39:
1121:
654:
Garstang, John, and Gurney, Oliver Robert. The
Geography of the Hittite Empire, p.30. United Kingdom, British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara, 1959.
704:
The Palaic peoples were very quickly overwhelmed by the invasions of the Kaskas, a non-IE people from the East, who swept them away and for centuries kept attacking the
Hittite kingdom
162:
137:
746:
311:
where the cult of Palaic deities continued even when contacts between
Hittites and Pala had disappeared. The following deities are known:
287:. At the end of the Old Hittite period, contact between the Hittites and Pala ceased because of the capture of the Black Sea region by the
739:
1151:
663:
Bryce, Trevor. The
Trojans & Their Neighbours, p. 140. United Kingdom, Taylor & Francis, 2006.
732:
755:
636:
The Indo-European
Language Family: A Phylogenetic Perspective, p. 7. N.p., Cambridge University Press, 2022.
38:
1055:
697:
1075:
231:
to the west and
Kaissiya to Mount Asharpaya toward the south. The country named *Bla leading to Blaene in
769:
1156:
1146:
295:(1330–1295 BCE). It is likely that the Palaic peoples disappeared after the Kaskian invasion.
1070:
291:
people, though the area was still referred to as 'the land of Pala" as late as the reign of
409:
8:
1100:
991:
248:
303:
The Palaic mythology is known from cuneiform ritual texts from the temple of the Palaic
1105:
1050:
693:
405:
329:
204:
672:
Essays on
Anatolian Archaeology, p. 14. Germany, Harrassowitz, 1993.
353:
333:
232:
216:
70:
961:
891:
683:
450:
370:
260:
208:
60:
645:
Hittite
Landscape and Geography, p.234. Netherlands, Brill, 2022.
433:
1060:
857:
724:
308:
1140:
1125:
1023:
292:
359:
284:
1095:
1007:
842:
799:
363:
276:
244:
155:
999:
946:
886:
881:
817:
784:
255:
located within, though it has been alternately located near modern-day
211:
and its native religion. Their language shared common innovations with
200:
80:
827:
1080:
689:
384:
304:
240:
192:
1065:
906:
832:
809:
804:
794:
474:
288:
280:
142:
1090:
1085:
1029:
1011:
956:
951:
920:
896:
877:
852:
847:
837:
821:
789:
341:
228:
1019:
1034:
1015:
1003:
986:
966:
936:
911:
779:
774:
252:
212:
180:
995:
981:
976:
971:
941:
901:
867:
862:
813:
391:
256:
915:
264:
227:
Pala is said to have been bordered by
Tummana to the east,
279:
period Pala was mentioned as an administrative area under
263:
believed it was situated 600 km to the east of ancient
239:. The country of Pala may have been located along the
219:
suggesting a prior Luwian-Palaic linguistic complex.
43:
The location of Pala in
Northern Bronze Age Anatolia
1138:
754:
740:
682:Ramat, Anna Giacalone; Ramat, Paolo (2015).
207:. Little is known of Pala except its native
747:
733:
681:
37:
717:Religions of Second Millennium Anatolia
619:
617:
615:
613:
611:
609:
1139:
709:
728:
243:coast, either in the region known as
606:
381:Kataḫziwuri, name of Hattian origin
13:
14:
1168:
625:Völker und Sprachen Altanatoliens
443:Ḫašammili, name of Hattian origin
251:or the much smaller territory of
1119:
160:
135:
16:Country from Bronze Age Anatolia
675:
666:
657:
648:
639:
630:
1:
1152:States in Bronze Age Anatolia
600:
32:Unknown–at the latest 1178 BC
756:Ancient kingdoms of Anatolia
298:
7:
719:. Wiesbaden 2009, p. 58-59.
685:The Indo-European Languages
627:. Wiesbaden 2008, p. 60-61.
349:Palaic major god, storm god
222:
10:
1173:
270:
1114:
1043:
929:
762:
176:
114:
110:
100:
90:
86:
76:
66:
56:
48:
36:
31:
21:
307:in the Hittite capital
102:• Disestablished
106:at the latest 1178 BC
57:Common languages
283:jurisdiction in the
249:classical antiquity
215:not present in the
92:• Established
1134:
1133:
1126:Turkey portal
598:
597:
406:Sun god of Heaven
352:Zaparwa, name of
326:Alternative Names
205:Northern Anatolia
186:
185:
172:
171:
168:
167:
148:
147:
1164:
1124:
1123:
1122:
749:
742:
735:
726:
725:
720:
713:
707:
706:
679:
673:
670:
664:
661:
655:
652:
646:
643:
637:
634:
628:
621:
314:
313:
233:cuneiform script
217:Hittite language
164:
163:
152:
151:
139:
138:
132:
131:
116:
115:
41:
19:
18:
1172:
1171:
1167:
1166:
1165:
1163:
1162:
1161:
1137:
1136:
1135:
1130:
1120:
1118:
1110:
1039:
925:
758:
753:
723:
715:Piotr Taracha:
714:
710:
700:
692:. p. 172.
680:
676:
671:
667:
662:
658:
653:
649:
644:
640:
635:
631:
622:
607:
603:
428:Daraweš Gulšeš
378:wife of Zaparwa
301:
273:
235:was written as
225:
209:Palaic language
161:
136:
103:
93:
71:Palaic religion
44:
27:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1170:
1160:
1159:
1157:Hittite Empire
1154:
1149:
1147:Palaic peoples
1132:
1131:
1129:
1128:
1115:
1112:
1111:
1109:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1047:
1045:
1041:
1040:
1038:
1037:
1032:
1027:
989:
984:
979:
974:
969:
964:
959:
954:
949:
944:
939:
933:
931:
927:
926:
924:
923:
918:
909:
904:
899:
894:
889:
884:
875:
870:
865:
860:
855:
850:
845:
840:
835:
830:
825:
810:Hurrian States
807:
805:Hittite Empire
802:
797:
792:
787:
782:
777:
772:
766:
764:
760:
759:
752:
751:
744:
737:
729:
722:
721:
708:
698:
674:
665:
656:
647:
638:
629:
623:Maciej Popko:
604:
602:
599:
596:
595:
592:
590:
588:
585:
581:
580:
578:
576:
574:
571:
567:
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561:
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551:
548:
546:
544:
541:
537:
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512:
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472:
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463:
462:
460:
458:
456:
453:
447:
446:
444:
441:
439:
436:
430:
429:
426:
423:
422:fate goddesses
420:
417:
413:
412:
403:
400:
397:
394:
388:
387:
382:
379:
376:
373:
367:
366:
357:
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337:
327:
324:
321:
318:
300:
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272:
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224:
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184:
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178:
174:
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170:
169:
166:
165:
158:
149:
146:
145:
140:
128:
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112:
111:
108:
107:
104:
101:
98:
97:
94:
91:
88:
87:
84:
83:
78:
77:Historical era
74:
73:
68:
64:
63:
58:
54:
53:
50:
46:
45:
42:
34:
33:
29:
28:
25:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1169:
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1144:
1142:
1127:
1117:
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1113:
1107:
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1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1061:Armenia Minor
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1048:
1046:
1044:Classical Age
1042:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
990:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
963:
960:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
934:
932:
928:
922:
919:
917:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
885:
883:
879:
876:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
823:
819:
815:
811:
808:
806:
803:
801:
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
780:Assuwa League
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
767:
765:
761:
757:
750:
745:
743:
738:
736:
731:
730:
727:
718:
712:
705:
701:
695:
691:
687:
686:
678:
669:
660:
651:
642:
633:
626:
620:
618:
616:
614:
612:
610:
605:
593:
591:
589:
586:
584:Uliliyantikeš
583:
582:
579:
577:
575:
572:
569:
568:
565:
562:
560:
557:
555:Ilaliyantikeš
554:
553:
549:
547:
545:
542:
539:
538:
535:
533:
531:
528:
525:
524:
521:
518:
516:
513:
510:
509:
506:
503:
501:
498:
495:
494:
491:
488:
485:
482:
481:
478:
476:
473:
471:
468:
465:
464:
461:
459:
457:
454:
452:
449:
448:
445:
442:
440:
437:
435:
432:
431:
427:
425:Gulzikannikeš
424:
421:
418:
415:
414:
411:
407:
404:
401:
398:
395:
393:
390:
389:
386:
383:
380:
377:
374:
372:
369:
368:
365:
361:
358:
355:
351:
348:
345:
343:
340:
339:
335:
331:
328:
325:
322:
320:Gender/Number
319:
316:
315:
312:
310:
306:
296:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
268:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
220:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
182:
179:
177:Today part of
175:
159:
157:
154:
153:
150:
144:
141:
134:
133:
130:
129:
126:
123:
121:
118:
117:
113:
109:
105:
99:
95:
89:
85:
82:
79:
75:
72:
69:
65:
62:
59:
55:
51:
47:
40:
35:
30:
20:
992:Neo-Hittites
872:
716:
711:
703:
684:
677:
668:
659:
650:
641:
632:
624:
489:hearth deity
336:counterpart
302:
285:Hittite laws
274:
236:
226:
196:
188:
187:
125:Succeeded by
124:
119:
1096:Paphlagonia
800:Hayasa-Azzi
594:Uliliyašši
416:Gulzannikeš
371:Kataḫzipuri
277:Old Hittite
245:Paphlagonia
203:country in
156:Paphlagonia
120:Preceded by
1141:Categories
1071:Cappadocia
1051:Antigonids
1000:Carchemish
947:Cimmerians
887:Purushanda
882:Sagalassos
818:Kizzuwatna
785:Carchemish
763:Bronze Age
699:113492187X
601:References
540:Aššanuwant
526:Ḫašauwanza
293:Muršili II
201:Bronze Age
81:Bronze Age
1081:Commagene
690:Routledge
563:Ilaliyant
511:Ḫilanzipa
504:Šaušḫilla
496:Šaušḫalla
419:goddesses
385:Kamrušepa
305:storm god
299:Mythology
259:as well.
241:Black Sea
193:Cuneiform
67:Religion
1101:Pergamon
1066:Bithynia
930:Iron Age
770:Ahhiyawa
570:Kuwanšeš
550:Aššiyat
475:Kammamma
434:Ḫašamili
223:Location
199:) was a
143:Hattians
1091:Osroene
1086:Galatia
1076:Cilicia
1056:Armenia
1030:Phrygia
1012:Kammanu
1008:Ḫilakku
957:Diauehi
952:Colchis
921:Zalpuwa
897:Shupria
878:Pisidia
853:Miletus
838:Kussara
828:Kalašma
822:Mitanni
790:Hapalla
587:deities
573:deities
558:deities
519:Ḫilašši
455:goddess
399:sun god
375:goddess
364:Tarḫunt
360:Tarḫuna
354:Hattian
342:Ziparwa
330:Hittite
309:Ḫattuša
289:Kaskian
281:Hittite
275:In the
271:History
237:pa-la-a
229:Kalasma
197:pa-la-a
96:Unknown
52:Unknown
49:Capital
1106:Pontus
1035:Urartu
1016:Kummuh
1004:Gurgum
987:Mushki
967:Etiuni
937:Aeolia
912:Wilusa
833:Kaskia
775:Arzawa
696:
483:Hearth
466:Kamama
356:origin
334:Luwian
253:Blaene
213:Luwian
181:Turkey
61:Palaic
1024:Tabal
996:Atuna
982:Lydia
977:Lycia
972:Ionia
962:Doris
942:Caria
907:Urumu
902:Urshu
868:Nairi
863:Mysia
848:Luwia
843:Lukka
814:Isuwa
795:Hatti
543:deity
529:deity
514:deity
499:deity
486:deity
410:Tiwaz
402:Tiyad
392:Tiyaz
323:Notes
261:Bryce
257:Sivas
1020:Quwê
916:Troy
892:Seha
873:Pala
858:Mira
694:ISBN
451:Inar
317:Name
265:Troy
189:Pala
26:Pala
23:Pala
469:god
438:god
396:god
346:god
332:or
247:in
1143::
1022:,
1018:,
1014:,
1010:,
1006:,
1002:,
998:,
820:,
816:,
702:.
688:.
608:^
408:,
362:,
267:.
195::
1026:)
994:(
914:/
880:/
824:)
812:(
748:e
741:t
734:v
191:(
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