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323:(history of the alliance and requests of the Dutch nobility) was his Magnum Opus. His father had already started research into the subject by 1757, and left a manuscript, yet it is undoubtedly Jona's work. It is very rich in detail and took great care about how sources were used. By 1918 it was still relevant.
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school of history, gave center stage to mankind, and its ambitions and emotions. The enlightened historians wanted to reach a big audience and therefore wrote more readable books without annotations. They liked to draw conclusions from their narrative. In the Dutch
Republic the Enlightened historians
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The theological faculty at Leiden already had four professors when Jona arrived: The conservative
Aegidius Gillissen (1712–1800), Brouërius Broes (1757–1799) was the most liberal, and Carolus Boers (1746–1814) and Ewald Hollebeek (1719-1796) were in between. In 1784–1785 the revolutionary movement of
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In
October 1778 there was severe civil disobedience in Vlissingen, directed against the decision to allow the establishment of a Roman Catholic church in the city. The stadtholder suppressed it by sending part of the army and arresting the leaders of the rebellion. In this conflict Jona supported the
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took place. A barge with 17,760 kg of gunpowder exploded in the center of Leiden. The Te Waters were unharmed, but their house suffered 1,199 guilders of damage. A famous (but unproven) anecdote is that Jona's almost completely deaf wife finally heard something, and said: 'Did you say something
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Jona's work shows where he stood. For Jona, the Eighty Years' War was about freedom, not about the reformation. Therefore, he advocated (political) liberty for
Catholics to practice their religion. This set Jona apart from the traditional reformed school. He also did not write about the Netherlands
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school of historians used national history as a part of religion. Most of them were ministers. For them, the Dutch
Republic was the new Israel. The stadtholders were the kings of the old testament, and the historians were like the prophets, who had to guide their people back to the right religious
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In summertime, Jona gave four lessons a week, more in winter. Now and then he still preached in
Middelburg or the surrounding villages, but he no longer had an office as minister. He did remain in office as actuaris perpetuus of the Classis Walcheren of the Reformed Church. All this left plenty of
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was founded in
Vlissingen. This was a very prestigious affair, with the directors coming from the local regents, and membership being restricted. As a member of the society Jona had contact with members who practiced history in their spare time. These were Josua van Iperen, Justus Tjeenk, Nicolaas
150:
In 1761 Willem te Water published Het hoog adelyk, en adelryk
Zeelant. This work about the history of the Zeeland nobility had to do with Willem's connections to Jan van Borssele van der Hooge (1707–1764). The Van der Hooghe family had become very successful, and wanted to claim nobility. Jan was
401:. The faculty reacted only by stating that it was not part of the body that awarded the prize. In the end it came to a vote in the senate which the theologians lost. In March 1787 Jona registered his objection that awarding the prize for Schwab's work was at odds with the conditions by which the
420:, which was a one-year office. He declined, because he thought himself to inexperienced, but in February 1789 Jona did accept. His year as rector was the highlight of Jona's career. On the last day, the stadtholder and his two sons dined at Jona's house at Rapenburg.
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for 2,750 guilders a year. On account of this appointment Leiden
University made his a doctor. For 5,000 guilders Jona bought the house known as Rapenburg 52. In 1793 his niece Paulina te Water (1770–1833) moved in to take care of Jona's wife, who was in bad health.
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Jona participated in multiple government commissions that aimed to modernize the structure of the church, and to merge it with other
Protestant churches. In these commissions he tried to preserve the doctrine of the Reformed Church and its basic organization.
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in January 1795. As an Orangist, Jona carefully stayed away from politics, and kept his office at the university. In 1796 he donated his portrait by Nicolas-Joseph Delin to the university. In 1800-1801 Jona became rector of the university for a second term.
163:, Zeelandic Flanders was invaded by the French in April 1747. The Te Waters fled to Goes and then Middelburg, but father Willem stayed behind. The French left in January 1749. In 1750 Jona went to the Grammar School of Vlissingen, on the other side of the
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track. They would describe events by showing how god had aided and saved the Republic in the past. This school showed a tendency to become more critical on sources, while staunchly adhering to its view of the world. It always supported the Orangists.
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probably the most powerful man in Zeeland. He called on Willem te Water for help. In return he got appointments for two of his sons. Jan was the main sponsor of Jona's theology study and probably also that of the other two sons.
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Jona considered his forced retirement as a disgrace. Nevertheless, Jona continued to teach till he was 80. In 1821 he got a gratification of 700 guilders, i.e. 25 % of his salary. In 1817 there was some consolation when
533:(1709–1773). He propagated to write history in an empirical way, being impartial and secular. Wagenaar also used historical criticism, but in spite of his proposed impartiality, he always supported the point of view of the
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In August 1815 a law came into effect that retired all professors on their 70th birthday, while keeping their salary. Jona was 75 at the time, and therefore the university declared in November 1815 that Jona had become an
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on the first vacancy. Zeeland succeeded in keeping him in Vlissingen by offering him a paid position as provincial historian. In 1776 Jona also became second secretary of the Royal Zeeland Scientific Society.
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In his free time Willem wrote historical studies. He wrote some works about church history, like his De Historie der hervormde kerk te Gent. In more theological works, he displayed his orthodox views.
30:
269:. Here Jona married Paulina Cornelia Mounier (1738–1814) in 1766. She was well off financially, but had problems hearing. In 1768 the couple bought a house on Korte Vlamingstraat in Vlissingen.
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and borrowed materials to him. Later, Jona organized funding, so that Bellamy could go to the Grammar School and theological faculty of Utrecht. Bellamy would die there as a student in 1786.
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By the end of his life, Jona himself noted that his fame as a historian was already diminishing. His work nevertheless continued to be relevant because of the solid research behind it.
116:(1740–1822) was a professor at Leiden University. He was a man of influence in the Dutch Reformed Church, in many learned societies, in academic theology, and in Dutch historiography.
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as the new Israel. However, Jona stressed the role of divine providence by recognizing the hand of God in the many details that led to the unlikely success of the Dutch rebellion.
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In August 1779 Jona was appointed as professor of philosophy and national history at the Grammar School of Middelburg. On 15 March 1780 he accepted in the Nieuwe Kerk, with the
175:
In September 1755 Jona Willem went to Utrecht to study Theology. The faculty of theology inclined to Orthodoxy. However, the strongest influence on Jona were the philologist
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307:, Adrianus 's-Gravezande, and Jacobus Ermerins. These were all very much interested in the history Zeeland, and assisted each other with finding sources for their work.
249:, where he had three colleagues. It meant that in about two years, Jona had grown from village minister to minister in a town. This was again thanks to Van Borssele.
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Later in the 1770s Jona became known outside Zeeland. In 1771 he was listed as candidate for Dordrecht. In 1773 the psalms which had been to set to verse and tune by
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Historie van het verbond en de smeekschriften der Nederlandsche edelen, ter verkrijginge van vrijheid in den godsdienst en burgerstaat, in de jaaren 1565-1567 (1776)
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comments on 35 words or word groups in parts of the bible that treated this subject. In these comments Te Water included classical authors as well as sources in
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in 1566, were updated by a church commission appointed by the government. In 1774 Jona anonymously published a book that applauded the work of the commission.
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in 1810, and was not entitled to the 25% pay rise that the same law granted after 30 years of teaching. In 1816 Jona also retired as minister in Leiden.
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Jona's benefactor Van Borssele was again decisive for the appointment. While at Haamstede, Jona continued his studies, and befriended the inhabitants of
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In August 1776 Jona was offered a position as minister in Groningen. It was accompanied by the promise that he would be appointed as professor at the
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government, with which he was so closely connected. Most of his parish then turned against him, leading to a long series of very quite services.
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of Vlissingen, accompanied by a history of the city. In 1772 he published a sermon delivered on account of the liberation of Vlissingen in 1572.
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Jona Willem te Water was born to Willem te Water and his wife Sara van Middelhoven, daughter of Jona van Middelhoven (1685–1770). They lived in
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137:, which was and still is a rather isolated place in the Netherlands. Of the couple's many children five sons and a daughter reached maturity.
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to paint the portraits of the four oldest members of the Royal Institute. The old Jona sat for the portrait, and this now hangs in the
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Jona Willem's father Willem (1698–1764) had studied theology. In 1725 he became minister in Zaamslag. In 1742 he became minister in
397:(1743–1821) won a prize awarded by Leiden University. Schwab had sent in a philosophical writing that the theologists deemed to be
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Jona used the idea of drawing lessons from history from the Enlightened school. He differed from Wagenaar by taking the side of
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187:(1735–1807), Meinard Tydeman (1741–1825), and Rijklof Michaël van Goens (1748–1810). Wesseling was orthodox, but allowed some
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Redenvoering ter eere, en over de verdiensten des doorluchtigen geslachts van Borssele, uitgesprooken te Vlissingen. (1755)
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Jona was mainly inspired by two historians. His university professor Petrus Wesseling (see above) was of a school called
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In Vlissingen Jona started to publish works about the history of Zeeland. He finished his father's work about the
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Te Water finished his studies with a disputatio about the funeral and grave of Jesus. The main part consisted of
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Aanspraak aan de Hervormde Kerk in Nederland bij gelegenheid der Invoeringe van de nieuwe Psalmberijminge (1774)
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Plechtige inhuldiging van ... Willem den Vyfden, Prins van Oranje en Nassau als Erfheer van Vlissingen (1766)
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in Zeeland, and got it published in 1766. In 1767 Jona published a work about the entry of Stadtholder
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242:. These had some authority over the local church, especially with regard to appointing the minister.
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differed from their European counterparts by concentrating on the institutional history of states.
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Tweede eeuw-feest van de vryheid in den burgerstaat en godsdienst binnen de stad Vlissingen (1772)
144:. This was not a good career. It might have been caused by lack of the required oratory skills.
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and Arabic. Of course the work was dedicated to his benefactor Jan van Borssele van der Hooghe.
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In March 1785, Jona took up a new job as professor of Theology and Church History at
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or excellence and dignity of the national history. Jona's salary was 600 guilders.
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started to become violent, and in September 1785 the stadtholder left Holland.
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Levens-berigt van Jona Willem te Water overleden den 19 October 1822 (1823)
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Historie van het verbond en de smeekschriften der Nederlandsche edelen
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Historie van het verbond en de smeekschriften der Nederlandsche edelen
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1029:. Digital Web Centre for the History of Science in the Low Countries
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Kort verhaal der reformatie van Zeeland in de zestiende eeuwe (1766)
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had provided it, and that the work was harmful to Christianity.
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Oratio honori et meritis illustrimae gentis Borsaliae (1755)
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Oratio de praestantia et dignitate historiae Batavae (1780)
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time for the Zeeland Society, and his historical pursuits.
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Jona Willem te Water by Nicolas Joseph Delin (1741-1803)
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179:(1692–1764), and Sebald Rau (1724–1818), who taught
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18th-century Dutch Calvinist and Reformed ministers
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272:In Vlissingen Jona discovered the poetry talent of
227:In March 1761 Jona qualified as a minister for the
508:. Jona's works centered on three themes: freedom,
191:of the bible. In politics Wesseling was a staunch
183:. Jona was taught directly by Wesseling, as were
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393:An affair that could have turned ugly was that
1177:, Faculty of Humanities , Leiden University,
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1235:at Encyclopedie van Zeeland
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410:Prussian invasion of Holland
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1216:"Water, Dr. Jona Willem te"
276:(1757–1786). He taught him
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486:Jan Hendrik van Kinsbergen
261:Great Church of Vlissingen
1209:, Van Paddenburg, Utrecht
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328:University of Groningen
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285:Reformation
278:linguistics
159:During the
81:Nationality
1242:Categories
1183:1887/12841
1033:3 December
627:References
471:Retirement
267:Vlissingen
120:Early life
67:Theologist
63:Occupation
514:Calvinism
414:William V
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233:Haamstede
155:Childhood
75:Historian
488:ordered
478:emeritus
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293:Marquess
193:Orangist
131:Zaamslag
97:theology
71:Minister
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317:Jona's
93:history
512:, and
418:Rector
210:Career
204:Syriac
125:Family
57:Leiden
1207:(PDF)
632:Notes
399:Deist
247:Veere
89:Genre
84:Dutch
1035:2023
552:The
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52:Died
41:Born
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291:as
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