564:
478:
470:
816:
422:
1489:
1373:
364:
677:
626:
112:
1317:
694:
1068:
715:
758:
31:
465:
during their revolution and finally managed to defeat it with the help of an overwhelming
Russian interventionist force, proving an effective but ruthless leader. His aggressive strategy may have partly been motivated by his wish to make Austria, rather than Russia, appear as the main victor of the
348:. He was born after his father's return with his wife and family to Hesse-Kassel after 20 years in Denmark. His father acknowledged this natural son, providing for his education and entry into the military officer corps as a cadet. In 1800, Julius Jacob and his siblings were granted the title of
505:
Upon the restoration of peace, Haynau was appointed to high command in
Hungary. His temper quickly led him into quarrels with the minister of war, and he resigned his command in 1850. In later years, he travelled abroad, including to western Europe and England.
303:
in 1848 and later. While a hugely effective military leader, he also gained renown as an aggressive and ruthless commander. His soldiers called him the "Habsburg Tiger"; those opponents who suffered from his brutality called him the
485:
In
Hungary as in Italy, Haynau was accused of brutality. For instance, he was said to have ordered women whipped who were suspected of sympathizing with the insurgents. He also ordered the execution by hanging of the
413:
Haynau later distinguished himself during the
Austrian operations in Italy in 1813 and 1814. Between 1815 and 1847, Haynau was promoted several times, reaching the rank of field marshal lieutenant.
450:
broke out in Italy, Haynau was selected to command troops to suppress them. He fought with success in Italy. He became known in this period for the severity with which he suppressed an uprising in
390:
Julius and Thérèse had more than four decades of marriage together before her death in 1850. She was survived by her husband and only daughter, Clotilde (27 September 1809 – 25 November 1897).
1583:
552:. They struggled with daily insults from the residents. He ordered that women showing disrespect toward the Union officers were to be treated as common prostitutes. The Confederate General
1623:
466:
war. Indeed, the general questioned the wisdom of inviting the
Russians to intervene, as he considered that Austria, with reinforcements from Italy, could have won the war on its own.
1598:
129:
1613:
1608:
590:
When an
Austrian general who had flogged women in the conquered provinces appeared in the London streets, some common draymen off a cart behaved with the direct quixotry of
1633:
454:
and punished participants. A mob in
Brescia had massacred invalid Austrian soldiers in the hospital, and von Haynau ordered reprisals. Numerous attackers were executed.
1618:
1603:
375:
After several years of service in the Army, at nearly 22 years of age, on 11 October 1808 Haynau married Thérèse Weber von
Trauenfels (1787-1851), the daughter of
1628:
1083:
1118:
1588:
1528:
598:. He had beaten women and they beat him. They regarded themselves simply as avengers of ladies in distress, breaking the bloody whip of a German bully.
1457:
426:
1593:
1452:
439:
Haynau was said to have a violent temper, which led him into trouble with his superiors. His support for the monarchy led him to fiercely oppose the
1578:
857:
1539:
497:
Opponents called him the "Hyena of
Brescia" and "Hangman of Arad". In admiration, Austrian soldiers referred to him as the "Habsburg Tiger".
583:
1088:
1111:
1568:
1274:
1351:
744:
134:
1295:
1146:
1104:
906:
567:
Plaque in Park Street, Southwark, London, commemorating the "international incident" when two draymen attacked
General Haynau
560:" for his order. Beauregard did not explain his allusion, believing that his officers were familiar with Haynau's reputation.
1361:
1305:
509:
His reputation for brutality had spread throughout western Europe. In Brussels, Haynau narrowly escaped mob violence. In
1216:
178:
796:
660:
651:
168:
1221:
1211:
183:
638:
208:
1412:
986:
787:
574:, the English author, later described the event near the Barclay & Perkins brewery in London in his book
379:
Franz Johann Baptist Weber von Treuenfels (1745-1809). Her father was killed in action the next year at the
1127:
686:
541:
462:
402:
army as an infantry officer cadet at the age of 15. He gained extensive experience as a soldier during the
345:
212:
173:
75:
926:
War of the Rebellion: Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, series 1, volume 10, page 531
821:
333:
267:
858:"A Biographical Dictionary of all Austrian Generals during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars"
667:
557:
477:
469:
1638:
1331:
563:
514:
1573:
1447:
1228:
825:
735:
380:
376:
726:
325:
1498:
1300:
1326:
487:
434:
309:
967:
1472:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1008:
421:
1253:
1243:
1023:
1002:
193:
1563:
1558:
1488:
1233:
703:
329:
273:
216:
1203:
1053:. Edited and translated Christopher Pringle. Warwick, UK: Helion & Company Ltd., 2021.
8:
1258:
1193:
778:
769:
719:
553:
518:
447:
305:
220:
1397:
1248:
1188:
188:
1523:
1407:
1372:
1346:
1336:
1151:
699:
682:
537:
522:
1392:
1382:
1508:
1442:
1417:
902:
805:
525:, visited England in 1864, he insisted on visiting the brewery to thank the draymen.
79:
1477:
940:
571:
407:
1427:
1198:
410:
in 1809, which the French won in one of their most important battles of the wars.
1462:
1279:
1238:
1141:
990:
631:
607:
403:
399:
384:
363:
163:
117:
99:
1432:
1316:
1513:
1503:
1156:
1096:
763:
341:
1467:
845:
521:, shouting "Down with the Austrian butcher!". When the Italian revolutionary,
1552:
1437:
1422:
1079:
1074:
491:
1518:
1402:
1356:
591:
1387:
595:
579:
545:
1092:. Vol. 13 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 114.
1172:
440:
549:
461:
to command a reserve army; he was ordered into the field against the
337:
368:
350:
1073:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
982:
1059:
Biographie des K. K. Feldzeugmeisters Juliis Freiherrn von Haynau
846:Ă–sterreichisches Biographisches Lexikon 1815-1950 Online-Edition
451:
300:
292:
289:
130:
Austrian Army during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars
969:
Biografie des k. k. Feldzeugmeisters Julius Freiherrn von Haynau
602:
A fictional portrayal of von Haynau appears in the 2022 novel,
510:
458:
321:
95:
71:
714:
296:
1584:
Austrian military personnel of the Italian Independence Wars
955:
Assassin's Creed The Engine of History: The Magus Conspiracy
604:
Assassin's Creed The Engine of History: The Magus Conspiracy
528:
Haynau is buried in St. Leonhard Cemetery in Graz, Austria.
1624:
Recipients of the Order of St. George of the Fourth Degree
1599:
Austrian Empire military personnel of the Napoleonic Wars
30:
885:
Nationalism and the crown in liberal Hungary, 1848-1914
872:
Nationalism and the crown in liberal Hungary, 1848-1914
1614:
Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary
517:
who threw mud and dung at him and chased him down the
1025:
KurfĂĽrstlich Hessisches Hof- und Staatshandbuch: 1851
1609:
Grand Crosses of the Military Order of Maria Theresa
1004:
Hof- und Staats-Handbuch für das Königreich Hannover
1634:
Recipients of the Order of the White Eagle (Russia)
965:
618:He received the following orders and decorations:
429:in 1853 depicting Haynau in command of his troops.
1619:Grand Crosses of the Military Order of Max Joseph
1015:
481:Austrian Medal honouring Haynau in 1849, reverse.
473:Austrian Medal honouring Haynau in 1849, obverse.
1550:
1126:
901:. New York, NY: St Martin's Press. p. 345.
531:
1604:People of the First Italian War of Independence
1629:Recipients of the Order of St. Anna, 3rd class
1112:
1056:
1021:
959:
295:who suppressed insurrectionary movements in
513:, he was attacked by some draymen from the
315:
1589:People of the Hungarian Revolution of 1848
1119:
1105:
416:
29:
920:
918:
443:movements of the mid-nineteenth century.
288:(14 October 1786 – 14 March 1853) was an
1594:19th-century Austrian military personnel
1078:
896:
562:
476:
468:
420:
362:
245: 1808; died 1850)
1579:19th-century German military personnel
1551:
1352:Prince Franz de Paula of Liechtenstein
938:
915:
358:
1296:Hungarian Declaration of Independence
1100:
556:referred to Butler as "the Haynau of
1306:Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867
1275:1848–1849 massacres in Transylvania
544:commanded federal forces occupying
457:In June 1849, Haynau was called to
448:revolutionary insurrections of 1848
135:Imperial Austrian Army of 1806–1867
13:
1362:Alfred I, Prince of Windisch-Grätz
393:
324:, Julius Jacob von Haynau was the
14:
1650:
1051:Hungary 1848: The Winter Campaign
169:First Italian War of Independence
1487:
1371:
1315:
1066:
814:
756:
713:
692:
675:
624:
286:Julius Jakob Freiherr von Haynau
110:
995:
976:
639:Military Order of Maria Theresa
242:
209:Military Order of Maria Theresa
1569:Military personnel from Kassel
1524:Nikolai Fyodorovich Engelhardt
947:
932:
897:Flanders, Judith (July 2014).
890:
877:
864:
850:
839:
788:Knight of St. Alexander Nevsky
745:Grand Cross of the Golden Lion
500:
1:
1529:Maksim Maksimovich Grotenhelm
1509:Grigory Yakovlevich Skariatin
832:
578:(1916), published during the
532:References in popular culture
515:Barclay & Perkins brewery
16:19th-century Austrian general
1519:Grigory Khristoforovich Zass
1147:Hungarian Revolutionary Army
1128:Hungarian Revolution of 1848
983:"A Szent István Rend tagjai"
687:Military Order of Max Joseph
398:In 1801, Haynau entered the
213:Military Order of Max Joseph
174:Hungarian Revolution of 1848
76:Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel
7:
1007:. Berenberg. 1851. p.
966:Karl von Schönhals (1853).
586:were at war with Germany:
488:13 Hungarian rebel generals
268:William I, Elector of Hesse
10:
1655:
1514:Ivan Fyodorovich Paskevich
1504:Fyodor Sergeevich Panyutin
972:. Hesse. pp. 131–132.
652:Grand Cross of St. Stephen
613:
432:
1537:
1486:
1370:
1332:Franz Joseph I of Austria
1314:
1288:
1267:
1181:
1165:
1134:
1057:von Schönhals, R (1875).
953:Heartfield, Kate (2022).
797:Knight of the White Eagle
736:Knight of the Iron Helmet
668:Imperial Order of Leopold
260:
252:
226:
204:
156:
148:
140:
123:
105:
85:
58:
40:
28:
21:
989:22 December 2010 at the
661:Knight of the Iron Crown
381:Battle of Aspern-Essling
377:Field Marshal Lieutenant
316:Early life and education
179:Second Battle of Komárom
152:Field marshal lieutenant
1342:Julius Jacob von Haynau
1089:Encyclopædia Britannica
1028:. Waisenhaus. pp.
941:"The Crimes of England"
826:Knight of St. Januarius
727:Pour la Vertu Militaire
417:Role in the revolutions
184:Third Battle of Komárom
23:Julius Jacob von Haynau
1327:Ferdinand I of Austria
1022:Hessen-Kassel (1851).
600:
568:
482:
474:
435:The 13 Martyrs of Arad
430:
372:
702:: Grand Cross of the
685:: Grand Cross of the
588:
576:The Crimes of England
566:
480:
472:
433:Further information:
424:
366:
141:Years of service
1499:Alexander von LĂĽders
1301:Surrender at Világos
1084:Haynau, Julius Jacob
943:. Project Gutenberg.
779:Knight of St. Andrew
770:Knight of St. George
704:Royal Guelphic Order
540:, the Union General
536:In 1862, during the
406:. He was wounded at
351:Freiherren/Freiinnen
330:Rosa Dorothea Ritter
274:Rosa Dorothea Ritter
217:Royal Guelphic Order
1376:Leaders for Hungary
1320:Leaders for Austria
1208:Battles of Komárom
720:Electorate of Hesse
584:Britain and Ireland
554:P. G. T. Beauregard
519:Borough High Street
494:on 6 October 1849.
359:Marriage and family
256:Clotilde von Haynau
221:Order of St. George
1492:Leaders for Russia
1408:Arisztid Dessewffy
1337:Eduard Clam-Gallas
1152:Kingdom of Hungary
939:Chesterton, G. K.
899:The Victorian City
806:Knight of St. Anna
700:Kingdom of Hanover
683:Kingdom of Bavaria
569:
538:American Civil War
523:Giuseppe Garibaldi
483:
475:
431:
373:
194:Battle of Temesvár
35:General von Haynau
1546:
1545:
908:978-1-250-04021-3
887:(2000), pp. 90-91
749:22 September 1849
666:Commander of the
637:Commander of the
336:(1743-1821), the
283:
282:
232:Thérèse von Weber
80:Holy Roman Empire
1646:
1639:Sons of monarchs
1491:
1478:Bertalan Szemere
1473:István Széchenyi
1458:Alessandro Monti
1398:Henryk Dembiński
1375:
1319:
1121:
1114:
1107:
1098:
1097:
1093:
1072:
1070:
1069:
1062:
1049:Nobili, Johann.
1042:
1041:
1019:
1013:
1012:
999:
993:
985:(in Hungarian),
980:
974:
973:
963:
957:
951:
945:
944:
936:
930:
929:
922:
913:
912:
894:
888:
883:Alice Freifeld,
881:
875:
870:Alice Freifeld,
868:
862:
861:
854:
848:
843:
820:
818:
817:
762:
760:
759:
718:
717:
698:
696:
695:
681:
679:
678:
630:
628:
627:
572:G. K. Chesterton
427:Giuseppe Bezzoli
306:Hyena of Brescia
246:
244:
189:Battle of Szőreg
125:
116:
114:
113:
92:
68:
66:
49:Hyena of Brescia
33:
19:
18:
1654:
1653:
1649:
1648:
1647:
1645:
1644:
1643:
1574:Austrian barons
1549:
1548:
1547:
1542:
1533:
1482:
1463:Ferenc Ottinger
1393:János Damjanich
1383:Lajos Batthyány
1366:
1310:
1284:
1280:Vienna Uprising
1263:
1177:
1161:
1142:Austrian Empire
1130:
1125:
1082:, ed. (1911). "
1067:
1065:
1046:
1045:
1020:
1016:
1001:
1000:
996:
991:Wayback Machine
981:
977:
964:
960:
952:
948:
937:
933:
924:
923:
916:
909:
895:
891:
882:
878:
869:
865:
856:
855:
851:
844:
840:
835:
830:
815:
813:
781:, in Diamonds,
757:
755:
712:
693:
691:
676:
674:
645:; Grand Cross,
632:Austrian Empire
625:
623:
616:
608:Kate Heartfield
580:First World War
542:Benjamin Butler
534:
503:
437:
419:
404:Napoleonic Wars
396:
394:Military career
385:Napoleonic Wars
361:
318:
310:Hangman of Arad
279:
248:
240:
236:
233:
219:
215:
211:
200:
164:Napoleonic Wars
133:
118:Austrian Empire
111:
109:
100:Austrian Empire
94:
90:
70:
69:14 October 1786
64:
62:
53:Hangman of Arad
51:
47:
36:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1652:
1642:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1544:
1543:
1538:
1535:
1534:
1532:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1495:
1493:
1484:
1483:
1481:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1448:Lázár Mészáros
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1379:
1377:
1368:
1367:
1365:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1323:
1321:
1312:
1311:
1309:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1292:
1290:
1286:
1285:
1283:
1282:
1277:
1271:
1269:
1265:
1264:
1262:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1225:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1185:
1183:
1179:
1178:
1176:
1175:
1169:
1167:
1163:
1162:
1160:
1159:
1157:Russian Empire
1154:
1149:
1144:
1138:
1136:
1132:
1131:
1124:
1123:
1116:
1109:
1101:
1095:
1094:
1080:Chisholm, Hugh
1063:
1054:
1044:
1043:
1014:
994:
975:
958:
946:
931:
914:
907:
889:
876:
863:
849:
837:
836:
834:
831:
829:
828:
811:
810:
809:
803:
794:
785:
776:
764:Russian Empire
753:
752:
751:
742:
740:19 August 1815
733:
731:5 January 1815
725:Knight of the
710:
689:
672:
671:
670:
664:
658:
649:
620:
615:
612:
533:
530:
502:
499:
418:
415:
395:
392:
360:
357:
317:
314:
281:
280:
278:
277:
271:
264:
262:
258:
257:
254:
250:
249:
238:
234:
231:
230:
228:
224:
223:
206:
202:
201:
199:
198:
197:
196:
191:
186:
181:
171:
166:
160:
158:
154:
153:
150:
146:
145:
142:
138:
137:
127:
121:
120:
107:
103:
102:
93:(aged 66)
87:
83:
82:
60:
56:
55:
45:Habsburg Tiger
42:
38:
37:
34:
26:
25:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1651:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1556:
1554:
1541:
1536:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1496:
1494:
1490:
1485:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1438:Lajos Kossuth
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1428:György Klapka
1426:
1424:
1423:Richard Guyon
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1413:András Gáspár
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1380:
1378:
1374:
1369:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1347:Josip Jelačić
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1324:
1322:
1318:
1313:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1293:
1291:
1287:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1272:
1270:
1266:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1217:Second battle
1215:
1213:
1210:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1184:
1182:Major battles
1180:
1174:
1171:
1170:
1168:
1164:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1139:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1122:
1117:
1115:
1110:
1108:
1103:
1102:
1099:
1091:
1090:
1085:
1081:
1076:
1075:public domain
1064:
1060:
1055:
1052:
1048:
1047:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1026:
1018:
1010:
1006:
1005:
998:
992:
988:
984:
979:
971:
970:
962:
956:
950:
942:
935:
927:
921:
919:
910:
904:
900:
893:
886:
880:
874:(2000), p. 90
873:
867:
859:
853:
847:
842:
838:
827:
823:
812:
807:
804:
802:
798:
795:
793:
789:
786:
784:
780:
777:
775:
772:, 4th Class,
771:
768:
767:
765:
754:
750:
746:
743:
741:
737:
734:
732:
728:
724:
723:
721:
716:
711:
709:
705:
701:
690:
688:
684:
673:
669:
665:
662:
659:
657:
653:
650:
648:
647:26 March 1850
644:
640:
636:
635:
633:
622:
621:
619:
611:
609:
606:, written by
605:
599:
597:
593:
587:
585:
581:
577:
573:
565:
561:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
529:
526:
524:
520:
516:
512:
507:
498:
495:
493:
489:
479:
471:
467:
464:
460:
455:
453:
449:
444:
442:
441:revolutionary
436:
428:
423:
414:
411:
409:
405:
401:
391:
388:
386:
382:
378:
370:
365:
356:
354:
352:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
313:
311:
307:
302:
298:
294:
291:
287:
275:
272:
269:
266:
265:
263:
259:
255:
251:
229:
225:
222:
218:
214:
210:
207:
203:
195:
192:
190:
187:
185:
182:
180:
177:
176:
175:
172:
170:
167:
165:
162:
161:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
136:
131:
128:
122:
119:
108:
104:
101:
97:
89:14 March 1853
88:
84:
81:
77:
73:
61:
57:
54:
50:
46:
43:
39:
32:
27:
20:
1443:Vilmos Lázár
1433:György Kmety
1418:Artúr Görgey
1403:Antal Vetter
1357:Franz Schlik
1341:
1268:Other events
1222:Third battle
1212:First battle
1135:Belligerents
1087:
1058:
1050:
1024:
1017:
1003:
997:
978:
968:
961:
954:
949:
934:
925:
898:
892:
884:
879:
871:
866:
852:
841:
822:Two Sicilies
800:
791:
782:
773:
748:
739:
730:
707:
655:
646:
643:29 July 1849
642:
617:
603:
601:
592:Sir Lancelot
589:
575:
570:
535:
527:
508:
504:
496:
484:
456:
445:
438:
425:Painting by
412:
397:
389:
374:
367:Arms of the
349:
346:Hesse-Kassel
326:illegitimate
319:
285:
284:
157:Battles/wars
91:(1853-03-14)
52:
48:
44:
1564:1853 deaths
1559:1786 births
1468:MĂłr Perczel
1061:. Vienna: .
808:, 3rd Class
801:August 1849
792:August 1849
783:August 1849
663:, 1st Class
596:Sir Galahad
546:New Orleans
501:Later years
383:during the
308:" and the "
41:Nickname(s)
1553:Categories
1453:János Móga
1173:April Laws
833:References
463:Hungarians
371:von Haynau
369:Freiherren
353:von Haynau
106:Allegiance
65:1786-10-14
1388:JĂłzef Bem
1289:Influence
1259:Kishegyes
1194:Schwechat
558:the North
550:Louisiana
446:When the
338:landgrave
334:William I
261:Relations
227:Spouse(s)
144:1801–1850
1254:Temesvár
1244:Segesvár
987:Archived
774:May 1849
400:Austrian
320:Born in
290:Austrian
276:(mother)
270:(father)
253:Children
124:Service/
1540:Commons
1229:Isaszeg
1204:Kápolna
1166:Pretext
1077::
614:Honours
452:Brescia
342:elector
340:(later
328:son of
301:Hungary
293:general
247:
239:
235:
1249:Szőreg
1189:Pákozd
1071:
905:
819:
761:
697:
680:
629:
582:while
511:London
459:Vienna
408:Wagram
332:, and
322:Kassel
205:Awards
126:branch
115:
96:Vienna
72:Kassel
1239:Pered
344:) of
297:Italy
241:(
237:
1234:Buda
903:ISBN
708:1849
656:1850
492:Arad
299:and
149:Rank
86:Died
59:Born
1199:MĂłr
1086:".
594:or
490:at
312:".
1555::
1038:36
1036:,
1034:32
1032:,
1030:14
1009:62
917:^
824::
799:,
790:,
766::
747:,
738:,
729:,
722::
706:,
654:,
641:,
634::
610:.
548:,
387:.
355:.
243:m.
98:,
78:,
74:,
1120:e
1113:t
1106:v
1040:.
1011:.
928:.
911:.
860:.
304:"
132:,
67:)
63:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
