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between the two languages, hence why the blending of the two languages is called "Jopara," meaning "mixture." The relative amount of
Guarani or Spanish used in speech varies depending upon the birth of the speakers, the place where they speak, with whom they are speaking, the topic of discussion, and
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Since 1992, under the
Paraguay's Ministry of Education and Culture (MEC) Act, Guarani in its "pure form"—different from the day-to-day speech of Jopara—has been taught in schools. This led to contradictory opinions: some say that teaching pure Guarani is the best means to preserve the language's
698:
how they want their meaning to be interpreted. Generally, the rural and older population tends to use more
Guarani, while the urban and younger population uses more Spanish—the rural and older population
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more
Guarani and the urban and younger more Spanish. General and every-day conversation is often suited to Guarani, while technical and specific or formal conversation is often suited for Spanish.
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911:
Escobar, Anna María (2012). "Spanish in
Contact with Amerindian Languages". In Hualde, José Ignacio; Olarrea, Anxton; O'Rourke, Erin (eds.).
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Some
Spanish words, when put in a sentence mixed with Guarani, have a different meaning from that of standard Spanish. They can come from
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In some instances, Jopara speakers simply substitute a word in either
Guarani or Spanish while speaking. For example:
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integrity, while others argue that how
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The majority of
Paraguayans, particularly younger ones, speak some form of Jopara.
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markers, are borrowed from
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927:"Speaking Jopara: A Guide to Paraguay's Fusion of Spanish and Guarani"
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Speakers of both Guarani and Spanish typically employ a great deal of
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http://www.staff.uni-mainz.de/lustig/guarani/art/jopara.pdf
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for that reason she was somewhat malnourished, but the
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for features found in Guarani but not in Spanish, like
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that the girl would not eat for more than two days.
1042:
Malay+Chinese+Javanese+Sundanese+Arabic+Dutch
682:. Its name is from the Guarani word for "mixture".
885:Guarani-English/English-Guarani Concise Dictionary
735:y por eso estaba un poco desnutrida, pero el tua
150:
2320:
1992:
1356:South Sudan local languages
762:of equivalent Guarani expressions. For example:
2344:South America Native-based pidgins and creoles
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1973:Gallo-Italic languages
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1007:Italian+Spanish+French+Arab
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1874:Malay trade and creole languages
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2013:Southeast Asian languages
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27:Variety of the Guarani language
1980:Hunsrückisch German
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1984:(when Portuguese-influenced)
1977:(when Portuguese-influenced)
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1684:Aramaic languages
1623:(when Portuguese-influenced)
1001:Bengali+Persian+Arabic
915:. Blackwell. pp. 75–77.
7:
1878:English+Chinese+Tamil
1678:Arabic languages
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731:no comía más casi dos días
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1987:Bantu languages
1902:Sri Lankan Malay
883:Britton, A. Scott (2004).
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866:Lustig, Wolf: Guaraní y
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2099:Norwegian+Spanish
2093:Norwegian+Russian
1955:Italian languages
1686:Judeo-Aramaic languages
1586:Malaysian Sign Language
1417:Mongolian+Tibetan
675:which uses a number of
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1993:
1680:Judeo-Arabic languages
1574:Bolivian Sign Language
1391:Chinese Pidgin English
647:Guarani pronunciation:
576:Palenquero or Palenque
571:Chavacano or Chabacano
2329:Languages of Paraguay
2217:Chinese+English
2111:Swedish+English
1900:Sinhalese+Tamil
1441:Inter-topolects
1405:English+Tagalog
1083:Chinese+Tagalog
2087:Danish+English
1957:Macaronic Portuguese
1912:North Moluccan Malay
1803:Macaronic Portuguese
1469:Malay+Javanese
1198:Manglish (Malayalam)
931:Explore with Finesse
754:would still hit her.
149:A manuscript of the
1969:Dekasegi Portuguese
1951:Porglish/Portuglish
1846:Dekasegi Portuguese
845:WikiProject Guaraní
604:Instituto Cervantes
2255:Canadian Ukrainian
2130:Portuñol/Portunhol
1963:Bengali Portuguese
1945:Portuñol/Portunhol
1578:Thai Sign Language
1553:Gallo-Italic
1368:Jordanian+Bengali
799:the/your bathroom?
664:[ɟʝopaˈɾa]
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2174:Frespañol/Fragnol
2064:Solombala English
1999:Gira da Tabatinga
1926:Makassarese
1663:Cappadocian Greek
1537:Meridional French
1525:Frespañol/Fragnol
1465:Tangwang language
1243:Singaporean
1233:Solombala English
933:. January 1, 2023
714:Many grammatical
651:[ɟopaˈɾa]
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153:Cantar de mio Cid
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1541:English
1540:
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1535:Occitan
1534:
1532:
1528:
1526:
1523:Spanish
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1521:
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1499:
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1493:
1490:English
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1457:Hmongic
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1429:Russian
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1314:Yiddish
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1308:Visayan
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1299:
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1290:Turkish
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1271:
1268:
1265:Tagalog
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1259:Swedish
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1249:Spanish
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1234:
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1227:Russian
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1208:Namibia
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1190:Maltese
1189:
1187:
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1178:Kannada
1177:
1175:
1174:Bonin English
1171:
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1158:Italian
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720:evidentiality
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378:Equatoguinean
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177:
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171:Pronunciation
169:
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162:
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155:
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146:
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138:
135:
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126:
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97:
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57:
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45:
41:
36:
31:
19:
2306:German
2259:Polish
2172:French
2134:German
2079:Scandinavian
2030:German
2007:Hebrew
1908:Manado Malay
1850:French
1813:Hebrew
1756:Slavic
1702:German
1655:Hebrew
1626:Hebrew
1547:Hebrew
1423:Uyghur
1278:Telugu
1214:Polish
1184:Korean
1125:Hebrew
1113:German
1107:French
1089:Danish
1059:Arabic
997:Camfranglais
935:. Retrieved
930:
921:
912:
887:. New York:
884:
879:
867:
862:
848:(in Spanish)
796:
790:
787:
782:
776:
768:
766:
757:
751:
747:
743:
736:
732:
728:
726:
713:
704:
699:
692:
684:
655:
642:
641:
535:
484:Dialectology
445:Puerto Rican
273:Prepositions
116:
83:
69:Tupi–Guarani
2308:Lachoudisch
2300:Scots
1920:Dutch
1768:Indic
1762:Greek
1746:Tatar
1657:Judeo-Greek
1634:Lachoudisch
1564:French Sign
1496:Malay
1463:Santa
1362:Greek
1358:Juba Arabic
1272:Tamil
1224:/Portuglish
1192:Maltenglish
1152:Irish
1135:Hindi
1119:Greek
1095:Dutch
1071:Czech
937:February 1,
777:all already
700:understands
450:Rioplatense
403:New Mexican
358:Costa Rican
283:conjugation
234:Determiners
183:Orthography
74:Guarani (I)
2323:Categories
2095:Russenorsk
2054:Russenorsk
1937:Portuguese
1852:Franponais
1836:Wasei-eigo
1531:Franponais
1453:E language
1324:See also:
1296:Urdu
1284:Thai
1170:Wasei-eigo
1154:Béarlachas
854:References
752:stepfather
744:It is said
680:loan words
671:spoken in
475:Venezuelan
460:Salvadoran
433:Philippine
423:Peninsular
418:Panamanian
408:Nicaraguan
383:Guatemalan
373:Ecuadorian
308:Andalusian
268:Adjectives
216:Influences
2296:Yeshivish
2241:Ukrainian
2219:Hokaglish
2186:Norspañol
2152:Cocoliche
2142:Spanglish
2113:Swenglish
2101:Norspañol
2081:languages
2048:Trasianka
1793:Cocoliche
1787:Itanglese
1730:Yeshivish
1651:Greeklish
1615:Denglisch
1549:Zarphatic
1543:Franglais
1451:Tai
1407:Hokaglish
1387:Chinglish
1320:Yeshivish
1261:Swenglish
1251:Spanglish
1160:Itanglese
1131:Yeshivish
1121:Greeklish
1115:Denglisch
1109:Franglais
1085:Hokaglish
1079:Chinglish
1073:Czenglish
1038:Hokaglish
989:languages
987:Multiple
840:Diglossia
788:Moõ opyta
594:Hispanism
551:Spanglish
470:Uruguayan
368:Dominican
353:Colombian
338:Caribbean
318:Argentine
118:Glottolog
106:ISO 639-3
2292:Yinglish
2271:Balachka
2195:Tahitian
2168:Castrapo
2156:Lunfardo
2089:Danglish
2060:Runglish
2042:Balachka
1884:Manglish
1880:Singlish
1858:Kyowa-go
1824:Japanese
1797:Lunfardo
1752:Krymchak
1726:Yinglish
1566:Language
1492:Dunglish
1437:Kyowa-go
1401:Manglish
1397:Singlish
1352:Arablish
1316:Yinglish
1292:Turklish
1286:Tinglish
1280:Tenglish
1274:Tanglish
1245:Singlish
1239:Siculish
1229:Runglish
1222:Porglish
1204:Manglish
1186:Konglish
1180:Kanglish
1148:Hunglish
1137:Hinglish
1103:Finglish
1097:Dunglish
1091:Danglish
1067:Banglish
1061:Arablish
1020:Manglish
1016:Singlish
1003:Dobhashi
804:See also
797:Where is
727:La niña
673:Paraguay
660:Spanish:
585:Teaching
556:Castrapo
546:Portuñol
465:Standard
428:Peruvian
413:Paraguay
388:Honduran
333:Canarian
328:Bolivian
323:Belizean
299:Dialects
256:personal
251:Pronouns
163:Overview
125:jopa1240
47:Paraguay
2294:,
2290:,
2288:Heblish
2280:Yiddish
2269:,
2267:Surzhyk
2232:Bisalog
2227:/Englog
2225:Taglish
2211:Tagalog
2162:Chipilo
2154:,
2146:Llanito
2144:,
2122:Spanish
2070:Kyakhta
2062:,
2040:,
2038:Surzhyk
2024:Russian
2003:Kalunga
1994:cupópia
1982:Hunsrik
1910:,
1838:,
1834:,
1832:Engrish
1795:,
1779:Italian
1764:Yevanic
1758:Knaanic
1750:,
1728:,
1724:,
1722:Heblish
1714:Haketia
1712:,
1704:Yiddish
1628:Yiddish
1621:Hunsrik
1508:Javindo
1500:,
1473:,
1445:,
1443:Linghua
1431:Kyakhta
1389:,
1379:Chinese
1318:,
1310:Bislish
1269:/Englog
1267:Taglish
1255:Llanito
1253:,
1231:,
1216:Poglish
1210:Namlish
1172:,
1168:,
1166:Engrish
1129:,
1127:Heblish
1053:English
1026:Yiddish
769:todo ya
760:calques
716:markers
710:Lexicon
677:Spanish
669:Guarani
561:Creoles
531:Llanito
455:Saharan
398:Murcian
393:Mexican
348:Chilean
225:Grammar
197:History
79:Guaraní
2180:Jopará
2107:Svorsk
1975:Talian
1896:Betawi
1748:Karaim
1672:Hebrew
1595:German
1517:French
1498:Betawi
1475:Betawi
1413:Daohua
1344:Arabic
1304:Vinish
1298:Urdish
1044:Betawi
895:
868:jopara
656:Yopará
643:Jopara
536:Jopara
513:Loísmo
508:Leísmo
498:Yeísmo
438:status
313:Andean
261:object
244:gender
211:Middle
176:stress
84:Jopara
64:Tupian
38:Yopará
33:Jopara
18:Jopará
2261:Balak
1922:Petjo
1867:Malay
1643:Greek
1502:Petjo
1484:Dutch
1009:Sabir
748:Well,
729:ndaje
654:) or
503:Voseo
493:Seseo
363:Cuban
278:Verbs
239:Nouns
188:Names
1882:and
1399:and
1018:and
939:2023
893:ISBN
791:baño
737:ánga
1997:),
733:voi
599:RAE
206:Old
2325::
2001:,
1914:,
1584:,
1580:,
1576:,
929:.
903:^
891:.
1991:(
1011:†
972:e
965:t
958:v
941:.
874:)
793:?
779:.
771:.
658:(
645:(
631:e
624:t
617:v
111:–
20:)
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