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188:, meaning they cannot swim effectively under their own power, but must drift with ocean currents. Fish eggs cannot swim at all, and are unambiguously planktonic. Early stage larvae swim poorly, but later stage larvae swim better and cease to be planktonic as they grow into juveniles. Fish larvae are part of the
469:
and are camouflaged with a pattern of spots and vertical bars. They remain in this stage for up to three years. Some older male parr are even already able to fertilize adult females' eggs in the spawning season, without having passed through the subsequent stages of development, and compete to do so
688:
is the activity of catching whitebait. Whitebait are tender and edible, and can be regarded as a delicacy. The entire fish is eaten including head, fins and gut. Some species make better eating than others, and the particular species that are marketed as "whitebait" varies in different parts of the
731:
when eels first arrive in rivers and swim upstream from the sea in which they hatched. Because the eel cannot be farmed, eels have instead been caught from the wild as juveniles and reared in captivity for human consumption, reducing the wild population further. Like whitebait, elvers are now
581:
480:– As they approach the time when they are ready to migrate out to the sea, the parr lose their camouflage bars and undergo a process of physiological changes that allows them to survive a shift from freshwater to saltwater environments. At this point these young salmon are called
254:
from larva to juvenile is complete, that is, when the larva develops the features of a functional fish. These features are that all the fin rays are present and that scale growth is under way. The stage completes when the juvenile becomes adult, that is, when it becomes
357:
that can be applied to the juveniles of most fish species, but some groups of fishes have juvenile development stages particular to the group. This section details the stages and the particular names used for juvenile salmon.
549:
624:
structures, where they have better protection from predators. As the fish grow, their foraging ability increases and their vulnerability to predators decreases, and they tend to shift from mangroves to
326:, hence the name. Once reaching this stage, the fish can be considered a juvenile, and is usually active enough to move around a large area. The feeding diet also changes from planktons to
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514:
with other post-smolt and set off to find deep-sea feeding grounds. They then spend up to four more years as adult ocean salmon while their full swimming and reproductive capacity develops.
533:
521:
389:. The salmon spawning grounds are also the salmon nurseries, providing a more protected environment than the ocean usually offers. After 2 to 6 months the eggs hatch into tiny salmon
506:– When they have matured sufficiently in late spring and are about 15 to 20 centimetres long, the smolt swim out of the rivers and into the sea. There they spend their first year as
580:
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and they stay hidden in the gravels for a few more days, as they are still largely immobile and rely on the remaining nutrients stored in the sac for survival.
744:" instead. Glass eels are regularly smuggled out of Europe having been harvested illegally for Asian and Russian consumers; smugglers can earn millions of
719:. Traditionally, fishermen consumed elvers as a cheap dish, but environmental changes have greatly reduced eel populations and the European eel is now
564:
1318:
2170:
1367:
616:
Juvenile fish need protection from predators. Juvenile species, as with small species in general, can achieve some safety in numbers by
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1912:
923:"The influence of male parr body size and mate competition on fertilization success and effective population size in Atlantic salmon"
192:
that eat smaller plankton, while fish eggs carry their own food supply. Both eggs and larvae are themselves eaten by larger animals.
672:
is a marketing term for the fry of fish, typically between 25 and 50 millimetres long. Such juvenile fish often travel together in
1180:
740:, for example, can cost the equivalent of US$ 100, and other species which can be purchased cheaply are prepared and eaten as "
419:– When the larvae develop further, their yolk sac gets depleted. Once the sac is almost completely gone the larvae must begin
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which provides stored nutrition. Before the yolk sac completely disappears, the young fish must mature enough to be able to
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independently. When they have developed to the point where they are capable of feeding by themselves, the fish are called
1739:
709:
and many others) it is not an ecologically viable foodstuff and in several countries strict controls on harvesting exist.
1091:
1769:
811:
1073:
Hunter, JR and
Mitchell CT (1966) "Association of fishes with flotsam in the offshore waters of Central America".
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1007:
210:
stage, because there are aspects, such as those to do with the egg envelope, that are not just embryonic aspects.
527:
Salmon eggs. The growing larvae can be seen through the transparent egg envelope. The black spots are the eyes.
1035:"Roles of behavioral and physical factors in larval and juvenile fish recruitment to estuarine nursery areas"
859:
2474:
1508:
555:
Sac fry remain in the gravel habitat of their redd (nest) while their yolk sac, or "lunch box" is depleted
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for food by themselves, so they leave the protection of the gravel bed and start using their now-stronger
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diet and quickly gain body mass, and at the end of the summer they develop into juvenile salmon called
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496:) to the higher salt levels they will encounter in the ocean. Smolt also grow silvery scales with
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1965:
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629:. In the open sea juvenile species often aggregate around floating objects such as jellyfish and
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2015:
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Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) migration behavior and preferences in smolts, spawners and kelts
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1907:
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93:
798:
Southwest
Fisheries Science Center, NOAA. Modified 3 September 2007. Retrieved 22 July 2011.
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side of the spinal cord develops and becomes flexible. A transitional stage known as the
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as it is still too small and slow to venture away from covers without being consumed by
229:
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fish gradually (though still smaller), although it is not yet achieved sexual maturity.
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288:– refers to a more developed hatchling whose yolk sac has almost disappeared, and its
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1935:
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1092:"Biotic and abiotic structure in the pelagic environment: Importance to small fishes"
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According to
Kendall et al. 1984 there are three main developmental stages of fish:
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274:, and therefore not yet capable of active feeding. A hatchling still possesses a
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101:
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have covered the body. At this stage, the fish is typically about the size of a
270:– refers to a recently hatched fish larva that is still too immature to achieve
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1995:
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is functional to the point where the fish can move around and perform limited
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543:. In a few days, the sac fry will absorb the yolk sac and become a salmon fry
334:, occasionally other fish. The fish also starts to morphologically resemble
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97:
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world. As whitebait consists of fry of many important food species (such as
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Freshwater and Ocean
Survival of Atlantic Salmon and Steelhead: A Synopsis"
1008:"Factors affecting the distribution of juvenile estuarine and inshore fish"
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together. Juvenile coastal fish are drawn to turbid shallow waters and to
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and sometimes up rivers where they can be easily caught with fine meshed
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and mature into adult salmon. They gain most of their weight in the ocean
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1229:"Illegal eel: black market continues to taint Europe's eel fishery"
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138:, the transition to a juvenile fish is complete and it is called a
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53:
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864:
Page 38. FAO Fisheries and
Aquaculture, Circular 1029. FAO, Rome.
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Review of fishery information and data collection systems in China
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upon which it depends for nutrition, and are thus also known as a
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19:"Fish (fry)" redirects here. For the culinary dish consisting of
1143:"European Eel - Anguilla anguilla | Marine Conservation Society"
206:
to hatching. This stage is named so, instead of being called an
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2240:
635:
seaweed. This can significantly increase their survival rates.
382:
369:– The life cycle of salmon begins and usually also ends in the
207:
2486:
858:
Guo Z, Xie Y, Zhang X, Wang Y, Zhang D and
Sugiyama S (2008)
2616:
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stage, lasts from hatching to the complete resorption of the
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837:"Early life history stages of fishes and their characters"
172:
of fish. They are usually found in the sunlit zone of the
146:. The juvenile stage lasts until the fish is fully grown,
2284:
1852:
816:
Ecology of marine fishes: California and adjacent waters
314:– refers to a fish that has reached the stage where the
1345:
1181:"Why baby eels are one of Spain's most expensive foods"
774:– global online database on fish eggs and juvenile fish
250:
stage: Starts when the morphological transformation or
921:
Jones, Matthew W.; Hutchings, Jeffrey A. (June 2001).
814:
Pages 269–319. In: Allen LG, Pondella DJ and Horn MH,
118:
are not yet capable of feeding themselves and carry a
840:
American
Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists
263:
This article is about the larval and juvenile stage.
590:
as they become ready for the transition to the ocean
142:, so called as they are typically about the size of
732:considered a delicacy and are priced at up to 1000
296:to nourish itself. At this stage, the fish usually
1058:Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology
224:has started (squamation). A key event is when the
176:, less than 200 metres deep, sometimes called the
1055:"Why do juvenile fish utilise mangrove habitats?"
748:. Elvers reach a higher price in China than does
574:, grow up in the relatively protected natal river
2798:
1128:https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/pdf/45833138
727:are even younger eels than elvers, the stage in
441:– When a fry has grown to roughly the size of a
835:Kendall Jr AW, Ahlstrom EH and Moser HG (1984)
586:The parr lose their camouflage bars and become
1206:"Illegal eel exporters exposed by Countryfile"
1124:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS.T60344A45833138.en
920:
907:
905:
2502:
1361:
1286:
968:
966:
611:
431:. At this point these mobile alevins become
1340:Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
1262:"Salesman smuggled £53m worth of live eels"
902:
806:
804:
216:stage: From the eggs hatching till to when
2509:
2495:
1368:
1354:
1324:Bley, Patrick W and Moring, John R (1988)
963:
895:
893:
887:. See: Origin. Accessed: 11 February 2020.
457:. Fingerlings will start moving to a more
130:. When, in addition, they have developed
1913:Tradeoffs for locomotion in air and water
990:pp. 418–422, Taylor & Francis Group.
938:
736:per kilogram. A small serving of Spanish
500:, which visually confuse ocean predators.
220:are present and the growth of protective
100:and adulthood. The life of fish start as
801:
652:
642:
259:or starts interacting with other adults.
1289:"Illegal elvers worth more than caviar"
1116:The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
890:
373:of streams and rivers. These are their
150:and interacting with other adult fish.
2799:
1287:Gregory-Kumar, David (12 April 2017).
829:
453:, and is thus colloquially known as a
2490:
1349:
1226:
1137:
1135:
854:
852:
756:advises against buying European eels.
1178:
1038:American Fisheries Society Symposium
978:
663:Juvenile fish are marketed as food.
492:while their body chemistry adjusts (
2469:
1740:Electroreception and electrogenesis
1110:Jacoby, D. & Gollock, M. 2014.
1053:Laegdsgaard P and Johnson C (2000)
789:
474:adult males returning from the sea.
13:
1132:
1023:10.1111/j.1095-8649.1980.tb02749.x
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342:
14:
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2629:
2468:
2457:
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2439:
2438:
1464:
1033:Boehlert GW and Mundy BC (1988)
1006:Blaber SJM and Blaber TG (2006)
940:10.1046/j.1365-2540.2001.00880.x
818:University of California Press.
638:
595:
579:
563:
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532:
520:
409:containing the remainder of the
153:
62:
41:
2516:
1424:Environmental impact of fishing
1280:
1254:
1227:Bryce, Emma (9 February 2016).
1220:
1198:
1172:
1160:
1104:
1084:
1067:
1047:
1027:
1000:
676:along the coast, and move into
1338:Introductory Research Essay,
914:
875:
1:
1309:
810:Moser HG and Watson W (2006)
162:(planktonic or drifting fish)
1509:intramembranous ossification
1329:US Fish and Wildlife Service
381:are deposited for among the
7:
1321:Retrieved 15 December 2011.
1169:Retrieved 14 February 2012.
984:Bone Q and Moore RH (2008)
760:
754:Marine Conservation Society
539:Salmon egg hatching into a
10:
2833:
1888:Fin and flipper locomotion
1858:Sequential hermaphroditism
1745:Jamming avoidance response
1462:
1334:Lindberg, Dan-Erik (2011)
1095:Bulletin of Marine Science
602:Salmon enter the ocean as
484:. Smolt spend time in the
427:to swim around feeding on
346:
18:
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1118:2014: e.T60344A45833138.
796:What are Ichthyoplankton?
612:Protection from predators
445:, it develops protective
1375:
783:
449:and sufficiently strong
2404:Glossary of ichthyology
1966:Diel vertical migration
1011:Journal of Fish Biology
353:Fry and fingerling are
56:and can feed themselves
2786:Shoaling and schooling
1770:Surface wave detection
1735:Hydrodynamic reception
1409:Diseases and parasites
842:, Special publication
660:
650:
377:grounds, where salmon
184:. Ichthyoplankton are
52:no longer depend on a
1908:Undulatory locomotion
1725:Ampullae of Lorenzini
1316:Atlantic Salmon Trust
973:Atlantic Salmon Trust
721:critically endangered
656:
646:
570:The juvenile salmon,
465:. Parr feed on small
2136:Genetically modified
1167:Basque food: Angulas
1090:Kingsford MJ (1993)
318:can be extended and
228:associated with the
1941:Aquatic respiration
1828:Life history theory
1075:US Fishery Bulletin
92:go through various
1780:Weberian apparatus
661:
651:
557:(click to enlarge)
510:. Post-smolt form
2812:Fish reproduction
2794:
2793:
2724:
2723:
2625:
2624:
2597:goldband fusilier
2484:
2483:
2394:Fish common names
2305:
2304:
1936:Aquatic predation
1760:Capacity for pain
1489:Age determination
1112:Anguilla anguilla
996:978-0-415-37562-7
987:Biology of Fishes
885:Oxford dictionary
870:978-92-5-105979-1
824:978-0-520-24653-9
812:"Ichthyoplankton"
470:with much larger
320:protective scales
107:which hatch into
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2643:
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2556:mackerel (small)
2529:
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1399:Ethnoichthyology
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1179:Randolph, Mike.
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767:Fish development
729:eel life history
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66:
45:
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1818:Ichthyoplankton
1784:
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1709:
1705:Digital Library
1700:Teleost leptins
1639:Shark cartilage
1563:pharyngeal slit
1558:pharyngeal arch
1494:Anguilliformity
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746:pounds sterling
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343:Juvenile salmon
257:sexually mature
159:Ichthyoplankton
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148:sexually mature
114:. These larval
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2243:
2238:
2233:
2222:
2220:
2218:Wild fisheries
2214:
2213:
2211:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2184:
2182:
2173:
2167:
2166:
2164:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2141:Hallucinogenic
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2112:
2110:
2106:
2105:
2103:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2046:
2044:
2037:
2036:
2034:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2016:Schooling fish
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1976:Filter feeders
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1951:Bottom feeders
1948:
1943:
1938:
1932:
1930:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1920:
1915:
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1895:
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1651:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1620:
1619:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1597:Leydig's organ
1594:
1593:
1592:
1590:pharyngeal jaw
1587:
1577:
1572:
1571:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1543:branchial arch
1535:
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1311:
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1306:
1305:
1279:
1268:. 6 March 2020
1253:
1219:
1208:. 15 June 2019
1197:
1171:
1159:
1131:
1103:
1083:
1066:
1046:
1026:
1017:(2): 143–162.
999:
977:
962:
933:(6): 675–684.
913:
901:
889:
874:
848:
828:
800:
787:
785:
782:
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780:
775:
769:
762:
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710:
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637:
613:
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609:
608:
601:
594:
592:
585:
578:
576:
569:
562:
560:
554:
547:
545:
538:
531:
529:
526:
519:
516:
515:
501:
498:countershading
494:osmoregulation
488:waters of the
475:
436:
414:
344:
341:
340:
339:
309:
283:
261:
260:
245:
211:
155:
152:
74:has developed
69:
68:
61:
60:
48:
47:
40:
39:
38:
34:
33:
32:
31:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2829:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2804:
2802:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2776:Predator fish
2774:
2772:
2771:Juvenile fish
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2756:Filter feeder
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2733:
2731:
2727:
2717:
2714:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2704:river herring
2702:
2701:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2683:
2681:
2677:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2652:
2650:
2648:
2644:
2641:
2637:
2632:
2618:
2617:squid (small)
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2589:
2587:
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2577:
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2564:
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2523:
2519:
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2507:
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2498:
2493:
2492:
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2477:
2476:
2467:
2465:
2464:
2455:
2454:
2451:
2445:
2444:more lists...
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2399:Fish families
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2384:Aquarium life
2382:
2381:
2379:
2375:
2367:
2366:fleshy-finned
2364:
2362:
2359:
2358:
2357:
2354:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2336:
2335:
2334:Cartilaginous
2332:
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2117:
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2101:
2098:
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2047:
2045:
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2038:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1971:Electric fish
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1933:
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1608:
1605:
1603:
1602:Mauthner cell
1600:
1598:
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1524:
1522:
1521:Chromatophore
1519:
1517:
1514:
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1505:
1502:
1501:
1500:
1497:
1495:
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1234:
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1223:
1207:
1201:
1186:
1182:
1175:
1168:
1163:
1148:
1147:www.mcsuk.org
1144:
1138:
1136:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
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1107:
1100:
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1070:
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1059:
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1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1009:
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993:
989:
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981:
974:
969:
967:
958:
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950:
946:
941:
936:
932:
928:
924:
917:
911:Lindberg 2011
908:
906:
896:
894:
886:
883:
878:
871:
867:
863:
862:
855:
853:
845:
841:
838:
832:
825:
821:
817:
813:
807:
805:
797:
792:
788:
779:
776:
773:
770:
768:
765:
764:
755:
751:
750:beluga caviar
747:
743:
739:
735:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
711:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
670:
666:
665:
664:
655:
645:
639:As human food
636:
634:
633:
628:
623:
619:
605:
598:
593:
589:
582:
577:
573:
566:
561:
558:
551:
546:
542:
535:
530:
523:
518:
517:
513:
509:
505:
502:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
476:
473:
468:
467:invertebrates
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
437:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
415:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
361:
360:
359:
356:
355:generic terms
350:
337:
333:
329:
328:invertebrates
325:
321:
317:
313:
310:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
284:
281:
277:
273:
269:
266:
265:
264:
258:
253:
252:metamorphosis
249:
246:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
212:
209:
205:
201:
198:
197:
196:
193:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
160:
154:Growth stages
151:
149:
145:
144:human fingers
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
110:
106:
103:
99:
98:fertilization
95:
91:
81:
77:
73:
65:
55:
51:
44:
35:Juvenile fish
30:
26:
22:
2770:
2696:mosquitofish
2686:Carp (small)
2670:Common roach
2473:
2461:
2361:spiny-finned
2310:Major groups
2031:Intelligence
2011:Scale eaters
1956:Cleaner fish
1838:Mouthbrooder
1822:
1790:Reproduction
1765:Schreckstoff
1750:Lateral line
1666:Swim bladder
1656:Spiral valve
1585:hyomandibula
1568:pseudobranch
1451:Hypoxia in -
1339:
1328:
1319:Salmon Facts
1315:
1296:. Retrieved
1292:
1282:
1270:. Retrieved
1265:
1256:
1244:. Retrieved
1233:The Guardian
1232:
1222:
1210:. Retrieved
1200:
1188:. Retrieved
1184:
1174:
1162:
1150:. Retrieved
1146:
1115:
1111:
1106:
1101:(2):393-415.
1098:
1094:
1086:
1078:
1074:
1069:
1061:
1057:
1049:
1041:
1037:
1029:
1014:
1010:
1002:
986:
980:
972:
930:
926:
916:
884:
877:
860:
843:
839:
831:
815:
791:
741:
737:
724:
712:
686:Whitebaiting
685:
682:fishing nets
667:
662:
630:
615:
603:
587:
571:
556:
540:
507:
503:
481:
477:
462:
454:
443:human finger
438:
432:
416:
398:
394:
366:
362:
352:
324:human finger
311:
298:filter-feeds
290:swim bladder
285:
279:
267:
262:
247:
237:
213:
202:stage: From
199:
194:
174:water column
161:
157:
139:
134:and working
127:
111:
88:
78:and working
71:
49:
29:
2817:Ichthyology
2781:Sardine run
2746:Feeder fish
2655:Leuciscidae
2518:Forage fish
2475:WikiProject
2434:Prehistoric
2418:Threatened
2109:Other types
2006:Sardine run
1981:Forage fish
1961:Corallivory
1813:Development
1798:Bubble nest
1671:physoclisti
1661:Suckermouth
1634:Root effect
1456:Ichthyology
1185:www.bbc.com
459:carnivorous
387:stream beds
190:zooplankton
182:photic zone
94:life stages
2801:Categories
2639:Freshwater
2090:Groundfish
2085:Freshwater
2080:Euryhaline
2065:Coral reef
2001:Salmon run
1991:Paedophagy
1893:Amphibious
1880:Locomotion
1688:pharyngeal
1676:physostome
1629:Photophore
1575:Glossohyal
1548:gill raker
1531:dorsal fin
1481:physiology
1310:References
1190:11 January
1064:: 229–253.
1044:(5): 1–67.
882:fingerling
772:LarvalBase
725:Glass eels
715:are young
632:Sargassum
604:post-smolt
508:post-smolt
504:Post-smolt
472:anadromous
455:fingerling
403:hatchlings
371:backwaters
349:Salmon run
347:See also:
312:Fingerling
238:sac larval
186:planktonic
178:epipelagic
140:fingerling
116:hatchlings
72:fingerling
21:fried fish
16:Young fish
2761:Food fish
2741:Bait fish
2736:Bait ball
2700:herrings
2691:killifish
2541:Anchovies
2533:Clupeidae
2339:chimaeras
2226:Predatory
2203:Salmonids
2161:Whitefish
2151:Poisonous
2126:Diversity
2060:Coldwater
1996:Predatory
1986:Migratory
1946:Bait ball
1929:behaviour
1848:Pregnancy
1843:Polyandry
1617:papillare
1612:Operculum
1607:Meristics
1553:gill slit
1516:Cleithrum
1446:Fish kill
1436:Fear of -
1429:- as food
1419:Fisheries
1404:Evolution
1394:Diversity
1246:7 January
1241:0261-3077
1212:7 January
1152:7 January
949:1365-2540
899:Bley 1988
678:estuaries
669:Whitebait
648:Whitebait
618:schooling
490:estuaries
306:predators
302:planktons
268:Hatchling
226:notochord
208:embryonic
2709:alewives
2602:halfbeak
2561:menhaden
2463:Category
2414:Smallest
2327:lampreys
2290:flatfish
2280:Demersal
2236:mackerel
2231:billfish
2171:Commerce
2100:Tropical
2075:Demersal
2070:Deep-sea
2026:Venomous
1918:RoboTuna
1868:triggers
1863:Spawning
1823:Juvenile
1808:Egg case
1441:FishBase
1293:BBC News
1266:BBC News
1081:: 13–29.
957:11595048
927:Heredity
846:: 11–22.
778:Spawning
761:See also
703:mackerel
699:sardines
627:mudflats
622:mangrove
486:brackish
429:plankton
421:foraging
407:yolk sac
401:. These
375:spawning
294:foraging
276:yolk sac
272:motility
248:Juvenile
242:yolk sac
230:tail fin
218:fin rays
204:spawning
164:are the
120:yolk sac
109:immotile
96:between
54:yolk-sac
25:fish fry
2592:Capelin
2566:sardine
2546:herring
2409:Largest
2322:hagfish
2317:Jawless
2295:pollock
2268:sardine
2263:herring
2258:anchovy
2208:Tilapia
2198:Octopus
2193:Catfish
2180:Farming
2095:Pelagic
2055:Coastal
2042:habitat
1898:Walking
1803:Clasper
1755:Otolith
1717:systems
1715:Sensory
1649:ganoine
1624:Papilla
1475:Anatomy
1414:Fishing
1298:7 March
1272:7 March
742:angulas
738:angulas
691:herring
674:schools
541:sac fry
512:schools
405:have a
395:sac fry
393:called
383:gravels
363:Sac fry
280:sac fry
234:ventral
232:on the
102:spawned
2716:sucker
2665:shiner
2647:Minnow
2576:sprats
2551:Ilisha
2525:Marine
2427:sharks
2344:sharks
2273:sprats
2253:Forage
2241:salmon
2121:Coarse
1903:Flying
1775:Vision
1730:Barbel
1644:Scales
1504:dermal
1384:About
1239:
994:
955:
947:
868:
822:
752:. The
713:Elvers
658:Elvers
447:scales
399:alevin
391:larvae
367:alevin
222:scales
214:Larval
170:larvae
132:scales
124:forage
112:larvae
76:scales
23:, see
2679:Other
2612:krill
2607:smelt
2585:Other
2389:Blind
2377:Lists
2156:Rough
2021:Sleep
1927:Other
1693:shark
1683:Teeth
784:Notes
695:sprat
588:smolt
482:smolt
478:Smolt
433:fries
425:tails
336:adult
332:algae
2660:dace
2571:shad
2422:rays
2356:Bony
2349:rays
2246:tuna
2188:Carp
2146:Oily
2131:Game
2116:Bait
2050:Cave
1833:Milt
1538:Gill
1526:Fins
1499:Bone
1386:fish
1377:Fish
1300:2020
1274:2020
1248:2020
1237:ISSN
1214:2020
1192:2020
1154:2020
992:ISBN
975:2011
953:PMID
945:ISSN
866:ISBN
820:ISBN
734:euro
717:eels
707:bass
572:parr
463:parr
451:fins
439:Parr
411:yolk
379:eggs
330:and
316:fins
168:and
166:eggs
136:fins
105:eggs
90:Fish
80:fins
2285:cod
2040:By
1853:Roe
1580:Jaw
1478:and
1120:doi
1062:257
1019:doi
935:doi
417:Fry
397:or
385:of
365:or
300:on
286:Fry
200:Egg
180:or
128:fry
50:Fry
2803::
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1126:.
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1099:53
1097:,
1079:66
1077:,
1060:,
1040:,
1015:17
1013:,
965:^
951:.
943:.
931:86
929:.
925:.
904:^
892:^
851:^
803:^
723:.
705:,
701:,
697:,
693:,
684:.
70:A
2510:e
2503:t
2496:v
1369:e
1362:t
1355:v
1342:.
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