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KDPI insurgency (1989–1996)

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In March 1991, Iranian forces crossed over into Iraq and attacked Iranian opposition forces, including Kurdish forces. Throughout the summer, Iranian Kurdish militants mounted attacks against the Iranian Army, allegedly killing five Iranian surveyors near the Turkish border in August. KDPI guerrillas
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On June 22, 1996, Turkish troops inside Iran murdered seven members of the KDPI in Iran. On July 10, Iranian agents exploded a car-bomb near a housing complex amidst the main concentration of KDPI refugee camps in northern Iraq. On July 28, Rahman Radjabi Hamvand, a member of KDPI, was executed. The
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On September 25, 1994, Turkey and Iran agreed to stop opposition groups from operating in each other's territory. Following this, Iran launched a harsh crackdown on Kurdish population - on October 11, 1994, The Kurdish Democratic Party of Iran announced that four Kurdish villages had been demolished
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Through 1993, Iranian forces shelled Iranian Kurdish opposition forces in Iraq with both artillery and airplanes. Between April and May, 1993 Iranian forces crossed over into Iraq and attacked Kurdish forces. They eventually occupied a "security zone" of over 100 km. On August 9, 1993, Iranian
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The immediate pretext for the renewed insurgency of KDPI was the event of February 1990, when thousands of Kurds demonstrated in seven Iranian towns and more than 500 were subsequently arrested. These protests are said to be due to the execution of 17 Kurdish activists. As a result of the crackdown,
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On August 17, 1994, the KDPI said that it has killed 15 Iranian Revolutionary Guards in a clash in western Iran. Two weeks later, on September 1, 1994, Iran's IRNA news agency said that Kurdish soldiers had blocked a highway in western Iran, set two military vehicles ablaze and wounded one person.
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Following the unilateral cease-fire announcement of 1996, the conflict of KDPI against the Iranian regime shifted to the political opposition. In April 1997, improved relations between Tehran and Ankara led to the deportation from Turkey to northern Iraq over 70 KDPI members. On April 13, Iranian
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In September and October, an Iranian Kurdish opposition group accused Iranian officials of torturing and executing ten Kurdish political prisoners who supported a banned political group, Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan (KDPI). Another 345 people were also arrested at this time for the same
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by suspected Iranian government agents. The most violent episodes took place in 1990 and 1991, when Kurdish soldiers launched massive attacks on Iranian military bases in Kurdish areas of Iran. This brought heavy retaliation from the Iranian government, aiming to eradicate the KDPI leadership by
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Abdul Rahman Ghassmlou, leader of the KDPI, was assassinated by suspected Iranian intelligence agents in Vienna, Austria on July 13, 1989. The assassination sparked an immediate escalation of the Kurdish-Iranian dispute. Government troops and Kurdish rebels clashed near Mahabad in September and
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While most of its military and political activity in Iran was greatly overpowered after the 1979 rebellion, the Kurdish Democratic Party of Iran (KDPI) had continued its opposition activities through 1980s. Nevertheless, the crackdown still continued—'Abd al-Rahman Qassemlou, leader of Kurdish
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In April 1995, a total of six Iranian Kurds were killed in attacks in Iraqi Kurdistan, by Iranian government agents. On June 5, another two members of an Iranian Kurdish group were shot down in Iraqi Kurdistan by Iranian government agents, according to the State Department's yearly report on
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On April 10, 1997, a German court implicated the Iranian government in the deaths of 4 Kurdish dissidents in Germany in 1992. All EU countries, except Greece, recalled temporarily their ambassadors from Iran following the finding of the court, imposing limited diplomatic sanctions on Iran.
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On July 29, 1996, 3,000 Iranian troops entered Kurdish territory in northern Iraq in search of KDPI guerrillas, reportedly killing 20 members of KDPI, while displacing over 2,000 Iranian Kurd refugees. Iranian officials claimed that the attack was justified on the basis of self-defence
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terrorism. On August 4, 1995, The Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan said that Iranian government agents had assassinated its representative in Baghdad. Tehran denied the charges and claimed that the killings had been the result of political infighting among opposition forces.
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On November 15, 1993, Iran blows up a car in Iraqi Kurdistan killing six including 5 KDPI members. This and other incidents make both the UN and Amnesty International accuse the Iranian government of the political assassination of members of its Kurdish opposition.
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In early 1992, protest and fighting broke out in several Kurdish towns in western Iran. In the town of Bowkan 17 were killed or wounded. In March 1992, there were several reports of Iranian Kurds supposedly attacking Iran from across the Iraqi border.
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From April to August 1990, Kurdish militants mounted numerous attacks against government forces. Over 300 Iranian soldiers were killed and over 150 were captured. The Kurdish opposition freed 152 POWs as a humanitarian gesture on July 28, 1990.
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Through 1991, Iran increased the political crackdown, being accused by the KDPI over human rights violation. On 14 January 1991, Iran executed seven Kurds, all members of the KDPI, for "spying, murder and armed activities".
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In September 2014, in a number of clashes, the KDPI engaged Iranian security for the first time in many years, killing at least 6 Iranian soldiers. It was unclear whether this was a result of change of policy by the
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policy of Iran and by 1996 KDPI was no longer able to function militarily and announced a unilateral ceasefire. The conflict claimed hundreds of lives, mostly Iranian government troops and Kurdish militants.
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On September 13, 1992, Iran and Turkey agreed to boost border security and clamp down on each other's Kurdish population. Each state's opposition uses the other state as a base for its operations.
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In May 2015, a suspected Iranian attack (allegedly disguised as PKK fighters) on PJAK force on Iranian–Iraqi Kurdistan border resulted in 6 killed—2 KDPI and 4 PKK (or allegedly Iranian agents).
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On September 17, 1992, two gunmen, believed to be working for the Iranian government, shot at eight KDPI officials in Bonn, Germany. Four KDPI politicians and their driver were killed.
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forces crossed the border into Iraq and attacked Kurdish forces once again. In the autumn, Kurdish soldiers resumed their fighting against the Iranian Revolutionary Guards.
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Military clashes resumed on December 4, 1995, as the Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan killed 15 members of the Iranian security force in clashes in western Iran.
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Pockets of KDPI insurgents continued to engage in low level fighting up until 1983, as the Iranian forces were diverted to the Iraqi front, with the escalation of the
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also set fire to an exhibition of industrial machinery and briefly take policemen hostage in the town of Mahabad in retaliation because of Iranian terrorist attacks.
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by Iran and that authorities had told the residents of five more villages to leave. On November 6–9, Iran bombed several Iranian Kurdish opposition groups in Iraq.
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stated that during the previous 15 years, the Iranian government ordered the killings of over 60 dissidents, including 4 KDPI leaders in Germany in 1992.
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Kurds accused Iranian officials of trying to poison KDPI members, after 85 Iranian Kurds were treated for food poisoning with a highly toxic substance.
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In 1979, a wide scale rebellion erupted, as the Kurdish Democratic Party of Iran and its Kurdish allies resisted the new regime. As the
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In November 1990, Iranian security arrests a Kurdish soldier accused of allegedly killing two revolutionary guards in summer attacks.
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On January 7, 1994, a prominent member of the KDPI is assassinated by gunmen believed to be affiliated with Iranian security forces.
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and other KDPI leaders in 1992 in order to disable the Kurdish party's ability to function. The conflict faded with the effective
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Following the operation, on August 4, 1996, KDPI members announced that they will stop cross border attacks from Iraq into Iran.
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fought to re-establish government control in the Kurdish regions, more than 10,000 Kurds were killed during this process.
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in Iranian Kurdistan was undertaken since 2004 by another Kurdish organization—the Party for the Free Life in Kurdistan (
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University of Arkansas. Political Science department. Iran/Kurds (1943–present). Retrieved 09 September 2012.
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The pressure upon the KDPI eased since the election of the moderate Mohammad Khatami's government in 1997.
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KDPI was forced to leave Qandil Mountains and left to Degalla, Iraqi Kurdistan and Democrat Castle
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In January 2014, Iranian forces killed a KDPI party member, while he was disseminating leaflets.
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charges against him stemmed from a complaint by a private individual that was later withdrawn.
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In June 2015, a PDKI attack on Revolutionary Guard forces reportedly left 6 people killed.
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Democratic Party of Iran, was assassinated in July 1989 by the Iranian government.
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On February 16, 1999, The arrest of PKK leader Abdullah Ocalan leads to
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Reuters, October 3; Foundation for Democracy in Iran, October 20. 1995.
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in Iran, especially in western Iran, as well as throughout Europe.
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October 1989, resulting in the deaths of 172 government soldiers.
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In 2016, the PDKI resumed its military insurgency against Iran.
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January 21, 2014" 408:surged in 1989, lasting until 1996, as part of the 406:insurgency by the Kurdish Democratic Party of Iran 16:Insurgency by the Kurdish Democratic Party of Iran 696:"Database - Uppsala Conflict Data Program (UCDP)" 387:September–October 2022 attacks on Iraqi Kurdistan 2198: 1841:Sistan and Baluchestan insurgency (2004–present) 1424:East Indonesia Mujahideen insurgency (2015–2022) 2016:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict (1979–present) 1807:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict (1979–present) 1223:Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (2004–present) 271: 1077: 654:On August 23, 1996, former president of Iran 257: 1201:India–Pakistan border skirmishes (2016–2018) 1196:India–Pakistan border skirmishes (2014–2015) 1150:Insurgency in Northeast India (1964–present) 69:KDPI announces unilateral cease-fire in 1996 1211:Jammu and Kashmir insurgency (1989–present) 1143:Jammu and Kashmir insurgency (1989–present) 922: 920: 918: 677:List of modern conflicts in the Middle East 1683:Insurgency in Gorno-Badakhshan (2010–2015) 1133:2016–2018 India–Pakistan border skirmishes 1128:2014–2015 India–Pakistan border skirmishes 1084: 1070: 1009: 466:the KDPI renewed its military activities. 264: 250: 1483:Cambodian–Thai border dispute (2008–2011) 1398:Cambodian–Thai border dispute (2008–2011) 1155:Naxalite–Maoist insurgency (1967–present) 1802:Arab separatism in Khuzestan (1922–2020) 1535:Philippine civil conflict (1969–present) 1478:South Thailand insurgency (2004–present) 1218:Insurgency in Balochistan (2004–present) 915: 892: 890: 888: 886: 884: 882: 880: 878: 876: 874: 872: 870: 868: 866: 864: 862: 860: 858: 856: 854: 852: 850: 848: 846: 844: 842: 840: 838: 836: 834: 832: 830: 828: 826: 824: 822: 820: 818: 816: 814: 812: 810: 2199: 1583:Afghanistan–Pakistan border skirmishes 1181:Afghanistan–Pakistan border skirmishes 799:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 1731:Nagorno-Karabakh conflict (1988–2024) 1270:Maldives political crisis (2011–2013) 1191:2013 India–Pakistan border skirmishes 1123:2013 India–Pakistan border skirmishes 1065: 630:Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan 613: 245: 1874:Iraqi Kurdistan conflict (2001–2003) 1662:2010 South Kyrgyzstan ethnic clashes 807: 649: 469: 1962:Conflict in Northern Lebanon (2007) 1795:Western Iran clashes (2016–present) 620:Western Iran clashes (2016–present) 382:2018 Democrat Castle missile strike 13: 1983:Israeli–Palestinian (1948–present) 1952:South Lebanon conflict (1985–2000) 1912:Israeli–Palestinian (1948–present) 1862:Iraqi Kurdish Civil War (1994–1997 1857:Iraqi–Kurdish conflict (1918–2003) 1228:Insurgency in Sindh (2010–present) 740: 14: 2238: 1678:Tajikistani Civil War (1992–1997) 1499:Indonesian occupation (1975–1999) 1312:Xinjiang conflict (1960s–present) 661: 449:Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps 221:Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps 1998:Fatah–Hamas conflict (2006–2008) 1348:1994 North Korean nuclear crisis 1249:Sri Lankan Civil War (1983–2009) 1165:Insurgency in Punjab (1981–1995) 197: 186: 167: 155: 144: 133: 122: 103: 89: 2150:Sinai insurgency (2011–present) 2042:Syrian Civil War (2011–present) 2025:Persian Gulf crisis (2019–2021) 1440:Myanmar conflict (1948–present) 1186:Kashmir conflict (1947–present) 1118:Kashmir conflict (1947–present) 1029: 1003: 978: 1894:ISIL insurgency (2017–present) 1790:Iran–PJAK conflict (2004–2011) 1530:Laotian insurgency (1975–2022) 1525:Cambodian Conflict (1979–1998) 1419:Insurgency in Aceh (1976–2005) 1275:Nepalese Civil War (1996–2006) 952: 940: 931: 762: 714: 688: 443:1979 Kurdish rebellion in Iran 377:2016–present West Iran clashes 362:February 1999 Kurdish protests 1: 1414:Papua conflict (1969–present) 682: 436: 216:Islamic Republic of Iran Army 42:13 July 1989 – 23 August 1996 2116:Yemeni crisis (2011–present) 1884:Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013) 1556:FULRO insurgency (1964–1992) 1254:JVP insurrection (1987–1989) 644: 584: 7: 2207:KDPI insurgency (1989–1996) 2121:Houthi takeover (2014–2015) 1988:Second Intifada (2000–2005) 1934:Syrian arena (2012–present) 1917:Second Intifada (2000–2005) 1834:Syrian arena (2012–present) 1785:KDPI insurgency (1989–1996) 1371:Taiwan Strait Crisis (1996) 1307:Taiwan Strait Crisis (1996) 1160:Religious violence in India 670: 410:Kurdish separatism struggle 10: 2243: 2212:Kurdish rebellions in Iran 2171:Operation Inherent Resolve 1993:Gaza–Israel (2006–present) 1929:Iran–Israel (1985–present) 1922:Gaza–Israel (2006–present) 1819:Iran–Israel (1985–present) 1780:Kurdish separatism in Iran 1010:Piri Medya (25 May 2015). 617: 440: 276:Kurdish separatism in Iran 29:Kurdish separatism in Iran 2158: 2140: 2088: 2057: 2034: 2008: 1975: 1944: 1904: 1849: 1824:South Lebanon (1985–2000) 1772: 1756: 1723: 1716: 1691: 1670: 1644: 1628: 1575: 1568: 1517: 1491: 1470: 1432: 1406: 1390: 1383: 1363: 1343:Maritime border incidents 1325: 1299: 1292: 1262: 1236: 1173: 1110: 1103: 722:"FindArticles.com - 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BBC News 683:References 437:Background 1976:Palestine 1736:First War 1606:1996–2001 1601:1992–1996 1596:1989–1992 1407:Indonesia 1293:East Asia 1237:Sri Lanka 645:Responses 585:Aftermath 322:1945–1979 306:2nd Simko 294:1st Simko 289:1918–1945 2143:conflict 1471:Thailand 1391:Cambodia 1174:Pakistan 1094:Cold War 1041:ARA News 795:cite web 671:See also 49:Location 27:Part of 1945:Lebanon 1757:Bahrain 1433:Myanmar 754:9 March 706:9 March 299:Mahabad 180:† 2058:Turkey 1905:Israel 1518:Others 1364:Taiwan 1328:(North 1326:Korea 1263:Others 176:  94:  61:Result 2089:Yemen 2035:Syria 1300:China 1111:India 1092:Post– 1051:1 May 1021:1 May 970:1 May 780:(PDF) 773:(PDF) 732:1 May 110:KDP-I 1850:Iraq 1773:Iran 1548:Moro 1053:2016 1023:2016 972:2016 801:link 756:2015 734:2016 708:2015 608:PJAK 569:1996 553:1995 537:1994 524:1993 509:1992 496:1991 484:1990 475:1989 404:The 97:Iran 39:Date 1541:NPA 610:). 2203:: 1039:. 1014:. 917:^ 809:^ 797:}} 793:{{ 458:. 1085:e 1078:t 1071:v 1055:. 1025:. 999:. 974:. 911:. 803:) 789:. 758:. 736:. 710:. 265:e 258:t 251:v

Index

Kurdish separatism in Iran
Iranian Kurdistan
Iran
KDP-I
Iran
Ali Khamenei
Iran
Akbar Rafsanjani
Iran
Ali Shahbazi
Iran
Mohsen Rezaee
Sadegh Sharafkandi

Mustafa Hijri
Islamic Republic of Iran Army
Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps
v
t
e
Kurdish separatism in Iran
1st Simko
Mahabad
2nd Simko
Jafar Sultan
Hama Rashid
Republic of Mahabad
1946 crisis
1967 revolt
1979 rebellion

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