47:
441:
553:, Edward II's wife, who had been sent on a diplomatic mission to France, and had disobeyed her husband's orders to return to England. Later when Edward II was forced to abdicate and his son Edward III ascended to the English throne, John of Brittany's English lands were restored. He spent his last years on his French estates, and he remained largely cut off from English political affairs. He died on 17 January 1334, and was buried in the church of the
607:
The Roll states: " Son nevou Johan de
Bretaigne, Por ce ke plus esr de li près, Soi je plus tost nomer après. Si le avoit-il ben deservi, Cum cil ki son oncle ot servi, De se enfance peniblement, E deguerpi outréement Son pere e son autre lignage, Por demourer de son maisnage, Kant li Rois ot bosoign
455:
By 1310 the relationship between Edward II and his earls had deteriorated to the point where a committee of earls took control of government from the king. The earls disobeyed a royal order not to carry arms to parliament, and in full military attire presented a demand to the king for the appointment
292:
John of
Brittany served England as a soldier and as a diplomat but was otherwise politically inactive in comparison to other earls of his time. He was a capable diplomat, valued by both Edward I and Edward II for his negotiating skills. John was never married, and upon his death his title and estates
392:
in 1300. The nobles who joined Edward I at the Siege of
Caerlaverock, including John of Brittany, were commemorated in the Roll of Caerlaverock which named each noble and described their banner. In this roll, the banner and description of John of Brittany immediately follows that of his uncle King
420:
The
English court viewed John of Brittany as a trusted diplomat. He was a skilled negotiator, and his French connections were a useful asset. By 1307 he was also one of the kingdom's oldest earls. As the relationship between Edward II and his nobility deteriorated, Richmond remained loyal to the
588:
During his lifetime, the Duchy of
Brittany remained independent of both the Kingdoms of England and France, and maintained relations with both the English and French courts. His particular career is indicative of that of a medieval Breton noble who was active in England during the period of the
499:
in the west, making his way in a south-easterly direction towards
Yorkshire; he brought many troops recruited in Argyll and the Isles. The boldness and speed of the attack soon exposed Edward II to danger, even in his own land. On his return from Scotland, the king had taken up residence at
504:
with Queen
Isabella. His peace was interrupted when the Scots made a sudden and unexpected approach in mid-October. All that stood between them and a royal prize was a large English force under the command of John of Brittany. John had taken up a position on Scawton Moor, between
460:, and his reputedly outrageous behaviour. On 16 March 1310, the king agreed to the appointment of Ordainers, who were to be in charge of the reform of the royal household. John of Brittany was one of eight earls appointed to this committee of 21, referred to as the
627:
The close placement next to the King is consistent with John's membership in the King's household and their close relationship. It would not be surprising as a confirmation that when the King was present on the field of battle, John remained close to him for various
617:
John of
Brittany remained close to the king and so is named after him. He acted in a much deserving way and from childhood lived apart from his father and his paternal line to live with the King in his household. When the King needed help banner
548:
In March 1325 John of
Brittany made a final return to France, where for the first time he made himself a clear opponent of Edward II. His lands in England were confiscated by the Crown. In France, John aligned himself with Queen
467:
John then travelled to France for diplomatic negotiations, before returning to
England. Gaveston was exiled by the Ordainers but later made an irregular return. Gaveston was killed in June 1312 by
475:, to reconcile the two parties after this event. In 1313 he followed Edward II on a state visit to France, and thereafter generally remained a trusted subject. In 1318 he witnessed the
487:
In 1320 he again accompanied Edward II to France, and the next year he carried out peace negotiations with the Scots. When in 1322 Thomas of Lancaster rebelled and was defeated at the
589:
Norman Conquest following the Battle of Hastings in 1066, but ended his life's work in his home territory of the Duchy of Brittany. See place of retirement and interment as Nantes.
380:
Despite his poor results in France he remained highly regarded by his uncle King Edward I, who treated him almost as a son. After his return to England John became involved in the
1481:
533:
for his treatment of the Scottish Queen while she was an English prisoner. John remained in captivity until 1324, when he was released for a ransom of 14,000
525:
charged uphill a party of Highlanders scaled the cliffs on the English flanks and charged downhill into John of Brittany's rearguard. Resistance crumbled, and the
1339:
491:, Richmond was present at his trial, and when Lancaster was sentenced to death. After this, the English invaded Scotland only to have their army starved when
1379:
798:
297:. Although he was generally loyal to his first cousin Edward II during the times of baronial rebellion, he eventually supported the coup of
1451:
608:
de gens, Baniere avoit cointe e parée, De or e de asur eschequeré, A rouge ourle o jaunes lupars, De ermine estoit la quart pars.""
472:
432:. John was allegedly Gaveston's close personal friend, and did not share the antagonistic attitudes held by certain other earls.
513:. To dislodge John from his strong position on the high ground, Bruce used the same tactics that brought victory at the earlier
404:. The following year Edward I invested John with his father's other title, Earl of Richmond. In addition Edward I appointed him
1491:
1486:
456:
of a commission of reform. At the heart of the deteriorating situation was the peers' opinion of Edward II's relationship with
1328:
358:
650:, and a small army, invaded England. By January 1327 Edward II had been forced to abdicate, and his son was declared King
337:, but was little involved in English political affairs. John was raised at the English court together with Edward I's son
1476:
598:
John of Brittany was not an accomplished soldier, and among the earls of England he was politically quite insignificant.
518:
464:. He was among the Ordainers considered loyal to Edward II and was also by this time one of the older remaining earls.
381:
183:
270:
1307:
1275:
1241:
1215:
1152:
1133:
1089:
1068:
647:
302:
20:
1466:
522:
374:
514:
468:
1366:
Jean de Bretagne comte de Richmond Sa vie et son activité en Angleterre en Écosse et en France (1266–1334)
325:, who together had three sons and three daughters who survived to adulthood. Beatrice was the daughter of
401:
1423:
569:
294:
78:
1399:
1183:
794:
318:
309:, John retired to his estates in France and died in his native Brittany in 1334 with no known issue.
231:
68:
663:
This is believed to be Notre Dame in Nantes. Many early Breton nobles were buried throughout Nantes.
1471:
488:
338:
194:
1145:
Piers Gaveston, Earl of Cornwall, 1307–1312: Politics and Patronage in the Reign of Edward II
1099:
389:
342:
306:
1461:
1456:
1104:
526:
405:
326:
282:
217:
200:
8:
322:
235:
1105:
The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom
564:
John of Brittany never married and as far as is known had no issue. He was succeeded as
495:
burned the country before them. The Bruce brought his army into England and crossed the
1390:
1373:
1264:
1230:
550:
529:
turned into a rout. John himself was taken prisoner and given a tongue lashing by King
461:
354:
298:
286:
221:
155:
281:. On 15 October 1306 he received his father's title of Earl of Richmond. He was named
1324:
1303:
1293:
1281:
1271:
1259:
1247:
1237:
1211:
1148:
1129:
1085:
1064:
385:
188:
163:
159:
128:
1413:
1191:
1171:
565:
530:
492:
448:
397:
370:
334:
259:
38:
637:
Edward II escaped the battle leaving behind his treasury including the Great Seal.
540:
After his release, he continued his diplomatic activities in Scotland and France.
1318:
1297:
1162:
Johnstone, Hilda (1923). "The wardrobe and household of Henry, son of Edward I".
1123:
1079:
1058:
1054:
534:
476:
444:
247:
204:
1225:
1195:
501:
457:
429:
422:
345:
in his youth, but never distinguished himself in his early roles as a soldier.
263:
1108:. Vol. x (New ed.). London: The St. Catherine Press. pp. 814–8.
1445:
1203:
510:
496:
46:
1285:
1251:
554:
140:
440:
89:
1175:
1147:. Detroit; London: Wayne State University Press; Harvester-Wheatsheaf.
651:
426:
409:
278:
173:
506:
400:, died in 1305, and was succeeded as duke by John's elder brother,
362:
330:
274:
266:
1117:(Second ed.). London: Royal Historical Society. p. 446.
558:
144:
285:
in the midst of England's conflicts with Scotland and in 1311
366:
1186:(2004). "Brittany, John of, earl of Richmond (1266?–1334)".
969:
981:
897:
808:
776:
701:
1032:
827:
825:
823:
945:
921:
849:
837:
1060:
Robert Bruce and the Community of the Realm of Scotland
957:
861:
752:
728:
408:, a position which was confirmed upon the accession of
353:
When in 1294 the French king confiscated King Edward's
19:"John of Brittany" redirects here. For other uses, see
1302:(updated ed.). New Haven: Yale University Press.
1020:
933:
909:
885:
820:
718:
716:
273:. He entered royal service in England under his uncle
1008:
873:
740:
329:, which made John the nephew of Henry's son and heir
764:
1482:
English people of the Wars of Scottish Independence
713:
691:
689:
687:
685:
683:
681:
679:
471:and other nobles. It fell upon John, together with
365:. During Easter of 1295 he had to flee the town of
1263:
1229:
1323:(new ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
305:. After Edward II abdicated in favour of his son
289:during the baronial rebellion against Edward II.
269:and a member of the Ducal house of Brittany, the
1443:
676:
1004:. New York: Peter Bedrick Books. p. 204.
799:"King's Lieutenants in the Duchy (1278–1453)"
377:. After this defeat, he returned to England.
1266:Aymer de Valence, Earl of Pembroke 1307–1324
1125:The English Nobility in the Late Middle Ages
1121:
1081:Piers Gaveston: Edward II's Adoptive Brother
707:
1378:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1363:
1098:
831:
369:. In January 1297 he shared defeat at the
45:
1316:
1292:
1224:
1161:
987:
927:
855:
843:
814:
782:
770:
758:
1354:
1258:
1202:
1142:
1077:
1038:
1026:
975:
963:
951:
939:
915:
903:
891:
879:
867:
746:
734:
439:
1188:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
795:"Principal Office Holders in the Duchy"
479:, which restored Edward to full power.
421:king; in 1309 he went on an embassy to
415:
341:, who died in 1274. He participated in
205:
1444:
1053:
1014:
646:In September 1326 Isabella, her lover
348:
1182:
1112:
999:
722:
695:
317:John was the second surviving son of
1164:Bulletin of the John Rylands Library
803:The Gascon Rolls Project (1317–1468)
482:
473:Gilbert de Clare, Earl of Gloucester
1270:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
1236:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
1210:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
1190:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
1063:. London: Eyre & Spottiswoode.
788:
13:
1364:Liubimenko, Inna Ivanovna (1908).
1348:
357:, John travelled to France as the
258:1266 – 17 January 1334), 4th
184:First War of Scottish Independence
14:
1503:
1452:Earls of Richmond (1268 creation)
1208:The Fourteenth Century: 1307–1399
435:
388:in 1298. He was certainly at the
21:John of Brittany (disambiguation)
1002:Robert the Bruce, King of Scots
993:
657:
640:
631:
621:
611:
601:
333:. His father held the title of
1320:Plantagenet England: 1225–1360
1232:Thomas of Lancaster, 1307–1322
1115:Handbook of British Chronology
592:
582:
543:
375:Henry de Lacy, Earl of Lincoln
1:
1492:14th-century English nobility
1487:13th-century English nobility
1000:Scott, Ronald McNair (1988).
670:
515:Battle of the Pass of Brander
312:
255:
115:
1122:Given-Wilson, Chris (1996).
7:
1317:Prestwich, Michael (2007).
1084:. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
10:
1508:
1477:13th-century Breton people
1047:
295:John III, Duke of Brittany
79:John III, Duke of Brittany
18:
1420:
1411:
1396:
1389:
384:. He was probably at the
319:John II, Duke of Brittany
232:John II, Duke of Brittany
227:
213:
179:
169:
151:
134:
122:
111:
103:
95:
84:
74:
69:John II, Duke of Brittany
64:
56:
44:
37:
30:
1143:Hamilton, J. S. (1988).
575:
51:Arms of John of Brittany
16:British Earl (1266–1334)
1355:Lobineau, G.A. (1707).
489:Battle of Boroughbridge
359:lieutenant of the Duchy
1196:10.1093/ref:odnb/53083
452:
425:on behalf of Edward's
251:
1467:Guardians of Scotland
1128:. London: Routledge.
1113:Fryde, E. B. (1961).
1078:Chaplais, P. (1994).
443:
390:Siege of Caerlaverock
361:, but failed to take
307:Edward III of England
195:Siege of Caerlaverock
1357:Histoire de Bretagne
1340:Roll of Caerlaverock
978:, pp. 192, 204.
527:Battle of Old Byland
447:was the seat of the
416:Service to Edward II
406:Guardian of Scotland
327:Henry III of England
293:fell to his nephew,
283:Guardian of Scotland
218:Guardian of Scotland
201:Battle of Old Byland
1368:(in French). Lille.
469:Thomas of Lancaster
449:earldom of Richmond
371:Siege of Bellegarde
349:Service to Edward I
236:Beatrice of England
1391:Peerage of England
1294:Prestwich, Michael
1176:10.7227/BJRL.7.3.4
906:, pp. 56, 67.
453:
355:Duchy of Aquitaine
277:, and also served
1438:
1437:
1432:
1421:Succeeded by
1407:
1405:Duke of Brittany)
1330:978-0-19-822844-8
1041:, pp. 83–91.
990:, pp. 311–2.
817:, pp. 381–2.
785:, pp. 378–9.
708:Given-Wilson 1996
483:War with Scotland
386:Battle of Falkirk
241:
240:
189:Battle of Falkirk
129:Duchy of Brittany
1499:
1429:Duke of Brittany
1426:
1414:Earl of Richmond
1402:
1397:Preceded by
1387:
1386:
1383:
1377:
1369:
1360:
1344:
1334:
1313:
1289:
1269:
1260:Phillips, J.R.S.
1255:
1235:
1221:
1199:
1179:
1158:
1139:
1118:
1109:
1095:
1074:
1055:Barrow, G. W. S.
1042:
1036:
1030:
1024:
1018:
1012:
1006:
1005:
997:
991:
985:
979:
973:
967:
961:
955:
954:, pp. 42–4.
949:
943:
937:
931:
925:
919:
913:
907:
901:
895:
889:
883:
877:
871:
865:
859:
853:
847:
841:
835:
829:
818:
812:
806:
792:
786:
780:
774:
768:
762:
756:
750:
744:
738:
737:, pp. 9–10.
732:
726:
720:
711:
705:
699:
693:
664:
661:
655:
644:
638:
635:
629:
625:
619:
615:
609:
605:
599:
596:
590:
586:
572:(Arthur's son).
566:Earl of Richmond
531:Robert the Bruce
493:Robert the Bruce
398:Duke of Brittany
396:His father, the
335:Earl of Richmond
260:Earl of Richmond
257:
252:Jean de Bretagne
244:John of Brittany
207:
180:Wars and battles
147:
117:
99:Jean de Bretagne
96:Other names
49:
39:Earl of Richmond
32:John of Brittany
28:
27:
1507:
1506:
1502:
1501:
1500:
1498:
1497:
1496:
1442:
1441:
1434:
1425:
1417:
1409:
1401:
1371:
1370:
1351:
1349:Further reading
1337:
1331:
1310:
1278:
1244:
1226:Maddicott, J.R.
1218:
1155:
1136:
1100:Cokayne, George
1092:
1071:
1050:
1045:
1037:
1033:
1025:
1021:
1013:
1009:
998:
994:
986:
982:
974:
970:
962:
958:
950:
946:
938:
934:
926:
922:
914:
910:
902:
898:
890:
886:
878:
874:
866:
862:
854:
850:
842:
838:
832:Cokayne 1910–59
830:
821:
813:
809:
793:
789:
781:
777:
769:
765:
757:
753:
745:
741:
733:
729:
721:
714:
706:
702:
694:
677:
673:
668:
667:
662:
658:
645:
641:
636:
632:
626:
622:
616:
612:
606:
602:
597:
593:
587:
583:
578:
546:
485:
477:Treaty of Leake
462:Lords Ordainers
445:Richmond Castle
438:
418:
351:
321:, and his wife
315:
234:
220:
198:
192:
186:
138:
127:
126:17 January 1334
52:
33:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1505:
1495:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1472:House of Dreux
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1436:
1435:
1422:
1419:
1410:
1398:
1394:
1393:
1385:
1384:
1361:
1350:
1347:
1346:
1345:
1335:
1329:
1314:
1308:
1290:
1276:
1256:
1242:
1222:
1216:
1200:
1184:Jones, Michael
1180:
1170:(3): 384–420.
1159:
1153:
1140:
1134:
1119:
1110:
1096:
1090:
1075:
1069:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1043:
1031:
1019:
1017:, p. 317.
1007:
992:
988:Maddicott 1970
980:
968:
966:, p. 172.
956:
944:
932:
930:, p. 182.
928:Prestwich 2007
920:
908:
896:
884:
872:
870:, p. 271.
860:
858:, p. 361.
856:Prestwich 2007
848:
846:, p. 132.
844:Prestwich 1997
836:
819:
815:Prestwich 1997
807:
787:
783:Prestwich 1997
775:
771:Johnstone 1923
763:
761:, p. 235.
759:Prestwich 1997
751:
739:
727:
725:, p. 446.
712:
710:, p. 186.
700:
674:
672:
669:
666:
665:
656:
639:
630:
620:
610:
600:
591:
580:
579:
577:
574:
568:by his nephew
545:
542:
502:Rievaulx Abbey
484:
481:
458:Piers Gaveston
437:
436:Lord Ordainers
434:
430:Piers Gaveston
423:Pope Clement V
417:
414:
350:
347:
314:
311:
271:House of Dreux
239:
238:
229:
225:
224:
215:
211:
210:
181:
177:
176:
171:
167:
166:
153:
149:
148:
139:Church of the
136:
132:
131:
124:
120:
119:
113:
109:
108:
105:
101:
100:
97:
93:
92:
86:
82:
81:
76:
72:
71:
66:
62:
61:
58:
54:
53:
50:
42:
41:
35:
34:
31:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1504:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1449:
1447:
1440:
1433:
1430:
1416:
1415:
1408:
1406:
1395:
1392:
1388:
1381:
1375:
1367:
1362:
1358:
1353:
1352:
1342:
1341:
1336:
1332:
1326:
1322:
1321:
1315:
1311:
1309:0-300-07209-0
1305:
1301:
1300:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1277:0-19-822359-5
1273:
1268:
1267:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1243:0-19-821837-0
1239:
1234:
1233:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1217:0-19-821712-9
1213:
1209:
1205:
1204:McKisack, May
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1160:
1156:
1154:0-8143-2008-2
1150:
1146:
1141:
1137:
1135:0-415-14883-9
1131:
1127:
1126:
1120:
1116:
1111:
1107:
1106:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1091:0-19-820449-3
1087:
1083:
1082:
1076:
1072:
1070:9780748620227
1066:
1062:
1061:
1056:
1052:
1051:
1040:
1039:McKisack 1959
1035:
1029:, p. 82.
1028:
1027:McKisack 1959
1023:
1016:
1011:
1003:
996:
989:
984:
977:
976:Phillips 1972
972:
965:
964:Phillips 1972
960:
953:
952:Phillips 1972
948:
942:, p. 88.
941:
940:Chaplais 1994
936:
929:
924:
918:, p. 10.
917:
916:McKisack 1959
912:
905:
904:Hamilton 1988
900:
894:, p. 69.
893:
892:Hamilton 1988
888:
881:
880:McKisack 1959
876:
869:
868:Phillips 1972
864:
857:
852:
845:
840:
833:
828:
826:
824:
816:
811:
804:
800:
796:
791:
784:
779:
772:
767:
760:
755:
749:, p. 16.
748:
747:Phillips 1972
743:
736:
735:Phillips 1972
731:
724:
719:
717:
709:
704:
697:
692:
690:
688:
686:
684:
682:
680:
675:
660:
653:
649:
643:
634:
624:
614:
604:
595:
585:
581:
573:
571:
567:
562:
560:
556:
552:
541:
538:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
503:
498:
494:
490:
480:
478:
474:
470:
465:
463:
459:
450:
446:
442:
433:
431:
428:
424:
413:
411:
407:
403:
399:
394:
391:
387:
383:
382:Scottish Wars
378:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
346:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
310:
308:
304:
300:
296:
290:
288:
287:Lord Ordainer
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
265:
261:
253:
249:
245:
237:
233:
230:
226:
223:
222:Lord Ordainer
219:
216:
212:
208:
203:(1322) (
202:
196:
190:
185:
182:
178:
175:
172:
168:
165:
161:
157:
154:
150:
146:
142:
137:
133:
130:
125:
121:
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
91:
87:
83:
80:
77:
73:
70:
67:
63:
59:
55:
48:
43:
40:
36:
29:
26:
22:
1439:
1428:
1412:
1404:
1365:
1359:(in French).
1356:
1338:
1319:
1298:
1265:
1231:
1207:
1187:
1167:
1163:
1144:
1124:
1114:
1103:
1080:
1059:
1034:
1022:
1010:
1001:
995:
983:
971:
959:
947:
935:
923:
911:
899:
887:
882:, p. 1.
875:
863:
851:
839:
810:
802:
790:
778:
766:
754:
742:
730:
703:
659:
642:
633:
623:
613:
603:
594:
584:
563:
547:
539:
511:Byland Abbey
497:Solway Firth
486:
466:
454:
419:
395:
379:
352:
316:
291:
243:
242:
104:Years active
85:Other titles
25:
1462:1334 deaths
1457:1266 births
1102:(1910–59).
1015:Barrow 1965
555:Franciscans
544:Final years
343:tournaments
152:Nationality
141:Franciscans
65:Predecessor
1446:Categories
1418:1306–1334
723:Fryde 1961
696:Jones 2004
671:References
652:Edward III
618:appeared..
393:Edward I.
313:Early life
1374:cite book
427:favourite
412:in 1307.
410:Edward II
279:Edward II
262:, was an
174:Yorkshire
107:1294–1327
88:Count of
75:Successor
60:1306–1334
1424:John III
1400:John II
1299:Edward I
1296:(1997).
1262:(1972).
1228:(1970).
1206:(1959).
1057:(1965).
648:Mortimer
628:reasons.
551:Isabella
507:Rievaulx
363:Bordeaux
331:Edward I
323:Beatrice
303:Mortimer
299:Isabella
275:Edward I
267:nobleman
170:Locality
90:Treguier
1048:Sources
523:Douglas
264:English
228:Parents
214:Offices
156:English
1327:
1306:
1286:426691
1284:
1274:
1252:132766
1250:
1240:
1214:
1151:
1132:
1088:
1067:
559:Nantes
402:Arthur
248:French
197:(1300)
191:(1298)
164:Breton
160:French
145:Nantes
135:Buried
57:Tenure
576:Notes
535:marks
519:Moray
517:. As
373:with
367:Rions
339:Henry
1380:link
1325:ISBN
1304:ISBN
1282:OCLC
1272:ISBN
1248:OCLC
1238:ISBN
1212:ISBN
1149:ISBN
1130:ISBN
1086:ISBN
1065:ISBN
797:and
570:John
521:and
509:and
301:and
123:Died
118:1266
112:Born
1192:doi
1172:doi
557:in
206:POW
1448::
1376:}}
1372:{{
1280:.
1246:.
1166:.
822:^
801:,
715:^
678:^
561:.
537:.
256:c.
254:;
250::
199:•
193:•
187:•
162:,
158:,
143:,
116:c.
1431:)
1427:(
1403:(
1382:)
1343:.
1333:.
1312:.
1288:.
1254:.
1220:.
1198:.
1194::
1178:.
1174::
1168:7
1157:.
1138:.
1094:.
1073:.
834:.
805:.
773:.
698:.
654:.
451:.
246:(
209:)
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
