133:
102:
474:, but were driven out of there in April. In May 1942, the Iranian army sent a 2000 soldiers and some tanks with allied troops of the Kurdish Tilekuhi tribe. Rashids soldiers were defeated and its tribe was ransacked by the Tilekuhi's. Upon pressure of the British Empire and the Soviets, Tehran stopped its persecution and negotiations regarding Hama Rashid political role began.
521:
As a result of the above-described actions, by 1945 the government of Iran effectively controlled
Kurdish areas south of Saqqiz-Baneh-Sardasht line. However, the government was still not able to establish authority north to it up to the Soviet zone. It was Mahabad, located in those areas, where the
501:
territories of his neighbour Mahmud Khan
Kanisanan - an appointed Iranian governor as well. Mahmud Khan requested assistance from Tehran and was aided by two Iranian columns supported by light tanks, he managed to defeat Hama Rashid's forces. Iranian forces who rushed to rescue Mahmud Khan, managed
470:
regarded as a rebel, Iran was too weak to subdue him. Iran acknowledged his authority and made him a sort of a
Governor of the region. By December he was already threatening to seize Sanandaj and was only convinced to refrain from action by a British threat. In February 1942, Rashid's forces seized
469:
Meanwhile, on 27 September 1941 in central
Kurdistan, Hama Rashid seized Baneh and had set up his own administration. With an aid of a number of followers, he executed his authority in the Baneh-Sardasht region. At the time, despite his involvement in the death of a senior Iranian officer, and is
546:
and perhaps other ethnic groups, especially Iraqi tribes and most notably the Kurds of Iraq. Britain acted to ease ethnic and tribal tensions within Iran and told Tehran to settle
Kurdish demands, reinstate tribal leaders and permit tribal migration as long as it did not breach the peace. It was
402:. Indeed, some eight months later, a Tribal Commission was established in Tehran to investigate Kurdish land complaints. In the meantime, however, the tribes aspired to install a new order, before a significant Allied intervention changes the situation and fills the power vacuum.
506:
During the retreat Rashid had however succeeded to burn some 1,000 houses in Baneh. Shortly after, also Mahmud Khan himself was driven out into Iraq as well by the same
Iranian forces, seeking to get rid of Kurdish semi-autonomous authority in the region.
392:
in
November 1941. It convened local Kurdish tribal leaders, promising cultural freedom in line with the right to bear arms, in return for loyalty to the Iranian government. The tribes had however enjoyed those privileges from the time of the deposition of
344:. The tribal revolt erupted in the general atmosphere of anarchy throughout Iran and its main faction was led by Muhammed Rashid, lasting from 27 September 1941 until May 1942 and then re-erupted in 1944, resulting in Rashid's defeat.
882:
397:
two months earlier, thus rejecting the
Iranian offer. To satisfy themselves, the tribal leaders also demanded assurances to return confiscated lands and employment of tribal leaders and their representatives in
481:. Hama Rashids headquarters was to be in Baneh. About the same time, the Iranian government also recognized another Kurdish leader - Mahmud Kanisenan as a semi-autonomous governor over the
172:
1041:
877:
295:
909:
477:
In early autumn of 1942, Hama Rashid agreed to become a semi-official governor under Tehran authority as a local office, but according to a
British report
165:
1632:
526:
took shape, seeking to establish Azeri and
Kurdish states with Soviet support. Hama Rashid and his forces took an important role in this next chapter of
1588:
413:, a local bazaar was set in fire, also picking up large stockpiles of weapons, left behind by fleeing Iranian soldiery. Further south, the areas of
1678:
1402:
786:
158:
547:
initially assumed that Russians might assist Kurdish independence movement, but their policies quickly demonstrated those hopes were misplaced.
1705:
Prolonged conflicts are listed in the decade when initiated; ongoing conflicts are marked italic, and conflicts with +100,000 killed with bold.
904:
300:
942:
1321:
449:
party. The joint forces raided Azeri villages. In April 1942, a renewed tribal disorder in the area prompted the Iranian government to arm
1606:
795:
561:
1435:
542:
opposed any kind of autonomy or independence for Iranian Kurds, which in their opinion would prompt a similar demand from the Arabs of
358:
Kurdish tribal unrest began in modern Iran, right with the ascendance of the Pahlavi dynasty, erupting into bloody violence with the
1193:
1351:
285:
1425:
1013:
1614:
821:
612:
1239:
1747:
1645:
1368:
860:
779:
290:
202:
1309:
1519:
889:
758:
686:
1619:
1255:
1162:
1003:
522:
most important Kurdish political developments were to be initiated shortly after the uprising of Hama Rashid. The
1575:
265:
1536:
772:
729:
270:
260:
1391:
1142:
1415:
1056:
848:
556:
366:
341:
1278:
1234:
1490:
1396:
1210:
952:
207:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1625:
1205:
993:
871:
855:
493:
According to McDowall, in 1944, the relationship between Hama Rashid and Iranian authorities was broken.
248:
1727:
1530:
1495:
1331:
1326:
1304:
1199:
1079:
1051:
998:
353:
214:
183:
30:
1478:
1099:
1093:
1549:
1137:
894:
865:
527:
479:
Neither side would hesitate to abandon this relationship if it could find something more attractive
1473:
1468:
1046:
916:
421:
fell into disorder and by the end of the year raids by armed Kurdish tribesmen reached as far as
318:
1722:
1570:
1554:
1420:
516:
275:
764:
1410:
1223:
962:
826:
137:
1671:
1485:
1458:
1363:
1341:
1299:
983:
8:
1665:
1525:
1430:
1358:
1177:
1167:
1085:
1073:
1063:
957:
673:
523:
434:
359:
241:
236:
219:
497:
puts the beginning of the second phase to summer of 1942. In any case, Rashid attacked
1463:
1346:
1315:
1261:
1229:
1172:
1008:
899:
543:
1385:
932:
838:
809:
725:
682:
608:
389:
1598:
1581:
1542:
1217:
1152:
1147:
1119:
1018:
978:
337:
325:
1294:
1271:
988:
947:
701:
503:
442:
388:
was desperate to prevent Kurdish secession, sending a government commission into
333:
106:
1685:
1266:
1249:
1244:
1114:
1068:
539:
453:
peasants, but on the other hand, removed gendarmerie forces from lands between
362:
in 1920, and continuing with further Kurdish tribal revolts in 1926 and 1931.
1716:
1638:
1336:
494:
381:, requesting to include their areas in the "British zone", but were refused.
374:
280:
150:
1035:
937:
34:
675:
Vision Or Reality?: The Kurds in the Policy of the Great Powers, 1941-1947
1699:
1157:
1109:
1104:
833:
815:
406:
377:, in order to obtain protection. The delegation of chieftains arrived in
450:
418:
438:
394:
1512:
1452:
414:
112:
498:
482:
458:
378:
1702:
and later conflicts (after 1914) of at least 100 fatalities each
794:
471:
426:
422:
399:
385:
843:
430:
410:
370:
92:
755:
Kurds and the State in Iran: The Making of Kurdish Identity
454:
60:
605:
The Kurdish National Movement: Its Origins and Development
369:, the British were approached by the tribal leader of
437:
in Urmiyeh turned strained, with Kurds and Christian
1480:Islamic insurgency in Saudi Arabia (2000–present)
296:September–October 2022 attacks on Iraqi Kurdistan
1714:
365:With the general instability in Iran during the
1633:Islamic State insurgency in Iraq (2017–present)
702:https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/tr/pdf/ADA097264.pdf
180:
943:Intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine
780:
681:. Sweden: Lund University Press. p. 78.
166:
660:A Modern History of the Kurds: Third Edition
796:List of modern conflicts in the Middle East
562:List of modern conflicts in the Middle East
16:Kurdish tribal uprising in Iran (1941-1944)
787:
773:
607:. Syracuse University Press. p. 245.
173:
159:
1679:Israel–Hezbollah conflict (2023–present)
719:
488:
48:27 September 1941-May 1942 (first phase)
1352:Consolidation of the Iranian Revolution
602:
464:
1715:
671:
768:
598:
596:
425:. In January 1942, relations between
154:
715:
713:
711:
709:
654:
652:
650:
648:
646:
644:
594:
592:
590:
588:
586:
584:
582:
580:
578:
576:
533:
373:Hama Rashid and by a Mahabad leader
322:
642:
640:
638:
636:
634:
632:
630:
628:
626:
624:
329:
291:2018 Democrat Castle missile strike
13:
1589:Insurgency in Egypt (2013–present)
1014:1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine
14:
1759:
1426:1987 Sharjawi coup d'état attempt
706:
573:
1464:Terror campaign in Egypt (1990s)
744:Jwaideh, Wadie (2006)pp. 245–246
621:
131:
100:
1646:Yemeni civil war (2014–present)
1615:Syrian War spillover in Lebanon
1369:1979–1980 Shia uprising in Iraq
603:Jwaideh, Wadie (19 June 2006).
50:Summer 1942-1944 (second phase)
747:
738:
695:
672:Yassin, Borhanedin A. (1995).
665:
405:Just prior to the entrance of
286:2016–present West Iran clashes
271:February 1999 Kurdish protests
1:
1416:1986 Egyptian conscripts riot
1057:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran
724:. Straube. pp. 135–136.
722:Die Kurden Das betrogene Volk
567:
557:Timeline of Kurdish uprisings
367:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran
347:
342:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran
1620:Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013)
1607:Turkish involvement in Syria
1491:al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen
1322:Political violence in Turkey
1256:Israeli–Palestinian conflict
1163:Yemeni–Adenese clan violence
1042:Italian bombing of Palestine
1004:1935–1936 Iraqi Shia revolts
953:Arab separatism in Khuzestan
510:
76:Hama Rashid driven into Iraq
7:
872:Turkish War of Independence
856:Unification of Saudi Arabia
550:
332:) was a tribal uprising in
10:
1764:
1748:Kurdish rebellions in Iran
1537:Iran–Israel proxy conflict
1531:Houthi insurgency in Yemen
1520:Balochi insurgency in Iran
1496:1999 Shia uprising in Iraq
1332:1977 Shia uprising in Iraq
1327:Islamist uprising in Syria
1305:Turkish invasion of Cyprus
1194:Cyprus crisis of 1963–1964
1080:Kurdish separatism in Iran
999:Goharshad Mosque rebellion
514:
502:to drive Hama Rashid into
354:Kurdish separatism in Iran
351:
185:Kurdish separatism in Iran
31:Kurdish separatism in Iran
1695:
1658:
1563:
1504:
1444:
1377:
1295:Black September in Jordan
1287:
1186:
1130:
1027:
971:
925:
802:
720:Deschner, Günter (1989).
194:
120:
86:
59:Baneh-Sardasht region of
40:
28:
23:
1397:Kurdish–Turkish conflict
1392:1980 Turkish coup d'état
1211:Second Iraqi–Kurdish War
1143:1953 Iranian coup d'état
1138:1952 Egyptian revolution
866:1919 Egyptian revolution
849:Mount Lebanon starvation
1626:War in Iraq (2013–2017)
1474:Iraqi Kurdish Civil War
1469:Yemeni Civil War (1994)
1279:1966 Syrian coup d'état
1206:First Iraqi–Kurdish War
1047:Allied invasion of Iraq
994:Saudi–Yemeni War (1934)
917:Mahmud Barzanji revolts
1571:2011 Bahraini uprising
1555:South Yemen insurgency
1436:Abu Nidal's executions
1421:1986 Damascus bombings
1200:Iraqi–Kurdish conflict
1052:Syria–Lebanon campaign
822:Middle Eastern theatre
517:Iranian crisis of 1946
121:Commanders and leaders
1411:South Yemen civil war
1310:Shatt al-Arab clashes
1235:Mar. 1963 Syrian coup
1224:North Yemen civil war
1173:1958 Iraqi revolution
1100:1948 Arab–Israeli War
1094:Arab–Israeli conflict
963:Sheikh Said rebellion
827:Battle of Robat Karim
515:Further information:
489:Second conflict phase
352:Further information:
138:Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
1550:Fatah–Hamas conflict
1486:Operation Desert Fox
1459:1991 Iraqi uprisings
1453:Gulf War (1990–1991)
1364:Grand Mosque seizure
1342:Yemenite War of 1979
1300:Yemenite War of 1972
1240:Nov. 1963 Iraqi coup
1230:Feb. 1963 Iraqi coup
984:Ahmed Barzani revolt
895:Turkish–Armenian War
465:First conflict phase
461:to satisfy demands.
1698:This list includes
1666:2021 Beirut clashes
1526:2004 Qamishli riots
1403:Turkey–PKK conflict
1359:1979 Qatif Uprising
1178:1959 Mosul uprising
1168:1958 Lebanon crisis
1115:1973 Yom Kippur War
1086:Iran crisis of 1946
1074:Al-Wathbah uprising
1064:1943 Barzani revolt
958:Great Syrian Revolt
938:Iraqi Revolt (1920)
861:Simko Shikak revolt
524:Iran crisis of 1946
435:Assyrian Christians
360:Simko Shikak revolt
237:Republic of Mahabad
1743:Rebellions in Iran
1738:Kurdish rebellions
1733:Separatism in Iran
1347:Iranian Revolution
1316:Lebanese Civil War
1262:1948 Palestine war
1009:1935 Yazidi revolt
900:Franco-Turkish War
315:Hama Rashid revolt
24:Hama Rashid revolt
1728:Conflicts in 1941
1710:
1709:
933:Franco-Syrian War
890:Greco-Turkish War
878:Anglo-Turkish War
844:Assyrian genocide
839:Armenian genocide
810:Italo-Turkish War
614:978-0-8156-3093-7
534:Foreign reactions
310:
309:
301:2024 Erbil attack
276:PJAK insurrection
149:
148:
82:
81:
72:Iranian victory:
1755:
1672:Israel–Hamas war
1599:Syrian civil war
1582:Sinai insurgency
1543:2006 Lebanon War
1218:Dhofar Rebellion
1153:Cyprus Emergency
1148:Jebel Akhdar War
1120:1982 Lebanon War
1110:1967 Six-Day War
1019:Dersim rebellion
979:Ararat rebellion
883:Al-Jazeera Front
789:
782:
775:
766:
765:
760:
751:
745:
742:
736:
735:
717:
704:
699:
693:
692:
680:
669:
663:
656:
619:
618:
600:
445:forming a joint
340:, following the
338:Second World War
331:
324:
323:شۆڕشی حەمە ڕەشید
189:
188:
186:
175:
168:
161:
152:
151:
143:Mahmud Kanisanan
136:
135:
134:
105:
104:
103:
42:
41:
21:
20:
1763:
1762:
1758:
1757:
1756:
1754:
1753:
1752:
1713:
1712:
1711:
1706:
1704:
1691:
1654:
1576:Egyptian Crisis
1559:
1500:
1440:
1373:
1283:
1272:Second Intifada
1182:
1126:
1023:
989:Simele massacre
967:
948:Adwan Rebellion
921:
798:
793:
763:
752:
748:
743:
739:
732:
718:
707:
700:
696:
689:
678:
670:
666:
662::p.232-4. 2004.
657:
622:
615:
601:
574:
570:
553:
536:
519:
513:
491:
467:
356:
350:
311:
306:
305:
266:KDPI insurgency
190:
184:
182:
181:
179:
132:
130:
101:
99:
63:
49:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1761:
1751:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1708:
1707:
1696:
1693:
1692:
1690:
1689:
1686:Red Sea crisis
1682:
1675:
1668:
1662:
1660:
1656:
1655:
1653:
1652:
1651:
1650:
1636:
1629:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1611:
1610:
1594:
1593:
1592:
1585:
1573:
1567:
1565:
1561:
1560:
1558:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1546:
1545:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1516:
1508:
1506:
1502:
1501:
1499:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1448:
1446:
1442:
1441:
1439:
1438:
1433:
1431:Mecca massacre
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1407:
1406:
1394:
1389:
1381:
1379:
1375:
1374:
1372:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1355:
1354:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1291:
1289:
1285:
1284:
1282:
1281:
1276:
1275:
1274:
1269:
1267:First Intifada
1264:
1252:
1250:1964 Hama riot
1247:
1245:Aden Emergency
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1220:
1215:
1214:
1213:
1208:
1196:
1190:
1188:
1184:
1183:
1181:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1134:
1132:
1128:
1127:
1125:
1124:
1123:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1090:
1089:
1088:
1076:
1071:
1069:Al-Waziri coup
1066:
1061:
1060:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1031:
1029:
1025:
1024:
1022:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
981:
975:
973:
969:
968:
966:
965:
960:
955:
950:
945:
940:
935:
929:
927:
923:
922:
920:
919:
914:
913:
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
886:
885:
868:
863:
858:
853:
852:
851:
846:
841:
836:
831:
830:
829:
812:
806:
804:
800:
799:
792:
791:
784:
777:
769:
762:
761:
746:
737:
730:
705:
694:
687:
664:
620:
613:
571:
569:
566:
565:
564:
559:
552:
549:
540:United Kingdom
535:
532:
512:
509:
504:Iraqi Kingdom.
490:
487:
466:
463:
349:
346:
319:Sorani Kurdish
308:
307:
304:
303:
298:
293:
288:
283:
278:
273:
268:
263:
261:1979 rebellion
252:
251:
246:
245:
244:
228:
227:
222:
217:
212:
211:
210:
196:
195:
192:
191:
178:
177:
170:
163:
155:
147:
146:
145:
144:
127:
123:
122:
118:
117:
116:
115:
96:
89:
88:
84:
83:
80:
79:
78:
77:
69:
65:
64:
58:
56:
52:
51:
46:
38:
37:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1760:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1723:1940s in Iran
1721:
1720:
1718:
1703:
1701:
1694:
1688:
1687:
1683:
1681:
1680:
1676:
1674:
1673:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1663:
1661:
1657:
1649:
1648:
1647:
1642:
1641:
1640:
1639:Yemeni crisis
1637:
1635:
1634:
1630:
1628:
1627:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1609:
1608:
1604:
1603:
1602:
1601:
1600:
1595:
1591:
1590:
1586:
1584:
1583:
1579:
1578:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1568:
1566:
1562:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1544:
1541:
1540:
1539:
1538:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1521:
1517:
1515:
1514:
1510:
1509:
1507:
1503:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1481:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1454:
1450:
1449:
1447:
1443:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1405:
1404:
1400:
1399:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1387:
1386:Iran–Iraq War
1383:
1382:
1380:
1376:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1353:
1350:
1349:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1337:NDF Rebellion
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1317:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1292:
1290:
1286:
1280:
1277:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1258:
1257:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1225:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1203:
1202:
1201:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1191:
1189:
1185:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1135:
1133:
1129:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1097:
1096:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1082:
1081:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1039:
1038:
1037:
1033:
1032:
1030:
1026:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
976:
974:
970:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
930:
928:
924:
918:
915:
911:
910:United States
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
884:
881:
880:
879:
876:
875:
874:
873:
869:
867:
864:
862:
859:
857:
854:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
828:
825:
824:
823:
820:
819:
818:
817:
813:
811:
808:
807:
805:
801:
797:
790:
785:
783:
778:
776:
771:
770:
767:
759:
756:
750:
741:
733:
727:
723:
716:
714:
712:
710:
703:
698:
690:
688:9780862383893
684:
677:
676:
668:
661:
658:McDowall, D.
655:
653:
651:
649:
647:
645:
643:
641:
639:
637:
635:
633:
631:
629:
627:
625:
616:
610:
606:
599:
597:
595:
593:
591:
589:
587:
585:
583:
581:
579:
577:
572:
563:
560:
558:
555:
554:
548:
545:
541:
531:
529:
525:
518:
508:
505:
500:
496:
486:
484:
480:
475:
473:
462:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
407:Soviet troops
403:
401:
396:
391:
387:
384:At the time,
382:
380:
376:
375:Qazi Muhammad
372:
368:
363:
361:
355:
345:
343:
339:
336:, during the
335:
330:شورش حمه رشید
327:
320:
316:
302:
299:
297:
294:
292:
289:
287:
284:
282:
281:Mahabad riots
279:
277:
274:
272:
269:
267:
264:
262:
259:
258:
257:
256:
250:
247:
243:
240:
239:
238:
235:
234:
233:
232:
226:
223:
221:
218:
216:
213:
209:
206:
205:
204:
201:
200:
199:
193:
187:
176:
171:
169:
164:
162:
157:
156:
153:
142:
141:
140:
139:
128:
125:
124:
119:
114:
111:
110:
109:
108:
97:
94:
91:
90:
85:
75:
74:
73:
70:
67:
66:
62:
57:
54:
53:
47:
44:
43:
39:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
1697:
1684:
1677:
1670:
1644:
1643:
1631:
1624:
1605:
1597:
1596:
1587:
1580:
1535:
1518:
1511:
1479:
1451:
1401:
1384:
1314:
1254:
1222:
1198:
1092:
1078:
1036:World War II
1034:
870:
814:
754:
749:
740:
721:
697:
674:
667:
659:
604:
537:
520:
492:
478:
476:
468:
446:
404:
383:
364:
357:
334:Pahlavi Iran
314:
312:
255:1979–present
254:
253:
230:
229:
224:
220:Jafar Sultan
197:
129:
98:
87:Belligerents
71:
35:World War II
29:Part of the
18:
1700:World War I
1158:Suez Crisis
1105:Suez Crisis
834:Arab Revolt
816:World War I
249:1967 revolt
242:1946 crisis
225:Hama Rashid
126:Hama Rashid
1717:Categories
731:3927491020
568:References
447:Liberation
419:Kermanshah
348:Background
753:Vali, A.
544:Khuzestan
511:Aftermath
443:Assyrians
439:Armenians
395:Reza Shah
390:Kurdistan
231:1945–1979
215:2nd Simko
203:1st Simko
198:1918–1945
95:tribesmen
1513:Iraq War
757:: p.80.
551:See also
528:violence
485:region.
415:Sanandaj
113:Pahlavis
55:Location
905:Revolts
499:Mariwan
495:Jwaideh
483:Mariwan
459:Mahabad
411:Urmiyeh
379:Baghdad
326:Persian
208:Mahabad
93:Kurdish
728:
685:
611:
472:Saqqiz
433:, and
427:Azeris
423:Tabriz
400:Tehran
386:Tehran
68:Result
1659:2020s
1564:2010s
1505:2000s
1445:1990s
1378:1980s
1288:1970s
1187:1960s
1131:1950s
1028:1940s
972:1930s
926:1920s
803:1910s
679:(PDF)
431:Kurds
409:into
371:Baneh
726:ISBN
683:ISBN
609:ISBN
538:The
457:and
455:Khoy
451:Shia
441:and
417:and
313:The
107:Iran
61:Iran
45:Date
1719::
708:^
623:^
575:^
530:.
429:,
328::
321::
33:,
788:e
781:t
774:v
734:.
691:.
617:.
317:(
174:e
167:t
160:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.