1022:
evidence leaves no doubt that they were Greek. The term "barbarian" may have denoted not only clearly non-Greek populations, but also Greek populations on the fringe of the Greek world with peculiar dialects. The ancient historians and geographers did not follow the scientific methods of modern linguists, who record in detail the speech of the groups they study; their information was based, more rarely on personal experiences, and mostly on the impressions of each of their informants, who as a rule, had neither philological training nor particularly linguistic interests. A far more reliable source on the views of the Greeks is the list of sacred envoys (
882:
67:
976:) and other Greek myths strongly connected Epirus with the rest of Greece and these stories prevented any serious debate about the Greekness of the Epirotes, including the Molossians. The language they spoke was regarded as a primitive Northwestern Greek dialect, but there was no question that it was Greek. The way of life in Epirus was more archaic than that in the Corinthian and Corcyrean colonies on the coast, but there was never a discussion about their Greekness.
723:
5004:
5014:
5024:
1444:: "Epirus was a land of milk and animal products The social unit was a small tribe, consisting of several nomadic or semi-nomadic groups, and these tribes, of which more than seventy names are known, coalesced into large tribal coalitions, three in number: Thesprotians, Molossians and Chaonians We know from the discovery of inscriptions that these tribes were speaking the Greek language (in a West-Greek dialect)."
846:, the political center of the Chaonians. The reasons for the swift fall of the Aeacid dynasty were probably complex. Aetolian pressure must have played a part, and the alliance with Macedonia may have been unpopular; in addition, there were perhaps social tensions. However, Epirus remained a substantial power, unified under the auspices of the Epirote League as a federal state with its own parliament (or
815:
1368:, pp. 507–508: "'They relate', says Plutarch in introducing Pyrrhus, 'that Tharyps was the first to become renowned, as he organized the states on a system of Greek customs, and rules and regulations of a humane kind' (Θαρρύπαν πρῶτον ἱστοροῦσιν Ἑλληνικοῖς ἔθεσι καὶ γράμμασι καὶ νόμοις φιλανθρώποις διακοσμήσαντα τὰς πόλεις ὀνομαστὸν γενέσθαι. (Plu. Ρ. 1)).
789:, Sicily. This prompted the rest of the Carthaginian-controlled cities to defect to Pyrrhus. Meanwhile, he had begun to display despotic behavior towards the Sicilian Greeks and soon Sicilian opinion became inflamed against him. Though he defeated the Carthaginians in battle, he was forced to abandon Sicily.
969:
argues that the principal social structure of the
Epirotes was the tribe and that they spoke a West-Greek dialect. Tom Winnifrith (1983) argues that the Epirotes became culturally more closely connected to the rest of the Greek world during the centuries that preceded the Roman conquest of the region
1726:
It is equally incontestable that the
Epirote tribes practised the same religion as the other Greeks. The supreme god of the Epirotes was Zeus and his sanctuary at Dodona attracted believers from all over the Greek world. Foreign deities are not attested...The most convincing proof, however, that the
730:
In 330 BC, upon
Alexander the Molossian's death, the term "Epirus" appears as a single political unit in the ancient Greek records for the first time, under the leadership of the Molossian dynasty. Subsequently, the coinages of the three major Epirote tribal groups came to an end, and a new coinage
1021:
interprets the vague, and sometimes even antithetical, comments of
Thucydides on the Epirotes as implying that they were neither completely "barbarian" nor completely Greek, but akin to the latter. Notably, Thucydides had similar views of the neighboring Aetolians and Acarnians, even though the
581:(circa 1100–1000 BC), though the reasons for their migration are obscure. The region's original inhabitants were driven southward into the Greek mainland by the invasion and by the early 1st millennium BC three principal clusters of Greek-speaking tribes emerged in Epirus. These were the
1727:
Epirotes belonged firmly within the religious body of Greece, is provided by the catalogue of thearodokoi listing Greek cities and tribes to which the major hellenic sanctuaries sent theoroi to... only Greeks were allowed to, participate in the pan-Hellenic games and festivals
1182:, p. 527: "Epirus itself remained culturally backward during this time, but Mycenean remains have been found at two religious shrines of great antiquity in the region: the Oracle of the Dead on the Acheron River, familiar to the heroes of Homer's Odyssey."
534:
peoples. Due to these ritualistic similarities, an ancestral link may exist between the
Epirotes and the Mycenaeans. A number of Mycenaean remains have also been found in Epirus at the most important ancient religious sites in the region, including at the
913:
area contested with the
Illyrian peoples of the Adriatic coast and interior. However, Epirus had a far greater religious significance than might have been expected given its geographical remoteness, due to the presence of the shrine and oracle at
628:
in the 6th century BC and is one of the few Greek names from the view of an external observer with a maritime-geographical perspective. Although not originally a native
Epirote name, it later came to be adopted by the inhabitants of the area.
1372:... It is probable that Tharyps was responsible for the kind of written rules and regulations which we find in the earliest known decrees of the Molossian state in 370–368 B.C. But the institutions were, of course, much earlier in origin."
970:(3rd-2nd century BC), while hellenisation process continued even after the conquest. As such their rulers claimed Greek descent. Old genealogical links through the stories about the return voyages of the Greek heroes from Troy (
644:
dynasty managed to create the first centralized state in Epirus from about 370 BC onwards, expanding their power at the expense of rival tribes. The
Aeacids allied themselves with the increasingly powerful kingdom of
930:
was the first in his dynasty to become renowned, as he organized his cities on a system of Greek customs, rules and regulations. He was probably responsible for the earliest known decrees of the
Molossian state in
766:(280 BC). Subsequently, Pyrrhus's forces nearly reached the outskirts of Rome, but had to retreat to avoid an unequal conflict with a more numerous Roman army. The following year, Pyrrhus invaded
796:(275 BC). Having lost the vast majority of his army, he decided to return to Epirus, which finally resulted in the loss of all his Italian holdings. Because of his costly victories, the term "
5853:
1411:
5843:
5740:
935:
BC, during the reign of his grandson
Neoptolemus I; though, the institutions originated much earlier, and the dialect in which they are written is not, as was believed, the
889:
In antiquity, Epirus was settled by the same nomadic Hellenic tribes that went on to settle the rest of Greece. Unlike most other Greeks of the time, who lived in or around
1929:
Hammond, Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière (1994). "CHAPTER 9d. ILLYRIANS AND NORTH-WEST GREEKS". In Lewis, David Malcolm; Boardman, John; Hornblower, Simon; Ostwald, M. (eds.).
1741:, p. 77: "The original home of the Hellenes was 'Hellas', the area round Dodona in Epirus, according to Aristotle. In the Iliad it was the home of Achilles' Hellenes."
378:
353:
339:
325:
830:, was murdered. Her death brought the Epirote royal family to an abrupt extinction and a federal republic was set up, though with diminished territory, since western
1034:, which includes the Epirotes. The list which was compiled in 360 BC includes the sacred envoys (members of the ruling family of each tribe or subtribe) of the
2108:
Walbank, Frank William (1984) . "CHAPTER 12 MACEDONIA AND THE GREEK LEAGUES". In Walbank, F. W.; Astin, A. E.; Frederiksen, M. W.; Ogilvie, R. M. (eds.).
1093:, he states that Achilles "had a divine status in Epirus and in the local dialect he was called Aspetos" (meaning "unspeakable" or "unspeakably great" in
1971:
Hammond, Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière (1982). "CHAPTER 40 ILLYRIS, EPIRUS AND MACEDONIA". In Boardman, John; Hammond, Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière (eds.).
1766:, p. 141: "As for Aspetos, Achilles was honored at Epirus under that name, and the patronymic σπετίδης is found in a fragmentary poem found on papyrus."
2151:
1065:
found in the land of the Molossians attracted pilgrims from all over the Greek world. As with the rest of the Epirotes they were included in the
493:
is known to have made Epirus a powerful state in the Greek realm (during 280–275 BC) that was comparable to the likes of Ancient Macedonia and
5427:
5060:
1417:
497:. Pyrrhus' armies also attempted an assault against the state of Ancient Rome during their unsuccessful campaign in what is now modern-day
3751:
873:
siding with Rome. The outcome was disastrous for Epirus; Molossia fell to Rome in 167 BC and 150,000 of its inhabitants were enslaved.
1887:
Franke, P. R. (1989). "CHAPTER 10 PYRRHUS". In Astin, A. E.; Walbank, F. W.; Frederiksen, M. W.; Ogilvie, R. M.; Drummond, A. (eds.).
1542:
1866:
Filos, Panagiotis (2018). "The Dialectal Variety of Epirus". In Giannakis, Georgios K.; Crespo, Emilio; Filos, Panagiotis (eds.).
5683:
5575:
5436:
5270:
1683:
Davies, J. K. (2002). "A Wholly Non-Aristotelian Universe: The Molossians as Ethnos, State, and Monarchy". In Roger Brock (ed.).
1053:
In terms of religion they worshiped the same gods as the rest of the Greeks. No traces of non-Greek deities were found until the
909:
of southern Greeks. Their region lay on the edge of the Greek world and was far from peaceful; for many centuries, it remained a
1613:
5730:
5444:
5250:
5214:
2119:
2056:
2035:
1877:
1814:
1793:
1522:
1492:
1430:
Epigraphic and ancient literary evidence indicates that the Epirotes spoke a form of West Greek, a dialect of ancient Greek.
959:, different from the Dorian of the Greek colonies on the Ionian islands, and bearers of mostly Greek names, as evidenced by
5863:
3139:
5769:
2144:
1559:
3761:
3451:
3144:
3078:
3149:
3124:
2098:
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1982:
1961:
1940:
1919:
1898:
1856:
1835:
1719:
17:
5816:
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5420:
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3707:
3134:
3129:
1106:
1005:
5838:
3601:
3461:
3456:
2733:
688:
crossed into Asia, Alexander the Molossian led an expedition in southern Italy in support of the Greek cities of
4985:
3626:
3040:
2137:
1694:
1465:
518:
times by seafarers (along the coast) and by hunters and shepherds (in the interior) who brought with them the
5474:
4980:
4537:
4030:
3546:
3466:
3164:
2874:
793:
4953:
3482:
2936:
966:
5873:
5868:
5799:
5413:
5325:
5295:
5219:
5196:
5046:
4008:
3616:
3492:
3154:
3108:
3063:
2839:
2528:
552:
482:
4547:
5280:
4669:
4542:
3675:
3670:
3646:
3556:
3073:
2171:
984:
551:. It is also known that Epirus had strong contact with other Ancient Greek regions, including those of
371:
5774:
5757:
5499:
5138:
5027:
4970:
3926:
3729:
3714:
3636:
3571:
2891:
2786:
2260:
2194:
2011:
1634:
750:
came to the throne in 295 BC. Pyrrhus, being a skillful general, was encouraged to aid the Greeks of
3538:
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1593:
66:
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5750:
5703:
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3174:
1998:
Epirus: The geography, the ancient remains, the history and topography of Epirus and adjacent areas
1111:
693:
536:
943:
dialect with several distinctive features, so as to rule out the case of it having been borrowed.
5858:
5789:
5688:
5479:
5459:
5148:
5100:
5007:
4131:
3931:
3916:
3719:
3702:
3682:
3651:
3551:
3487:
3103:
3088:
3058:
3019:
2896:
2748:
2250:
2002:
717:
146:
5794:
5666:
5565:
5373:
5355:
5330:
5189:
4965:
3968:
3739:
3697:
3631:
3596:
3048:
3032:
2728:
2669:
2518:
1977:
Vol. III, Part 3 (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 261–285.
1974:
The Cambridge Ancient History: The Expansion of the Greek World, Eighth to Sixth Centuries B.C.
1023:
988:
116:
5779:
5693:
5671:
5661:
5558:
5548:
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5484:
5377:
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5319:
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5017:
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4236:
4226:
4211:
3901:
3641:
3611:
3566:
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3192:
3159:
2961:
2866:
2852:
2508:
2379:
2343:
2021:
1455:
992:
857:, which fought a series of wars with Macedonia. The League remained neutral in the first two
827:
670:
2010:
Hatzopoulos, Miltiades B. (1997). "Τα όρια του ελληνισμού στην Ήπειρο κατά την αρχαιότητα".
995:, describe the Epirotes as Greeks. On the other hand, the 5th century BC Athenian historian
5651:
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5315:
5307:
5242:
5095:
4489:
4483:
4469:
3953:
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1686:
Alternatives to Athens: Varieties of Political Organization and Community in Ancient Greece
1142:
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662:
625:
277:
8:
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2620:
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666:
227:
1057:(with the introduction of oriental deities in the Greek world). Their supreme deity was
5632:
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4734:
4640:
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4201:
4089:
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3415:
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2639:
2523:
2318:
2245:
1054:
763:
751:
736:
705:
606:
1935:
Vol. VI (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 422–443.
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2538:
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2052:
2031:
1978:
1957:
1936:
1915:
1894:
1873:
1852:
1831:
1810:
1789:
1715:
1690:
1610:
1518:
1488:
1461:
1416:(PhD). University of California at Berkeley, University of Cincinnati. Archived from
1090:
1070:
771:
762:. Due to its superior martial abilities, the Epirote army defeated the Romans in the
755:
747:
658:
578:
498:
490:
201:
177:
936:
5745:
5656:
5580:
5521:
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5275:
5204:
5120:
5105:
4842:
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4339:
4156:
4013:
3891:
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3773:
3098:
3053:
2884:
2791:
2407:
2240:
2225:
2215:
1992:
1018:
531:
478:
400:
135:
2114:. Vol. VII, Part 1. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 446–481.
2069:
Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: Ethnic and National Groups around the World
1893:. Vol. VII, Part 2. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 456–485.
1085:
mentions an interesting cultural element of the Epirotes regarding the Greek hero
1073:
and festivals. Aristotle considered the region around Dodona to have been part of
881:
822:(left) and a lightning bolt with the word "ΑΠΕΙΡΩΤΑΝ" , "of the Epirotes" (right).
5848:
5762:
5600:
5538:
5526:
5516:
5303:
5184:
4857:
4615:
4403:
4216:
3958:
3824:
3756:
3083:
2681:
2663:
2657:
2571:
2548:
2422:
2333:
2293:
2230:
2109:
2088:
2067:
2046:
2025:
1996:
1972:
1951:
1930:
1909:
1888:
1867:
1846:
1825:
1804:
1781:
1684:
1617:
1512:
1482:
952:
858:
797:
775:
574:
474:
296:
28:
4882:
4595:
5709:
5612:
5585:
5285:
5173:
5168:
5077:
4739:
4679:
4674:
4630:
4411:
4359:
4349:
4329:
4319:
4063:
4058:
4053:
2906:
2705:
2699:
2687:
2487:
2462:
2235:
2160:
1074:
951:
At least since classical antiquity, the Epirotes were speakers of an epichoric
926:
writes a story that was related to him, according to which, the Molossian king
854:
839:
809:
701:
697:
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462:
273:
213:
189:
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2753:
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2601:
2563:
2402:
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1576:
1094:
956:
786:
700:. After some successes on the battlefield, he was defeated by a coalition of
689:
430:
106:
853:
In the following years, Epirus faced the growing threat of the expansionist
5715:
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494:
344:
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3983:
3906:
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3410:
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890:
835:
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250:
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3257:
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3232:
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3207:
3182:
2558:
2313:
2268:
1869:
Studies in Ancient Greek Dialects: From Central Greece to the Black Sea
1035:
1000:
996:
927:
722:
586:
527:
330:
885:
Political structure of the ancient Greek world (8th–5th centuries BC).
865:(171–168 BC), with the Molossians siding with the Macedonians and the
5405:
5038:
4724:
4650:
4635:
4605:
4600:
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3405:
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3330:
3325:
3295:
3242:
3202:
2981:
2847:
2801:
2781:
2412:
2283:
1069:
catalogues where only Greeks were allowed in order to participate in
1043:
1031:
980:
960:
905:
lived in small villages and their way of life was foreign to that of
866:
831:
792:
Pyrrhus's Italian campaign came to an end following the inconclusive
740:
650:
638:
582:
564:
515:
486:
469:, in parts of north-western Greece and southern Albania. Home to the
456:
440:
358:
50:
1788:. Oxford, Chichester, & Malden: Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 3–20.
1229:
4774:
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3340:
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3222:
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3068:
2966:
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2829:
2437:
1086:
1082:
1078:
923:
910:
902:
843:
800:" is often used for a victory with devastating cost to the victor.
782:
654:
641:
624:), meaning "mainland" or "continent", first appears in the work of
609:), thus there was no single name for the entire region originally.
602:
556:
465:
kingdom, and later republic, located in the geographical region of
165:
129:
92:
86:
80:
4527:
1321:
1319:
834:
had asserted its independence, and the Aetolians seized Ambracia,
4917:
4907:
4852:
4847:
4832:
4822:
4807:
4802:
4689:
4577:
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1709:
1066:
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598:
571:
560:
540:
4862:
4176:
1710:
Hatzopoulos, M. B.; Sakellariou, M.; Loukopoulou, L. D. (1997).
826:
In 233 BC, the last surviving member of the Aeacid royal house,
4887:
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894:
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466:
2090:
Prehistory and History: Ethnicity, Class and Political Economy
1782:"Why Study Ancient Macedonia and What This Companion is About"
814:
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2776:
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2369:
2308:
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1712:
Epirus, Four Thousand Years of Greek History and Civilization
1510:
906:
450:
434:
44:
2051:(15th ed.). Chicago, IL: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
739:, who succeeded him, espoused the cause of Olympias against
5854:
States and territories disestablished in the 2nd century BC
4902:
4877:
4827:
4314:
4304:
1230:"Liatovouni: a Molossian cemetery and settlement in Epirus"
1058:
819:
544:
526:(mounds of earth that were raised over a grave) containing
418:
412:
1872:. Berlin and Boston: Walter de Gruyter. pp. 215–248.
239:• Epirote tribes established united political entity
1890:
The Cambridge Ancient History: The Rise of Rome to 220 BC
1506:
1504:
403:
5844:
States and territories established in the 4th century BC
522:. These neolithic peoples buried their leaders in large
918:– regarded as second only to the more famous oracle at
842:. The new Epirote capital was therefore established at
2093:. Montréal, Québec, Canada: Black Rose Books Limited.
2013:Ήπειρος: 4000 χρόνια ελληνικής ιστορίας και πολιτισμού
1932:
The Cambridge Ancient History: The Fourth Century B.C.
1501:
1413:
Excavations of the Roman Forum at Butrint (2004-2007)
1227:
421:
2111:
The Cambridge Ancient History: The Hellenistic World
593:
in the south. The region inhabited by each of these
415:
409:
677:of Macedon, succeeded to the throne with the title
632:
406:
1827:In the Shadow of Olympus: The Emergence of Macedon
1480:
1481:Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian (7 July 2011).
754:and decided to initiate a major offensive in the
711:
665:(r. 359–336 BC). She was to become the mother of
5830:
1851:. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press.
1234:Jahrbuch des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts
1228:Douzougli, Angelika; Papadopoulos, John (2010).
2365:
1784:. In Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian (eds.).
1511:Joseph Roisman; Ian Worthington (7 July 2011).
2016:(in Greek). Εκδοτική Αθηνών. pp. 140–145.
803:
5421:
5054:
2145:
1950:Hammond, Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière (1986).
1908:Hammond, Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière (1998).
1830:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
5805:Wars of the fall of the Western Roman Empire
1806:Tabula Imperii Romani: J 34 - Athens: Epirus
1137:
1135:
1133:
1131:
653:raids, and in 359 BC the Molossian princess
577:from Epirus and Macedonia at the end of the
2009:
1658:
1381:
5428:
5414:
5061:
5047:
3031:
2152:
2138:
1802:
1453:
65:
1517:. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 83–84.
1487:. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 83–84.
1409:
1128:
1689:. Oxford University Press. p. 247.
880:
813:
726:Campaigns of Pyrrhus of Epirus in Italy.
721:
514:Epirus has been occupied since at least
5576:Roman conquest of the Iberian Peninsula
2107:
2065:
2044:
2020:
1991:
1970:
1949:
1928:
1907:
1844:
1763:
1738:
1441:
1435:
1393:
1365:
1353:
1341:
1325:
1274:
1262:
1215:
1179:
770:(279 BC) and the two armies met in the
649:, in part against the common threat of
14:
5831:
5435:
5068:
4085:
1886:
1714:. Ekdotike Athenon. pp. 140–141.
1682:
1310:
1298:
1286:
838:, and the remaining land north of the
818:Coin of the Epirote League, depicting
5409:
5042:
4942:
4084:
3513:
3017:
2364:
2184:
2133:
2086:
1865:
1823:
1779:
1670:
1646:
1397:
1337:
1250:
1203:
1191:
1167:
774:where the Epirotes won the eponymous
27:For the modern region in Greece, see
5684:Julius Caesar's invasions of Britain
5271:Pyrrhus' invasion of the Peloponnese
4553:Illicitanus Limin/Portus Illicitanus
2185:
1848:Greek Mythography in the Roman World
1607:The History of the Peloponnesian War
489:tribes to the north. The Greek king
24:
5251:Antigonid–Nabataean confrontations
3514:
2159:
1209:
939:of the Corinthian colonies, but a
25:
5885:
2072:. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
5817:Military history of ancient Rome
5022:
5012:
5003:
5002:
2027:Ancient Languages of the Balkans
1786:A Companion to Ancient Macedonia
1592:(Historiae Romanae Breviarium),
1514:A Companion to Ancient Macedonia
1484:A Companion to Ancient Macedonia
1107:List of cities in ancient Epirus
1006:History of the Peloponnesian War
781:In 277 BC, Pyrrhus captured the
633:Molossian expansion (470–330 BC)
473:, the state was bordered by the
399:
376:
351:
337:
323:
5800:Civil wars of the Third Century
5023:
2048:The New Encyclopædia Britannica
1757:
1744:
1732:
1703:
1676:
1664:
1652:
1640:
1623:
1599:
1582:
1565:
1548:
1531:
1474:
1447:
1403:
1387:
1375:
1359:
1347:
1331:
1304:
1292:
1280:
1268:
876:
743:, but was dethroned in 313 BC.
1953:A History of Greece to 322 B.C
1256:
1244:
1221:
1197:
1185:
1173:
1161:
1149:. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc
712:Kingdom of Epirus (330–231 BC)
34:Former state in Ancient Greece
13:
1:
2624:
2611:
2592:
2575:
1809:. Athens: Academy of Athens.
1117:
735:. After Alexander's I death,
509:
3752:Funeral and burial practices
2937:Military of Mycenaean Greece
1554:Dionysius of Halicarnassus.
1122:
585:of northwestern Epirus, the
543:river) and at the Oracle of
457:
441:
51:
7:
5864:Kingdoms in Greek Antiquity
5220:Wars of Alexander the Great
1956:. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
1590:Abridgment of Roman History
1100:
1089:. In his biography of King
804:Epirote League (231–167 BC)
731:was issued with the legend
669:. On the death of Arybbas,
10:
5890:
3676:Greek Revival architecture
3018:
1803:Antoniadis, Vyron (2016).
1772:
1027:
985:Dionysius of Halicarnassus
946:
807:
715:
504:
451:
435:
372:Macedonia (Roman province)
262:• Monarchy abolished
251:Pyrrhus' campaign in Italy
45:
26:
5813:
5758:Roman conquest of Britain
5729:
5443:
5392:
5228:
5139:Wars of the Delian League
5119:
5076:
4998:
4949:
4943:
4938:
4783:
4660:
4649:
4576:
4498:
4455:
4402:
4260:
4112:
4103:
4099:
4080:
4029:
3944:
3882:
3844:
3837:
3787:
3747:
3738:
3660:
3537:
3533:
3509:
3475:
3444:
3286:
3173:
3117:
3084:Attalid kings of Pergamon
3039:
3030:
3026:
3013:
2892:Antigonid Macedonian army
2865:
2838:
2810:
2767:
2724:
2715:
2557:
2496:
2393:
2389:
2360:
2259:
2208:
2204:
2180:
2167:
1824:Borza, Eugene N. (1992).
1780:Anson, Edward M. (2010).
1410:Hernandez, David (2010).
1077:and the region where the
621:
530:similar to those made by
302:
291:
287:
270:
260:
247:
237:
233:
223:
219:
207:
195:
183:
171:
159:
155:
145:
122:
112:
102:
73:
64:
59:
39:
5164:Second Peloponnesian War
2087:Tandy, David W. (2001).
2045:McHenry, Robert (2003).
1460:. Springer. p. 73.
1454:Winnifrith, Tom (1983).
1112:List of ancient Epirotes
979:Ancient writers such as
537:Necromanteion of Acheron
272:• Conquered by the
5455:Roman conquest of Italy
5149:First Peloponnesian War
2066:Minahan, James (2002).
2003:Oxford University Press
1752:Parallel Lives: Pyrrhus
1147:Encyclopædia Britannica
963:and literary evidence.
718:List of kings of Epirus
671:Alexander the Molossian
589:in the center, and the
5839:Epirus (ancient state)
5356:Seleucid Dynastic Wars
5281:Seleucid–Parthian Wars
5215:Expansion of Macedonia
3118:Artists & scholars
3033:List of ancient Greeks
2670:Second Athenian League
2519:Greco-Bactrian Kingdom
2344:Ancient Greek colonies
1845:Cameron, Alan (2004).
886:
823:
727:
117:Ancient Greek religion
5785:Domitian's Dacian War
5704:Liberators' civil war
4237:Sybaris on the Traeis
2962:Sacred Band of Thebes
2702:(c. 300 BC–c. 300 AD)
2216:Cycladic civilization
2030:. The Hague: Mouton.
1914:. London: Duckworth.
1616:5 August 2011 at the
1573:Description of Greece
884:
817:
808:Further information:
725:
103:Common languages
5790:Trajan's Dacian Wars
5475:Roman–Hernician wars
5256:Seleucid–Mauryan war
5096:Second Messenian War
3762:mythological figures
3483:Ancient Greek tribes
2608:Peloponnesian League
1396:, pp. 123–124;
863:Third Macedonian War
794:Battle of Beneventum
684:In 334 BC, the time
663:Philip II of Macedon
626:Hecataeus of Miletus
278:Third Macedonian War
5689:Roman–Parthian Wars
5480:Roman–Volscian wars
5460:Roman–Etruscan Wars
5144:Third Messenian War
5101:Lydian–Milesian War
5086:First Messenian War
3874:Tunnel of Eupalinos
3869:Theatre of Dionysus
3493:Ancient Macedonians
3109:Tyrants of Syracuse
2621:Amphictyonic League
2221:Minoan civilization
1400:, pp. 233–234.
1301:, pp. 477–480.
1289:, pp. 462–479.
999:describes them as "
692:against the nearby
686:Alexander the Great
675:Alexander the Great
667:Alexander the Great
228:Classical antiquity
138:) (231–167 BC)
5874:Hellenistic states
5869:Hellenistic Greece
5795:Roman–Persian Wars
5694:Caesar's civil war
5566:Roman–Seleucid war
5465:Roman-Aequian wars
5437:Ancient Roman wars
5331:Roman–Seleucid War
5190:Theban–Spartan War
5129:Greco-Persian Wars
5070:Ancient Greek wars
4548:Menestheus's Limin
4202:Pandosia (Lucania)
4090:Greek colonisation
3452:Athenian statesmen
3213:Diogenes of Sinope
3074:Kings of Macedonia
3064:Kings of Commagene
2932:Macedonian phalanx
2912:Hellenistic armies
2660:(c. 424–c. 395 BC)
2524:Indo-Greek Kingdom
2246:Hellenistic Greece
1194:, pp. 23, 30.
1061:and the Oracle of
887:
824:
778:, at a high cost.
764:Battle of Heraclea
737:Aeacides of Epirus
728:
706:Battle of Pandosia
612:The Greek toponym
597:had its own name (
209:• 231–167 BC
197:• 297–272 BC
185:• 302–297 BC
173:• 307–302 BC
161:• 330–313 BC
5824:
5823:
5780:Jewish–Roman wars
5652:Sulla's civil war
5646:Bellum Octavianum
5534:Illyro-Roman Wars
5507:Roman–Gallic wars
5485:Roman–Sabine wars
5403:
5402:
5341:War against Nabis
5154:Second Sacred War
5036:
5035:
4994:
4993:
4934:
4933:
4930:
4929:
4926:
4925:
4500:Iberian Peninsula
4432:Lipara/Meligounis
4398:
4397:
4076:
4075:
4072:
4071:
4049:Cypriot syllabary
3940:
3939:
3849:Athenian Treasury
3833:
3832:
3505:
3504:
3501:
3500:
3094:Ptolemaic dynasty
3054:Archons of Athens
3009:
3008:
3005:
3004:
2880:Athenian military
2861:
2860:
2694:League of Corinth
2676:Thessalian League
2652:Chalcidian League
2634:Acarnanian League
2544:Ptolemaic Kingdom
2356:
2355:
2352:
2351:
2121:978-0-521-23445-0
2058:978-0-85-229961-6
2037:978-9-02-793305-8
2022:Katičić, Radoslav
1993:Hammond, N. G. L.
1911:Philip of Macedon
1879:978-3-11-053213-5
1816:978-960-404-308-8
1795:978-1-4051-7936-2
1556:Roman Antiquities
1524:978-1-4443-5163-7
1494:978-1-4443-5163-7
1457:Greeks and Romans
1071:Panhellenic Games
861:but split in the
772:Battle of Asculum
756:Italian peninsula
696:and the emerging
659:Arybbas of Epirus
579:2nd millennium BC
485:to the east, and
483:Ancient Macedonia
392:
391:
388:
387:
384:
383:
364:
363:
202:Pyrrhus of Epirus
178:Pyrrhus of Epirus
132:(330–231 BC)
18:Kingdom of Epirus
16:(Redirected from
5881:
5746:Marcomannic Wars
5657:Mithridatic Wars
5581:Celtiberian Wars
5470:Roman–Latin wars
5430:
5423:
5416:
5407:
5406:
5396:Military history
5366:Mithridatic Wars
5351:Maccabean Revolt
5299:
5276:Chremonidean War
5205:Third Sacred War
5200:
5106:First Sacred War
5063:
5056:
5049:
5040:
5039:
5026:
5025:
5016:
5006:
5005:
4940:
4939:
4658:
4657:
4157:Heraclea Lucania
4110:
4109:
4101:
4100:
4082:
4081:
3842:
3841:
3774:Twelve Olympians
3745:
3744:
3535:
3534:
3511:
3510:
3099:Seleucid dynasty
3079:Kings of Paionia
3028:
3027:
3015:
3014:
2885:Scythian archers
2792:Graphe paranomon
2722:
2721:
2629:
2626:
2616:
2613:
2597:
2594:
2584:
2580:
2577:
2391:
2390:
2362:
2361:
2241:Classical Greece
2226:Mycenaean Greece
2206:
2205:
2182:
2181:
2154:
2147:
2140:
2131:
2130:
2125:
2104:
2083:
2062:
2041:
2017:
2006:
1988:
1967:
1946:
1925:
1904:
1883:
1862:
1841:
1820:
1799:
1767:
1761:
1755:
1748:
1742:
1736:
1730:
1729:
1707:
1701:
1700:
1680:
1674:
1668:
1662:
1659:Hatzopoulos 1997
1656:
1650:
1644:
1638:
1627:
1621:
1603:
1597:
1586:
1580:
1569:
1563:
1552:
1546:
1535:
1529:
1528:
1508:
1499:
1498:
1478:
1472:
1471:
1451:
1445:
1439:
1433:
1432:
1427:
1425:
1407:
1401:
1391:
1385:
1382:Hatzopoulos 1997
1379:
1373:
1371:
1363:
1357:
1351:
1345:
1335:
1329:
1323:
1314:
1308:
1302:
1296:
1290:
1284:
1278:
1272:
1266:
1260:
1254:
1248:
1242:
1241:
1225:
1219:
1213:
1207:
1201:
1195:
1189:
1183:
1177:
1171:
1165:
1159:
1158:
1156:
1154:
1139:
1029:
1019:Simon Hornblower
967:Nicholas Hammond
934:
623:
479:Ancient Thessaly
471:ancient Epirotes
460:
454:
453:
444:
438:
437:
428:
427:
424:
423:
420:
417:
414:
411:
408:
405:
380:
379:
368:
367:
355:
354:
341:
340:
327:
326:
320:
319:
304:
303:
136:Federal republic
69:
54:
48:
47:
37:
36:
21:
5889:
5888:
5884:
5883:
5882:
5880:
5879:
5878:
5829:
5828:
5825:
5820:
5809:
5775:Civil war of 69
5763:Boudican revolt
5732:
5725:
5601:Cantabrian Wars
5539:Macedonian Wars
5446:
5439:
5434:
5404:
5399:
5388:
5304:Macedonian Wars
5297:
5224:
5198:
5185:Theban hegemony
5115:
5072:
5067:
5037:
5032:
4990:
4945:
4922:
4785:
4779:
4662:
4653:
4645:
4616:Melaina Korkyra
4572:
4494:
4451:
4404:Aeolian Islands
4394:
4256:
4114:
4095:
4094:
4068:
4025:
3936:
3878:
3829:
3783:
3734:
3656:
3647:Wedding customs
3529:
3528:
3497:
3488:Thracian Greeks
3471:
3462:Olympic victors
3440:
3282:
3169:
3113:
3104:Kings of Sparta
3089:Kings of Pontus
3059:Kings of Athens
3035:
3022:
3001:
2897:Army of Macedon
2857:
2834:
2806:
2763:
2711:
2684:(370–c. 230 BC)
2682:Arcadian League
2666:(c. 400–188 BC)
2664:Aetolian League
2658:Boeotian League
2640:Hellenic League
2627:
2614:
2604:(c. 650–404 BC)
2595:
2589:Italiote League
2582:
2578:
2572:Doric Hexapolis
2562:
2553:
2549:Seleucid Empire
2492:
2385:
2384:
2348:
2255:
2231:Greek Dark Ages
2200:
2199:
2176:
2163:
2158:
2128:
2122:
2101:
2080:
2059:
2038:
1985:
1964:
1943:
1922:
1901:
1880:
1859:
1838:
1817:
1796:
1775:
1770:
1762:
1758:
1749:
1745:
1737:
1733:
1722:
1708:
1704:
1697:
1681:
1677:
1669:
1665:
1657:
1653:
1645:
1641:
1628:
1624:
1618:Wayback Machine
1604:
1600:
1587:
1583:
1570:
1566:
1553:
1549:
1536:
1532:
1525:
1509:
1502:
1495:
1479:
1475:
1468:
1452:
1448:
1440:
1436:
1423:
1421:
1420:on 2 April 2021
1408:
1404:
1392:
1388:
1380:
1376:
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1352:
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1336:
1332:
1324:
1317:
1309:
1305:
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1285:
1281:
1273:
1269:
1261:
1257:
1249:
1245:
1226:
1222:
1214:
1210:
1202:
1198:
1190:
1186:
1178:
1174:
1166:
1162:
1152:
1150:
1141:
1140:
1129:
1125:
1120:
1103:
1055:Hellenistic age
953:Northwest Greek
949:
941:Northwest Greek
932:
879:
859:Macedonian Wars
812:
806:
798:Pyrrhic victory
776:Pyrrhic victory
746:Aeacides's son
720:
714:
661:, married King
635:
512:
507:
475:Aetolian League
402:
398:
377:
352:
338:
324:
280:
263:
253:
240:
210:
198:
186:
174:
162:
141:
98:
55:
49:
42:
35:
32:
29:Epirus (region)
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5887:
5877:
5876:
5871:
5866:
5861:
5859:Ancient Epirus
5856:
5851:
5846:
5841:
5822:
5821:
5814:
5811:
5810:
5808:
5807:
5802:
5797:
5792:
5787:
5782:
5777:
5772:
5767:
5766:
5765:
5755:
5754:
5753:
5748:
5737:
5735:
5727:
5726:
5724:
5723:
5718:
5713:
5710:Bellum Siculum
5706:
5701:
5696:
5691:
5686:
5681:
5676:
5675:
5674:
5669:
5664:
5654:
5649:
5642:
5641:
5640:
5635:
5630:
5620:
5615:
5613:Jugurthine War
5610:
5605:
5604:
5603:
5598:
5593:
5588:
5586:Lusitanian War
5583:
5573:
5568:
5563:
5562:
5561:
5556:
5551:
5546:
5536:
5531:
5530:
5529:
5524:
5519:
5509:
5504:
5503:
5502:
5497:
5492:
5487:
5482:
5477:
5472:
5467:
5462:
5451:
5449:
5447:Roman Republic
5441:
5440:
5433:
5432:
5425:
5418:
5410:
5401:
5400:
5393:
5390:
5389:
5387:
5386:
5381:
5363:
5358:
5353:
5348:
5343:
5338:
5333:
5328:
5323:
5301:
5293:
5288:
5286:Cleomenean War
5283:
5278:
5273:
5268:
5263:
5258:
5253:
5248:
5240:
5234:
5232:
5226:
5225:
5223:
5222:
5217:
5212:
5207:
5202:
5194:
5193:
5192:
5181:
5176:
5174:Corinthian War
5171:
5169:Phyle Campaign
5166:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5146:
5141:
5136:
5131:
5125:
5123:
5117:
5116:
5114:
5113:
5108:
5103:
5098:
5093:
5088:
5082:
5080:
5074:
5073:
5066:
5065:
5058:
5051:
5043:
5034:
5033:
5031:
5030:
5020:
5010:
4999:
4996:
4995:
4992:
4991:
4989:
4988:
4983:
4978:
4973:
4968:
4963:
4962:
4961:
4950:
4947:
4946:
4936:
4935:
4932:
4931:
4928:
4927:
4924:
4923:
4921:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4830:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4789:
4787:
4781:
4780:
4778:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4666:
4664:
4655:
4647:
4646:
4644:
4643:
4638:
4633:
4628:
4623:
4618:
4613:
4608:
4603:
4598:
4593:
4588:
4582:
4580:
4574:
4573:
4571:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4504:
4502:
4496:
4495:
4493:
4492:
4487:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4461:
4459:
4453:
4452:
4450:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4408:
4406:
4400:
4399:
4396:
4395:
4393:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4350:Megara Hyblaea
4347:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4330:Hybla Gereatis
4327:
4322:
4320:Heraclea Minoa
4317:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4266:
4264:
4258:
4257:
4255:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4118:
4116:
4107:
4097:
4096:
4093:
4092:
4086:
4078:
4077:
4074:
4073:
4070:
4069:
4067:
4066:
4064:Attic numerals
4061:
4059:Greek numerals
4056:
4054:Greek alphabet
4051:
4046:
4041:
4035:
4033:
4027:
4026:
4024:
4023:
4018:
4017:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3950:
3948:
3942:
3941:
3938:
3937:
3935:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3888:
3886:
3880:
3879:
3877:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3845:
3839:
3835:
3834:
3831:
3830:
3828:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3791:
3789:
3785:
3784:
3782:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3765:
3764:
3754:
3748:
3742:
3736:
3735:
3733:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3711:
3710:
3708:Musical system
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3679:
3678:
3667:
3665:
3658:
3657:
3655:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3543:
3541:
3531:
3530:
3527:
3526:
3521:
3515:
3507:
3506:
3503:
3502:
3499:
3498:
3496:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3479:
3477:
3473:
3472:
3470:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3448:
3446:
3442:
3441:
3439:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3292:
3290:
3284:
3283:
3281:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3179:
3177:
3171:
3170:
3168:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3140:Mathematicians
3137:
3132:
3127:
3121:
3119:
3115:
3114:
3112:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3049:Kings of Argos
3045:
3043:
3037:
3036:
3024:
3023:
3011:
3010:
3007:
3006:
3003:
3002:
3000:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2907:Cretan archers
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2888:
2887:
2877:
2871:
2869:
2863:
2862:
2859:
2858:
2856:
2855:
2850:
2844:
2842:
2836:
2835:
2833:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2816:
2814:
2808:
2807:
2805:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2773:
2771:
2765:
2764:
2762:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2725:
2719:
2713:
2712:
2710:
2709:
2706:Achaean League
2703:
2700:Euboean League
2697:
2691:
2688:Epirote League
2685:
2679:
2673:
2667:
2661:
2655:
2649:
2643:
2637:
2636:(c. 500–31 BC)
2631:
2618:
2605:
2599:
2586:
2568:
2566:
2564:Confederations
2555:
2554:
2552:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2500:
2498:
2494:
2493:
2491:
2490:
2488:Lissus (Crete)
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2399:
2397:
2387:
2386:
2383:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2366:
2358:
2357:
2354:
2353:
2350:
2349:
2347:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2265:
2263:
2257:
2256:
2254:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2236:Archaic Greece
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2212:
2210:
2202:
2201:
2198:
2197:
2192:
2186:
2178:
2177:
2175:
2174:
2168:
2165:
2164:
2161:Ancient Greece
2157:
2156:
2149:
2142:
2134:
2127:
2126:
2120:
2105:
2099:
2084:
2078:
2063:
2057:
2042:
2036:
2018:
2007:
1989:
1983:
1968:
1962:
1947:
1941:
1926:
1920:
1905:
1899:
1884:
1878:
1863:
1857:
1842:
1836:
1821:
1815:
1800:
1794:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1768:
1756:
1743:
1731:
1720:
1702:
1695:
1675:
1673:, p. 219.
1663:
1651:
1649:, p. 218.
1639:
1622:
1598:
1581:
1564:
1547:
1530:
1523:
1500:
1493:
1473:
1466:
1446:
1434:
1402:
1386:
1374:
1358:
1346:
1344:, p. 578.
1340:, p. 62;
1330:
1328:, p. 452.
1315:
1313:, p. 468.
1303:
1291:
1279:
1277:, p. 442.
1267:
1265:, p. 438.
1255:
1243:
1220:
1218:, p. 284.
1208:
1206:, p. 215.
1196:
1184:
1172:
1160:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1115:
1114:
1109:
1102:
1099:
948:
945:
878:
875:
855:Roman Republic
840:Ambracian Gulf
810:Epirote League
805:
802:
713:
710:
704:tribes at the
698:Roman Republic
694:Italian tribes
679:King of Epirus
634:
631:
575:invaded Greece
520:Greek language
511:
508:
506:
503:
477:to the south,
390:
389:
386:
385:
382:
381:
374:
365:
362:
361:
356:
348:
347:
342:
334:
333:
328:
316:
315:
310:
300:
299:
293:
289:
288:
285:
284:
281:
274:Roman Republic
271:
268:
267:
264:
261:
258:
257:
254:
248:
245:
244:
241:
238:
235:
234:
231:
230:
225:
224:Historical era
221:
220:
217:
216:
214:Epirote League
211:
208:
205:
204:
199:
196:
193:
192:
190:Neoptolemos II
187:
184:
181:
180:
175:
172:
169:
168:
163:
160:
157:
156:
153:
152:
149:
143:
142:
140:
139:
133:
126:
124:
120:
119:
114:
110:
109:
104:
100:
99:
97:
96:
90:
84:
77:
75:
71:
70:
62:
61:
57:
56:
43:
40:
33:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5886:
5875:
5872:
5870:
5867:
5865:
5862:
5860:
5857:
5855:
5852:
5850:
5847:
5845:
5842:
5840:
5837:
5836:
5834:
5827:
5819:
5818:
5812:
5806:
5803:
5801:
5798:
5796:
5793:
5791:
5788:
5786:
5783:
5781:
5778:
5776:
5773:
5771:
5768:
5764:
5761:
5760:
5759:
5756:
5752:
5749:
5747:
5744:
5743:
5742:
5741:Germanic wars
5739:
5738:
5736:
5734:
5728:
5722:
5721:War of Actium
5719:
5717:
5714:
5712:
5711:
5707:
5705:
5702:
5700:
5699:War of Mutina
5697:
5695:
5692:
5690:
5687:
5685:
5682:
5680:
5677:
5673:
5670:
5668:
5665:
5663:
5660:
5659:
5658:
5655:
5653:
5650:
5648:
5647:
5643:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5625:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5596:Sertorian War
5594:
5592:
5591:Numantine War
5589:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5579:
5578:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5560:
5557:
5555:
5552:
5550:
5547:
5545:
5542:
5541:
5540:
5537:
5535:
5532:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5515:
5514:
5513:
5510:
5508:
5505:
5501:
5498:
5496:
5493:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5478:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5468:
5466:
5463:
5461:
5458:
5457:
5456:
5453:
5452:
5450:
5448:
5442:
5438:
5431:
5426:
5424:
5419:
5417:
5412:
5411:
5408:
5398:
5397:
5391:
5385:
5384:War of Actium
5382:
5379:
5375:
5371:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5324:
5321:
5317:
5313:
5309:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5294:
5292:
5289:
5287:
5284:
5282:
5279:
5277:
5274:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5246:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5235:
5233:
5231:
5227:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5208:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5195:
5191:
5188:
5187:
5186:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5134:Aeginetan War
5132:
5130:
5127:
5126:
5124:
5122:
5118:
5112:
5111:Sicilian Wars
5109:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5091:Lelantine War
5089:
5087:
5084:
5083:
5081:
5079:
5075:
5071:
5064:
5059:
5057:
5052:
5050:
5045:
5044:
5041:
5029:
5021:
5019:
5015:
5011:
5009:
5001:
5000:
4997:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4979:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4969:
4967:
4964:
4960:
4957:
4956:
4955:
4952:
4951:
4948:
4941:
4937:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4790:
4788:
4782:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4667:
4665:
4659:
4656:
4652:
4648:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4583:
4581:
4579:
4575:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4528:Hemeroscopion
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4505:
4503:
4501:
4497:
4491:
4488:
4485:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4462:
4460:
4458:
4454:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4409:
4407:
4405:
4401:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4267:
4265:
4263:
4259:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4119:
4117:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4105:Magna Graecia
4102:
4098:
4091:
4088:
4087:
4083:
4079:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4036:
4034:
4032:
4028:
4022:
4019:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3979:Arcadocypriot
3977:
3975:
3972:
3971:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3951:
3949:
3947:
3943:
3933:
3932:Zeus, Olympia
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3917:Hera, Olympia
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3889:
3887:
3885:
3881:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3846:
3843:
3840:
3836:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3820:Mount Olympus
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3792:
3790:
3788:Sacred places
3786:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3763:
3760:
3759:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3749:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3737:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3709:
3706:
3705:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3677:
3674:
3673:
3672:
3669:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3659:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3612:Olympic Games
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3602:Homosexuality
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3544:
3542:
3540:
3536:
3532:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3516:
3512:
3508:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3480:
3478:
3474:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3449:
3447:
3443:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3293:
3291:
3289:
3285:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3180:
3178:
3176:
3172:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3122:
3120:
3116:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3046:
3044:
3042:
3038:
3034:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3016:
3012:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2972:Seleucid army
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2886:
2883:
2882:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2872:
2870:
2868:
2864:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2845:
2843:
2841:
2837:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2817:
2815:
2813:
2809:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2774:
2772:
2770:
2766:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2726:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2714:
2707:
2704:
2701:
2698:
2695:
2692:
2689:
2686:
2683:
2680:
2677:
2674:
2671:
2668:
2665:
2662:
2659:
2656:
2653:
2650:
2647:
2646:Delian League
2644:
2641:
2638:
2635:
2632:
2622:
2619:
2609:
2606:
2603:
2602:Ionian League
2600:
2590:
2587:
2583: 560 BC
2573:
2570:
2569:
2567:
2565:
2560:
2556:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2501:
2499:
2495:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2400:
2398:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2324:Magna Graecia
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2266:
2264:
2262:
2258:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2213:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2173:
2170:
2169:
2166:
2162:
2155:
2150:
2148:
2143:
2141:
2136:
2135:
2132:
2123:
2117:
2113:
2112:
2106:
2102:
2100:1-55164-188-7
2096:
2092:
2091:
2085:
2081:
2079:0-313-31617-1
2075:
2071:
2070:
2064:
2060:
2054:
2050:
2049:
2043:
2039:
2033:
2029:
2028:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2014:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1999:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1984:0-521-23447-6
1980:
1976:
1975:
1969:
1965:
1963:0-19-873096-9
1959:
1955:
1954:
1948:
1944:
1942:0-521-23348-8
1938:
1934:
1933:
1927:
1923:
1921:0-7156-2829-1
1917:
1913:
1912:
1906:
1902:
1900:0-521-23446-8
1896:
1892:
1891:
1885:
1881:
1875:
1871:
1870:
1864:
1860:
1858:0-19-517121-7
1854:
1850:
1849:
1843:
1839:
1837:0-691-00880-9
1833:
1829:
1828:
1822:
1818:
1812:
1808:
1807:
1801:
1797:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1778:
1777:
1765:
1760:
1753:
1747:
1740:
1735:
1728:
1723:
1721:960-213-377-5
1717:
1713:
1706:
1698:
1692:
1688:
1687:
1679:
1672:
1667:
1661:, p. 141
1660:
1655:
1648:
1643:
1636:
1632:
1626:
1619:
1615:
1612:
1608:
1602:
1595:
1591:
1585:
1578:
1577:1.11.7–1.12.2
1574:
1568:
1561:
1560:20.10 (19.11)
1557:
1551:
1544:
1540:
1534:
1526:
1520:
1516:
1515:
1507:
1505:
1496:
1490:
1486:
1485:
1477:
1469:
1463:
1459:
1458:
1450:
1443:
1438:
1431:
1419:
1415:
1414:
1406:
1399:
1395:
1390:
1384:, p. 141
1383:
1378:
1367:
1362:
1355:
1350:
1343:
1339:
1334:
1327:
1322:
1320:
1312:
1307:
1300:
1295:
1288:
1283:
1276:
1271:
1264:
1259:
1252:
1247:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1224:
1217:
1212:
1205:
1200:
1193:
1188:
1181:
1176:
1169:
1164:
1148:
1144:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1132:
1127:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1104:
1098:
1096:
1095:Homeric Greek
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1051:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1025:
1024:Ancient Greek
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1007:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
986:
982:
977:
975:
974:
968:
964:
962:
958:
957:Epirote Greek
954:
944:
942:
938:
929:
925:
921:
917:
912:
908:
904:
900:
896:
892:
883:
874:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
851:
849:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
821:
816:
811:
801:
799:
795:
790:
788:
784:
779:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
744:
742:
738:
734:
724:
719:
709:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
690:Magna Graecia
687:
682:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
643:
640:
630:
627:
619:
615:
610:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
573:
568:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
502:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
463:ancient Greek
459:
448:
443:
432:
431:Epirote Greek
426:
396:
375:
373:
370:
369:
366:
360:
357:
350:
349:
346:
343:
336:
335:
332:
329:
322:
321:
318:
317:
314:
311:
309:
306:
305:
301:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
279:
275:
269:
265:
259:
255:
252:
246:
242:
236:
232:
229:
226:
222:
218:
215:
212:
206:
203:
200:
194:
191:
188:
182:
179:
176:
170:
167:
164:
158:
154:
150:
148:
144:
137:
134:
131:
128:
127:
125:
121:
118:
115:
111:
108:
107:Epirote Greek
105:
101:
94:
91:
88:
85:
82:
79:
78:
76:
72:
68:
63:
60:330 BC–167 BC
58:
53:
38:
30:
19:
5826:
5815:
5770:Armenian War
5733:Roman Empire
5716:Perusine War
5708:
5644:
5623:Servile Wars
5618:Cimbrian War
5571:Galatian War
5490:Samnite Wars
5394:
5346:Galatian War
5336:Aetolian War
5298:(220–217 BC)
5244:
5243:Wars of the
5199:(357–355 BC)
5183:Wars of the
5179:Boeotian War
4823:Dionysopolis
4793:Abonoteichos
4745:Pantikapaion
4335:Hybla Heraea
3671:Architecture
3627:Prostitution
3316:Aristophanes
3175:Philosophers
3145:Philosophers
2977:Spartan army
2708:(280–146 BC)
2696:(338–322 BC)
2690:(370–168 BC)
2678:(374–196 BC)
2672:(378–355 BC)
2654:(430–348 BC)
2648:(478–404 BC)
2642:(499–449 BC)
2513:
2329:Peloponnesus
2251:Roman Greece
2110:
2089:
2068:
2047:
2026:
2012:
1997:
1973:
1952:
1931:
1910:
1889:
1868:
1847:
1826:
1805:
1785:
1764:Cameron 2004
1759:
1751:
1746:
1739:Hammond 1986
1734:
1725:
1711:
1705:
1685:
1678:
1666:
1654:
1642:
1630:
1625:
1606:
1605:Thucydides.
1601:
1589:
1584:
1572:
1567:
1555:
1550:
1538:
1533:
1513:
1483:
1476:
1456:
1449:
1442:Hammond 1998
1437:
1429:
1422:. Retrieved
1418:the original
1412:
1405:
1394:Katičić 1976
1389:
1377:
1366:Hammond 1967
1361:
1354:Hammond 1967
1349:
1342:Minahan 2002
1333:
1326:Walbank 1984
1306:
1294:
1282:
1275:Hammond 1994
1270:
1263:Hammond 1994
1258:
1253:, p. 5.
1246:
1237:
1233:
1223:
1216:Hammond 1982
1211:
1199:
1187:
1180:McHenry 2003
1175:
1163:
1151:. Retrieved
1146:
1081:originated.
1052:
1048:Thesprotians
1014:
1004:
978:
971:
965:
950:
888:
877:Organization
871:Thesprotians
852:
847:
825:
791:
785:fortress in
783:Carthaginian
780:
745:
732:
729:
683:
678:
636:
613:
611:
594:
591:Thesprotians
569:
513:
495:Ancient Rome
470:
394:
393:
345:Thesprotians
313:Succeeded by
312:
307:
95:(224–167 BC)
89:(295–224 BC)
83:(330–295 BC)
5731:Wars of the
5679:Gallic Wars
5608:Achaean War
5495:Pyrrhic War
5445:Wars of the
5361:Achaean War
5296:Social War
5291:Lyttian War
5266:Syrian Wars
5261:Pyrrhic War
5230:Hellenistic
5210:Foreign War
5197:Social War
4971:Place names
4883:Salmydessus
4705:Kalos Limen
4685:Chersonesus
4675:Borysthenes
4380:Tauromenion
4192:Metapontion
3954:Proto-Greek
3907:Erechtheion
3902:Athena Nike
3864:Philippeion
3693:Mathematics
3664:and science
3547:Agriculture
3411:Stesichorus
3321:Bacchylides
3311:Archilochus
3198:Antisthenes
3188:Anaximander
3160:Seven Sages
3150:Playwrights
3130:Geographers
3125:Astronomers
2952:Pezhetairos
2579: 1100
2559:Federations
2458:Megalopolis
2395:City states
2370:City states
1588:Eutropius.
1571:Pausanias.
1537:Herodotus.
1311:Franke 1989
1299:Franke 1989
1287:Franke 1989
1170:, p. 4
1153:16 November
1067:thearodokoi
891:city-states
836:Amphilochia
708:in 331 BC.
673:, uncle of
657:, niece of
528:shaft tombs
447:Attic Greek
308:Preceded by
5833:Categories
5751:Gothic War
5512:Punic Wars
5500:Social War
5326:Cretan War
5238:Lamian War
5159:Samian War
4873:Polemonion
4750:Phanagoria
4720:Kimmerikon
4715:Kerkinitis
4700:Hermonassa
4690:Dioscurias
4586:Aspalathos
4533:Kalathousa
4508:Akra Leuke
4437:Phoenicusa
4222:Scylletium
4207:Poseidonia
4127:Brentesion
4014:Pamphylian
4009:Macedonian
3927:Samothrace
3912:Hephaestus
3859:Long Walls
3838:Structures
3779:Underworld
3725:Technology
3688:Literature
3622:Philosophy
3587:Euergetism
3476:By culture
3421:Thucydides
3263:Pythagoras
3258:Protagoras
3248:Parmenides
3233:Heraclitus
3218:Empedocles
3208:Democritus
3193:Anaximenes
3183:Anaxagoras
3135:Historians
2628: 595
2615: 550
2596: 800
2581: – c.
2509:Cappadocia
2314:Ionian Sea
2304:Hellespont
2269:Aegean Sea
1750:Plutarch.
1696:0199258104
1671:Filos 2018
1647:Filos 2018
1467:1349051233
1424:21 January
1398:Filos 2018
1338:Borza 1992
1251:Anson 2010
1204:Filos 2018
1192:Tandy 2001
1168:Tandy 2001
1118:References
1040:Kassopeans
1036:Molossians
1028:θεαρόδοκοι
1009:, as does
1001:barbarians
997:Thucydides
928:Tharrhypas
716:See also:
607:Thesprotia
587:Molossians
510:Prehistory
331:Molossians
256:280–275 BC
123:Government
5121:Classical
4959:in Epirus
4908:Trapezous
4853:Mesambria
4838:Eupatoria
4808:Apollonia
4803:Anchialos
4765:Theodosia
4735:Nymphaion
4725:Myrmekion
4695:Gorgippia
4651:Black Sea
4636:Tragurion
4621:Nymphaion
4606:Epidauros
4601:Epidamnos
4591:Apollonia
4568:Zacynthos
4490:Ptolemais
4484:Apollonia
4457:Cyrenaica
4447:Therassía
4442:Strongyle
4422:Ereikousa
4345:Leontinoi
4285:Apollonia
4162:Hipponion
3959:Mycenaean
3922:Parthenon
3854:Lion Gate
3757:Mythology
3720:Sculpture
3683:Astronomy
3617:Pederasty
3592:Festivals
3577:Education
3457:Lawgivers
3426:Timocreon
3406:Sophocles
3401:Simonides
3376:Philocles
3371:Panyassis
3366:Mimnermus
3331:Herodotus
3326:Euripides
3296:Aeschylus
3243:Leucippus
3203:Aristotle
2982:Strategos
2848:Synedrion
2802:Ostracism
2782:Areopagus
2734:Free city
2529:Macedonia
2413:Byzantion
2319:Macedonia
2284:Cyrenaica
2261:Geography
2195:Geography
1631:Geography
1539:Histories
1123:Citations
1044:Chaonians
1032:Epidaurus
1015:Geography
1003:" in his
993:Eutropius
989:Pausanias
981:Herodotus
961:epigraphy
955:dialect,
867:Chaonians
848:synedrion
832:Acarnania
741:Cassander
639:Molossian
583:Chaonians
565:Acarnania
553:Macedonia
532:Mycenaean
516:Neolithic
461:) was an
359:Chaonians
113:Religion
5245:Diadochi
5008:Category
4986:Theatres
4913:Tripolis
4848:Kerasous
4843:Heraclea
4775:Tyritake
4730:Nikonion
4641:Thronion
4563:Salauris
4518:Emporion
4475:Berenice
4465:Balagrae
4417:Euonymos
4390:Tyndaris
4375:Syracuse
4370:Selinous
4340:Kamarina
4295:Casmenae
4280:Akrillai
4197:Neápolis
4132:Caulonia
4113:Mainland
4044:Linear B
4039:Linear A
3969:Dialects
3946:Language
3740:Religion
3698:Medicine
3632:Religion
3597:Folklore
3582:Emporium
3557:Clothing
3552:Calendar
3436:Xenophon
3431:Tyrtaeus
3416:Theognis
3391:Polybius
3386:Plutarch
3361:Menander
3341:Hipponax
3268:Socrates
3223:Epicurus
3069:Diadochi
2967:Sciritae
2927:Hetairoi
2902:Ballista
2867:Military
2830:Gerousia
2820:Ekklesia
2787:Ecclesia
2769:Athenian
2717:Politics
2630:–279 BC)
2617:–366 BC)
2598:–389 BC)
2534:Pergamon
2504:Bithynia
2497:Kingdoms
2438:Pergamon
2380:Military
2375:Politics
2172:Timeline
2024:(1976).
1995:(1967).
1629:Strabo.
1614:Archived
1143:"Epirus"
1101:See also
1087:Achilles
1083:Plutarch
1079:Hellenes
924:Plutarch
911:frontier
903:Epirotes
893:such as
844:Phoenice
828:Deidamia
752:Tarentum
733:Epirotes
655:Olympias
651:Illyrian
642:Aeacidae
603:Molossia
557:Thessaly
539:(on the
487:Illyrian
295:Epirote
292:Currency
166:Aeacides
130:Monarchy
93:Phoenice
87:Ambracia
81:Passaron
5368: (
5306: (
5078:Archaic
5028:Outline
4981:Temples
4918:Zaliche
4898:Thèrmae
4888:Sesamus
4858:Odessos
4833:Cytorus
4828:Cotyora
4578:Illyria
4543:Mainake
4538:Kypsela
4427:Hycesia
4385:Thermae
4365:Segesta
4355:Messana
4310:Helorus
4290:Calacte
4270:Akragas
4232:Sybaris
4217:Rhegion
4172:Krimisa
4122:Alision
4031:Writing
4004:Locrian
3994:Epirote
3964:Homeric
3897:Artemis
3884:Temples
3825:Olympia
3795:Eleusis
3730:Theatre
3715:Pottery
3642:Warfare
3637:Slavery
3572:Economy
3567:Cuisine
3562:Coinage
3539:Society
3524:Culture
3519:Society
3467:Tyrants
3306:Alcaeus
3288:Authors
3238:Hypatia
3228:Gorgias
3165:Writers
2987:Toxotai
2957:Sarissa
2947:Peltast
2942:Phalanx
2922:Hoplite
2917:Hippeis
2840:Macedon
2812:Spartan
2797:Heliaia
2744:Proxeny
2453:Larissa
2448:Kerkyra
2443:Eretria
2433:Miletus
2428:Ephesus
2423:Corinth
2418:Chalcis
2339:Taurica
2209:Periods
2190:History
1773:Sources
1594:2.11.13
1543:6.124.7
1091:Pyrrhus
1013:in his
947:Culture
931:370–368
748:Pyrrhus
647:Macedon
622:Ήπειρος
599:Chaonia
572:Dorians
561:Aetolia
541:Acheron
505:History
491:Pyrrhus
458:Ḗpeiros
452:Ἤπειρος
442:Ápeiros
436:Ἄπειρος
297:drachma
276:in the
249:•
74:Capital
52:Ápeiros
46:Ἄπειρος
5849:167 BC
5667:Second
5633:Second
5559:Fourth
5549:Second
5522:Second
5374:Second
5320:Fourth
5312:Second
5018:Portal
4966:People
4954:Cities
4893:Sinope
4878:Rhizos
4868:Phasis
4818:Bathus
4813:Athina
4798:Amisos
4760:Tanais
4755:Pityus
4680:Charax
4631:Pharos
4626:Orikon
4523:Helike
4513:Alonis
4480:Cyrene
4412:Didyme
4325:Himera
4300:Catana
4262:Sicily
4252:Thurii
4247:Terina
4212:Pixous
4167:Hydrus
4142:Croton
3974:Aeolic
3892:Aphaea
3815:Dodona
3800:Delphi
3769:Temple
3445:Others
3396:Sappho
3381:Pindar
3356:Lucian
3351:Ibycus
3336:Hesiod
3273:Thales
3041:Rulers
3020:People
2997:Xyston
2992:Xiphos
2853:Koinon
2759:Tyrant
2749:Stasis
2739:Koinon
2539:Pontus
2514:Epirus
2483:Sparta
2473:Rhodes
2468:Megara
2463:Thebes
2408:Athens
2334:Pontus
2299:Epirus
2289:Cyprus
2274:Aeolis
2118:
2097:
2076:
2055:
2034:
1981:
1960:
1939:
1918:
1897:
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1075:Hellas
1063:Dodona
1011:Strabo
991:, and
973:nostoi
933:
920:Delphi
916:Dodona
901:, the
899:Sparta
895:Athens
768:Apulia
760:Sicily
702:Italic
614:Epirus
549:Dodona
524:tumuli
467:Epirus
395:Epirus
283:167 BC
266:231 BC
243:330 BC
151:
41:Epirus
5672:Third
5662:First
5638:Third
5628:First
5554:Third
5544:First
5527:Third
5517:First
5378:Third
5370:First
5316:Third
5308:First
4976:Stoae
4944:Lists
4863:Oinòe
4786:coast
4784:South
4770:Tyras
4740:Olbia
4710:Kepoi
4663:coast
4661:North
4654:basin
4596:Aulon
4558:Rhode
4470:Barca
4360:Naxos
4315:Henna
4275:Akrai
4242:Taras
4227:Siris
4187:Medma
4182:Locri
4147:Cumae
4137:Chone
4115:Italy
4021:Koine
3999:Ionic
3989:Doric
3984:Attic
3805:Delos
3703:Music
3346:Homer
3301:Aesop
3253:Plato
3155:Poets
2825:Ephor
2777:Agora
2754:Tagus
2729:Boule
2478:Samos
2403:Argos
2309:Ionia
2294:Doris
2279:Crete
1635:7.7.1
1030:) in
937:Doric
907:polis
618:Greek
595:ethne
499:Italy
4903:Tium
4670:Akra
4611:Issa
4305:Gela
4177:Laüs
4152:Elea
3810:Dion
3662:Arts
3652:Wine
3278:Zeno
2875:Wars
2116:ISBN
2095:ISBN
2074:ISBN
2053:ISBN
2032:ISBN
1979:ISBN
1958:ISBN
1937:ISBN
1916:ISBN
1895:ISBN
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1790:ISBN
1754:, 1.
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1426:2021
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1155:2013
1059:Zeus
1046:and
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