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Kalinga architecture

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3891: 3845: 3785:, the ground plan of the proposed temple is engraved by the Sthapati and Sutragrahaṇi with the help of a sharp edged instrument, on the perfectly leveled Piṭha. As temples in every of their details depend on proportions, complex ancient methods are used for correct geometric designing and executing the ground plan (bhunaksa) to ensure long term stability and aesthetic appearance of these huge structures. Simplicity or intricacy of the temple is reflected in this ground plan. Thereafter, the Bardhanikas set about precut stones, under the strict vigilance of Sutragrahaṇi as per the Bhunaksa, Deula Gaddanni has started. 122: 3864: 130: 5230: 25: 146: 3498: 185: 3592:
cult, divine iconography existed since the mythological era. Present day research implies that idols (deities) were placed under auspicious trees in the ancient days. And maybe today a temple in general carries various minute details and the overall shape of some heritage tree. The various aspects
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evolved over a long period of time. Stipulated architectural principles with ample provision for artistic improvisation enabled the progressive generations. Temples in Odisha are based on certain fundamental principles of stability and take their cue from the human body. The superstructure is
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The Asṭadala Padma Chakaḍā (Eight lotus petal shaped), is then laid at the exact spot required. This is a square or rectangular shape of hard uniform stone slab at the center of which an eight petaled lotus shape in exact geometric proportions is engraved. The petals are aligned to the north,
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Various aspects like type of soil, shape of the Plot, location of the plot, availability and type of space and ground water level, etc. are taken into consideration while selecting the site. Color, density, composition and moisture content of the soil discriminates between the best, middle,
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Primarily certain classes of stones are considered auspicious for the construction of Kalinga deula (temples). The Shilpa Chandrika, an ancient architecture book defines seven specific varieties of stone as ideal and certain types are used for certain portions of the temple :
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north-east, east, southeast, south, south-west, west and north-west. The exact perpendicular line through the center of this Asṭadala Padma Chakaḍā determines the axis (rekhā/meru) of the temple. The traditional method of such alignment is termed as
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Sutra Grahaṇi : The Chief Engineer (can be equated) as he is the person who translates the architecture into actual geometrical dimensions. He is equally proficient in all the required knowledge and most often is the son of the Mukhya
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basically divided into three parts, the Bāḍa (Lower Limb), the Ganḍi (Body) and the Cuḷa/Mastaka (Head). Accordingly, each part is given a different treatment throughout, from the architecture to the final ornamentation of the Temple.
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The Mukhya Sthaptya (Main Sculptor similar to Chief Architect) creates a scale model based on traditional stipulations and takes the Karta's (producer / financier) approval. In many instances we see such depictions on walls and motifs.
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Another layer of theodolite stones, corresponding to the shape and size of the ground plan called the piṭha is constructed. This is the base of the temple. In many instances, we see this piṭha at various levels of
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Kartā : The Chief Patron of the temple, generally the king of the state is designated as kartā. Hence these devotional ancient architectures often reflect various socio-cultural aspects of society of the
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and Mathematical Calculations. Besides being a very knowledgeable person he is also a very pious man. He translates the Kartā's vision into an architectural design based on stipulations.
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Then with uniformly cut hard stones, the four walls of the Potā are erected and the outer perimeter space between the pit wall and ground is properly filled with soil.
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Takṣaka : The sculptor with hands that create poetry in stone does all the magnificent carvings and engravings of various forms that has left us spell bound.
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of a typical Kalinga temple include architectural stipulations, iconography, historical connotations and honoring the traditions, customs and associated legends.
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By observing conventional masonry and going through the following steps of the preparation of potā and piṭha the foundation of a temple could be understood:
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A square or rectangular area is dug out depending on the type and combination of temple proposed at the center of the preselected Nāgabandhani plot of land.
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etc., probably this is some ancient science which guides the architect to understand natural forces and build stable massive structures in
3561:. The style consists of three distinct types of temples: Rekha Deula, Pidha Deula and Khakhara Deula. The former two are associated with 5257: 4749: 4688: 3701:, by which the temple's direction and the auspicious moment for beginning the sacred construction is determined. Like the present day 233: 4718: 89: 61: 2405: 996: 4508: 42: 68: 5262: 2284: 5267: 4340: 4129: 4036: 5252: 3528: 3161: 75: 4075: 108: 2314: 1150: 57: 3744:
The length and width of this Potā (pit) is always sufficiently broader than the diameter of the proposed temple.
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Although clay bricks have been used in very rare cases, most Kalingan temples are built using these stones.
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Keeping the Sanku (the vertical axis through the center of Asṭadala Padma Chakaḍā) as the exact center of
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Thereafter the Potā is properly packed up with large pieces of stone and soil, probably pressed down by
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Besides these primary set of specialists, various supportive functions are carried out by other people.
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There is a specific hierarchy of command for the management of people involved. They are classified as:
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The Potā (pit) is leveled off at ground level with huge and thick cut theodolite stones.
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The depth of this Potā is 1/3 of the height of the proposed temple, from plinth level.
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or central protective image over the doorway to a temple or the sanctuary of one.
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Temples in Odisha in the classic local style very often have a figure of
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while the Pidha Deula constitutes outer dancing and offering halls.
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Mukhya Sthapati : The Chief Architect, The master of the
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temples. The Rekha Deula and Khakhara Deula houses are the
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Hard stone slabs are laid at the bottom to create a level.
647: 184: 3729: 3853:, one of the most well renowned temples in India, a 4051: 49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 125:Simplified schema of a Kalinga architecture temple 5244: 4037:"Welcome to Odissi.com | Orissa | Sri Jagannath" 3637:Bārdhanikas : The masons, the stone setters 4502: 4130: 3776: 3522: 3697:This is an intricate and very old method in 3685:sub-middle and worst kind of soil. Based on 4509: 4495: 4137: 4123: 4060:History of Indian and Eastern Architecture 3529: 3515: 4144: 4057: 109:Learn how and when to remove this message 144: 128: 120: 4956:Pana Sankranti (Maha Vishuba Sankranti) 3573:temples while the third is mainly with 3557:and in present eastern Indian state of 2406:Sources and classification of scripture 5245: 3857:. the tower has collapsed in the past. 4516: 4490: 4118: 3647: 1033:Anupalabdi (non-perception, negation) 1028:Arthāpatti (postulation, presumption) 47:adding citations to reliable sources 18: 4058:Fergusson, James (2013). "ORISSA". 3828:Classification of deuḷa temples at 3601: 13: 5258:Buildings and structures in Odisha 3730:Potā and piṭha (Mobile Foundation) 14: 5279: 3822: 3679: 5229: 5228: 3889: 3862: 3843: 3692: 3588:In Kalinga, the ancient land of 3549:which flourished in the ancient 3496: 183: 23: 4298:Thantra-Samuchayam/Shilparatnam 3596: 34:needs additional citations for 4476:Category:Architecture in India 4029: 3720: 271:Epic-Puranic royal genealogies 1: 5161:Bronze & Bell metal works 4088: 3327:Other society-related topics: 1023:Upamāṇa (comparison, analogy) 4104:Kalinga Temples Architecture 4068:10.1017/cbo9781139814638.007 4022: 3937:Examples of Rekha deuḷa are 3438:Hinduism and other religions 2235:Chandrashekarendra Saraswati 16:Architecture style in Odisha 7: 5263:Indian architectural styles 3543:Kaḷinga architectural style 3183:Kamba Ramayanam/Ramavataram 3155:Naalayira Divya Prabandham 888:Arishadvargas (six enemies) 832:Antaḥkaraṇa (mental organs) 827:Sūkṣma śarīra (subtle body) 10: 5284: 5268:Cultural history of Odisha 3792: 3777:Bhunaksā (the ground plan) 3059:Naalayira Divya Prabandham 1744:Gurus, sants, philosophers 1680:Akshar Purushottam Darshan 868:Uparati (self-settledness) 5253:Hindu temple architecture 5226: 5201: 5178: 5123: 5090: 5081: 5020: 5004: 4896: 4880: 4855: 4819: 4810: 4777: 4727: 4559: 4531: 4524: 4471: 4425: 4359: 4152: 4096:Kalinga Mandira Sthapatya 2225:Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati 883:Samadhana (concentration) 747:Three paths to liberation 254:Tribal religions in India 239:Historical Vedic religion 234:Indus Valley Civilisation 4106:(archived 29 March 2012) 4017:Durga Temple, Baideshwar 3788: 1059:, sacrifice, and charity 3799:Temple architecture in 3232:Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam 2445:Timeline of Hindu texts 2350:Siddharameshwar Maharaj 1383:Pumsavana Simantonayana 1038:Śabda (word, testimony) 276:Epic-Puranic chronology 244:Dravidian folk religion 4012:Varahi Deula, Chaurasi 3996:Baitaḷa /Khakarā deuḷa 3197:Eighteen Greater Texts 2826:Brahma Vaivarta Purana 2255:Krishnananda Saraswati 1499:Vijayadashami-Dussehra 1013:Pratyakṣa (perception) 873:Titiksha (forbearance) 161: 142: 126: 58:"Kalinga architecture" 4146:Architecture of India 3921:Lokanatha Siva Temple 3313:Varna-related topics: 3204:Eighteen Lesser Texts 2777:Devi Bhagavata Purana 1673:Svabhavika Bhedabheda 1659:Achintya Bheda Abheda 1591:Philosophical schools 893:Ahamkara (attachment) 853:Vairagya (dispassion) 781:Mokṣa-related topics: 148: 132: 124: 5186:Kalinga architecture 4094:Durga Charan Panda, 3553:previously known as 3445:Hinduism and Jainism 2375:Vethathiri Maharishi 2280:Nisargadatta Maharaj 848:Viveka (discernment) 223:(500/200 BCE–300 CE) 150:The Jagannath Temple 43:improve this article 4110:Temple Architecture 3855:World Heritage Site 3503:Hinduism portal 3382:Hinduism by country 3218:Iraiyanar Akapporul 3162:Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai 2245:Dayananda Saraswati 2230:Bhaktivinoda Thakur 2136:Sripada Srivallabha 2076:Raghunatha Siromani 2041:Narasimha Saraswati 1018:Anumāṇa (inference) 141:, sixth century AD. 4888:Odia Hindu wedding 3973:Ghantashree Mohana 3970:Kathachalia Pidhha 3967:Nahachallia Pidhha 3648:Material selection 3547:Hindu architecture 3397:Caribbean Shaktism 3116:Kanakadhara Stotra 2365:U. 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4047:on 2000-03-06. 4041:www.odissi.com 4027: 4026: 4024: 4021: 4020: 4019: 4014: 3998: 3997: 3983: 3982: 3981: 3980: 3977: 3974: 3971: 3968: 3965: 3959: 3958: 3935: 3934: 3933: 3932: 3929: 3926: 3923: 3915: 3914: 3910: 3909: 3895: 3888: 3886: 3868: 3861: 3859: 3849: 3842: 3840: 3824: 3823:Classification 3821: 3793:Main article: 3790: 3787: 3778: 3775: 3774: 3773: 3769: 3766: 3759: 3751: 3748: 3745: 3742: 3739: 3731: 3728: 3722: 3719: 3699:Shilpa Shastra 3694: 3691: 3681: 3680:Site Selection 3678: 3674: 3673: 3670: 3667: 3664: 3661: 3658: 3649: 3646: 3642: 3641: 3638: 3635: 3631: 3624:Dharma Shastra 3612: 3603: 3600: 3598: 3595: 3545:is a style of 3537: 3536: 3534: 3533: 3526: 3519: 3511: 3508: 3507: 3506: 3505: 3492: 3491: 3486: 3478: 3477: 3474: 3473: 3467: 3441: 3440: 3437: 3434: 3433: 3428: 3423: 3418: 3413: 3407: 3406: 3403: 3400: 3399: 3393: 3392: 3386: 3385: 3380: 3377: 3372: 3371: 3368: 3367: 3364: 3363: 3358: 3353: 3348: 3343: 3342: 3341: 3334:Discrimination 3330: 3329: 3326: 3323: 3322: 3316: 3315: 3309: 3308: 3302: 3301: 3292: 3291: 3286: 3281: 3276: 3270: 3269: 3263: 3262: 3257: 3254: 3251: 3250: 3247: 3246: 3243: 3242: 3235: 3228: 3225:Abirami Antati 3221: 3214: 3207: 3200: 3193: 3186: 3179: 3172: 3165: 3158: 3151: 3143: 3142: 3137: 3134: 3133: 3126: 3119: 3111: 3110: 3101: 3098: 3097: 3090: 3083: 3076: 3073:Ramcharitmanas 3069: 3062: 3055: 3048: 3041: 3034: 3027: 3024:Pramana Sutras 3020: 3013: 3006: 2999: 2996:Mimamsa Sutras 2992: 2989:Samkhya Sutras 2985: 2978: 2971: 2964: 2957: 2954:Dharma Shastra 2949: 2948: 2935: 2932: 2931: 2924: 2917: 2910: 2902: 2901: 2896: 2893: 2892: 2885: 2878: 2871: 2864: 2857: 2850: 2843: 2836: 2829: 2822: 2815: 2808: 2801: 2794: 2787: 2780: 2773: 2766: 2758: 2757: 2752: 2747: 2744: 2743: 2736: 2728: 2727: 2722: 2719: 2718: 2710: 2702: 2701: 2696: 2693: 2692: 2687: 2682: 2677: 2672: 2667: 2661: 2660: 2655: 2652: 2651: 2644: 2637: 2629: 2628: 2622: 2621: 2614: 2606: 2605: 2599: 2598: 2591: 2588:Shvetashvatara 2584: 2577: 2570: 2563: 2560:Brihadaranyaka 2555: 2554: 2548: 2547: 2540: 2532: 2531: 2525: 2524: 2519: 2516: 2515: 2510: 2505: 2500: 2494: 2493: 2487: 2486: 2479: 2472: 2465: 2457: 2456: 2451: 2448: 2447: 2441: 2440: 2435: 2432: 2431: 2426: 2421: 2416: 2410: 2409: 2404: 2401: 2396: 2395: 2392: 2391: 2388: 2387: 2382: 2377: 2372: 2370:Upasni Maharaj 2367: 2362: 2357: 2352: 2347: 2342: 2337: 2332: 2327: 2322: 2317: 2312: 2307: 2302: 2297: 2292: 2287: 2282: 2277: 2272: 2267: 2262: 2257: 2252: 2247: 2242: 2237: 2232: 2227: 2222: 2216: 2215: 2212: 2209: 2208: 2203: 2198: 2196:Vedanta Desika 2193: 2188: 2183: 2178: 2173: 2168: 2163: 2158: 2153: 2148: 2143: 2138: 2133: 2128: 2123: 2118: 2116:Samarth Ramdas 2113: 2108: 2103: 2098: 2093: 2088: 2083: 2078: 2073: 2068: 2066:Purandara Dasa 2063: 2058: 2053: 2051:Nimbarkacharya 2048: 2043: 2038: 2033: 2028: 2023: 2018: 2013: 2008: 2003: 1998: 1993: 1988: 1983: 1978: 1973: 1971:Jayanta Bhatta 1968: 1963: 1958: 1953: 1948: 1943: 1938: 1933: 1928: 1923: 1918: 1913: 1908: 1903: 1898: 1893: 1888: 1883: 1877: 1876: 1871: 1868: 1867: 1862: 1857: 1852: 1847: 1842: 1837: 1832: 1827: 1822: 1817: 1812: 1807: 1802: 1797: 1792: 1787: 1782: 1777: 1772: 1767: 1762: 1756: 1755: 1750: 1747: 1742: 1741: 1738: 1737: 1734: 1733: 1728: 1727: 1726: 1716: 1715: 1714: 1709: 1704: 1693: 1692: 1689: 1686: 1685: 1684: 1683: 1676: 1669: 1662: 1655: 1648: 1641: 1629: 1624: 1619: 1614: 1609: 1603: 1602: 1597: 1594: 1589: 1588: 1585: 1584: 1581: 1580: 1575: 1574: 1573: 1568: 1563: 1553: 1548: 1543: 1538: 1533: 1528: 1523: 1518: 1513: 1508: 1506:Raksha Bandhan 1503: 1502: 1501: 1496: 1491: 1481: 1476: 1471: 1465: 1464: 1459: 1456: 1455: 1450: 1445: 1440: 1435: 1430: 1425: 1420: 1415: 1410: 1405: 1400: 1395: 1390: 1388:Simantonnayana 1385: 1380: 1375: 1369: 1368: 1363: 1360: 1359: 1354: 1349: 1344: 1339: 1337:Carnatic music 1334: 1329: 1324: 1322:Bhagavata Mela 1319: 1314: 1309: 1304: 1299: 1294: 1289: 1284: 1278: 1277: 1272: 1269: 1268: 1266:Kundalini yoga 1263: 1258: 1253: 1248: 1243: 1238: 1233: 1228: 1223: 1218: 1212: 1211: 1206: 1203: 1202: 1197: 1192: 1187: 1181: 1180: 1177: 1174: 1173: 1168: 1163: 1158: 1153: 1148: 1143: 1138: 1133: 1128: 1123: 1118: 1113: 1108: 1103: 1098: 1093: 1088: 1083: 1078: 1073: 1068: 1062: 1061: 1055: 1052: 1049: 1048: 1045: 1044: 1041: 1040: 1035: 1030: 1025: 1020: 1015: 1009: 1008: 1003: 1000: 999: 994: 989: 984: 979: 974: 969: 964: 959: 954: 949: 944: 939: 934: 929: 924: 919: 914: 909: 903: 902: 899: 896: 895: 890: 885: 880: 875: 870: 865: 860: 855: 850: 845: 840: 835: 829: 824: 819: 813: 812: 809: 806: 805: 800: 795: 790: 784: 783: 777: 776: 771: 768: 767: 762: 757: 751: 750: 745: 742: 741: 736: 731: 726: 720: 719: 716:Stages of life 714: 711: 710: 705: 700: 695: 689: 688: 683: 680: 679: 677:God and gender 674: 669: 663: 662: 659: 656: 655: 650: 645: 644: 643: 638: 627: 626: 621: 618: 617: 612: 610:Gross elements 607: 602: 597: 591: 590: 587: 584: 583: 578: 572: 571: 568: 565: 560: 559: 556: 555: 552: 551: 546: 541: 536: 531: 526: 521: 516: 511: 506: 501: 496: 491: 485: 484: 478: 477: 472: 467: 462: 457: 452: 447: 442: 437: 432: 427: 421: 420: 411: 410: 400: 397: 396: 391: 386: 380: 379: 374: 371: 370: 365: 360: 354: 353: 348: 345: 340: 339: 336: 335: 332: 331: 324: 321: 320: 315: 310: 305: 299: 298: 295: 292: 287: 286: 283: 282: 279: 278: 273: 268: 266:Itihasa-Purana 257: 256: 251: 246: 241: 236: 231: 226: 212: 209: 208: 205: 204: 203: 202: 197: 189: 188: 180: 179: 173: 172: 117: 116: 31: 29: 22: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5280: 5269: 5266: 5264: 5261: 5259: 5256: 5254: 5251: 5250: 5248: 5235: 5225: 5219: 5216: 5214: 5213:Odia calendar 5211: 5210: 5208: 5205: 5200: 5192: 5189: 5188: 5187: 5184: 5183: 5181: 5177: 5167: 5164: 5162: 5159: 5157: 5156:Wooden crafts 5154: 5152: 5149: 5147: 5144: 5142: 5139: 5137: 5134: 5132: 5129: 5128: 5126: 5122: 5114: 5111: 5110: 5109: 5106: 5104: 5101: 5099: 5096: 5095: 5093: 5089: 5086: 5080: 5074: 5071: 5069: 5066: 5064: 5061: 5059: 5056: 5054: 5051: 5049: 5046: 5044: 5041: 5039: 5036: 5034: 5031: 5029: 5026: 5025: 5023: 5019: 5013: 5010: 5009: 5007: 5003: 4997: 4994: 4992: 4989: 4987: 4986:Savitri Brata 4984: 4982: 4981:Samba Dashami 4979: 4977: 4974: 4972: 4969: 4967: 4966:Prathamastami 4964: 4962: 4959: 4957: 4954: 4952: 4949: 4947: 4944: 4942: 4941:Kumar Purnima 4939: 4937: 4936:Gamha Purnima 4934: 4932: 4929: 4927: 4924: 4922: 4919: 4917: 4914: 4912: 4911:Boita Bandana 4909: 4907: 4904: 4903: 4901: 4899: 4895: 4889: 4886: 4885: 4883: 4879: 4869: 4868:Sakhi kandhei 4866: 4864: 4863:Ravana chhaya 4861: 4860: 4858: 4854: 4848: 4845: 4843: 4840: 4838: 4835: 4833: 4830: 4828: 4825: 4824: 4822: 4818: 4815: 4809: 4803: 4800: 4798: 4795: 4793: 4790: 4788: 4785: 4784: 4782: 4780: 4776: 4766: 4763: 4761: 4758: 4756: 4753: 4751: 4748: 4746: 4743: 4741: 4738: 4736: 4733: 4732: 4730: 4726: 4720: 4717: 4715: 4712: 4710: 4707: 4705: 4702: 4700: 4697: 4695: 4692: 4690: 4687: 4685: 4682: 4680: 4677: 4675: 4672: 4670: 4667: 4665: 4662: 4660: 4657: 4655: 4652: 4650: 4647: 4645: 4642: 4640: 4639:Kathi Kandhei 4637: 4635: 4634:Kandhei nacha 4632: 4630: 4627: 4625: 4622: 4620: 4617: 4615: 4612: 4610: 4607: 4605: 4602: 4600: 4597: 4595: 4592: 4590: 4587: 4585: 4582: 4580: 4577: 4575: 4572: 4570: 4567: 4566: 4564: 4562: 4558: 4552: 4549: 4547: 4544: 4542: 4539: 4538: 4536: 4534: 4530: 4527: 4523: 4519: 4512: 4507: 4505: 4500: 4498: 4493: 4492: 4489: 4477: 4474: 4473: 4470: 4464: 4461: 4459: 4456: 4454: 4451: 4449: 4446: 4444: 4441: 4439: 4436: 4434: 4431: 4430: 4428: 4424: 4418: 4415: 4413: 4412:Uttar Pradesh 4410: 4408: 4405: 4403: 4400: 4398: 4395: 4393: 4390: 4388: 4385: 4383: 4380: 4378: 4375: 4373: 4370: 4368: 4365: 4364: 4362: 4358: 4352: 4349: 4347: 4344: 4342: 4339: 4335: 4332: 4330: 4327: 4323: 4320: 4319: 4318: 4315: 4314: 4313: 4310: 4304: 4301: 4299: 4296: 4294: 4291: 4289: 4286: 4284: 4281: 4279: 4276: 4275: 4274: 4271: 4270: 4269: 4266: 4262: 4259: 4257: 4254: 4252: 4249: 4247: 4244: 4238: 4235: 4233: 4230: 4228: 4225: 4224: 4223: 4220: 4218: 4215: 4213: 4210: 4209: 4208: 4205: 4204: 4203: 4200: 4198: 4195: 4193: 4190: 4188: 4185: 4181: 4178: 4176: 4173: 4172: 4171: 4168: 4166: 4163: 4161: 4158: 4157: 4155: 4151: 4147: 4140: 4135: 4133: 4128: 4126: 4121: 4120: 4117: 4111: 4108: 4105: 4102: 4097: 4093: 4092: 4079: 4077:9781139814638 4073: 4069: 4065: 4061: 4054: 4046: 4042: 4038: 4032: 4028: 4018: 4015: 4013: 4010: 4009: 4008: 4007: 4003: 4002:Baitala deula 3995: 3994: 3993: 3992: 3988: 3987:Konark temple 3978: 3976:Pidhha Mohana 3975: 3972: 3969: 3966: 3963: 3962: 3961: 3960: 3956: 3955: 3954: 3952: 3948: 3944: 3940: 3930: 3927: 3924: 3922: 3919: 3918: 3917: 3916: 3912: 3911: 3907: 3903: 3902:Baitala Deula 3899: 3896:Sculpture of 3892: 3887: 3883: 3879: 3875: 3871: 3870:Baitala deula 3865: 3860: 3856: 3852: 3846: 3841: 3839: 3835: 3831: 3827: 3826: 3820: 3818: 3814: 3810: 3805: 3802: 3796: 3786: 3784: 3770: 3767: 3764: 3760: 3757: 3752: 3749: 3746: 3743: 3740: 3737: 3736: 3735: 3727: 3718: 3716: 3712: 3708: 3704: 3703:Geomorphology 3700: 3693:Naga Bāndhēṇi 3690: 3688: 3687:Vastu Shastra 3677: 3671: 3668: 3665: 3662: 3660:Chhita Sāhaṇa 3659: 3656: 3655: 3654: 3645: 3639: 3636: 3632: 3629: 3625: 3621: 3620:Vastu Shastra 3617: 3613: 3609: 3608: 3607: 3594: 3591: 3586: 3584: 3580: 3576: 3572: 3568: 3564: 3560: 3556: 3552: 3548: 3544: 3532: 3527: 3525: 3520: 3518: 3513: 3512: 3510: 3509: 3504: 3494: 3493: 3490: 3487: 3485: 3482: 3481: 3480: 3479: 3472: 3468: 3466: 3462: 3458: 3454: 3450: 3446: 3443: 3442: 3436: 3435: 3432: 3429: 3427: 3424: 3422: 3419: 3417: 3414: 3412: 3409: 3408: 3404:Hindu culture 3402: 3401: 3398: 3395: 3394: 3391: 3388: 3387: 3383: 3379: 3378: 3375: 3370: 3369: 3362: 3359: 3357: 3356:Organisations 3354: 3352: 3349: 3347: 3344: 3340: 3337: 3336: 3335: 3332: 3331: 3325: 3324: 3321: 3318: 3317: 3314: 3311: 3310: 3307: 3304: 3303: 3300: 3298: 3294: 3293: 3290: 3287: 3285: 3282: 3280: 3277: 3275: 3272: 3271: 3268: 3265: 3264: 3260: 3256: 3255: 3249: 3248: 3241: 3240: 3236: 3234: 3233: 3229: 3227: 3226: 3222: 3220: 3219: 3215: 3213: 3212: 3208: 3206: 3205: 3201: 3199: 3198: 3194: 3192: 3191: 3187: 3185: 3184: 3180: 3178: 3177: 3173: 3171: 3170: 3166: 3164: 3163: 3159: 3157: 3156: 3152: 3150: 3149: 3145: 3144: 3140: 3136: 3135: 3132: 3131: 3127: 3125: 3124: 3120: 3118: 3117: 3113: 3112: 3108: 3104: 3100: 3099: 3096: 3095: 3091: 3089: 3088: 3084: 3082: 3081: 3080:Yoga Vasistha 3077: 3075: 3074: 3070: 3068: 3067: 3063: 3061: 3060: 3056: 3054: 3053: 3049: 3047: 3046: 3045:Natya Shastra 3042: 3040: 3039: 3035: 3033: 3032: 3028: 3026: 3025: 3021: 3019: 3018: 3014: 3012: 3011: 3007: 3005: 3004: 3000: 2998: 2997: 2993: 2991: 2990: 2986: 2984: 2983: 2982:Brahma Sutras 2979: 2977: 2976: 2972: 2970: 2969: 2965: 2963: 2962: 2958: 2956: 2955: 2951: 2950: 2946: 2942: 2938: 2934: 2933: 2930: 2929: 2928:Sthapatyaveda 2925: 2923: 2922: 2921:Gandharvaveda 2918: 2916: 2915: 2911: 2909: 2908: 2904: 2903: 2899: 2895: 2894: 2891: 2890: 2886: 2884: 2883: 2882:Varaha Purana 2879: 2877: 2876: 2875:Skanda Purana 2872: 2870: 2869: 2865: 2863: 2862: 2858: 2856: 2855: 2851: 2849: 2848: 2844: 2842: 2841: 2837: 2835: 2834: 2830: 2828: 2827: 2823: 2821: 2820: 2816: 2814: 2813: 2812:Brahma Purana 2809: 2807: 2806: 2805:Garuda Purana 2802: 2800: 2799: 2798:Matsya Purana 2795: 2793: 2792: 2791:Vāmana Purana 2788: 2786: 2785: 2781: 2779: 2778: 2774: 2772: 2771: 2767: 2765: 2764: 2763:Vishnu Purana 2760: 2759: 2755: 2750: 2746: 2745: 2742: 2741: 2737: 2735: 2734: 2730: 2729: 2725: 2721: 2720: 2717: 2715: 2711: 2709: 2708: 2707:Bhagavad Gita 2704: 2703: 2699: 2695: 2694: 2691: 2688: 2686: 2683: 2681: 2678: 2676: 2673: 2671: 2668: 2666: 2663: 2662: 2658: 2654: 2653: 2650: 2649: 2645: 2643: 2642: 2638: 2636: 2635: 2631: 2630: 2627: 2624: 2623: 2620: 2619: 2615: 2613: 2612: 2608: 2607: 2604: 2601: 2600: 2597: 2596: 2592: 2590: 2589: 2585: 2583: 2582: 2578: 2576: 2575: 2571: 2569: 2568: 2564: 2562: 2561: 2557: 2556: 2553: 2550: 2549: 2546: 2545: 2541: 2539: 2538: 2534: 2533: 2530: 2527: 2526: 2522: 2518: 2517: 2514: 2511: 2509: 2506: 2504: 2501: 2499: 2496: 2495: 2492: 2489: 2488: 2485: 2484: 2480: 2478: 2477: 2473: 2471: 2470: 2466: 2464: 2463: 2459: 2458: 2454: 2450: 2449: 2446: 2443: 2442: 2438: 2434: 2433: 2430: 2427: 2425: 2422: 2420: 2417: 2415: 2412: 2411: 2407: 2403: 2402: 2399: 2394: 2393: 2386: 2383: 2381: 2378: 2376: 2373: 2371: 2368: 2366: 2363: 2361: 2358: 2356: 2353: 2351: 2348: 2346: 2343: 2341: 2338: 2336: 2333: 2331: 2328: 2326: 2323: 2321: 2318: 2316: 2313: 2311: 2308: 2306: 2303: 2301: 2298: 2296: 2293: 2291: 2290:Radhakrishnan 2288: 2286: 2283: 2281: 2278: 2276: 2273: 2271: 2270:Narayana Guru 2268: 2266: 2263: 2261: 2258: 2256: 2253: 2251: 2250:Jaggi Vasudev 2248: 2246: 2243: 2241: 2240:Chinmayananda 2238: 2236: 2233: 2231: 2228: 2226: 2223: 2221: 2218: 2217: 2211: 2210: 2207: 2204: 2202: 2199: 2197: 2194: 2192: 2189: 2187: 2184: 2182: 2179: 2177: 2174: 2172: 2169: 2167: 2164: 2162: 2159: 2157: 2154: 2152: 2149: 2147: 2144: 2142: 2139: 2137: 2134: 2132: 2129: 2127: 2124: 2122: 2119: 2117: 2114: 2112: 2109: 2107: 2104: 2102: 2101:Ramprasad Sen 2099: 2097: 2094: 2092: 2089: 2087: 2084: 2082: 2079: 2077: 2074: 2072: 2069: 2067: 2064: 2062: 2059: 2057: 2054: 2052: 2049: 2047: 2044: 2042: 2039: 2037: 2034: 2032: 2029: 2027: 2024: 2022: 2019: 2017: 2014: 2012: 2009: 2007: 2004: 2002: 1999: 1997: 1994: 1992: 1989: 1987: 1984: 1982: 1979: 1977: 1974: 1972: 1969: 1967: 1964: 1962: 1959: 1957: 1954: 1952: 1951:Gorakshanatha 1949: 1947: 1944: 1942: 1939: 1937: 1934: 1932: 1929: 1927: 1924: 1922: 1919: 1917: 1914: 1912: 1909: 1907: 1904: 1902: 1899: 1897: 1896:Allama Prabhu 1894: 1892: 1891:Akka Mahadevi 1889: 1887: 1884: 1882: 1881:Abhinavagupta 1879: 1878: 1874: 1870: 1869: 1866: 1863: 1861: 1858: 1856: 1853: 1851: 1848: 1846: 1843: 1841: 1838: 1836: 1833: 1831: 1830:Prashastapada 1828: 1826: 1823: 1821: 1818: 1816: 1813: 1811: 1808: 1806: 1803: 1801: 1798: 1796: 1793: 1791: 1788: 1786: 1783: 1781: 1778: 1776: 1773: 1771: 1768: 1766: 1763: 1761: 1758: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1748: 1745: 1740: 1739: 1732: 1729: 1725: 1722: 1721: 1720: 1717: 1713: 1710: 1708: 1705: 1703: 1700: 1699: 1698: 1695: 1694: 1690:Other schools 1688: 1687: 1682: 1681: 1677: 1675: 1674: 1670: 1668: 1667: 1666:Shuddhadvaita 1663: 1661: 1660: 1656: 1654: 1653: 1649: 1647: 1646: 1642: 1640: 1639: 1635: 1634: 1633: 1630: 1628: 1625: 1623: 1620: 1618: 1615: 1613: 1610: 1608: 1605: 1604: 1600: 1596: 1595: 1592: 1587: 1586: 1579: 1576: 1572: 1569: 1567: 1564: 1562: 1559: 1558: 1557: 1554: 1552: 1549: 1547: 1544: 1542: 1539: 1537: 1534: 1532: 1529: 1527: 1524: 1522: 1519: 1517: 1514: 1512: 1509: 1507: 1504: 1500: 1497: 1495: 1492: 1490: 1487: 1486: 1485: 1482: 1480: 1477: 1475: 1472: 1470: 1467: 1466: 1462: 1458: 1457: 1454: 1451: 1449: 1446: 1444: 1441: 1439: 1436: 1434: 1431: 1429: 1426: 1424: 1421: 1419: 1416: 1414: 1411: 1409: 1406: 1404: 1401: 1399: 1396: 1394: 1391: 1389: 1386: 1384: 1381: 1379: 1376: 1374: 1371: 1370: 1366: 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3643: 3605: 3597:Architecture 3587: 3542: 3540: 3463: / 3459: / 3455: / 3451: / 3449:and Buddhism 3447: / 3411:Architecture 3374:Other topics 3312: 3295: 3267:Four varnas: 3266: 3237: 3230: 3223: 3216: 3209: 3202: 3195: 3188: 3181: 3174: 3167: 3160: 3153: 3146: 3128: 3121: 3114: 3092: 3085: 3078: 3071: 3064: 3057: 3052:Panchatantra 3050: 3043: 3036: 3029: 3022: 3015: 3008: 3003:Nyāya Sūtras 3001: 2994: 2987: 2980: 2973: 2966: 2961:Artha Śastra 2959: 2952: 2926: 2919: 2912: 2905: 2887: 2880: 2873: 2868:Kūrma Purana 2866: 2861:Linga Purana 2859: 2854:Shiva Purana 2852: 2845: 2840:Padma Purana 2838: 2831: 2824: 2817: 2810: 2803: 2796: 2789: 2782: 2775: 2768: 2761: 2738: 2731: 2716:s (Hinduism) 2713: 2705: 2646: 2639: 2632: 2626:Atharvaveda: 2625: 2616: 2609: 2602: 2593: 2586: 2579: 2572: 2565: 2558: 2551: 2542: 2535: 2528: 2490: 2481: 2474: 2467: 2460: 2340:Shraddhanand 2315:Ravi Shankar 2295:R. D. Ranade 2156:Śyāma Śastri 2151:Swaminarayan 2111:Rupa Goswami 2021:Morya Gosavi 1981:Jiva Goswami 1886:Adi Shankara 1712:Pratyabhijña 1678: 1671: 1664: 1657: 1650: 1643: 1636: 1443:Samavartanam 1423:Vidyāraṃbhaṃ 1408:Annaprashana 1332:Dandiya Raas 1307:Mohiniyattam 1200:Nididhyāsana 1005:Epistemology 937:Brahmacharya 817:Ātman (self) 780: 724:Brahmacharya 653:Saccidānanda 605:Panchikarana 481: 414: 405: / 401:Other major 325: 259: 258: 213: 105: 96: 86: 79: 72: 65: 53: 41:Please help 36:verification 33: 5124:Handicrafts 5103:Jhoti chita 5098:Pattachitra 5084:Handicrafts 5043:Dhalapathar 4996:Snana Jatra 4991:Sitalsasthi 4971:Ratha Jatra 4837:Dhanu Jatra 4704:Pasu nrutya 4654:Naga nrutya 4624:Jodi sankha 4589:Chutkuchuta 4569:Bagha Nacha 4433:Bhubaneswar 4407:Uttarakhand 4387:Maharashtra 4006:Bhubaneswar 3957:Piḍha deuḷa 3943:Bhubaneswar 3931:Meru Shaili 3928:Ratha Yukta 3913:Rekhā deuḷa 3906:Bhubaneswar 3898:Alasa Kanya 3878:Bhubaneswar 3830:Bhubaneswar 3817:lalatabimba 3783:Garbhagruha 3721:Scale Model 3672:Niḷa Kusāṇa 3669:Rasa Chiṇḍa 3666:Dhobā Kuṇḍa 3663:Baḍa Pagaḍa 3628:Agni Purana 3457:and Judaism 3453:and Sikhism 3421:Iconography 3346:Nationalism 3339:Persecution 3123:Shiva Stuti 3017:Yoga Sutras 2847:Agni Purana 2749:Other texts 2740:Mahabharata 2483:Atharvaveda 2380:Vivekananda 2305:Rama Tirtha 2300:Ramakrishna 2275:Nigamananda 2265:Mahesh Yogi 2141:Sripadaraja 2131:Siddheshwar 2026:Mukundarāja 2006:Madhusūdana 1996:Kanaka Dasa 1921:Chakradhara 1865:Yajnavalkya 1855:Vishvamitra 1724:Pancharatra 1622:Vaisheshika 1578:Ratha Yatra 1526:Janmashtami 1521:Rama Navami 1438:Ritushuddhi 1413:Chudakarana 1403:Nishkramana 1373:Garbhadhana 1342:Pandav Lila 1251:Bhakti yoga 1136:Prāyaścitta 907:Niti śastra 755:Bhakti yoga 734:Vānaprastha 549:Vishvakarma 482:Post-Vedic: 318:Vaishnavism 260:Traditional 139:Bhubaneswar 5247:Categories 5202:Calendar ( 5151:Stoneworks 5073:Sambalpuri 5033:Berhampuri 4926:Durga Puja 4921:Dola Jatra 4906:Bali Jatra 4832:Dasakathia 4714:Sakhi Nata 4684:Laudi nata 4674:Sambalpuri 4604:Dhan Koela 4599:Danda Nata 4402:Tamil Nadu 4334:Qutb Shahi 4246:Hemadpanti 4089:References 3813:lalitasana 3772:elevation. 3707:Seismology 3297:Varna-less 3169:Tiruppukal 3130:Vayu Stuti 3094:Panchadasi 3087:Swara yoga 2975:Kama Sutra 2914:Dhanurveda 2574:Taittiriya 2552:Yajurveda: 2544:Kaushitaki 2521:Upanishads 2513:Upanishads 2437:Scriptures 2285:Prabhupada 2201:Vidyaranya 2086:Ram Charan 2061:Prabhākara 1976:Jayatīrtha 1931:Dadu Dayal 1926:Chāngadeva 1785:Bharadwaja 1775:Ashtavakra 1541:Kumbh Mela 1489:Durga Puja 1418:Karnavedha 1398:Nāmakaraṇa 1327:Yakshagana 1256:Karma yoga 1246:Jnana yoga 1241:Hatha yoga 1178:Meditation 1151:Tirthadana 932:Aparigraha 788:Paramātman 773:Liberation 765:Karma yoga 760:Jnana yoga 489:Dattatreya 289:Traditions 214:Historical 69:newspapers 5218:Anka year 5053:Habaspuri 5021:Handlooms 4916:Deepabali 4898:Festivals 4689:Lankapodi 4664:Rasarkeli 4644:Keisabadi 4533:Classical 4448:Hyderabad 4417:Telangana 4397:Rajasthan 4377:Karnataka 4273:Dravidian 4099:(in Odia) 4023:Footnotes 4000:Example: 3985:Example: 3815:as their 3809:Gajalaxmi 3763:elephants 3634:Sthapati. 3471:Criticism 3465:and Islam 3426:Mythology 3279:Kshatriya 3211:Athichudi 3148:Tirumurai 3066:Tirumurai 2675:Vyākaraṇa 2611:Chandogya 2603:Samaveda: 2491:Divisions 2469:Yajurveda 2429:Ātmatuṣṭi 2385:Yogananda 2360:Trailanga 2355:Sivananda 2220:Aurobindo 2206:Vyasaraja 2171:Tyagaraja 2121:Sankardev 2091:Ramananda 1986:Jñāneśvar 1961:Harivansh 1946:Gaudapada 1911:Chaitanya 1850:Vashistha 1820:Patanjali 1800:Jamadagni 1719:Vaishnava 1707:Pashupata 1484:Navaratri 1461:Festivals 1428:Upanayana 1393:Jatakarma 1378:Pumsavana 1297:Kuchipudi 1292:Kathakali 1261:Rāja yoga 1195:Samādhāna 1076:Prarthana 1050:Practices 977:Svādhyāya 581:Mythology 576:Cosmology 569:Worldview 514:Kartikeya 445:Prajapati 384:Saraswati 5234:Category 5136:Tarakasi 5082:Arts and 5068:Pasapali 4856:Puppetry 4813:puppetry 4792:Khanjani 4679:Samprada 4574:Chadheia 4360:By state 4283:Chalukya 4261:Rock-cut 4256:Nilachal 4222:Shikhara 4197:Harappan 4187:Buddhist 3874:Chamunda 3711:Topology 3575:Chamunda 3484:Glossary 3416:Calendar 3351:Hindutva 3274:Brahmana 2945:samhitas 2937:Shastras 2907:Ayurveda 2898:Upavedas 2733:Ramayana 2724:Itihasas 2690:Jyotisha 2657:Vedangas 2641:Mandukya 2537:Aitareya 2529:Rigveda: 2508:Aranyaka 2503:Brahmana 2476:Samaveda 2191:Valluvar 2186:Vallabha 2166:Tulsidas 2096:Ramanuja 2046:Nayanars 2031:Namadeva 1873:Medieval 1815:Kashyapa 1731:Charvaka 1702:Kapalika 1566:Puthandu 1556:Vaisakhi 1453:Antyesti 1433:Keshanta 1357:Adimurai 1352:Silambam 1317:Sattriya 1302:Manipuri 987:Mitahara 967:Santosha 927:Achourya 739:Sannyasa 729:Gṛhastha 588:Ontology 562:Concepts 350:Trimurti 313:Smartism 308:Shaktism 303:Shaivism 177:Hinduism 169:a series 167:Part of 99:May 2013 5204:Panjika 5141:Ganjapa 5131:Chandua 4931:Nuakhai 4881:Wedding 4797:Kendara 4614:Ghumura 4609:Dhuduki 4594:Dalkhai 4541:Gotipua 4458:Lucknow 4438:Chennai 4426:By city 4372:Gujarat 4293:Kadamba 4288:Hoysala 4237:Sekhari 4227:Bhumija 4212:Kalinga 3551:Kalinga 3489:Outline 3284:Vaishya 3252:Society 3103:Stotras 2754:Puranas 2680:Nirukta 2670:Chandas 2665:Shiksha 2648:Prashna 2634:Mundaka 2498:Samhita 2462:Rigveda 2325:Samarth 2161:Tukaram 2106:Ravidas 1845:Valmiki 1795:Jaimini 1765:Angiras 1760:Agastya 1752:Ancient 1638:Advaita 1632:Vedanta 1627:Mīmāṃsā 1607:Samkhya 1494:Ramlila 1236:Sādhanā 1126:Tarpana 1111:Kīrtana 1106:Bhajana 1057:Worship 982:Shaucha 957:Akrodha 803:Saṃsāra 667:Ishvara 636:Nirguna 631:Brahman 595:Tattvas 519:Krishna 504:Hanuman 499:Ganesha 435:Chandra 430:Ashvins 394:Parvati 389:Lakshmi 376:Tridevi 342:Deities 249:Śramaṇa 229:History 210:Origins 200:History 83:scholar 5166:Dhokra 5113:Idital 5058:Kotpad 4802:Dhumpa 4787:Odissi 4760:Paraja 4745:Kandha 4740:Gadaba 4728:Tribal 4719:Suanga 4699:Tamasa 4669:Ranapa 4649:Nachni 4619:Jhumar 4551:Odissi 4546:Mahari 4463:Mumbai 4453:Jaipur 4392:Odisha 4382:Kerala 4367:Bengal 4329:Sharqi 4322:Akbari 4317:Mughal 4251:Meitei 4232:Latina 4207:Nagara 4170:Bengal 4074:  3991:Konark 3882:Odisha 3838:Konark 3836:& 3801:Odisha 3715:Odisha 3657:Sahaṇa 3563:Vishnu 3559:Odisha 3289:Shudra 3107:stutis 2943:, and 2941:sutras 2595:Maitri 2320:Ramdas 2213:Modern 2146:Surdas 2011:Madhva 1936:Eknath 1906:Basava 1901:Alvars 1835:Raikva 1825:Pāṇini 1810:Kapila 1805:Kanada 1790:Gotama 1697:Shaiva 1645:Dvaita 1546:Pongal 1469:Diwali 1448:Vivaha 1312:Odissi 1287:Kathak 1226:Yogini 1190:Dhyana 1141:Tirtha 1096:Bhakti 1086:Temple 1081:Śrauta 962:Arjava 922:Ahimsa 917:Niyama 900:Ethics 708:Moksha 693:Dharma 641:Saguna 539:Shakti 524:Kubera 470:Varuna 450:Pushan 363:Vishnu 358:Brahma 195:Hindus 158:Odisha 85:  78:  71:  64:  56:  5191:Deula 4842:Jatra 4779:Music 4765:Saura 4735:Desia 4709:Patua 4629:Karma 4584:Chhau 4525:Dance 4443:Delhi 4192:Dzong 4180:Ratna 4175:Chala 4165:Assam 4153:Types 3795:Deula 3789:Deuḷa 3756:Sanku 3611:time. 3590:Sakta 3579:Durga 3571:Shiva 3567:Surya 3555:Utkal 3306:Dalit 3259:Varna 3176:Kural 2714:Agama 2685:Kalpa 2581:Katha 2453:Vedas 2424:Ācāra 2419:Smṛti 2414:Śruti 2398:Texts 1991:Kabir 1860:Vyasa 1770:Aruni 1617:Nyaya 1571:Vishu 1551:Ugadi 1231:Asana 1216:Sadhu 1185:Tapas 1156:Matha 1146:Yatra 1131:Vrata 1116:Yajna 1091:Murti 972:Tapas 947:Damah 942:Satya 912:Yamas 798:Karma 698:Artha 615:Guṇas 529:Radha 494:Durga 465:Ushas 460:Surya 455:Rudra 440:Indra 416:Vedic 407:Devis 403:Devas 368:Shiva 90:JSTOR 76:books 5146:Clay 5091:Arts 5063:Ikat 4976:Raja 4755:Onra 4750:Koya 4694:Lila 4659:Pala 4561:Folk 4351:Sikh 4346:Jain 4072:ISBN 3951:Puri 3834:Puri 3577:and 3569:and 3541:The 3320:Jāti 3105:and 2618:Kena 2567:Isha 1780:Atri 1612:Yoga 1561:Bihu 1531:Onam 1474:Holi 1274:Arts 1221:Yogi 1208:Yoga 1171:Sevā 1166:Dāna 1121:Homa 1101:Japa 1071:Ārtī 1066:Puja 992:Dāna 952:Dayā 810:Mind 793:Maya 703:Kama 544:Sita 534:Rama 509:Kali 475:Vayu 425:Agni 327:List 154:Puri 133:The 62:news 4064:doi 3945:), 3900:at 3811:in 660:God 156:in 45:by 5249:: 4070:. 4039:. 4004:, 3989:, 3953:) 3904:, 3880:, 3876:, 3832:, 3717:. 3709:, 3705:, 3626:, 3622:, 3618:, 3565:, 2939:, 648:Om 171:on 5206:) 4510:e 4503:t 4496:v 4138:e 4131:t 4124:v 4080:. 4066:: 3949:( 3941:( 3884:. 3765:. 3758:. 3530:e 3523:t 3516:v 3299:: 418:: 160:. 112:) 106:( 101:) 97:( 87:· 80:· 73:· 66:· 39:.

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Lingaraja Temple
Bhubaneswar

The Jagannath Temple
Puri
Odisha
a series
Hinduism

Hindus
History
Hindu synthesis
History
Indus Valley Civilisation
Historical Vedic religion
Dravidian folk religion
Śramaṇa

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