270:(SHRM) found that eight out of ten resource professionals said they regularly conduct reference checks for professional (89%), executive (85%), administrative (84%) and technical (81%) positions. Candidates are advised to ensure that they provide a suitable list of referees to their new prospective employer or institution, and to contact those referees to ensure that they are able and willing to provide a suitable reference. In some cases, employers will contact a candidate's former company for a reference even if no contact is supplied by the candidate.
3091:
125:. An employment reference letter is usually written by a former employer or manager, but references can also be requested from co-workers, customers, and vendors. Teachers and professors often supply references for former students. Reference letters for organizations are usually supplied by parties to which the company has provided similar services in the past.
458:) from their employer when leaving a job. While the relieving letter may also serve as a letter of recommendation, the specific purpose of the relieving letter is to prove to any new employer that the applicant properly resigned from their old job and fulfilled all obligations to the former employer, such as working the notice period.
406:
The Court of Appeal has further held that, if an employee leaves when an investigation is ongoing but has not been concluded, or where issues arise after an employee leaves that have not been investigated, employers can disclose this information but should do so in a measured and fair way, which will
257:
If the letter is addressed to a particular requester, the letter will often be sent directly to that requester, and not to the applicant. In that case, applicants usually have the right to view a copy of the letter. Some applications, such as professional schools, give applicants the choice to waive
414:
issued an information note clarifying that government departments are permitted to issue references relating to suppliers, and that failure to do so, reflecting a belief that policy matters prevented references from being issued, could have a detrimental effect on companies' development, especially
390:
has held that "a reference must not give an unfair or misleading impression overall, even if its discrete components are factually correct." However, while a reference must be accurate and fair, it is not necessary to report all material facts concerning an individual, but it can be argued that, if
229:
This language established itself as an unwritten code in the employment world. Its purpose was to give even weakly performing employees a letter of recommendation that does not sound negative. However, the euphemistically glazed-over descriptions are now codified and generally known, so that the
253:
is usually issued automatically to a leaving employee, and is therefore not addressed to a particular requester. A letter of recommendation for a university of college in the US is usually written for and addressed to a specific institution the student wants to apply to.
50:, is a document in which the writer assesses the qualities, characteristics, and capabilities of the person being recommended in terms of that individual's ability to perform a particular task or function. Letters of recommendation are typically related to
465:, for example, this is regulated in the Kerala Shops and Commercial Establishments Bill Despite this, employers will sometimes deny or delay providing a relieving letter, which makes it difficult for a leaving employee to start a new job.
1143:
5F.Issue of service certificate. Every employer shall provide service certificate to the employees, in such manner as may be prescribed, at the time of resignation or retrenchment or superannuation or while applying for another
278:
Some employers may not be willing to provide reference letters because they may be concerned about potential lawsuits. In this case, the employer may only provide the job title, dates of employment, and salary history. Finland,
367:
In the United
Kingdom, references received by an employer from another person or organization can be disclosed to the person about whom they are written under the subject access provisions of the
434:
are issuing rules that will require the furnishing of references, before any approval or certification may be given by them, as well as specifying the information that they must contain.
258:
their right to view their letters. Usually, applicants are encouraged to waive their rights because if they do not, it is a sign they are not confident in their recommenders.
737:
1017:
2234:
1066:
242:
specifically requested to be written about someone, and therefore addressed to a particular requester (such as a new employer, university admissions officer)
403:
case, ruled that, in preparing a reference, it was not reasonable to provide details of complaints against an employee of which the employee was not aware.
371:, but certain confidentiality considerations apply as to the identity of the person giving the reference. As a result, together with the duty of care under
344:. If an employer goes beyond what a reference should contain, or if it gives inaccurate or misleading information, liability may arise in the areas of
423:
for which a reference has been requested, and issued by a member of staff formally authorized to speak for the organization providing the reference.
1052:
431:
419:. The information note emphasized the importance of references being based on evidence and contemporaneous records, related to a specific proposed
1004:
172:
some text with the actual recommendation itself (e.g. 'I unequivocally recommend ... as a ... and would be happy to hire him/ her again').
2072:
2050:
2976:
862:
826:
303:
where employees can legally claim an employment reference, including the right to a correct, unambiguous, and benevolent appraisal.
2820:
2382:
1502:
3001:
82:. Financial institutions, such as banks, may ask other institutions for references to judge, for example, a potential customer's
2872:
2318:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1616:
851:
266:
Most potential employers will contact referees to obtain references before offering a job to a new employee. A survey by the
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1182:
1167:
957:
592:
572:
552:
267:
668:
2877:
1770:
1252:
804:
387:
1090:
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700:
416:
3114:
2289:
2077:
2045:
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797:
627:
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to ensure that, where one is provided, it is accurate and fair and not give a misleading impression, as held by the
3099:
63:
395:
is misleadingly incomplete, the employer can be sued by a subsequent employer for breaching its duty of care. The
3109:
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340:
3119:
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230:
original cryptic intent is no longer served. Nonetheless, it is still standard to use this codified language.
2970:
2862:
2274:
1827:
1048:
705:
565:
Das
Arbeitszeugnis in Recht und Praxis. Rechtliche Grundlagen, Musterzeugnisse, Textbausteine, Zeugnisanalyse
17:
326:, and thus "indicative of the type of conduct that ought to merit compensation by way of an addition to the
3051:
2224:
1280:
181:
In some countries, elements of performance are evaluated using established forms of expression, sometimes
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1034:
427:
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719:
89:
References may also be required of companies seeking to win contracts, particularly in the fields of
1203:. 11. Auflage. Richard Boorberg Verlag, Stuttgart, MĂĽnchen, Hannover, Berlin, Weimar, Dresden 2007,
3134:
3104:
2795:
2597:
2356:
2313:
2279:
1785:
1775:
1245:
1135:
714:
606:
545:
Arbeitszeugnisse – wahr, klar und fair. Tipps und
Anregungen fĂĽr verantwortungsbewusste Arbeitgeber
411:
407:
be particularly important if to omit this information would mean providing a misleading reference.
368:
345:
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2780:
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2219:
2106:
2040:
1958:
949:
709:
461:
Generally, employers are legally required to provide a relieving letter to leaving employees. In
311:
70:
eligibility. They are usually written by someone who worked with or taught the person, such as a
877:
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2674:
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2414:
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1342:
837:
587:(dt./engl.). 5. Auflage. Haufe, Freiburg/Breisgau, Berlin, Planegg bei MĂĽnchen, WĂĽrzburg 2010,
349:
975:
943:
382:
The duty of care has also been held to apply in non-reference situations, as noted in 2011 in
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2306:
1842:
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8:
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361:
1049:"Strengthening accountability in banking and insurance: regulatory references - CP36/15"
897:
652:
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2500:
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1031:"CP15/31: Strengthening accountability in banking and insurance: regulatory references"
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567:. 12. Auflage. Haufe, Freiburg/Breisgau, Berlin, Planegg bei MĂĽnchen, WĂĽrzburg 2009,
548:
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83:
1067:"india - What is a relieving letter? What are the consequences of not having one?"
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3006:
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2785:
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2402:
1740:
1507:
1310:
1285:
1275:
1115:"Did your employer ever deny the Experience Certificate? Read on. – People First"
882:
1201:
Arbeitszeugnisse in
Textbausteinen. Rationelle Erstellung, Analyse, Rechtsfragen
245:
or may be issued to the person being recommended without specifying an addressee
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2020:
1953:
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798:"Data Protection Good Practice Note: Subject access and employment references"
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98:
827:"Data Classification: Issuing of Staff and Student References Advisory Note"
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1136:"THE KERALA SHOPS AND COMMERCIAL ESTABLISHMENTS (AMENDMENT) BILL, 2014"
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94:
71:
51:
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133:
75:
1177:. 18. Auflage. Verlag Recht und Wirtschaft, Frankfurt am Main 2007,
113:, to assess their ability to deliver the required level of service.
2910:
1973:
1963:
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Website of
Occupational Safety and Health Administration in Finland
420:
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1968:
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has held that a refusal to do so may constitute "conduct that is
292:
284:
280:
160:
the employee's qualifications (foreign languages, special skills)
129:
79:
1005:
Procurement Policy Note 11/14: references and public procurement
665:
Zeugnisse lesen und verstehen. Formulierungen und ihre
Bedeutung
2664:
2012:
1656:
462:
300:
1091:"How To Write Relieving Letter: A Complete Guide With Example"
2525:
1230:
443:
157:
the employee's abilities, knowledge, creativity, intelligence
585:
Arbeitszeugnisse: Textbausteine und Tätigkeitsbeschreibungen
2565:
2008:
1162:. 3. Auflage. BW Bildung und Wissen Verlag, NĂĽrnberg 2008,
1018:
Procurement Policy Note – References and Public
Procurement
154:
the position relative to the author of the reference letter
144:
The employment reference letter can cover topics such as:
1548:
364:. It does not matter what form the reference might take.
852:"Human Resources Policy No. HR70: Employment References"
238:
Depending on context and issuer, letters can be either:
708: at par. 96-101, 3 SCR 701 (30 October 1997),
2235:
List of countries by rate of fatal workplace accidents
151:
the duration of employment or tasks/ responsibilities
223:
910:Bartholomew v London Borough Of Hackney & Anor
27:Document which assesses a person being recommended
1020:, published 10 December 2014, accessed 6 May 2021
1007:, published 10 December 2014, accessed 6 May 2021
3147:
732:
730:
728:
375:, many organizations have issued guidance as to
195:stets zu unserer vollsten Zufriedenheit erledigt
876:Salter, Michael; Bryden, Chris (24 June 2011).
781:Byrnell v British Telecommunications & Anor
722: at par. 57, 2 SCR 362 (27 June 2008)
273:
1246:
725:
437:
121:The person providing a reference is called a
64:admission to institutions of higher education
875:
583:Thorsten Knobbe, Mario Leis, Karsten UmnuĂź:
787: at para. 29, 32 (20 February 2009)
189:, the following terms are frequently used:
132:are usually written by a former teacher or
1253:
1239:
941:
233:
197:(always done to our complete satisfaction)
2977:Comprehensive Employment and Training Act
863:Shrewsbury and Telford Hospital NHS Trust
547:. 6. Auflage. Spektramedia, ZĂĽrich 2008,
379:to be undertaken by reference providers.
261:
148:the employee's tasks and responsibilities
2821:Job losses caused by the Great Recession
1503:Simultaneous recruiting of new graduates
525:. California State University Long Beach
3002:Credentialism and educational inflation
738:"Regulatory references: are you ready?"
663:Heinz-GĂĽnther Dachrodt, Erich Ullmann:
607:"References - Will They or Won't They?"
491:
489:
14:
3148:
2873:List of countries by unemployment rate
519:"Requesting Letters of Recommendation"
185:. For example, in the German-language
1234:
268:Society for Human Resource Management
202:stets zu unserer vollen Zufriedenheit
54:(such a letter may also be called an
1771:Practice-based professional learning
1214:
486:
388:Court of Appeal of England and Wales
225:(has endeavored to meet the demands)
2319:Workers' right to access the toilet
1196:. 60. Jg., Bd. 2, 2006, S. 791–799.
785:32 [2009] EWHC 727 (QB)
712:(Canada), subsequently affirmed in
391:an agreed reference arising from a
169:reason(s) of employment termination
24:
701:Wallace v United Grain Growers Ltd
417:small and medium sized enterprises
25:
3177:
1199:Arnulf Weuster, Brigitte Scheer:
1194:Monatsschrift fĂĽr Deutsches Recht
976:[1999] UKEAT 1145_97_0112
945:Smith & Wood's Employment Law
942:Smith, Ian; Baker, Aaron (2015).
805:Information Commissioner's Office
604:
495:
310:duty to provide a reference, the
204:(always to our full satisfaction)
3090:
3089:
2383:Corporate collapses and scandals
1226:. Vancouver: Lawson Lundell LLP.
988:Jackson v Liverpool City Council
898:[2011] EWHC 469 (QB)
446:, employees typically receive a
1152:
1128:
1107:
1083:
1059:
1053:Prudential Regulation Authority
1041:
1023:
1010:
997:
981:
966:
935:
919:
903:
869:
844:
819:
790:
774:
764:Spring v Guardian Assurance plc
756:
693:
681:
563:GĂĽnter Huber, Waltraud MĂĽller:
432:Prudential Regulation Authority
341:Spring v Guardian Assurance plc
209:zu unserer vollen Zufriedenheit
166:the employee's power of rapport
2883:Employment-to-population ratio
2255:Occupational health psychology
1260:
657:
645:
620:
598:
577:
557:
537:
511:
163:the employee's social attitude
13:
1:
2971:Works Progress Administration
2863:Unemployment Convention, 1919
2275:Personal protective equipment
1828:Occupational Outlook Handbook
1215:Gowe, Gregory T. (May 2006).
771:, 2 AC 296 (7 July 1994)
653:Section 81 of the Labour Code
480:
410:In 2014, the UK government's
3052:Psychopathy in the workplace
2225:Human factors and ergonomics
1071:The Workplace Stack Exchange
992:[2011] EWCA Civ 1068
914:[1998] EWCA Civ 1604
7:
3037:Narcissism in the workplace
2250:Occupational exposure limit
1035:Financial Conduct Authority
1003:Crown Commercial Services,
930:[2001] EWCA Civ 649
926:Cox v Sun Alliance Life Ltd
688:Lawton v BOC Transhield Ltd
628:"Certificate of employment"
498:"References for employment"
468:
428:Financial Conduct Authority
274:Duty to provide a reference
176:
10:
3182:
2966:Civil Works Administration
2848:Technological unemployment
2324:Workplace health promotion
1781:Professional certification
1478:Personality–job fit theory
1016:Crown Commercial Service,
438:Relieving letters in India
397:Employment Appeal Tribunal
299:are the only countries in
211:(to our full satisfaction)
139:
116:
3085:
2984:
2946:Guaranteed minimum income
2903:
2744:
2618:
2531:Organizational commitment
2483:
2375:
2342:
2205:
2130:
2007:
1934:
1868:
1655:
1577:
1521:
1371:
1268:
3115:Aspects of organizations
2796:Involuntary unemployment
2357:Equal pay for equal work
2280:Repetitive strain injury
1786:Professional development
1776:Professional association
1458:Letter of recommendation
878:"Gone but not forgotten"
715:Honda Canada Inc v Keays
412:Crown Commercial Service
369:Data Protection Act 1998
346:breach of statutory duty
216:zu unserer Zufriedenheit
32:letter of recommendation
3100:Aspects of corporations
3062:Slow movement (culture)
2941:Employer of last resort
2843:Structural unemployment
2781:Frictional unemployment
2220:Epilepsy and employment
2107:Performance-related pay
2041:National average salary
1959:996 working hour system
950:Oxford University Press
900: (11 February 2011)
894:McKie v Swindon College
386:. In another case, the
384:McKie v Swindon College
312:Supreme Court of Canada
234:Recipient of the letter
3110:Aspects of occupations
2916:Unemployment insurance
2868:Unemployment extension
2838:Reserve army of labour
2643:Constructive dismissal
2450:Sleeping while on duty
2415:Exploitation of labour
2297:Sick building syndrome
1473:Person–environment fit
1343:Independent contractor
916: (23 October 1998)
838:University of Stirling
452:experience certificate
350:negligent misstatement
262:Checking of references
249:For example, a German
128:Reference letters for
3120:Aspects of workplaces
2858:Unemployment benefits
2853:Types of unemployment
2791:Graduate unemployment
2685:Letter of resignation
2314:Workers' compensation
2307:Occupational fatality
1816:Vocational university
1416:Employment counsellor
973:TSB Bank Plc v Harris
769:[1994] UKHL 7
218:(to our satisfaction)
105:, and with regard to
36:recommendation letter
2926:Job creation program
2702:Mandatory retirement
2655:Employee offboarding
2475:Workplace incivility
2470:Workplace harassment
2245:Occupational disease
2240:Occupational burnout
2155:Disability insurance
1999:Workweek and weekend
1806:Vocational education
1721:Continuing education
1559:Permanent employment
393:settlement agreement
322:" with respect to a
56:employment reference
2831:Recession-proof job
2826:Lists of recessions
2764:Economic depression
2712:Retirement planning
2593:Work–life interface
2430:Employee monitoring
2398:Corporate behaviour
2388:Accounting scandals
2270:Occupational stress
2260:Occupational injury
1796:Reflective practice
1791:Professional school
1513:Work-at-home scheme
1433:Induction programme
1411:Employment contract
1391:Business networking
1217:"Reference Letters"
1095:Indeed Career Guide
994: (15 June 2011)
671:-Verlag Wien 2000,
456:service certificate
362:malicious falsehood
40:letter of reference
3094:See also templates
2931:Job creation index
2895:Youth unemployment
2759:Discouraged worker
2648:Wrongful dismissal
2628:At-will employment
2501:Civil conscription
2465:Workplace bullying
2352:Affirmative action
2334:Workplace wellness
2265:Occupational noise
1906:Long service leave
1766:Overspecialization
1746:Induction training
1701:Career development
1190:Das Arbeitszeugnis
807:. 16 November 2005
543:Peter Häusermann:
324:wrongful dismissal
306:While there is no
107:public procurement
38:, also known as a
3161:Letters (message)
3143:
3142:
3042:Post-work society
3022:Kiss up kick down
2754:Barriers to entry
2719:Severance package
2551:Human trafficking
2445:Sexual harassment
2425:Employee handbook
2344:Equal opportunity
2207:Safety and health
2197:Take-home vehicle
1811:Vocational school
1761:Lifelong learning
1736:Further education
1696:Career counseling
1691:Career assessment
1468:Overqualification
1209:978-3-415-03862-2
1183:978-3-8005-3083-0
1173:Hein SchleĂźmann:
1168:978-3-8214-7676-6
1158:Karl-Heinz List:
1117:. 5 February 2020
1055:. 6 October 2015.
1037:. 6 October 2015.
978:(1 December 1999)
959:978-0-19-872735-4
948:(12th ed.).
932: (9 May 2001)
744:. 28 January 2016
593:978-3-448-10118-8
573:978-3-448-09322-3
553:978-3-908244-08-0
475:Character witness
44:reference letter,
16:(Redirected from
3173:
3130:Critique of work
3125:Corporate titles
3093:
3092:
3012:Evil corporation
2878:Employment rates
2801:Jobless recovery
2769:Great Depression
2729:Golden parachute
2724:Golden handshake
2521:Job satisfaction
2511:Critique of work
2329:Workplace phobia
2160:Health insurance
2117:Wage compression
2085:Progressive wage
1944:35-hour workweek
1911:No call, no show
1901:Leave of absence
1751:Knowledge worker
1679:Master craftsman
1483:Personality hire
1421:Executive search
1401:Curriculum vitae
1386:Background check
1255:
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907:
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891:
873:
867:
866:
865:. December 2010.
856:
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581:
575:
561:
555:
541:
535:
534:
532:
530:
515:
509:
508:
506:
504:
493:
450:(also called an
448:relieving letter
401:unfair dismissal
84:creditworthiness
21:
3181:
3180:
3176:
3175:
3174:
3172:
3171:
3170:
3146:
3145:
3144:
3139:
3135:Organized labor
3105:Aspects of jobs
3081:
3072:Toxic workplace
3007:Emotional labor
2980:
2904:Public programs
2899:
2816:Great Recession
2786:Full employment
2774:Long Depression
2740:
2638:Banishment room
2614:
2536:Refusal of work
2479:
2403:Corporate crime
2371:
2338:
2201:
2126:
2003:
1930:
1864:
1741:Graduate school
1651:
1573:
1517:
1508:Underemployment
1367:
1311:Self-employment
1286:Contingent work
1276:Academic tenure
1269:Classifications
1264:
1259:
1219:
1155:
1150:
1138:
1134:
1133:
1129:
1120:
1118:
1113:
1112:
1108:
1099:
1097:
1089:
1088:
1084:
1075:
1073:
1065:
1064:
1060:
1047:
1046:
1042:
1029:
1028:
1024:
1015:
1011:
1002:
998:
986:
982:
971:
967:
960:
952:. p. 163.
940:
936:
924:
920:
908:
904:
883:New Law Journal
874:
870:
854:
850:
849:
845:
840:. January 2015.
829:
825:
824:
820:
810:
808:
800:
796:
795:
791:
779:
775:
761:
757:
747:
745:
736:
735:
726:
706:1997 CanLII 332
698:
694:
690:, 2 All ER 608
686:
682:
662:
658:
650:
646:
636:
634:
626:
625:
621:
611:
609:
605:Doyle, Alison.
603:
599:
582:
578:
562:
558:
542:
538:
528:
526:
517:
516:
512:
502:
500:
496:Doyle, Alison.
494:
487:
483:
471:
440:
276:
264:
236:
207:Satisfactory =
179:
142:
119:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3179:
3169:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3141:
3140:
3138:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3096:
3095:
3086:
3083:
3082:
3080:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3057:Sunday scaries
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2988:
2986:
2982:
2981:
2974:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2907:
2905:
2901:
2900:
2898:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2886:
2885:
2880:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2834:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2808:
2806:Phillips curve
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2777:
2776:
2771:
2761:
2756:
2750:
2748:
2742:
2741:
2739:
2738:
2733:
2732:
2731:
2726:
2716:
2715:
2714:
2709:
2707:Retirement age
2704:
2694:
2689:
2688:
2687:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2660:Exit interview
2657:
2652:
2651:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2630:
2624:
2622:
2616:
2615:
2613:
2612:
2607:
2606:
2605:
2600:
2590:
2585:
2584:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2487:
2485:
2481:
2480:
2478:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2410:Discrimination
2407:
2406:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2379:
2377:
2373:
2372:
2370:
2369:
2364:
2362:Gender pay gap
2359:
2354:
2348:
2346:
2340:
2339:
2337:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2310:
2309:
2299:
2294:
2293:
2292:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2211:
2209:
2203:
2202:
2200:
2199:
2194:
2193:
2192:
2182:
2177:
2175:Parental leave
2172:
2170:Marriage leave
2167:
2165:Life insurance
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2136:
2134:
2128:
2127:
2125:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2093:
2092:
2082:
2081:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2055:
2054:
2053:
2048:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2021:Income bracket
2017:
2015:
2005:
2004:
2002:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1954:Eight-hour day
1951:
1946:
1940:
1938:
1932:
1931:
1929:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1872:
1870:
1866:
1865:
1863:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1851:
1850:
1845:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1819:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1713:
1711:Creative class
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1682:
1681:
1671:
1669:Apprenticeship
1665:
1663:
1653:
1652:
1650:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1637:Scarlet-collar
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1583:
1581:
1575:
1574:
1572:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1525:
1523:
1519:
1518:
1516:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1429:
1428:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1377:
1375:
1369:
1368:
1366:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1353:Temporary work
1350:
1345:
1340:
1339:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1321:Skilled worker
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1272:
1270:
1266:
1265:
1258:
1257:
1250:
1243:
1235:
1229:
1228:
1212:
1197:
1188:Volker StĂĽck:
1186:
1171:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1148:
1127:
1106:
1082:
1058:
1040:
1022:
1009:
996:
980:
965:
958:
934:
918:
902:
868:
843:
818:
789:
773:
755:
724:
692:
680:
656:
644:
619:
597:
576:
556:
536:
510:
484:
482:
479:
478:
477:
470:
467:
439:
436:
336:House of Lords
330:." There is a
275:
272:
263:
260:
251:Arbeitszeugnis
247:
246:
243:
235:
232:
227:
226:
219:
212:
205:
198:
187:Arbeitszeugnis
178:
175:
174:
173:
170:
167:
164:
161:
158:
155:
152:
149:
141:
138:
118:
115:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3178:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3153:
3151:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3097:
3088:
3087:
3084:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3032:Make-work job
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2989:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2978:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2951:Right to work
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2936:Job guarantee
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2921:Make-work job
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2908:
2906:
2902:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2875:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2813:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2766:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2751:
2749:
2747:
2743:
2737:
2734:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2721:
2720:
2717:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2699:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2692:Restructuring
2690:
2686:
2683:
2682:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2670:Notice period
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2635:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2625:
2623:
2621:
2617:
2611:
2608:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2595:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2576:Unfree labour
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2546:Bonded labour
2544:
2543:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2488:
2486:
2482:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2460:Whistleblower
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2393:Control fraud
2391:
2389:
2386:
2385:
2384:
2381:
2380:
2378:
2374:
2368:
2367:Glass ceiling
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2349:
2347:
2345:
2341:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2308:
2305:
2304:
2303:
2302:Work accident
2300:
2298:
2295:
2291:
2290:United States
2288:
2287:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2212:
2210:
2208:
2204:
2198:
2195:
2191:
2190:United States
2188:
2187:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2145:Casual Friday
2143:
2141:
2138:
2137:
2135:
2133:
2129:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2102:Paid time off
2100:
2098:
2097:Overtime rate
2095:
2091:
2088:
2087:
2086:
2083:
2079:
2078:United States
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2060:
2059:
2056:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2043:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2018:
2016:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1949:Four-day week
1947:
1945:
1942:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1933:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1873:
1871:
1867:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1840:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1833:Practice firm
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1731:Employability
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1718:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1680:
1677:
1676:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1666:
1664:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1632:Orange-collar
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1579:Working class
1576:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1526:
1524:
1520:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1453:Job interview
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1427:
1424:
1423:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1370:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1323:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1306:Part-time job
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1291:Full-time job
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1273:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1256:
1251:
1249:
1244:
1242:
1237:
1236:
1233:
1225:
1218:
1213:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1156:
1145:
1137:
1131:
1116:
1110:
1096:
1092:
1086:
1072:
1068:
1062:
1054:
1050:
1044:
1036:
1032:
1026:
1019:
1013:
1006:
1000:
993:
989:
984:
977:
974:
969:
961:
955:
951:
947:
946:
938:
931:
927:
922:
915:
911:
906:
899:
895:
892:, discussing
889:
885:
884:
879:
872:
864:
860:
853:
847:
839:
835:
828:
822:
806:
799:
793:
786:
782:
777:
770:
766:
765:
759:
743:
739:
733:
731:
729:
721:
717:
716:
711:
710:Supreme Court
707:
703:
702:
696:
689:
684:
678:
677:3-7035-0809-4
674:
670:
666:
660:
654:
648:
633:
629:
623:
608:
601:
594:
590:
586:
580:
574:
570:
566:
560:
554:
550:
546:
540:
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2140:Annual leave
2122:Working poor
2058:Minimum wage
2036:Maximum wage
1994:Working time
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2603:Slow living
2571:Truck wages
2556:Labour camp
2484:Willingness
2376:Infractions
2031:Living wage
1979:Remote work
1647:Gold-collar
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720:2008 SCC 39
289:Switzerland
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183:euphemistic
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2440:Labour law
2435:Evaluation
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1989:Shift work
1926:Time clock
1921:Sick leave
1916:Sabbatical
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1869:Attendance
1838:Profession
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1121:2022-03-31
1100:2022-03-31
1076:2022-03-31
834:stir.ac.uk
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358:defamation
308:common law
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