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494:, in which Carrera was surrounded and had to jump into a river to save himself (not without first shooting straight at the enemy's head of commander), the government relieved him of his duties and appointed Brigadier Bernardo O'Higgins, who had managed to repel the enemy incursion. Carrera was taken prisoner by the Spaniards but managed to escape, he finally exchanged prisoner after the Gainza treaty, and went on to overthrow the government for the third time.
517:. It was settled to make it at the Angostura de Paine, a gorge that formed an easily defended bottleneck, which seemed to be the most logical plan considering that the local forces were outnumbered. However, at the last hour and against direct orders, O'Higgins garrisoned the Chilean forces at the main square of Rancagua. He and his forces were promptly surrounded, and after an entire day of fighting, the Spanish commander
123:
513:, defeated O'Higgins using a cunning defensive strategy). During this chaos, the Spanish army retook Concepción and advanced towards Santiago. Carrera and O'Higgins decided to re-unite the army; Carrera's plan was to draw the Spaniards to the Angostura del Paine, while O'Higgins wanted to make his stand at the town of
475:. Carrera also established September 18 as the national day of Independence (which is still celebrated in Chile), even though the real independence date is on February 12 of 1818. He also abolished slavery, rescinded the clergy's right to legal immunity, and founded the first state-sponsored school in Chile, the
533:
With the defeat of the
Chilean forces, many patriots escaped to Mendoza, which was governed at the time by José de San Martín. As San Martín was a member of the Lautaro Lodge, he welcomed O'Higgins and his allies. After committing acts of vandalism José Miguel and his brothers were arrested and sent
685:
On his return to Chile he led his men in some 10 battles and/or armed engagements against the
Spanish Army. Later, following his trip to the US, and in his attempt to return to Chile, from Argentina, he and his men fought the Argentine in a series or armed confrontations and battles some of which
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During his government, he helped create several
Chilean national symbols and institutions: Carrera created the first Chilean Constitution, made the first Chilean flag and coat of arms, and promoted the press by bringing the first printing press to Chile, which directly led to the appearance of the
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forces. In this difficult situation
Carrera decided to cross to native-controlled lands all the way to Chile to once and for all overthrow Chilean Supreme Director O'Higgins. His passage to Chile, which was his ultimate goal, was opposed by Argentine politicians and he engaged together with
449:
that had been established in Chile to rule during the absence of the
Spanish monarch, he went back to Chile and got involved in politics. As the Carreras were one of the three major political forces, he became part of the government. On 15 November 1811 the Carreras made a
600:. The Lautaro Lodge had already made plans that, in case of defeat, all political enemies—including the Carrera brothers—would be executed. After José Miguel was informed of this, he openly and vociferously began opposing both San Martin and O'Higgins.
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While Alvear was in government, Carrera was in a good position in Buenos Aires. But after Alvear was overthrown, power was taken by members of the
Lautaro Lodge, forcing Carrera to leave Buenos Aires for the United States. With the help of Commodore
588:. While in Montevideo, his brothers Juan José and Luís plotted against O'Higgins, because of his having betrayed the Carreras to San Martin and the Lautaro Lodge. They were arrested in Mendoza and executed by the command of
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and José Miguel became the sole ruler of Chile (his brothers were military commanders). Because of his more personal and
Chilean-national point of view about Chilean independence, Carrera came into conflict with the
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As the
Spanish Army and Navy invaded the South of Chile, he became Commander in Chief of the patriotic forces and left the government. He had a successful campaign, expelling the Spaniards from the city of
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All five of
Carrera's legitimate offspring married prominently in Chilean society, and their descendants, who number in the few hundred, make up the bulk of the Chilean upper classes .
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Apart from ending slavery in Chile, Carrera abolished the titled nobility and ended their legal prerogatives and privileges. He also founded the first free newspaper in the nation,
717:; instituted the first national flag and national seal; and founded the first free secular school, which eventually became known as the Instituto Nacional, its full name being
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were particularly cruel and bloody. Notable in his
Argentine campaign was the Battle of Rio Cuarto. In all, Carrera participated in combat in some 40 separate occasions.
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554:, and by sheer force of personality, José Miguel Carrera managed to obtain—on credit—four ships with American crews for the Chilean independence enterprise.
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As a result of this treaty, Carrera received money and troops, with which he marched towards Chile. One of Carrera's main ally before his death was the
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698:(Fathers of the Nation). The conflict between followers of O'Higgins and Carrera continues to some extent to this day, when many declare themselves
615:, the document that first established the Argentine federal system. However, because of national rivalries, Carrera is not often recognised in
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336:("Reconquest"), he continued campaigning from exile after defeat. His opposition to the leaders of independent Argentina and Chile,
776:. The series include 6 related movies about Chilean Founding Fathers and Heroes, and in it, José Miguel Carrera was portrayed by
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participating in the campaigns of 1808, 1809, and 1810. In Europe Carrera became an elite cavalry officer and a captain in the
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17:
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Carrera entered the military career, in Chile, as a mere boy at the age of six. At the age of 22 (1808) he entered the
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in 1808. He fought against the Napoleonic forces, obtaining the rank of Sergeant Major and receiving the command of the
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318:; October 15, 1785 – September 4, 1821) was a Chilean general, formerly Spanish military, member of the prominent
377:. Carrera was then betrayed by one of his Argentine helpers, leading to his capture and execution in that city.
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claim that his figure is not given enough recognition, in comparison with O'Higgins, whom they openly despise.
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and Francisca de Paula Verdugo Fernández de Valdivieso y Herrera. Carrera carried out his first studies in the
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322:, and considered one of the founders of independent Chile. Carrera was the most important leader of the
365:, in a campaign against the southern provinces of Argentina. After the downfall of Carrera's ally, the
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Long, David, "Nothing Too Daring: A Biography of Commodore David Porter, 1783–1843,” Chapter 7
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Subsequently, Jose Miguel Carrera was one of the main promoters of the Argentine federalist
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Bernardo O'Higgins did not acknowledge Carrera and fought against the Carrera's army at the
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682:. In total he participated in some 20 armed engagements and battles on European soil.
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In Spain he also made contact with the United States independence movement and joined the
8:
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411:, the best school in the country at the time. During these years, he became friends with
348:. From Montevideo Carrera traveled to Argentina where he joined the struggle against the
205:
966:(in Spanish). Vol. I & II. Santiago: Imprenta de El Independiente. p. 310.
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confiscated the ships and put Carrera in prison. During his imprisonment, San Martín
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and fought against the Unitarian government. Carrera and the federalist forces
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However, as he arrived in Buenos Aires with this fleet, the pro-San Martin
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centered objective was to unite all Latin America in the same way as the
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The life of José Miguel Carrera is shown through the television project
919:(in Spanish). Vol. I & II. Paris: Imprenta de E. Thunot y Cia.
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Carrera received help from the United States' envoy who came with him,
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After school he was sent to Spain by his parents. There he joined the
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905:(in Spanish). Vol. I–IV. Santiago: Imprenta del Ferrocarril.
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646:,, Carrera was executed by a firing squad on 4 September 1821.
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and entered Buenos Aires. On 23 February 1820, they signed the
763:, one of the best technical and engineering schools in Chile.
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759:, industrialist and millionaire, who gave his money to build
634:. However, he was intercepted in Mendoza and taken prisoner.
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996:
Instituto de Investigaciones Históricas José Miguel Carrera
950:(in Spanish). Santiago: Imprenta del Ferrocarril. pp.
352:. Carreras' small army was eventually left isolated in the
27:
Chilean military officer; independence leader (1785–1821)
864:"Conciencia de un Legado (Conscience of a Legacy)"
528:
439:La Patria Vieja ("Old Republic") (1810–1814)
1307:Spanish military personnel of the Napoleonic Wars
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694:Carrera is today considered one of the Chileans
393:, the second son (third child, after his sister
134:President of the First Chilean Governing Council
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104: and the second or maternal family name is
719:Instituto Nacional General José Miguel Carrera
903:Historia Jeneral de la Independencia de Chile
1282:People executed by Argentina by firing squad
958:
897:
852:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
145:November 16, 1811 – October 2, 1814
745:, his grandson, a hero who died during the
728:region in the south of Chile, there is the
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800:Government Junta of Chile (November 1811)
761:Federico Santa María Technical University
596:defeated San Martin and O'Higgins at the
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80:Learn how and when to remove this message
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496:
344:respectively, made him live in exile in
43:This article includes a list of general
642:After being judged by his enemies on a
371:United Provinces of the Río de la Plata
14:
1239:
637:
626:tribe that had recently migrated from
964:Recuerdos de treinta años (1810–1840)
856:
767:
926:"Recopilación de Genealogia Chilena"
916:Historia de la Independencia Chilena
609:defeated the Directorship government
369:, and several victories against the
330:("Old Republic"). After the Spanish
29:
909:
738:His prominent descendants include:
666:. He also became commander of the
24:
819:September 1811 Chilean coup d'etat
670:. He distinguished himself in the
573:and defeated the Spaniards in the
361:indigenous tribes, among them the
49:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
1323:
1297:Military personnel from Santiago
1267:Chilean people of Basque descent
542:, a friend of Carrera since the
215:
34:
529:Argentina and the United States
1292:Chilean independence activists
1277:Leaders who took power by coup
877:
830:
598:Second Battle of Cancha Rayada
403:Ignacio de la Carrera y Cuevas
380:
13:
1:
1154:President of Government Junta
1123:President of Government Junta
1094:President of Government Junta
1065:President of Government Junta
972:"José Miguel Carrera Verdugo"
947:El Ostracismo de los Carreras
823:
544:war against Napoleon in Spain
509:(Carrera's youngest brother,
998:(in Spanish). Archived from
843:"Carrera, José Miguel"
315:[xoˈsemiˈɣelkaˈreɾa]
96:, the first or paternal
7:
783:
501:General José Miguel Carrera
385:José Miguel Carrera was of
324:Chilean War of Independence
307:José Miguel Carrera Verdugo
258:Chilean War of Independence
10:
1328:
1272:Viceroyalty of Peru people
1035:Member of Government Junta
924:Pilleux Cepeda, Mauricio.
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649:
471:first newspaper in Chile:
443:When he learned about the
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942:Vicuña Mackenna, Benjamín
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678:. He was wounded in the
326:during the period of the
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617:Argentine Historiography
465:United States of America
389:descent. He was born in
354:Province of Buenos Aires
1287:Executed Chilean people
1257:Heads of state of Chile
1217:Army Commander-in-chief
1188:Army Commander-in-chief
1136:Francisco Antonio Pérez
849:Encyclopædia Britannica
747:Battle of La Concepción
577:, on 12 February 1817.
507:Battle of Tres Acequias
311:Latin American Spanish:
263:Battle of Yerbas Buenas
64:more precise citations.
1147:Francisco de la Lastra
1087:José Santiago Portales
1077:José Santiago Portales
1058:Juan Martínez de Rozas
790:Anti-Chilean sentiment
590:Bernardo de Monteagudo
586:Carlos Frederico Lecor
540:Carlos María de Alvear
525:, (1–2 October 1814).
521:was victorious in the
502:
367:Republic of Entre Ríos
333:"Reconquista de Chile"
1302:Federales (Argentina)
1262:Chilean Army generals
992:"José Miguel Carrera"
743:Ignacio Carrera Pinto
582:Joel Roberts Poinsett
500:
241:Battle of Los Yébenes
757:Federico Santa María
730:General Carrera Lake
559:Argentine government
523:Disaster of Rancagua
492:Surprise of El Roble
408:Convictorio Carolino
285:Argentine Civil Wars
268:Battle of San Carlos
899:Barros Arana, Diego
696:Padres de la Patria
674:and was awarded the
664:Húsares de Farnesio
638:Trial and execution
575:Battle of Chacabuco
206:Mercedes Fontecilla
115:José Miguel Carrera
18:Jose Miguel Carrera
1229:José de San Martín
1210:Bernardo O'Higgins
1200:Bernardo O'Higgins
1166:Bernardo O'Higgins
1019:Political offices
976:La Aurora de Chile
768:In popular culture
751:War of the Pacific
715:La Aurora de Chile
672:Battle of Talavera
668:Húsares de Galicia
503:
477:Instituto Nacional
473:La Aurora de Chile
425:Húsares de Galicia
278:Battle of El Roble
246:Battle of Talavera
1235:
1234:
1226:Succeeded by
1197:Succeeded by
1173:Military offices
1163:Succeeded by
1132:Succeeded by
1103:Succeeded by
1074:Succeeded by
1045:Succeeded by
571:crossed the Andes
563:organized an army
461:Latin-Americanist
446:Junta de Gobierno
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185:September 4, 1821
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16:(Redirected from
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1207:Preceded by
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1144:Preceded by
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1116:Pedro José Prado
1113:Preceded by
1106:Pedro José Prado
1084:Preceded by
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815:Manuel Rodríguez
795:History of Chile
676:Cruz of Talavera
413:Manuel Rodríguez
397:and his brother
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290:Battle of Cepeda
273:Siege of Chillán
224:Military service
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169:October 15, 1785
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154:Personal details
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1004:. Retrieved
1000:the original
995:
980:. Retrieved
978:(in Spanish)
975:
963:
946:
930:. Retrieved
928:(in Spanish)
915:
911:Gay, Claudio
902:
879:
868:. Retrieved
858:
847:
832:
773:
771:
737:
734:
723:
718:
714:
712:
707:
703:
699:
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684:
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667:
663:
653:
641:
621:
602:
592:, after the
579:
556:
552:David Porter
548:
536:Buenos Aires
532:
511:Luis Carrera
504:
489:
481:
472:
469:
444:
442:
430:
423:
420:Spanish Army
417:
406:
384:
332:
328:Patria Vieja
306:
305:
229:Battles/wars
187:(1821-09-04)
140:
105:
101:
94:Spanish name
76:
67:
48:
1252:1821 deaths
1247:1785 births
708:Carreristas
700:Carreristas
452:coup d'état
433:Cádiz Order
381:Early years
62:introducing
1241:Categories
1006:15 October
982:15 October
870:2016-01-04
824:References
726:Patagonian
644:show trial
490:After the
485:Concepción
428:regiment.
358:federalist
350:unitarians
346:Montevideo
338:San Martín
165:1785-10-15
45:references
1128:1812–1813
932:5 January
749:, in the
662:regiment
628:Araucanía
594:Royalists
399:Juan José
342:O'Higgins
212:Signature
196:Argentina
141:In office
944:(1857).
913:(1856).
901:(1855).
784:See also
624:Boroanos
538:, where
515:Rancagua
391:Santiago
172:Santiago
92:In this
891:Sources
724:In the
650:Warrior
630:to the
567:Mendoza
395:Javiera
375:Mendoza
363:Ranquel
192:Mendoza
106:Verdugo
102:Carrera
98:surname
58:improve
774:Heroes
690:Legacy
660:hussar
632:Pampas
387:Basque
202:Spouse
47:, but
401:) of
176:Chile
1222:1814
1193:1813
1159:1814
1099:1812
1070:1811
1048:None
1041:1811
1027:None
1008:2008
984:2008
934:2009
340:and
182:Died
159:Born
952:553
702:or
605:war
565:in
534:to
100:is
1243::
994:.
974:.
846:.
780:.
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706:.
619:.
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194:,
174:,
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20:)
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