175:, as a variant of his name, Pin-Kammamma, "child Kammamma" or "son Kammamma", is likely to designate him as a similar youthful vegetation god. He argues that the possible etymological connection between the names of Kammamma and Ammamma likely reflects a shared connection with wild nature.
197:. However, Piotr Taracha stresses that it cannot necessarily be assumed that his symbolic animal was a deer, despite the proposals that it was universally associated with Hittite tutelary deities.
266:
and the sun goddess of Arinna, which according to Piotr
Taracha likely reflects the importance of his cult center, which might have served as a temporary royal residence during the reign of
277:
are known. Piotr
Taracha suggests it referred to a memorial to a deceased member of the royal family protected by a specific deity. Similar houses of worship are also attested for
262:, Kammamma attained a degree of importance in the state pantheon. He sometimes appears in enumerations of deities immediately after the heads of the pantheon,
223:, could be in some cases translated into Hattic as Kattelikammamma, "the king's Kammamma". This reflected a broader phenomenon of inventing Hattic names for
319:
182:". In some cases his name could be represented by the logogram LAMMA, which was also used to write names of various members of this category, such as
247:. His cult center was most likely the homophonous city, where he was presumably regarded as the head of the local pantheon. He was also worshiped in
178:
Carlo Corti, relying on the fact
Kammamma's name is identical with that of a city, concludes this deity belonged to "the category of tutelary local
308:
297:
157:
146:
288:, which is presumed to reflect Hattian influence on their culture. In Palaic rituals he appears as a member of a group which also included
171:(Mamma), and translates it as "high Mamma". However, he concluded Kammamma was regarded as a male deity whose character was comparable to
614:
95:) and might have been associated with vegetation. He attained a degree of importance in the Hittite state pantheon in the
232:
668:
119:
origin. It is identical with the name of a Bronze Age city located in northern
Anatolia, though they were written in
251:. In rituals presumed to reflect Hattian tradition, he received offerings as a member of the circle of the
697:
692:
687:
707:
252:
219:
REX), which had Luwian origin and was used to designate the personal protective deity of the
104:
702:
172:
8:
302:
205:
609:. Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section 1: The Near and Middle East (in German). Brill.
582:
574:
324:
664:
647:
610:
586:
566:
120:
663:. Dresdner Beiträge zur Hethitologie. Vol. 27. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag.
639:
558:
228:
224:
162:
135:
630:
Popko, Maciej (2007). "Zur luwischen
Komponente in den Religionen Altanatoliens".
604:
293:
285:
191:
187:
151:
116:
99:, and in some cases he is listed in hierarchically arranged lists directly after
84:
56:
643:
562:
313:
259:
96:
681:
651:
570:
124:
600:
263:
220:
142:
100:
578:
546:
267:
547:"Along the Road to Nerik: Local Panthea of Hittite Northern Anatolia"
68:
244:
80:
76:
52:
48:
167:
notes that the name is most likely related to that of the goddess
289:
194:
168:
92:
248:
235:
pair with the Hattic names Yaḫšul-Ištarazzil ("heaven-earth").
183:
129:
88:
38:
278:
273:
References to a sanctuary of
Kammamma designated by the term
201:
179:
557:(1). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht (GmbH & Co. KG): 24–71.
281:
and an unspecified deity designated by the logogram LAMMA.
498:
488:
486:
522:
447:
413:
411:
409:
407:
350:
348:
346:
344:
342:
483:
394:
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365:
363:
435:
423:
404:
339:
510:
471:
459:
387:
375:
360:
227:and Luwian deities and concepts incorporated into
679:
145:considered Kammamma a mother goddess. However,
231:, as also reflected in referring to Hurrian
243:Kammamma was chiefly worshiped in northern
661:Religions of Second Millennium Anatolia
658:
504:
492:
453:
441:
429:
417:
354:
680:
629:
544:
398:
369:
110:
606:Geschichte der hethitischen Religion
599:
528:
516:
477:
465:
381:
284:Kammamma was also worshiped by the
13:
14:
719:
87:. He belonged to the category of
538:
200:The term Ḫaššuwa Innara (LAMMA.
156:refers to him as a male deity.
1:
332:
632:Altorientalische Forschungen
107:, the main Hittite deities.
7:
10:
724:
644:10.1524/aofo.2007.34.12.63
563:10.13109/wdor.2018.48.1.24
238:
115:The theonym Kammamma has
44:
33:
26:
21:
659:Taracha, Piotr (2009).
545:Corti, Carlo (2018).
253:sun goddess of Arinna
105:sun goddess of Arinna
551:Die Welt des Orients
531:, pp. 438–439.
507:, pp. 165–166.
206:hieroglyphic Luwian
260:Old Hittite period
111:Name and character
97:Old Hittite period
616:978-90-04-29394-6
456:, pp. 95–96.
79:god worshiped by
62:
61:
34:Major cult center
715:
698:Palaic mythology
674:
655:
626:
624:
623:
596:
594:
593:
532:
526:
520:
514:
508:
502:
496:
490:
481:
475:
469:
463:
457:
451:
445:
439:
433:
427:
421:
415:
402:
396:
385:
379:
373:
367:
358:
352:
328:
317:
306:
233:Earth and Heaven
229:Hittite religion
166:
155:
89:tutelary deities
19:
18:
723:
722:
718:
717:
716:
714:
713:
712:
693:Hittite deities
688:Hattian deities
678:
677:
671:
621:
619:
617:
591:
589:
541:
536:
535:
527:
523:
515:
511:
503:
499:
491:
484:
476:
472:
464:
460:
452:
448:
440:
436:
428:
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405:
397:
388:
380:
376:
368:
361:
353:
340:
335:
322:
311:
300:
241:
211:
160:
149:
127:, respectively
123:with different
113:
29:
17:
12:
11:
5:
721:
711:
710:
705:
700:
695:
690:
676:
675:
670:978-3447058858
669:
656:
627:
615:
597:
540:
537:
534:
533:
521:
519:, p. 611.
509:
497:
495:, p. 166.
482:
480:, p. 426.
470:
468:, p. 586.
458:
446:
434:
422:
403:
386:
384:, p. 475.
374:
359:
337:
336:
334:
331:
240:
237:
209:
125:determinatives
112:
109:
60:
59:
46:
42:
41:
35:
31:
30:
27:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
720:
709:
708:Tutelary gods
706:
704:
701:
699:
696:
694:
691:
689:
686:
685:
683:
672:
666:
662:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
634:(in German).
633:
628:
618:
612:
608:
607:
602:
601:Haas, Volkert
598:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
543:
542:
530:
525:
518:
513:
506:
501:
494:
489:
487:
479:
474:
467:
462:
455:
450:
444:, p. 96.
443:
438:
432:, p. 84.
431:
426:
420:, p. 57.
419:
414:
412:
410:
408:
401:, p. 67.
400:
395:
393:
391:
383:
378:
372:, p. 43.
371:
366:
364:
357:, p. 46.
356:
351:
349:
347:
345:
343:
338:
330:
326:
321:
320:Uliliyantikeš
315:
310:
304:
299:
295:
291:
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282:
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276:
271:
269:
265:
261:
256:
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222:
218:
214:
207:
203:
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185:
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176:
174:
170:
164:
159:
158:Piotr Taracha
153:
148:
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140:
138:
137:
132:
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126:
122:
118:
108:
106:
102:
98:
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70:
66:
58:
54:
50:
47:
43:
40:
36:
32:
25:
20:
660:
635:
631:
620:. Retrieved
605:
590:. Retrieved
554:
550:
539:Bibliography
524:
512:
505:Taracha 2009
500:
493:Taracha 2009
473:
461:
454:Taracha 2009
449:
442:Taracha 2009
437:
430:Taracha 2009
425:
418:Taracha 2009
377:
355:Taracha 2009
283:
274:
272:
258:In the late
257:
242:
221:Hittite king
216:
212:
199:
177:
147:Maciej Popko
143:Volkert Haas
141:
134:
128:
114:
72:
64:
63:
28:Tutelary god
703:Nature gods
323: [
312: [
309:Gulzannikeš
301: [
294:Kataḫzipuri
215:REX or DEUS
161: [
150: [
16:Hittite god
682:Categories
622:2024-01-11
592:2024-01-11
399:Popko 2007
370:Corti 2018
333:References
268:Hantili II
37:Kammamma,
652:2196-6761
587:134880821
571:0043-2547
529:Haas 1994
517:Haas 1994
478:Haas 1994
466:Haas 1994
382:Haas 1994
298:Ḫilanzipa
121:cuneiform
69:romanized
45:Adherents
603:(1994).
579:26551707
286:Palaians
264:Tarhunna
245:Anatolia
173:Telipinu
103:and the
101:Tarḫunna
85:Palaians
81:Hittites
75:) was a
65:Kammamma
57:Palaians
53:Hittites
49:Hattians
22:Kammamma
638:(1–2).
290:Ziparwa
239:Worship
225:Hurrian
195:Runtiya
169:Ammamma
77:Hattian
667:
650:
613:
585:
577:
569:
249:Arinna
208:CERVUS
192:Luwian
184:Innara
180:numens
130:dingir
117:Hattic
73:Kamama
67:(also
39:Arinna
583:S2CID
575:JSTOR
327:]
316:]
305:]
279:Pirwa
275:ḫekur
202:LUGAL
165:]
154:]
93:LAMMA
665:ISBN
648:ISSN
611:ISBN
567:ISSN
318:and
190:and
188:Inar
133:and
83:and
640:doi
559:doi
329:.
217:-ti
213:-ti
136:uru
71:as
684::
646:.
636:34
581:.
573:.
565:.
555:48
553:.
549:.
485:^
406:^
389:^
362:^
341:^
325:de
314:de
307:,
303:de
296:,
292:,
270:.
255:.
204:,
186:,
163:de
152:pl
139:.
55:,
51:,
673:.
654:.
642::
625:.
595:.
561::
210:3
91:(
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