1501:
1515:
255:
Ziparwa), the leading god of the land of Pala. In particular, CTH 750, a festival in
Hittite for Ziparwa and associated deities, includes passages stating, "The Old Woman speaks the words of the bread in Palaic," or alternately "the words of the meal," though no Palaic passages are quoted. The
722:
The verb in Palaic is inflected for number (singular and plural), person, tense (present and preterite), and mood (indicative and imperative). It also has two voices, active and
641:
not present in Old
Hittite, suggesting a prior Luwian-Palaic linguistic complex. It has been characterized as "more conservative than Hittite" and heavily influenced by the
256:
Palaic-language texts are all from a religious context, with ritual and mythological content. In addition to
Zaparwa, the Palaumnili-speakers worshipped a sun deity
653:
Palaic shows the same gender distinction as seen in
Hittite, i.e. animate vs. inanimate. It distinguishes two numbers, singular and plural, and at least six cases:
1546:
278:
reconstructs the following phonemic inventory for Palaic: However, iMelchert claims instead of pharyngeals, "a pair of velar fricatives is equally possible".
1551:
1068:
Yakubovich, Ilya (2005). "Were
Hittite Kings Divinely Anointed? A Palaic Invocation to the Sun-God and Its Significance for Hittite Religion".
1141:
1332:
1101:
912:
Sasseville, David. Anatolian Verbal Stem
Formation: Luwian, Lycian and Lydian. Netherlands, Brill, 2020, p. 528.
995:
944:
927:
Giusfredi, F. (2023). "Palaic in the
Hittite Archives". In Giusfredi, Federico; Pisaniello, Valerio; Matessi, Alvise (eds.).
879:
846:
795:
894:
The Indo-European
Language Family: A Phylogenetic Perspective, p. 7. N.p., Cambridge University Press, 2022.
504:
479:
1134:
1325:
903:
Melchert, Harold Craig. Anatolian historical phonology, p.10. Netherlands, Rodopi, 1994.
404:
759:
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141:
1536:
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382:
1500:
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432:
1318:
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Palaic is considered to have had a "high number of attestations of the suffix -ina," all of which were
614:
609:
515:
343:
329:
1018:
Sasseville, David; Yakubovich, Ilya (2018). "Palaic Words for
Domestic Animals and their Enclosures".
90:
80:
1113:
1266:
634:
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575:
244:
645:, though caution is prescribed for the latter assertion given the paucity of available materials.
1541:
1276:
1098:"Digital etymological-philological Dictionary of the Ancient Anatolian Corpus Languages (eDiAna)"
357:
348:
334:
170:
70:
223:
was probably to the northwest of the
Hittite core area, so in the northwest of present mainland
730:
637:, Palaic is a fairly typical specimen of Indo-European. Palaic shared common innovations with
247:; in addition Hittite texts elsewhere cite passages in Palaic in reference to the weather god
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193:
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in the 15th century BC, and the language likely went out of daily use at that time.
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Sasseville, David (10 July 2019). "'To show' in Hittite and Palaic Rituals".
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1007:"Palaisch. Eine indogermanische Kleinkorpussprache in Zentralanatolien"
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Contacts of Languages and Peoples in the Hittite and Post-Hittite World
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adjectival suffix. Palaic, on the northern border of both, like later
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267:), the Hattian goddess Kataḫzip/wuri, and several others.
714:
Palaic also has similar pronoun forms to Old Hittite.
239:
The entire corpus of Palaic spans only CTH 751-754 in
978:
Melchert, H. C. (1994). "Changes from PA to Palaic".
1510:
1017:
982:. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill. pp. 209–228.
931:. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill. pp. 313–331.
866:. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill. pp. 190–208.
1114:
Genitive Case and Possessive Adjective in Anatolian
625:The phonemic status of /e/ and /eː/ is uncertain.
1528:
188:. Palaic, which was apparently spoken mainly in
1004:
1547:Languages attested from the 2nd millennium BC
1326:
1135:
959:Zeitschrift für vergleichende Sprachforschung
680:Old Hittite has the genitive singular suffix
862:Melchert, H. C. (1994). "Palaic Phonology".
1333:
1319:
1142:
1128:
1067:
1038:
1005:Sasseville, David; Görke, Susanne (2021).
774:
1070:Journal of Ancient Near Eastern Religions
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812:Das Palaische. Texte, Grammatik, Lexikon.
1552:Languages extinct in the 14th century BC
977:
953:
861:
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814:Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1970. StBoT 10.
16:Extinct Anatolian Indo-European language
1149:
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1102:Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
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1340:
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829:Melchert, H. Craig (2008). "Palaic".
752:Historical Dictionary of the Hittites
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824:
822:
820:
831:The Ancient Languages of Asia Minor
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14:
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780:The Indo-European Language Family
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754:. Scarecrow Press. p. 223.
227:. The region was overrun by the
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864:Anatolian Historical Phonology
855:
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219:, or "of the people of Pala";
1:
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281:
1041:Altorientalische Forschungen
839:10.1017/CBO9780511486845.007
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7:
1020:Historische Sprachforschung
957:(1984). "Notes on Palaic".
10:
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1082:10.1163/156921205776137972
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988:10.1163/9789004657335_009
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872:10.1163/9789004657335_008
788:10.1017/9781108758666.005
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1109:Catalog of Hittite Texts
750:Burney, Charles (2004).
695:Luwian instead uses the
245:catalog of Hittite texts
204:(southern Anatolia) and
717:
684:circa 1600 BC (compare
648:
1053:10.1515/aofo-2019-0003
171:Indo-European language
778:(2022). "Anatolian".
184:, the capital of the
711:adjectival suffix.
208:(western Anatolia).
200:(central Anatolia),
1537:Anatolian languages
1151:Anatolian languages
701:Hieroglyphic Luwian
686:Proto-Indo-European
194:Anatolian languages
955:Melchert, H. Craig
833:. pp. 40–45.
782:. pp. 63–82.
1508:
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1342:Anatolian peoples
1308:
1307:
1300:Phrygian alphabet
1255:
1254:
1116:by Craig Melchert
997:978-90-04-65733-5
946:978-90-04-54863-3
881:978-90-04-65733-5
848:978-0-521-68496-5
797:978-1-108-75866-6
776:Kloekhorst, Alwin
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1356:Cappadocians
1073:
1069:
1047:(1): 22–32.
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965:(1): 22–43.
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810:Carruba, O.
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1521:Asia portal
1466:Philistines
1456:Pamphylians
1240:Cappadocian
1011:Antike Welt
297:Labiodental
177:tablets in
1531:Categories
1431:Mariandyni
1406:Lycaonians
1366:Cataonians
761:0810865645
737:References
731:transitive
663:accusative
655:nominative
635:morphology
629:Morphology
317:Pharyngeal
282:Consonants
217:palaumnili
179:Bronze Age
1481:Telchines
1471:Pisidians
1425:Maeonians
1396:Leucosyri
1386:Isaurians
1376:Cilicians
1277:Alphabets
1246:Lycaonian
1180:Kalasmaic
1158:Languages
1061:198490660
1026:: 46–58.
693:Cuneiform
691:); where
397:Fricative
373:Affricate
271:Phonology
175:cuneiform
151:Glottolog
119:ISO 639-3
76:Anatolian
37:Ethnicity
1415:Termilae
1381:Hittites
1371:Caucones
1234:Isaurian
1223:Pisidian
1032:27032358
971:40848728
697:-ašša/i-
675:locative
667:genitive
659:vocative
276:Melchert
229:Kaskians
186:Hittites
158:pala1331
93:-Palaic?
54:1300 BCE
31:Anatolia
1486:Trojans
1476:Sidians
1446:Mysians
1436:Milyans
1421:Lydians
1411:Lycians
1401:Luwians
1391:Leleges
1361:Carians
1349:Peoples
1218:Sidetic
1165:Hittite
544:Central
324:Plosive
307:Palatal
253:Hittite
249:Zaparwa
235:Sources
213:Hittite
198:Hittite
182:Hattusa
52:around
48:Extinct
1440:Solymi
1228:Trojan
1213:Carian
1208:Milyan
1203:Lycian
1198:Luwian
1175:Lydian
1170:Palaic
1059:
1030:
994:
969:
943:
878:
845:
794:
758:
673:, and
671:dative
639:Luwian
529:Vowels
470:Liquid
302:Dental
292:Labial
262:Luwian
225:Turkey
206:Lydian
167:Palaic
97:Palaic
85:Lydian
27:Region
22:Palaic
1190:Luwic
1057:S2CID
1028:JSTOR
967:JSTOR
709:-aša-
556:Close
539:Front
499:Glide
441:Nasal
312:Velar
265:Tiwaz
258:Tiyaz
202:Luwic
992:ISBN
941:ISBN
876:ISBN
843:ISBN
792:ISBN
756:ISBN
718:Verb
689:*-os
649:Noun
602:Open
549:Back
243:'s
221:Pala
91:Luwo
81:Luwo
1248:(?)
1242:(?)
1236:(?)
1230:(?)
1078:doi
1049:doi
1024:131
984:doi
933:doi
868:doi
835:doi
784:doi
705:-aš
682:-aš
589:Mid
383:t͡s
215:is
142:plq
126:plq
1533::
1100:.
1072:.
1055:.
1045:46
1043:.
1022:.
1009:.
990:.
963:97
961:.
939:.
874:.
841:.
819:^
790:.
733:.
726:.
677:.
669:,
665:,
661:,
657:,
615:aː
581:uː
567:iː
1442:)
1438:(
1427:)
1423:(
1417:)
1413:(
1334:e
1327:t
1320:v
1143:e
1136:t
1129:v
1104:.
1084:.
1080::
1074:5
1063:.
1051::
1034:.
1013:.
1000:.
986::
973:.
949:.
935::
884:.
870::
851:.
837::
800:.
786::
764:.
610:a
576:u
562:i
516:j
505:w
487:r
480:l
456:n
447:m
433:ʕ
428:ħ
419:ʒ
412:s
405:f
363:g
358:k
349:d
344:t
335:b
330:p
260:(
251:(
87:?
83:-
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