61:
Kalašma was located somewhere in northwestern
Anatolia. Though its precise location is uncertain, its location relative to other places can be deduced from geographical references in contemporary documents. For instance, it is known to have been south of Arawanna and west of
147:
by
Hittite general Nuwanzas. Muršili replaced the elders with a single administrator named Aparru, who rebelled, seized royal power, and invaded neighbouring Sappa. Aparru was soon defeated but Kalašma was in
746:
694:
Gerçek, N. İlgi; d’Alfonso, Lorenzo (28 April 2022). "tapariya- and tapariyalli-: Local
Leaders and Local Agency in the Hittite Period and Its Aftermath".
211:
529:
Uralte Götter und
Unterweltsgötter; Religionsgeschichtliche Betrachtungen zur „Sonnengöttin der Erde“ und den „Uralten Göttern“ bei den Hethitern
407:
155:
Kalašmans were later to be found further east, at
Pahhuwa on the upper Euphrates, possibly having been deported there by Muršili, or as
459:
81:
took the placename "Kalašmitta" to be a variant of "Kalašma", but current research suggests that they were in fact separate places.
123:(ruled 1380s BCE) installed oathbound military commanders in regions including Kalašma. Civil administration was by a council of
823:
603:
572:
501:
441:
330:
696:"A community of peoples": studies on society and politics in the Bible and Ancient Near East in honor of Daniel E. Fleming
316:. Occasional Publications. Vol. 5. London: British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara – via Internet Archive.
711:
436:. Writings from the Ancient World. Vol. 31. Atlanta (Ga.): Society of Biblical Literature. p. 368 n. 264.
367:
124:
249:
818:
564:
The Making of Empire in Bronze Age
Anatolia: Hittite Sovereign Practice, Resistance, and Negotiation
114:
813:
203:
17:
491:
673:
649:
591:
354:
769:
562:
276:
828:
325:. Handbook of Oriental Studies, Section 1: The Near and Middle East. Vol. 121. Brill.
216:
164:
8:
277:"Deportati e mercenari dall'Anatolia occidentale all'alto Eufrate sotto l'impero hittita"
199:
171:
139:
subdued the rebel regions. There were several revolts in the reign of
Suppiluliuma's son
78:
195:
191:
789:
493:
Muwatalli's prayer to the assembly of gods through the storm-god of lightning (CTH 381)
310:
296:
781:
707:
599:
568:
497:
468:
437:
326:
288:
261:
156:
46:
699:
631:
626:
614:
253:
222:
160:
63:
240:
136:
50:
703:
110:
807:
785:
472:
292:
175:
144:
140:
527:
476:
128:
257:
179:
120:
106:
94:
793:
300:
747:"Rediscovered Luwian Hieroglyphic Inscriptions from Western Asia Minor"
98:
42:
526:
Lorenz-Link, Ulrike (2009). "1.3.1: Feste der althethitischen Zeit".
267:
149:
102:
77:
may have been located in Kalašma. When
Hittite was first deciphered,
615:"Demographic processes in the western part of the Armenian Highland"
467:(in Italian) (18). Rome: Edizioni dell'Ateneo & Bizzarri: 208.
132:
113:, the Hittite capital, he had to perform expiatory rituals to the
226:
152:
until pacified the next year by
Hutupiyanza, governor of Pala.
105:(died c. 1560 BCE). Hantili failed to reinstate Kalašma's local
66:. Current research suggests that it was located near modern day
101:, the eponymous city having been fortified by the Hittite king
131:, troops from Kalašma and elsewhere rebelled and fled through
402:
400:
398:
225:
oath taken by officials from Kalašma represented a different
207:
592:"6A. Treaty between Suppiluliuma I of Hatti and Shattiwaza"
434:
Royal
Hittite Instructions and Related Administrative Texts
67:
395:
229:
of Hittite from the oath of other regions' officials.
321:
Weeden, Mark; Ullmann, Lee Z., eds. (20 May 2022) .
458:
309:
744:
535:(Dr. phil.) (in German). Mainz. pp. 103–104.
432:Miller, Jared L. (2013). Giorgieri, Mauro (ed.).
159:. Kalašmans fought alongside the Hittites at the
805:
567:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 168–169.
544:
542:
693:
496:. Atlanta: Scholars Press. p. 176 n. 395.
353:Weeden and Ullmann 2022 p. 232; Garstang 1960
307:
668:
666:
619:Bulletin of the Institute of Oriental Studies
539:
460:"L'Anatolia nordoccidentale nell'impero eteo"
320:
135:to an unnamed enemy country; Tudhaliya's son
745:Zangger, Eberhard; Woudhuizen, Fred (2017).
556:
554:
170:Kalašma is one of the places mentioned in a
767:
525:
27:Late Bronze Age polity in northern Anatolia
663:
642:
630:
551:
456:
274:
242:La frontiera orientale dell'impero ittita
238:
598:. Scholars Press. 1999. pp. 42–43.
408:"New Indo-European Language Discovered"
365:
14:
806:
612:
489:
431:
560:
308:Garstang, John; Gurney, O.C. (1960).
770:"Die Würdenträgereide des Arnuwanda"
392:Weeden and Ullmann 2022 pp. 234, 261
178:(ended c. 1210 BCE) as conquered by
698:. Leiden: Brill. pp. 100–122.
561:Glatz, Claudia (12 November 2020).
312:The geography of the Hittite Empire
198:excavated at Ḫattuša. It is in the
192:the language of the land of Kalašma
24:
143:(ended 1295 BCE). One triggered a
127:. In the reign of Arnuwanda's son
25:
840:
761:
738:
729:
720:
687:
678:
654:
581:
465:Studi Micenei ed Egeo-Anatolici
366:Kryszeń, Adam (28 April 2023).
323:Hittite Landscape and Geography
726:Weeden and Ullmann 2022 p. 233
632:10.52837/27382702-2021-34.2-01
613:Kosyan, Aram (December 2021).
548:Weeden and Ullmann 2022 p. 256
519:
510:
483:
450:
425:
386:
359:
347:
13:
1:
824:States in Bronze Age Anatolia
660:Carnevale 2018 p. 342 n. 1361
340:
190:In 2023 a tablet written in "
56:
7:
768:von Schuler, Einar (1956).
457:Forlanini, Massimo (1977).
275:Forlanini, Massimo (2010).
250:Sapienza University of Rome
239:Carnevale, Antonio (2018).
185:
10:
845:
735:Forlanini 2010 pp. 161–162
248:(Doctorate) (in Italian).
232:
84:
704:10.1163/9789004511538_008
174:tablet from the reign of
596:Hittite diplomatic texts
374:. University of Würzburg
372:Hittite Toponyms (HiTop)
194:" was discovered in the
115:Sun goddess of the Earth
490:Singer, Itamar (1996).
204:Indo-European languages
412:University of Würzburg
109:, and on returning to
684:Carnevale 2018 p. 131
516:Forlanini 2010 p. 158
49:on the border of the
210:sub-branch. In 1958
89:Forlanini says that
172:Luwian hieroglyphic
157:mercenary soldiers
605:978-0-7885-0551-5
574:978-1-108-86552-4
503:978-0-7885-0281-1
443:978-1-58983-657-0
332:978-90-04-34939-1
221:had noted that a
212:Einar von Schuler
47:Northern Anatolia
16:(Redirected from
836:
819:Black Sea Region
798:
797:
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727:
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223:Hittite-language
220:
196:Bogazköy Archive
161:Battle of Kadesh
21:
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843:
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206:, probably the
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165:Egyptian Empire
87:
59:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
842:
832:
831:
826:
821:
816:
814:Hittite Empire
800:
799:
780:(3): 237–240.
760:
737:
728:
719:
712:
686:
677:
672:Garstang 1960
662:
653:
648:Garstang 1960
641:
638:
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604:
587:
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385:
358:
345:
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342:
339:
338:
337:
331:
318:
305:
287:(2): 152–163.
283:(in Italian).
272:
234:
231:
202:branch of the
187:
184:
167:in 1274 BCE.
137:Suppiluliuma I
86:
83:
79:Bedřich Hrozný
73:A city called
58:
55:
51:Hittite Empire
37:(occasionally
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
841:
830:
827:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
811:
809:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
776:(in German).
775:
771:
764:
757:: 21, 27, 39.
756:
752:
748:
741:
732:
723:
715:
713:9789004511538
709:
705:
701:
697:
690:
681:
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258:11573/1147202
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183:
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176:Arnuwanda III
173:
168:
166:
162:
158:
153:
151:
146:
145:punitive raid
142:
138:
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41:) was a late
40:
36:
32:
19:
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773:
763:
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695:
689:
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656:
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625:(2): 11–12.
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512:
492:
485:
477:academia.edu
475:– via
464:
452:
433:
427:
416:. Retrieved
414:. 2023-09-21
411:
388:
376:. Retrieved
371:
361:
349:
322:
311:
284:
280:
241:
189:
169:
163:against the
154:
129:Tudhaliya II
119:
90:
88:
74:
72:
60:
38:
34:
30:
29:
829:City-states
378:2 September
215: [
121:Arnuwanda I
107:weather god
95:tribal name
808:Categories
774:Orientalia
418:2023-09-26
341:References
281:Orientalia
141:Muršili II
99:city-state
93:was not a
75:Harranassi
45:polity in
43:Bronze Age
786:0030-5367
473:1126-6651
368:"Kalašma"
293:0030-5367
268:188823629
200:Anatolian
150:civil war
103:Hantili I
57:Geography
794:43581508
301:43077905
186:Language
751:Talanta
233:Sources
227:dialect
111:Ḫattuša
91:Kalašma
85:History
39:Kalašpa
35:Kalasma
31:Kalašma
18:Kalasma
792:
784:
710:
602:
571:
500:
471:
440:
329:
299:
291:
265:
180:Mukšuš
125:elders
97:but a
790:JSTOR
674:p. 45
650:p. 46
533:(PDF)
355:p. 41
297:JSTOR
246:(PDF)
219:]
208:Luwic
133:Išuwa
782:ISSN
708:ISBN
600:ISBN
569:ISBN
498:ISBN
469:ISSN
438:ISBN
380:2023
327:ISBN
289:ISSN
262:CORE
68:Bolu
64:Pala
700:doi
627:doi
254:hdl
33:or
810::
788:.
778:25
772:.
755:50
753:.
749:.
706:.
665:^
621:.
617:.
594:.
553:^
541:^
463:.
410:.
397:^
370:.
295:.
285:79
279:.
260:.
252:.
217:de
182:.
117:.
70:.
53:.
796:.
716:.
702::
635:.
629::
623:1
608:.
577:.
506:.
479:.
446:.
421:.
382:.
335:.
303:.
270:.
256::
20:)
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