
293:National Institute of Oceanography
39:Ministry of Science and Technology
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30:برنامہَ پاکستان برائے قطبِ جنوبی
440:Polar Conservation Organisation
434:Molle, Kris (29 October 2010).
364:Jamal, Sana (25 October 2020).
191:Nations of the world that have
16:Pakistani government initiative
289:"Antarctic Research Programme"
1:
336:Encyclopedia of the Antarctic
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161:Badr satellite system program
722:Pakistan Antarctic Programme
155:Satellite. However, the new
98:, but did not accede to the
41:(MoST) which represents the
21:Pakistan Antarctic Programme
7:
737:Nawaz Sharif administration
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86:, with the full support of
55:Pakistan Science Foundation
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330:Riffenburgh, Beau (2007).
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109:under the auspices of the
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436:"Pakistan and Antarctica"
129:(JNS) was commissioned.
102:due to economic reasons.
374:. Event occurs at 18:01
259:Jinnah Antarctic Station
241:Jinnah Antarctic Station
127:Jinnah Antarctic Station
121:and the research vessel
78:Jinnah Antarctic Station
62:Jinnah Antarctic Station
207:. Studies also include
623:Information technology
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135:Argos Satellite System
43:Government of Pakistan
573:Non-renewable energy
532:Aeronautical industry
247:Sør Rondane Mountains
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76:Further information:
402:"Antarctic Research"
680:Automotive industry
628:Telecommunications
412:on 17 February 2012
645:List of scientists
469:Antarctic Research
446:on 28 January 2012
255:Eastern Antarctica
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107:Greater Antarctica
33:), abbreviated as
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599:Renewable energy
554:Defence industry
544:Antarctic program
345:978-0-415-97024-2
306:on 7 October 2006
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660:Military history
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448:. Retrieved
444:the original
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414:. Retrieved
410:the original
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376:. Retrieved
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308:. Retrieved
297:the original
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92:Nawaz Sharif
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614:Wind energy
604:Hydro-power
416:29 December
378:24 December
195:as of 2016.
716:Categories
655:Metallurgy
523:Aerospace
332:"Pakistan"
268:References
215:research.
205:geophysics
183:Objectives
172:Antarctica
51:Antarctica
694:motorways
690:Highways
675:Transport
559:Education
450:3 October
310:24 August
302:Web cache
228:Antarctic
119:PNS Tariq
47:continent
699:Railways
685:Aviation
371:GulfNews
235:Stations
224:Pakistan
143:SUPARCO
72:History
45:on the
665:Mining
342:
257:. The
201:survey
153:Badr-B
139:Badr-B
650:Media
253:, in
692:and
577:Coal
452:2011
418:2011
380:2020
340:ISBN
312:2010
211:and
25:Urdu
19:The
587:Oil
582:Gas
168:NIO
111:NIO
49:of
35:PAP
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