History of Korea - Knowledge

6566:, "Koguryŏ was the first to open hostilities, with a bold assault across the Liao River against Liao-hsi, in 598. The Sui emperor, Wen Ti, launched a retaliatory attack on Koguryŏ but met with reverses and turned back in mid-course. Yang Ti, the next Sui emperor, proceeded in 612 to mount an invasion of unprecedented magnitude, marshalling a huge force said to number over a million men. And when his armies failed to take Liao-tung Fortress (modern Liao-yang), the anchor of Koguryŏ's first line of defense, he had a nearly a third of his forces, some 300,000 strong, break off the battle there and strike directly at the Koguryŏ capital of P'yŏngyang. But the Sui army was lured into a trap by the famed Koguryŏ commander Ŭlchi Mundŏk, and suffered a calamitous defeat at the Salsu (Ch'ŏngch'ŏn) River. It is said that only 2,700 of the 300,000 Sui soldiers who had crossed the Yalu survived to find their way back, and the Sui emperor now lifted the siege of Liao-tung Fortress and withdrew his forces to China proper. Yang Ti continued to send his armies against Koguryŏ but again without success, and before long his war-weakened empire crumbled." 2510: 10669:

in excess of 400,000; the South Korean Ministry of Defense puts the number of killed and missing at 281,257. Estimates of communist troops killed are about one-half million. The total number of Korean civilians who died in the fighting, which left almost every major city in North and South Korea in ruins, has been estimated at between 2 and 3 million. This adds up to almost 1 million military deaths and a possible 2.5 million civilians who were killed or died as a result of this extremely destructive conflict. The proportion of civilians killed in the major wars of this century (and not only in the major ones) has thus risen steadily. It reached about 42 percent in World War II and may have gone as high as 70 percent in the Korean War. ... we find that the ratio of civilian to military deaths is not substantially different from that of World War II and is well below that of the Korean War.

2247: 6582:: "China, which had been split into many states since the early 3rd century, was reunified by the Sui dynasty at the end of the 6th century. Soon after that, Sui China mobilized a large number of troops and launched a sagiwar against Koguryŏ. However, the people of Koguryŏ were united and they were able to repel the Chinese aggressors. In 612, Sui troops invaded Korea again, but Koguryŏ forces fought bravely and destroyed Sui troops everywhere. General Ŭlchi Mundŏk of Koguryŏ completely wiped out some 300,000 Sui troops which came across the Yalu River in the battles near the Salsu River (now Ch'ŏngch'ŏn River) with his ingenious military tactics. Only 2,700 Sui troops were able to flee from Korea. The Sui dynasty, which wasted so much energy and manpower in aggressive wars against Koguryŏ, fell in 618." 3376: 2679: 5082:, p. 103, "When Parhae perished at the hands of the Khitan around this same time, much of its ruling class, who were of Koguryŏ descent, fled to Koryŏ. Wang Kŏn warmly welcomed them and generously gave them land. Along with bestowing the name Wang Kye ("Successor of the Royal Wang") on the Parhae crown prince, Tae Kwang-hyŏn, Wang Kŏn entered his name in the royal household register, thus clearly conveying the idea that they belonged to the same lineage, and also had rituals performed in honor of his progenitor. Thus Koryŏ achieved a true national unification that embraced not only the Later Three Kingdoms but even survivors of Koguryŏ lineage from the Parhae kingdom." 2492: 2817: 1792: 3179: 7575:

the western fringes. This is a historical fact of considerable significance but one which has received virtually no attention in the standard historical compilations of that period or in the modern books based on these sources. . . . While there were limits to the influence of the Koreans along the eastern coast of China, there can be no doubt of their dominance over the waters off these shores. . . . The days of Korean maritime dominance in the Far East actually were numbered, but in Ennin's time the men of Silla were still the masters of the seas in their part of the world.

4371: 4501: 3972: 12015:"Han Chinese built four commanderies, or local military units, to rule the peninsula as far south as the Han River, with a core area at Lolang (Nangnang in Korean), near present-day P'yongyang. It is illustrative of the relentlessly different historiography practiced in North Korea and South Korea, as well as both countries' dubious projection backward of Korean nationalism, that North Korean historians denied that the Lolang district was centered in Korea and placed it northwest of the peninsula, possibly near Beijing." 10275: 4271: 3019: 4445: 2002: 3561: 10547:

these, 33,665 were killed in action, while 3,275 died there of nonhostile causes. Some 92,134 Americans were wounded in action, and decades later, 8,176 were still reported as missing. South Korea sustained 1,312,836 casualties, including 415,004 dead. Casualties among other UN allies totaled 16,532, including 3,094 dead. Estimated North Korean casualties numbered 2 million, including about one million civilians and 520,000 soldiers. An estimated 900,000 Chinese soldiers lost their lives in combat.

2070:. In pre-modern Korea, Gija represented the authenticating presence of Chinese civilization, and until the 20th century, Koreans commonly believed that Dangun bestowed upon Korea its people and basic culture, while Gija gave Korea its high culture—and presumably, standing as a legitimate civilization. However, due to contradicting historical and archaeological evidence, its existence was challenged in the 20th century, and today no longer forms the mainstream understanding of this period. 4076:, an American-owned armed merchant marine sidewheel schooner, attempted to open Korea to trade in 1866. After an initial miscommunication, the ship sailed upriver and became stranded near Pyongyang. After being ordered to leave by the Korean officials, the American crewmen killed four Korean inhabitants, kidnapped a military officer and engaged in sporadic fighting that continued for four days. After two efforts to destroy the ship failed, she was finally set aflame by Korean 2923: 1994: 4144:, forcing it to abandon its long-standing claims to deference by Korea. Modernization began in Korea when Japan forced it to open its ports in 1876. However, at first, the forces of modernization met strong opposition not only from the traditionalism of the ruling Korean elite but from the population at large, which supported the traditional Confucian system of government by gentlemen, therefore no major modernization processes occurred until the establishment of the 990: 73: 4509: 2801: 2583:) to cut off their access to Korea and this time succeeded, and soon afterward conquered Lelang and Daifang ending the Chinese presence in Korea. However Goguryeo's expansion led to confrontation with the rising Xianbeis. The Xianbeis devastated Goguryeo's capital in the mid 4th century and the king retreated. Goguryeo eventually regrouped and began striking back in the late 4th century by King Gogukyang, culminating with the conquests of Gwanggaeto the Great. 13887: 3868: 2484: 2239: 13897: 4666:. The chaebol received state-backing via tax breaks and cheap loans, and took advantage of South Korea's inexpensive labor to produce exportable products. The government made education a very high priority to create a well-educated populace capable of productively contributing to the economy. Despite occasional political instability, the Korean economy subsequently saw enormous growth for nearly forty years, in a period known as the 3855: – private academies – which threatened to develop a parallel system to the corrupt government and enjoyed special privileges and large landholdings, were taxed and repressed despite bitter opposition from Confucian scholars. Lastly, a policy of steadfast isolationism was enforced to staunch the increasing intrusion of Western thought and technology. He was impeached in 1873 and forced into retirement by the supporters of 3194: 4293:. Along with all other previously signed treaties between Korea and Japan, the annexation treaty was confirmed to be null and void in 1965. While Japan asserted that the treaty was concluded legally, Korea disputed the legality of the treaty, because the treaty was not signed by the Emperor of Korea as required and it violated the international convention on external pressures regarding treaties. Many Koreans formed the 12085:"When material evidence from the Han commandery site excavated during the colonial period began to be reinterpreted by Korean nationalist historians as the first full-fledged "foreign" occupation in Korean history, Lelang's location in the heart of the Korean peninsula became particularly irksome because the finds seemed to verify Japanese colonial theories concerning the dependency of Korean civilization on China." 944: 3572: 2145: 3851:(Yi Ha-ung; 1820–98), ruled as the de facto regent and inaugurated far-ranging reforms to strengthen the central administration. Of special note was the decision to rebuild palace buildings and finance the project through additional levies on the population. Further inherited rule by a few elite ruling families was challenged by the adoption of a merit system for official appointments. In addition, 3829:, and the religion became especially popular in rural areas. Themes of exclusionism (from foreign influences), nationalism, salvation and social consciousness were set to music, allowing illiterate farmers to understand and accept them more readily. Along with many other Koreans, Choe was alarmed by the intrusion of Christianity and the Anglo-French occupation of Beijing during the 3721:(r. 1776–1800) led a new renaissance. Yeongjo and Jeongjo reformed the tax system which grew the revenue stream into the treasury, strengthened the military and sponsored a revival of learning. The printing press was rejuvenated by using movable metal type; the number and quality of publications sharply increased. Jeongjo sponsored scholars from various factions to work in the 12141:"Lelang Commandery was crucial to understanding the early history of Korea, which lasted from 108 BCE to 313 CE around the Pyongyang area. However, because of its nature as a Han colony and the exceptional attention paid to it by Japanese colonial scholars for making claims of the innate heteronomy of Koreans, post 1945 Korean scholars intentionally avoided the issue of Lelang." 3833:. He believed the best way to counter foreign influence in Korea was to introduce democratic and human rights reforms internally. Nationalism and social reform struck a chord among peasant guerrillas, and Donghak spread all across Korea. Progressive revolutionaries organized the peasants into a cohesive structure. Arrested in 1863 following the 4433:

educational assessment levied by District educational bodies, paid by the ethnic Koreans, averaged about 20 cents in 1923, per capita of the Korean population, that levied by school associations, paid by the ethnic Japanese, averaged about 3.30 dollars per capita of the Japanese population comprised within all the school associations in Korea.

2440:. The Samhan countries were strictly governed by law, with religion playing an important role. Mahan was the largest, consisting of 54 states, and assumed political, economic, and cultural dominance. Byeonhan and Jinhan both consisted of 12 states, bringing a total of 78 states within the Samhan. The Samhan were eventually conquered by 3883:, which emphasizes morality, righteousness, and practical ethics. Wide interest in scholarly study resulted in the establishment of private academies and educational institutions. Many documents were written about history, geography, medicine, and Confucian principles. The arts flourished in painting, calligraphy, music, dance, and 4390:). This movement was suppressed by force and about 7,000 persons were killed by Japanese soldiers and police. An estimated 2 million people took part in peaceful, pro-liberation rallies, although Japanese records claim participation of less than half million. This movement was partly inspired by United States President 12113:"At present, the site of Lelang and surrounding ancient Han Chinese remains are situated in the North Korean capital of Pyongyang. Although North Korean scholars have continued to excavate Han dynasty tombs in the postwar period, they have interpreted them as manifestations of the Kochoson or the Koguryo kingdom." 6789:, "Loath to let slip such an opportunity, T'ang mounted a fresh invasion under Li Chi in 667 and Silla launched a coordinated offensive. This time the T'ang army received every possible assistance from the defector Namsaeng, and although Koguryŏ continued to hold out for another year, the end finally came in 668." 4129:

Tokyo. The Qing government provided loans. China promoted its trade in an attempt to block Japanese merchants, which led to Chinese favour in Korean trade. Anti-Chinese riots broke out in 1888 and 1889 and Chinese shops were torched. Japan remained the largest foreign community and largest trading partner.

3789:. As a result, the disarray and blatant corruption in the Korean government, particularly in the three main areas of revenues – land tax, military service, and the state granary system – heaped additional hardship on the peasantry. Of special note is the corruption of the local functionaries ( 10668:

For the Korean War the only hard statistic is that of American military deaths, which included 33,629 battle deaths and 20,617 who died of other causes. The North Korean and Chinese Communists never published statistics of their casualties. The number of South Korean military deaths has been given as

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Various encyclopedias state that the countries involved in the three-year conflict suffered a total of more than 4 million casualties, of which at least 2 million were civilians—a higher percentage than in World War II or Vietnam. A total of 36,940 Americans lost their lives in the Korean theater; of

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From what Ennin tells us, it seems that commerce between East China, Korea and Japan was, for the most part, in the hands of men from Silla. Here in the relatively dangerous waters on the eastern fringes of the world, they performed the same functions as did the traders of the placid Mediterranean on

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families, formerly well-respected for their status as a noble class and being powerful both "socially and politically", were increasingly seen as little more than commoners unwilling to meet their responsibilities to their communities. Faced with increasing corruption in the government, brigandage of

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and invaded Goguryeo again, but was unable to overcome Goguryeo's stalwart defenses and was defeated in 662. However, Yeon Gaesomun died of a natural cause in 666 and Goguryeo was thrown into chaos and weakened by a succession struggle among his sons and younger brother, with his eldest son defecting

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in 244. This forced the king to flee with Cao Wei in pursuit and broke Goguryeo's rule over the Okjeo and Ye, damaging its economy. The king eventually settled in a new capital, and Goguryeo focused on rebuilding and regaining control. In the early 4th century Goguryeo once again attacked the Chinese

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The expulsion of the Japanese in 1945 removed practically all administrative and technical expertise. While the Japanese only comprised 2.6 percent of the population in 1944, they were an urban elite. The largest 50 cities contained 71 percent of the Japanese but only 12 percent of the Koreans. They

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agriculture with a multitude of crops in the Early Mumun Period (1500–850 BC). The first societies led by big-men or chiefs emerged in the Middle Mumun (850–550 BC), and the first ostentatious elite burials can be traced to the Late Mumun (c. 550–300 BC). Bronze production began in the Middle Mumun

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Out of this great war at the end of the 16th century and the Manchu invasions of 1627 and 1636–1637, Koreans emerged with a discernible sense of themselves as a distinct ethnic united by birth, language, and belief forged by this immense clash of the three great powers of East Asia ... Korea

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With three of the four major Cold War fault lines—divided Germany, divided Korea, divided China, and divided Vietnam—East Asia acquired the dubious distinction of having engendered the largest number of armed conflicts resulting in higher fatalities between 1945 and 1994 than any other region or

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of Korea reached 22% in 1945. The school curriculum was radically modified to eliminate teaching of the Korean language and history. The Korean language was banned, and Koreans were forced to adopt Japanese names, and newspapers were prohibited from publishing in Korean. Numerous Korean cultural

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As of 1926, the Korean language was taught for 4 hours a week for the first and second year of a common school having a six-year course, 3 for the rest of the course. Both Japanese and Koreans paid school-fees, without exception. The average fee in a common school was about 25 cents a month. The

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Korea became linked by telegraph to China in 1888 with Chinese controlled telegraphs. China permitted Korea to establish embassies with Russia (1884), Italy (1885), France (1886), the United States, and Japan. China attempted to block the exchange of embassies in Western countries, but not with

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to reform the Goryeo government. Gongmin had various problems that needed to be dealt with, including the removal of pro-Yuan aristocrats and military officials, the question of land holding, and quelling the growing animosity between the Buddhists and Confucian scholars. During this tumultuous

1942:, and elsewhere indicate that the Mumun era was the first in which chiefdoms rose, expanded, and collapsed. The increasing presence of long-distance trade, an increase in local conflicts, and the introduction of bronze and iron metallurgy are trends denoting the end of the Mumun around 300 BC. 1961:

is often held to have begun around 900–800 BC, though the transition to the Bronze Age may have begun as far back as 2300 BC. Bronze daggers, mirrors, jewelry, and weaponry have been found, as well as evidence of walled-town polities. Rice, red beans, soybeans and millet were cultivated, and

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Before it ended, the Korean War cost over 3 million people their lives, including over 50,000 US servicemen and women and a much higher number of Chinese and Korean lives. The war also set in motion a number of changes that led to the militarization and intensification of the Cold

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for 10 days and had amiable contact with local officials. Several Americans shipwrecked on Korea in 1855 and 1865 were also treated well and sent to China for repatriation. The Joseon court was aware of the foreign invasions and treaties involving Qing China, as well as the

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So far as primary and secondary education in Korea were classified as being for “those habitually using the Korean language”, and for “those habitually using the Japanese language”. Thus, the ethnic Koreans could attend the schools primarily for Japanese, and vice versa.

3806:) and exploited by the elite, many poor village folk sought to pool their resources, such as land, tools, and production, to survive. Despite the government effort in bringing an end to the practice of owning slaves in 1801, slavery in Korea remained legal until 1894. 3311:, known historiographically as "Later Baekje" and "Later Goguryeo". During the late 9th century, as Silla declined in power and exorbitant taxes were imposed on the people, rebellions erupted nationwide and powerful regional lords rose up against the waning kingdom. 4538:

The unconditional surrender of Japan, brought about the liberation of Korea. However the fundamental shifts in global politics and ideology in post-war World led to the division of Korea into two occupation zones, effectively starting on September 8, 1945. The

4719:, is the current leader, taking power after his father's death in 2011. After the Soviet Union's dissolution in 1991, the North Korean economy went on a path of steep decline, and it is currently heavily reliant on international food aid and trade with China. 3909:

During Joseon dynasty, a social hierarchy system existed that greatly affected Korea's social development. The king and the royal family were atop the hereditary system, with the next tier being a class of civil or military officials and landowners known as

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burial sites are found throughout the peninsula. Contemporaneous records suggest that Gojoseon transitioned from a feudal federation of walled cities into a centralised kingdom at least before the 4th-century BC. It is believed that by the 4th century BC,

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was completed, and there were great developments in printing and publishing, promoting learning and dispersing knowledge on philosophy, literature, religion, and science; by 1100, there were 12 universities that produced famous scholars and scientists.

8585: 3329:, the capital of Unified Silla, and placed a puppet on the throne. Eventually, Kyŏn Hwŏn was ousted by his sons due to a succession dispute and escaped to Goryeo, where he served as a general in the conquest of the kingdom he personally founded. 4551:. The Provisional Government was ignored, mainly due to American belief that it was too aligned with the communists. This division was meant to be temporary and was intended to return a unified Korea back to its people after the United States, 5352:, p. 443: "An extreme manifestation of nationalism and the family cult was the revival of interest in Tangun, the mythical founder of the first Korean state... Most textbooks and professional historians, however, treat him as a myth." 3997:). Prior to the war, Korea sent two ambassadors to scout for signs of Japan's intentions of invading Korea. However, they came back with two different reports, and while the politicians split into sides, few proactive measures were taken. 4205:. The imperial government aimed to become a strong and independent nation by implementing domestic reforms, strengthening military forces, developing commerce and industry, and surveying land ownership. Organizations like the 2720:

provinces) of the peninsula and became a significant political and military power. In the process, Baekje came into fierce confrontation with Goguryeo and the Chinese commanderies in the vicinity of its territorial ambitions.

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Following the signing of the treaty, many intellectuals and scholars set up various organizations and associations, embarking on movements for independence. In 1907, Gojong was forced to abdicate after Japan learned that he

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After the annexation, Japan set out to suppress many traditional Korean customs, including eventually even the Korean language itself. Economic policies were implemented primarily for Japanese benefit. European-styled

3931:, constituted the largest class in Korea. They had obligations to pay taxes, provide labor, and serve in the military. By paying land taxes to the state, they were allowed to cultivate land and farm. The lowest class, 6298: 4060:

In 1866, reacting to greater numbers of Korean converts to Catholicism despite several waves of persecutions, the Joseon court clamped down on them, massacring French Catholic missionaries and Korean converts alike.

2656:. Silla succeeded in gaining control over most of the Korean Peninsula, while Tang gained control over Goguryeo's northern territories. However, 30 years after the fall of Goguryeo, a Goguryeo general by the name of 3817:, dissuading membership by the upper class. The peasants continued to be drawn to Christian egalitarianism, though mainly in urban and suburban areas. Arguably of greater influence were the religious teachings of 3047:. Silla attacked Tang forces in Baekje and northern Korea in 671. Tang then invaded Silla in 674 but Silla drove the Tang forces out of the peninsula by 676 to achieve unification of most of the Korean peninsula. 3948:

focused system started to change in the late 17th century as political, economic and social changes came into place. By the 19th century, new commercial groups emerged, and the active social mobility caused the

12169:"But when Emperor Wu conquered Choson, all the small barbarian tribes in the northeastern region were incorporated into the established Han commanderies because of the overwhelming military might of Han China." 8595: 6264: 3733:

Corruption in government and social unrest prevailed after 1776. The government attempted sweeping reforms in the late 19th century, but adhered to a strict isolationist policy, earning Korea the nickname

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after the fall of Wiman Joseon. The location of the commanderies has become a controversial topic in Korea in recent years. However, the location of the commanderies is not controversial outside of Korea.

7832: 2055:, said to be descended from heaven. While no evidence has been found that supports whatever facts may lie beneath this, the account has played an important role in developing Korean national identity. 2759:

of East Asia, was instrumental in the dissemination of Buddhism throughout East Asia and continental culture to Japan. Baekje played a fundamental role in transmitting cultural developments, such as

4405:, China, in the aftermath of the March 1 Movement, which coordinated the liberation effort and resistance against Japanese rule. Some of the achievements of the Provisional Government included the 3953:

class to expand, resulting in the weakening of the old class system. The Korea government ordered the freedom of government slaves in 1801. The class system of Korea was completely banned in 1894.

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before its fall. It never became a fully developed kingdom due to the intervention of its neighboring kingdoms. Okjeo became a tributary of Goguryeo, and was eventually annexed into Goguryeo by

3273:("History of the Three Kingdoms"), includes passages on Balhae, but did not include a dynastic history of Balhae. Balhae was first included in Korean history by Goryeo scholar Yi Seung-hyu's 1690:). In 1948, when the great powers failed to agree on the formation of a single government, this partition became the modern states of North and South Korea. The peninsula was divided at the 5382:: "The Tangun myth became more popular with groups that wanted Korea to be independent; the Kija myth was more useful to those who wanted to show that Korea had a strong affinity to China." 3809:

At this time, Catholic and Protestant missions were well tolerated among the nobles, most notably in and around the area of Seoul. Animus and persecution by more conservative elements, the

2079:, attributed to 7th century BCE. By about the 4th century BC, Gojoseon had developed to the point where its existence was well known in China, and around this time, its capital moved to 2602:

and becoming the most dominant power of the Korean peninsula. Jangsu's long reign of 79 years saw the perfecting of Goguryeo's political, economic and other institutional arrangements.

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In addition, 73 tombs similar to the ones found in Japan, estimated to date back to Gojoseon (100 BC), have been found in the southern tip of the Korean peninsula, and the discovery of

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led by Yu Kye-chun, Choe was charged with "misleading the people and sowing discord in society". Choe was executed in 1864, sending many of his followers into hiding in the mountains.

1879:, or "comb-pattern pottery", is found after 7000 BC, and is concentrated at sites in west-central regions of the Korean Peninsula, where a number of prehistoric settlements, such as 9653: 4336:

networks were constructed across the nation in order to extract resources and exploit labor. However, much of the built infrastructure was later destroyed during the devastating

3343:). The kingdom was based in the northern regions, which were the strongholds of Goguryeo refugees. Later Goguryeo's name was changed to Majin in 904, and Taebong in 911. In 918, 1949:, suggest a close relationship with Japan, and Gojoseon, proving that Gojoseon and Yayoi period Japan maintained close relations with one another even during the ancient times. 1577:(1418–1450) implemented numerous administrative, social, scientific, and economic reforms, established royal authority in the early years of the dynasty, and personally created 10351:

Morgan E. Clippinger, “Problems of the Modernization of Korea: the Development of Modernized Elites Under Japanese Occupation” ‘’Asiatic Research Bulletin’’ (1963) 6#6 pp 1–11.

6859: 12057:"Immediately after destroying Wiman Chosŏn, the Han empire established administrative units to rule large territories in the northern Korean peninsula and southern Manchuria." 9176:

The Mongolian-Khitan invasions of the late tenth century challenge the stability of the Koryo government, but a period of prosperity follows the defeat of the Khitan in 1018..

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sub-region. Even in Asia, while Central and South Asia produced a regional total of 2.8 million in human fatalities, East Asia's regional total is 10.4 million including the

11633: 2885:, but it used cunning diplomatic means to make opportunistic pacts and alliances with the more powerful Korean kingdoms, and eventually Tang China, to its great advantage. 4696:, auto manufacturing, and petroleum refining. Today, South Korea is a leading economy and a technological powerhouse, rivaling even countries such as the United States in 4190:

was concluded between China and Japan. It stipulated the abolition of subordinate relationships Korea had with China, in which Korea was a client state of China since the

11915:日韓併合 : 歴史再検証 : 韓民族を救った「日帝36年」の真実(The Japanese annexation of Korea:Reverification of history:The truth of 36 years lasted "Ilje Gangjeom-gi" that rescued Korean) 7429:

Korea and Her Neighbours.: A Narrative of Travel, with an Account of the Recent Vicissitudes and Present Position of the Country. With a Preface by Sir Walter C. Hillier

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broke out when North Korea breached the 38th parallel line to invade the South, ending any hope of a peaceful reunification for the time being. After the war, the 1954

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in Korea. Five years later, the reclusive Korea signed a trade treaty with Japan, and in 1882 signed a treaty with the United States, ending centuries of isolationism.

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provinces, which dates the Paleolithic Age to half a million years ago, though it may have begun as late as 400,000 years ago or as early as 600,000–700,000 years ago.

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from Baekje. Goguryeo experienced a golden age under Gwanggaeto and Jangsu, who both subdued Baekje and Silla during their times, achieving a brief unification of the

5392:: "If a choice is to be made between them, one is faced with the fact that the Tangun, with his supernatural origin, is more clearly a mythological figure than Kija." 10451: 4886: 4570:

to discuss the future of Korea. A five-year trusteeship was discussed, and a joint Soviet-American commission was established. The commission met intermittently in

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Moving on from cheap, lower-value light industry exports, the South Korean economy eventually moved onto more capital-intensive, higher-value industries, such as

2277:. This time period consisted of numerous states that sprang up from the former territories of Gojoseon. Among these states, the largest and most influential were 5501: 4102:

in 1884. The reformers sought to reform Korea's institutionalized social inequality, by proclaiming social equality and the elimination of the privileges of the

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in 918 and became the ruling dynasty of Korea by 936. It was named "Goryeo" because Wang Kŏn, who was of Goguryeo descent, deemed the nation as the successor of

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Silla began to experience political troubles in late 8th century. This severely weakened Silla and soon thereafter, descendants of the former Baekje established

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The 3rd and 4th centuries were characterized by territorial competition with the Chinese and Xianbei, resulting in both losses and gains. Goguryeo initiated the

1631:(1897–1910) came into existence, heralding a brief but rapid period of social reform and modernization. However, in 1905, the Korean Empire was forced to sign a 7866: 10682:"Corea del Sur no es un milagro | Un Estado muy fuerte, industrialización, extrema flexibilización laboral y conglomerados familiares. El papel de EE.UU" 2169:

arose in the southern part of the Korean peninsula. Very little is known about Jin, but it established relations with Han China and exported artifacts to the

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Due to Soviet Influence, North Korea established a communist government with a hereditary succession of leadership, with ties to China and the Soviet Union.

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period. Gaya's plains were rich in iron, so export of iron tools was possible and agriculture flourished. In the early centuries, the Confederacy was led by

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people are likely not the direct ancestors of the present Korean people, but their direct ancestors are thought to be the Neolithic People of about 2000 BC.

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marshalled his forces and tried to invade the Asian continent through Korea, but was eventually repelled by the Korean military, with the assistance of the

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failed to adopt a solution for a unified Korea. Approximately 3 million people died in the Korean War, with a higher proportional civilian death toll than

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emigrated to Goryeo, where he was absorbed into the ruling family, thus unifying the two successor states of Goguryeo. During the Goryeo period, laws were

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Buddhism flourished during this time, and many Korean Buddhists gained great fame among Chinese Buddhists and contributed to Chinese Buddhism, including:

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artifacts were destroyed or taken to Japan. According to an investigation by the South Korean government, 75,311 cultural assets were taken from Korea.

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A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East [6 volumes]: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East

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forces entered Korea by amphibious landings, enabling them to secure control in the north. Japan surrendered to the Allied Forces on August 15, 1945.

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South Korea eventually transitioned into a market-oriented democracy in 1987 largely due to popular demand for political reform, and then hosted the

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Internal conflicts within the royal court, civil unrest and other political struggles plagued the nation in the years that followed, worsened by the

3095:, and during the 8th and 9th centuries dominated the seas of East Asia and the trade between China, Korea and Japan, most notably during the time of 9835:"A Study of Functionality of the "Symbol" on Nationalism in Modern Korea: Activities of the Independence Club and the Independence Arch (1896–1899)" 4252:, for Ito's intrusions on the Korean politics. This prompted the Japanese to ban all political organizations and proceed with plans for annexation. 4069:, an island near Seoul, and tried to advance to Seoul, but failed due to strong resistance from the Korean army, and then withdrew from the island. 3785:(r. 1800–34) ascended the Korean throne, with the true power of the administration residing with his regent, Kim Jo-sun, as a representative of the 8295:孤雲集(Gounjib): ... 渤海之源流也句驪未滅之時本爲疣贅部落靺羯之屬寔繁有徒是名栗末小蕃甞逐句驪, 內徙其首領乞四羽及大祚榮等至武后臨朝之際自營州作孼而逃輒據荒丘始稱振國時有句驪遺燼勿吉雜流梟音則嘯聚白山鴟義則喧張黑姶與契丹濟惡旋於突厥通謀萬里耨苗累拒渡遼之轍十年食葚晚陳降漢之旗. 5693: 3834: 3696:, in the summary by her editor William Haboush in 2016, interpreted the decisive impact of the victories against the Japanese and Manchu invaders: 2968:

Constantly engaged in war with the three kingdoms surrounding it, Gaya was not developed to form a unified state, and was ultimately absorbed into

2692:, a Goguryeo prince and the third son of Jumong, the founder of Goguryeo, in 18 BC. Baekje and Goguryeo shared founding myths and originated from 13207: 12519: 12507: 11140: 9300: 4398: 4321: 4265: 3546:

dynasty, took power in a coup in 1388 and after serving as the power behind the throne for two monarchs, established the Joseon dynasty in 1392.

2775:. Other aspects of culture were also transmitted when the Baekje court retreated to Japan after Baekje was conquered by the Silla–Tang alliance. 1683: 1652: 678: 10375: 6962: 4386:

died in January 1919, with rumors of poisoning, independence rallies against the Japanese colonizers took place nationwide on 1 March 1919 (the

3075:

Grotto are examples of advanced Korean architecture and Buddhist influence. Other state-sponsored art and architecture from this period include

6078: 5674: 10335: 5635: 4609:, making it perhaps the deadliest conflict of the Cold War-era. In addition, virtually all of Korea's major cities were destroyed by the war. 3467:

during seven major campaigns and 39 years of struggle, but were unable to conquer Korea. Exhausted after decades of fighting, Goryeo sent its

2645:

and his younger brother defecting to Silla. The Tang–Silla alliance mounted a fresh invasion in 667, aided by the defector Yeon Namsaeng, and

13852: 12822: 7343: 6981: 5780: 10226: 10117: 7060: 7017: 6133: 6027: 4417:

government of the Korean people between 1919 and 1948. The legitimacy of the provisional government is enshrined into the preamble of the

3642:

During the 15th and 16th centuries, Joseon enjoyed many benevolent rulers who promoted education and science. Most notable among them was

3285:

advocated the proper study of Balhae as part of Korean history, and coined the term "North and South States Period" to refer to this era.

2870:

By the 2nd century, Silla was a large state, occupying and influencing nearby city-states. Silla gained further power when it annexed the

12938: 12848: 12817: 12704: 11853:

Japan and Foreign Laborers: Chinese and Korean Laborers in the late 1890s and early 1920s (近代日本と外国人労働者―1890年代後半と1920年代前半における中国人・朝鮮人労働者問題)

9451: 9412: 9249: 9107: 9068: 8227: 8189: 8150: 8111: 8072: 8033: 7994: 7916: 7761: 7671: 7632: 4038:

During the 19th century, Joseon tried to control foreign influence by closing its borders to all nations. In 1853 the American whaleship

3986: 3962: 3937:, included tenant farmers, slaves, entertainers, craftsmen, prostitutes, laborers, shamans, vagabonds, outcasts, and criminals. Although 3925:, were technical specialists such as scribes, medical officers, technicians in science-related fields, artists and musicians. Commoners, 3662: 3060: 2629: 1722:. After immense material and human destruction, the conflict ended with a ceasefire in 1953. In 1991, both states were accepted into the 1589: 1361: 918: 912: 12041:"They place it northwest of the peninsula, possibly near Beijing, in order to de-emphasize China's influence on ancient Korean history." 8408: 8367: 7955: 7738: 7241: 7123: 6705: 10234: 10076: 9650: 5643: 4527:

on November 22, 1943, the US, UK, and China agreed that "in due course Korea shall become free and independent"; at a later meeting in

3639:, implemented numerous administrative, social, and economic reforms and established royal authority in the early years of the dynasty. 2137:

remained as a center of cultural and economic exchange with successive Chinese dynasties for four centuries, until it was conquered by

1392: 972: 900: 4670:. The unparalleled economic miracle brought South Korea from one of the poorest states in the world after the Korean War into a fully 4209:

also rallied to assert the rights of the Joseon people, but clashed with the government which proclaimed absolute monarchy and power.

2246: 1918:

Archaeological evidence demonstrates that agricultural societies and the earliest forms of social-political complexity emerged in the

13526: 12841: 9929: 6800:

A History of the Early Korean Kingdom of Paekche, together with an annotated translation of "The Paekche Annals" of the "Samguk sagi"

5613: 4697: 3207:

was founded only thirty years after Goguryeo had fallen, in 698. It was founded in the northern part of former lands of Goguryeo by

12931: 5293:

Wontack Hong, "The Yemaek Tungus of Central Manchuria and Korean Peninsula: Interactions between the Xianbei and the Yemaek Tungus"

3793:), who could purchase an appointment as an administrator and so cloak their predations on the farmers with an aura of officialdom. 10437: 9310: 8906: 5136: 5117: 1639:; the treaties involved were later confirmed to be null and void. Korea then became a de facto Japanese colony from 1910 to 1945. 13801: 12836: 12800: 12684: 12651: 11639: 7473: 5716: 5456: 4774: 2728:, Baekje absorbed all of the Mahan states and subjugated most of the western Korean peninsula (including the modern provinces of 8936: 3238:. Balhae was called the "Prosperous Country in the East". However, Balhae was severely weakened and eventually conquered by the 2782:, but was critically defeated by Gwanggaeto the Great and declined. Ultimately, Baekje was defeated by a coalition of Silla and 2594:, expanded the country into almost all of Manchuria, parts of Inner Mongolia, parts of Russia, and took the present-day city of 13862: 12293: 7771: 7377: 5607: 5067:

Kim Jongseo, Jeong Inji, et al. "Goryeosa (The History of Goryeo)", 1451, Article for July 934, 17th year in the Reign of Taejo

4966: 4574:

but members deadlocked over the issue of establishing a national government. In September 1947, with no solution in sight, the

4031:

suzerainty. Though Joseon respected its traditional tributary position to China, there was persistent loyalty for the perished

3658:, military technology, geography, cartography, medicine, and agricultural technology, some of which were unrivaled elsewhere. 13130: 12921: 12879: 12768: 12753: 12699: 12158: 12130: 12102: 12074: 12030: 12004: 11922: 11903: 11879: 11860: 11841: 11813: 11787: 11766: 11742: 11721: 11699: 11678: 11656: 11600: 11573: 11552: 11531: 11512: 11458: 11437: 11338: 11310: 11279: 11256: 11222: 11201: 11178: 11159: 11124: 11103: 11084: 11065: 11044: 11025: 11006: 10978: 10943: 10907: 10876: 10848: 10829: 10808: 10787: 10741: 10718: 10661: 10623: 10580: 10539: 10488: 10127: 10094: 10048: 9628: 9581: 9523: 9497: 9445: 9406: 9373: 9243: 9162: 9101: 9062: 9028: 8809: 8775: 8697: 8628: 8402: 8361: 8221: 8183: 8144: 8105: 8066: 8027: 7988: 7949: 7910: 7876: 7842: 7732: 7665: 7626: 7560: 7523: 7483: 7437: 7387: 7353: 7316: 7235: 7117: 7083: 6937: 6903: 6869: 6823: 6699: 6665: 6603: 6537: 6503: 6469: 6342: 6308: 6274: 6240: 6206: 6127: 6088: 6054: 5891: 5864: 6246: 2257:

The Proto-Three Kingdoms period, sometimes called the Several States Period (열국시대,列國時代), is the time before the rise of the

12926: 11389: 8475: 4749: 4062: 3941:

status was hereditary, they could be sold or freed at officially set prices, and the mistreatment of slaves was forbidden.

3710: 2874:

in 562. Silla often faced pressure from Goguryeo, Baekje and Japan, and at various times allied and warred with Baekje and

2828:

temple, 634 AD, which once stood seven to nine stories in height, yet these collapsed to its current state of three stories

2682: 2605:

Goguryeo was a highly militaristic state; in addition to contesting for control of the Korean Peninsula, Goguryeo had many

1232: 12232: 10458: 8965: 7147: 4883: 3269:, and maintained hostile relations with the Liao for destroying Balhae. However, Goryeo's official historical record, the 2586:

Goguryeo reached its zenith in the 5th century, becoming a powerful empire and one of the great powers in East Asia, when

13776: 12763: 12451: 3050:

Unified Silla was a golden age of art and culture. During this period, long-distance trade between Unified Silla and the

1504: 431: 4106:

class. The reformers were backed by Japan, and were thwarted by the arrival of Qing troops, invited by the conservative

3325:). The kingdom was based in the southwestern regions in the former territories of Baekje. In 927, Later Baekje attacked 1600:) repelled these Japanese invasions, but at a cost to both countries. Henceforth, Joseon gradually became more and more 13077: 13072: 13001: 10407: 10191: 5185:

Chong Pil Choe, Martin T. Bale, "Current Perspectives on Settlement, Subsistence, and Cultivation in Prehistoric Korea"

5156: 4474:, which took part in allied action in China and parts of South East Asia. Tens of thousands of Koreans also joined the 4249: 4233: 10587:

In Korea, war in the early 1950s cost nearly 3 million lives, including nearly a million civilian dead in South Korea.

3375: 13821: 13115: 13087: 13011: 11365: 9760: 8441: 7808: 7201: 7000: 6011: 5587: 4974: 4639: 4560: 4092: 4088: 3483:

accepted, and married one of his daughters to the Korean crown prince, and for the following 80 years Goryeo existed

2544:

centralized the government. Goguryeo was the first Korean kingdom to adopt Buddhism as the state religion in 372, in

2233: 2133:

in the northern Korean peninsula. Three of the commanderies fell or retreated westward within a few decades, but the

8725: 8652: 8467: 6400: 6332: 4486:

largely dominated the ranks of the well-educated occupations. Meanwhile, 71 percent of the Koreans worked on farms.

4394:'s speech of 1919, declaring support for right of self-determination and an end to colonial rule after World War I. 3495:. The two nations became intertwined for 80 years as all subsequent Korean kings married Mongol princesses, and the 13197: 12874: 12748: 12547: 12543: 12189:

Literally "old Joseon", the term was first coined in the 13th century AD to differentiate the ancient kingdom from

8741: 7403: 5498: 3631:

as the country's official religion, and pursued the creation of a strong bureaucratic state. His son and grandson,

3409:(in present-day North Korea) the capital. The dynasty lasted until 1392, although the government was controlled by 3347:, a prominent general of Goguryeo descent, deposed the increasingly despotic and paranoid Kung Ye, and established 2678: 2501: 1761: 1727: 884: 6196: 2613:, in which Goguryeo defeated a huge force traditionally said to number over a million men, and contributed to the 13120: 12943: 12588: 12399: 10383: 10160: 8846: 6748: 6720: 6631: 6373: 6167: 5965: 5747: 5251: 4764: 4579: 3966: 2749: 2748:) to a centralized government. Baekje acquired Chinese culture and technology through maritime contacts with the 2251: 1469: 244: 10272:

G.H.Q. U・S Army Forces, Summation of U・S Army Military Government Activities in Korea Vol.2. No.5-16, 1946, p.32

7455: 5932: 5825: 5006: 1930:

and became increasingly important in ceremonial and political society after 700 BC. Archeological evidence from

12906: 10434:"Avalon Project – A Decade of American Foreign Policy 1941–1949 – Interim Meeting of Foreign Ministers, Moscow" 8559: 7169: 7041: 6044: 5787: 5525: 5508: 5442: 4907: 4740: 4643: 4290: 4221: 3512: 3265:

absorbed some Balhae territory, welcomed between 100,000 to 200,000 Balhae refugees including its Crown Prince

1636: 1632: 1385: 965: 846: 822: 759: 143: 17: 9849: 5690: 5540:

Chandra, Vipan; Eckert, Carter J.; Lee, Ki-baik; Lew, Young Ick; Robinson, Michael; Wagner, Edward W. (1993).

4884:

Jong Chan Kim, Christopher J Bae, "Radiocarbon Dates Documenting The Neolithic-Bronze Age Transition in Korea"

3650:, the Korean alphabet. This golden age saw great cultural and scientific advancements, including in printing, 13519: 13202: 12958: 12894: 12694: 12661: 12656: 12238: 9975: 8987: 6432: 6416: 4736: 4462:

for exile in China, the United States, and elsewhere. Koreans in Manchuria formed resistance groups known as

3451:. After defeating the Khitan Empire, Goryeo experienced a golden age that lasted a century, during which the 2981: 2908:, son of Muyeol and nephew of Kim, launched another campaign in 667 and Goguryeo fell in the following year. 2863:, with less Chinese influence than are shown by Goguryeo and Baekje. Silla expanded rapidly by occupying the 2745: 2697: 1585: 1366: 779: 9603:

Ryu Dae Young, "Treaties, Extraterritorial Rights, and American Protestant Missions in Late Joseon Korea."

9573:

Emergent Economies, Divergent Paths: Economic Organization and International Trade in South Korea and Taiwan

4364: 4305: 3709:, Joseon experienced a nearly 200-year period of external peace. However internally, the bitter and violent 3230:

In a time of relative peace and stability in the region, Balhae flourished, especially during the reigns of

2848:, and Silla later emerged as a sea power responsible for destroying Japanese pirates, especially during the 2566:

by attacking a Chinese fortress in 242 in an attempt to cut off Chinese access to its territories in Korea.

13611: 13374: 13283: 12853: 11752: 11370:

Kim, Duol, and Ki-Joo Park. "A Cliometric Revolution in the Economic History of Korea: A Critical Review,"

6148: 4631:

in 1948, a series of autocratic governments took power in South Korea with American support and influence.

4463: 4229: 4016: 3884: 3686: 3655: 2606: 2478: 1857: 1648: 1640: 1079: 872: 810: 804: 41: 7592: 4531:

in February 1945, the Allies agreed to establish a four-power trusteeship over Korea. On August 14, 1945,

1417:

began roughly half a million years ago. The earliest known Korean pottery dates to around 8000 BC and the

13857: 13187: 13182: 13145: 13140: 13054: 12901: 12869: 12780: 12743: 12523: 9122: 6655: 4479: 4475: 1908: 1675: 6815:

Encyclopedia of Korean Folk Literature: Encyclopedia of Korean Folklore and Traditional Culture Vol. III

2994:, during the time when Silla controlled the majority of the Korean peninsula while Balhae expanded into 2816: 13816: 13721: 13364: 13034: 12807: 12689: 12608: 12359: 12286: 10568: 8899:"Korean Classics : Asian Collections: An Illustrated Guide (Library of Congress – Asian Division)" 4779: 2855:

Silla artifacts, including unique gold metalwork, show influence from the northern nomadic steppes and

2491: 1620: 1282: 1167: 933: 877: 703: 5777: 13921: 13480: 13424: 12884: 12758: 12502: 12354: 12349: 12262:

History of Corea, Ancient and Modern; with Description of Manners and Customs, Language and Geography

10733: 10710: 10372: 10223: 9051:

Bulliet, Richard; Crossley, Pamela; Headrick, Daniel; Hirsch, Steven; Johnson, Lyman (January 2014).

8564: 6529:

Human Security and the Chinese State: Historical Transformations and the Modern Quest for Sovereignty

4759: 4754: 4642:

was applied. President Park developed the South Korean economy through a series of highly successful

4261: 3743: 3464: 3139: 2580: 2091: 1547: 1378: 1152: 1147: 958: 905: 891: 817: 799: 769: 668: 52: 10681: 9790:

Haryong Kim (1963). "Problems of the Modernization of Korea: The Modernization of Korean Politics".

7980:

Spreading Buddha's Word in East Asia: The Formation and Transformation of the Chinese Buddhist Canon

6094: 5671: 3890:

The most notable cultural event of this era is the creation and promulgation of the Korean alphabet

1460:

was formed in southern Korea by the 3rd century BC. In the late 2nd century BC, Gojoseon eventually

13826: 13543: 13512: 13485: 13442: 13392: 13326: 13135: 13125: 13097: 13021: 12948: 12916: 12889: 12795: 12676: 12643: 12598: 12420: 11412: 10332: 10145:大韓民国の物語 (Story of Republic of Korea, Lectures on "Re-acknowledging before and after the liberation) 5625: 4667: 4141: 4040: 3484: 3198: 2652:

After the collapse of Goguryeo, Tang and Silla ended their alliance and fought over control of the

2149: 2130: 2006: 1988: 1765: 1746: 1461: 334: 6978: 5881: 3612:

class, scholars who passed up positions of wealth and power to lead lives of study and integrity.

13771: 13736: 13691: 13475: 13447: 13397: 12911: 12790: 12785: 12613: 12427: 11666: 10653: 10480: 10095:"Legal Categories, Demographic Change and Japan's Korean Residents in the Long Twentieth Century" 8264: 4744: 4183: 4137: 4020: 3689: 3413:

between 1170 and 1270. Goryeo (also spelled as Koryŏ) is the source of the English name "Korea".

2882: 2844:

in 57 BC, in the southeastern area of Korea. Its territory included the present-day port city of

2633: 2625: 2599: 2461: 2332: 2258: 2205: 1823: 1488: 1237: 1123: 1118: 865: 859: 853: 789: 347: 11504: 11498: 11377:

Kim, Hieyoon. "Living with a Postcolonial Conundrum: Yi Yŏngil and Korean Film Historiography."

8497: 7023: 6198:

Rediscovering Russia in Asia: Siberia and the Russian Far East: Siberia and the Russian Far East

4700:. South Korean pop culture has also boomed abroad in recent years, in a phenomenon known as the 4155:, who had sought Russian help, and the Russians were forced to retreat from Korea for the time. 3351:. By 936, Goryeo conquered its rivals and achieved the unification of the Later Three Kingdoms. 2998:. During this time, culture and technology significantly advanced, especially in Unified Silla. 1791: 13661: 13656: 13551: 13452: 13434: 13402: 13384: 13092: 13064: 13016: 12993: 12953: 12773: 12666: 12628: 12603: 12538: 12534: 12265: 11592: 11302: 11248: 10572: 6579: 6117: 4689: 4622: 4618: 4598: 4471: 4448: 4309: 4122: 3528: 3410: 3366: 3211:, a former Goguryeo general or chief of Sumo Mohe. Balhae controlled the northern areas of the 1876: 1847: 1827: 1750: 1738: 841: 735: 724: 112: 34: 30: 12255: 12148: 12120: 12092: 12064: 11689: 10615: 9435: 9396: 9233: 9154: 9091: 9052: 8735: 8211: 8173: 8134: 8095: 8056: 8017: 7978: 7900: 7775: 7655: 7616: 7515: 6927: 6493: 6445: 6426: 6251:

He launched a military expedition to expand his territory, opening the golden age of Goguryeo.

5908: 5854: 5369: 5362:: "Although Kija may have truly existed as a historical figure, Tangun is more problematical." 2778:

Baekje was once a great military power on the Korean Peninsula, especially during the time of

2051:(1281) and other medieval Korean books, states that the country was established in 2333 BC by 13781: 13756: 13671: 13651: 13601: 13571: 13561: 13082: 13049: 13006: 12279: 12050: 11613: 11563: 10782:. Korea Institute Series. Published for the Korea Institute, Harvard University by Ilchokak. 10308:"Korea: A Tussle over Treasures — Who rightfully owns Korean artifacts looted by Japan?" 10119:

Lever of Empire: The International Gold Standard and the Crisis of Liberalism in Prewar Japan

10038: 9513: 9353: 9196: 9132: 8765: 8751: 8687: 8618: 8431: 8392: 8351: 7939: 7722: 7602: 7413: 7225: 7211: 7107: 7073: 6813: 6786: 6758: 6730: 6689: 6641: 6563: 6527: 6459: 6410: 6182: 6001: 5439: 5389: 5359: 4723: 4187: 4004:

as he contributed to eventually repelling the Japanese forces with the innovative use of his

3906:

in 1446. This period also saw various other cultural, scientific and technological advances.

3515:

in 1359 and 1360, and defeated the final attempt by the Yuan to dominate Goryeo when General

3448: 3439:, which was the most powerful empire of its time, invaded Goryeo but was defeated by General 3370: 2646: 1757: 1356: 1351: 1106: 1101: 11994: 11584: 11396:

Reconstructing ancient Korean history: the formation of Korean-ness in the shadow of history

11267: 11240: 10603: 10560: 10065: 9487: 6161: 5379: 4638:

in 1961, a new economic policy began. In order to promote economic development, a policy of

3178: 2390:, and the two kingdoms faced the same fate of becoming tributaries of the growing empire of 13867: 13746: 13741: 13621: 13457: 13407: 13192: 12467: 11952: 11894: 9947: 9680: 9316: 9276: 9213: 8867: 8825: 7700: 6959: 4784: 4682: 4678: 4406: 3294: 3261:

No historical records from Balhae have survived, and the Liao left no histories of Balhae.

3150: 2942: 2733: 2713: 2610: 2587: 2563: 2541: 2433: 2419: 2373: 2073:

The historical Gojoseon kingdom was first mentioned in the Chinese record in a text called

2038:

kingdom, located in the north of the peninsula and Manchuria, later alongside the state of

1919: 1864: 1851: 1835: 1715: 1511: 1341: 1177: 1172: 494: 301: 132: 11384:

Michael, K. I. M. "Cosmopolitanism, Nationalism, and Transnationalism in Korean History."

11037:

Historical Atlas of Northeast Asia, 1590-2010: Korea, Manchuria, Mongolia, Eastern Siberia

9926: 6080:

Averting Global War: Regional Challenges, Overextension, and Options for American Strategy

2664:

and successfully expelled the Tang presence from much of the former Goguryeo territories.

8: 13841: 13811: 13761: 13716: 13696: 13686: 13586: 13344: 13321: 13288: 13039: 10164: 9879: 9867: 8850: 5969: 5936: 5829: 5751: 5014: 4548: 4152: 4107: 4084: 3856: 3848: 3844: 3605: 3502:

In the 1350s, the Yuan dynasty declined rapidly due to internal struggles, enabling King

3065: 3029: 2841: 2779: 2725: 2545: 2342:(Eastern Buyeo) branched out, after which the original Buyeo is sometimes referred to as 1691: 1616: 1263: 1069: 91: 11346:

Examines how Korean national ambitions have shaped the work of the country's historians.

9437:

Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Westen Cultures

4091:, killing 243 Koreans in Ganghwa island before withdrawing. This incident is called the 3916:, who worked for the government and lived off the efforts of tenant farmers and slaves. 3560: 13786: 13701: 13681: 13566: 13556: 13412: 13349: 12618: 12570: 12392: 12150:

Sourcebook of Korean Civilization: Volume 2: From the Seventeenth Century to the Modern

11756: 11545:

The Imjin War. Japan's Sixteenth-Century Invasion of Korea and Attempt to Conquer China

11450:

Sourcebook of Korean Civilization: Volume 2: From the Seventeenth Century to the Modern

11134: 11055: 10798: 10648: 10508: 10433: 10019: 9661: 8898: 5713: 5569: 4387: 4375: 4370: 4213: 3693: 3666: 3216: 3157: 3100: 3013: 2837: 2760: 2591: 2429: 2415: 2166: 2110: 2039: 1984: 1644: 1535: 1457: 1450:

in 2333 BC. The first written historical record on Gojoseon can be found from the text

784: 308: 217: 11429:

Sourcebook of Korean Civilization: Volume 1: From Early Times to the Sixteenth Century

9814: 7654:

Chŏng, Yang-mo; Smith, Judith G.; Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y.) (1998).

7308: 5453: 4236:

to protest against the protectorate treaty, leading to the accession of Gojong's son,

4148:

in 1897. Japan used modernization movements to gain more and more control over Korea.

3742:, but soon the Joseon dynasty was forced to open trade, beginning an era leading into 3532: 3107:. Unified Silla was a prosperous and wealthy country, and its metropolitan capital of 1971:

was developing in Korea by northern influence via today's Russia's Maritime Province.

13896: 13831: 13766: 13731: 13666: 13646: 13636: 13596: 13581: 13576: 13359: 13303: 13298: 12514: 12249: 12154: 12126: 12098: 12070: 12026: 12000: 11940: 11918: 11899: 11875: 11856: 11837: 11809: 11783: 11762: 11738: 11717: 11695: 11674: 11652: 11596: 11585: 11569: 11548: 11527: 11508: 11454: 11433: 11361: 11334: 11306: 11285: 11275: 11268: 11252: 11241: 11218: 11197: 11174: 11155: 11120: 11099: 11080: 11061: 11040: 11021: 11002: 10974: 10939: 10913: 10903: 10890: 10872: 10844: 10825: 10819: 10804: 10783: 10737: 10714: 10657: 10619: 10604: 10576: 10561: 10535: 10497: 10484: 10123: 10044: 10011: 9624: 9577: 9519: 9493: 9441: 9402: 9239: 9158: 9147: 9097: 9058: 9024: 8928: 8805: 8771: 8693: 8624: 8437: 8398: 8357: 8217: 8179: 8140: 8101: 8062: 8023: 7984: 7945: 7906: 7872: 7838: 7804: 7728: 7661: 7653: 7622: 7556: 7519: 7508: 7479: 7433: 7383: 7349: 7312: 7231: 7113: 7079: 6933: 6899: 6865: 6819: 6695: 6661: 6599: 6533: 6499: 6465: 6338: 6304: 6270: 6236: 6202: 6123: 6084: 6050: 6007: 5887: 5860: 5561: 5280: 4970: 4769: 4671: 4500: 4495: 4467: 4206: 3778: 3718: 3714: 3632: 3503: 3468: 3452: 3440: 3425: 3051: 2741: 2729: 2705: 2701: 2425: 2411: 2134: 2087: 1868: 1831: 1781: 1671: 1406: 1306: 1113: 1053: 794: 713: 294: 82: 11214:

A Concise History of Korea: From the Neolithic Period Through the Nineteenth Century

11190: 8552: 5617: 5520: 4466:(Liberation Army); they would travel in and out of the Sino-Korean border, fighting 4008:, a massive, yet swift, ramming/cannon ship fitted with iron spikes. The use of the 3971: 3749:

The destabilization of the Korean nation may be said to have begun in the period of

1698:" was created in the south, with the backing of the US and Western Europe, and the " 1570: 72: 13872: 13791: 13751: 13726: 13706: 13641: 13616: 13606: 13591: 13293: 13255: 13102: 13026: 12623: 12444: 11485: 10599: 9368: 5553: 4524: 4237: 4054: 3975: 3903: 3880: 3830: 3810: 3643: 3636: 3628: 2930: 2917: 2871: 2449: 2221: 1596:

of China and the Joseon dynasty (whose naval fleet was successfully led by Admiral

1574: 1222: 1189: 1007: 387: 326: 101: 12271: 10102: 7694: 3516: 3416:

During this period, laws were codified and a civil service system was introduced.

13711: 13676: 13631: 13626: 13535: 13369: 13273: 13219: 12633: 11932: 11777: 11732: 11709: 11476:

Cha, M. S.; Kim, N. N. (2012). "Korea's first industrial revolution, 1911–1940".

11448: 11427: 11212: 11149: 10996: 10968: 10933: 10897: 10866: 10777: 10390: 10379: 10339: 10260: 10247: 9982: 9933: 9657: 9618: 9018: 7550: 7459: 7427: 7151: 7048: 7004: 6985: 6966: 6230: 5720: 5678: 5649: 5505: 5460: 5310: 5255: 5160: 4890: 4726:

on ending the conflict between the two countries to reunify Korea in the future.

4383: 4282: 4202: 4050: 3840: 3786: 3782: 3754: 3589: 3564: 3539: 3417: 3398: 3344: 3266: 3258:, bringing a national unification between the two successor nations of Goguryeo. 3255: 3251: 3247: 2962: 2889: 2856: 2737: 2717: 2526: 1754: 1731: 1719: 1562: 1543: 1531: 1515: 1312: 1227: 1096: 1084: 1043: 1036: 834: 774: 548: 462: 10307: 10092: 9571: 4823:

Christopher J. Norton, "The Current State of Korean Paleoanthropology", (2000),

4270: 4245: 4212:

Russian influence was strong in the Empire until being defeated by Japan in the

2800: 1900: 13278: 11889: 10531: 8958: 7164: 7144: 6811: 6028:"Control or Conquer? Koguryǒ's Relations with States and Peoples in Manchuria," 4663: 4635: 4583: 4552: 4391: 4294: 4274: 4177: 4066: 3979: 3814: 3735: 3670: 3444: 3318: 3235: 3220: 3055: 2905: 2689: 2571: 2001: 1912: 1883:, existed. Jeulmun pottery bears basic design and form similarities to that of 1804: 1723: 1612: 1608: 1258: 1205: 1048: 998: 829: 764: 11489: 7301: 4960: 4224:

having been promulgated without Emperor Gojong's required seal or commission.

3692:. Internal politics were bitterly divided and settled by violence. Historian 1737:

While both countries were essentially under authoritarian rule after the war,

13915: 13890: 12497: 12380: 11289: 10917: 10523: 10230: 10015: 8801:

China Among Equals: The Middle Kingdom and Its Neighbors, 10th–14th Centuries

8659: 7941:

Ordinary Mind as the Way: The Hongzhou School and the Growth of Chan Buddhism

5997: 5784: 5697: 5565: 5010: 4655: 4575: 4540: 4360: 4333: 4286: 4198: 4171: 4145: 3624: 3604:-based ideology. The prevailing philosophy throughout the Joseon dynasty was 3388: 3300: 3239: 3231: 3186: 3018: 2987: 2950: 2934: 2864: 2849: 2621: 2339: 2278: 2075: 2063: 1958: 1892: 1742: 1687: 1628: 1551: 1539: 1523: 1492: 1452: 1128: 643: 268: 252: 182: 12243: 12180:

modern historians including Graff consider such a figure greatly exaggerated

11114: 10859:

The Other Great Game: The Opening of Korea and the Birth of Modern East Asia

10403: 5153: 4470:

with Japanese forces. Some of them would group together in the 1940s as the

4012:

was also highly effective in repelling the Japanese invaders from the land.

3738:". The policy had been established primarily for protection against Western 2525:. They are identified by the two feathers on top of their head. 648–651 AD, 2338:

Although records are sparse and contradictory, it is thought that in 86 BC,

13354: 13316: 12476: 12456: 12388: 12202: 12190: 11402:

Yuh, Leighanne (2010). "The Historiography of Korea in the United States".

10643: 10066:"ECONOMIC GROWTH AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IN THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA, 1945–1992" 9948:"Was the 1910 Annexation Treaty Between Korea and Japan Concluded Legally?" 8541:. History and Culture Research Series at the University of Foreign Studies. 5003: 4693: 4628: 4602: 4556: 4544: 4532: 4418: 4410: 4359:

who were not allowed to have the census register during Joseon period, The

4241: 4217: 4191: 4114:

remained in Korea from 1885 to 1894 as Resident, directing Korean affairs.

4098:

Conflict between the conservative court and a reforming faction led to the

4032: 4028: 4024: 3706: 3674: 3601: 3520: 3488: 3476: 3436: 3429: 3314: 3282: 3243: 3224: 3208: 3146: 3135: 3076: 3036: 3007: 2897: 2809: 2783: 2657: 2642: 2496: 2368:, and was established after the fall of Gojoseon. Okjeo had been a part of 2170: 2126: 2102: 2095: 2026: 1811: 1679: 1667: 1656: 1601: 1593: 1555: 1527: 1496: 1157: 1091: 948: 560: 536: 524: 503: 440: 206: 12246:, pdf files of Korean classics in their original written classical Chinese 11301:. The Spirit of Korean Cultural Roots. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). Seoul: 6997: 5591: 2922: 1993: 1588:

faced foreign invasions from 1592 to 1637. Most notable of these were the

13900: 13465: 13236: 12384: 12316: 12311: 10935:

A History of Korea: From "Land of the Morning Calm" to States in Conflict

10501: 9093:

East Asia at the Center: Four Thousand Years of Engagement with the World

8664: 8280: 6334:

East Asia at the Center: Four Thousand Years of Engagement with the World

5403:

Kyung Moon hwang, "A History of Korea, An Episodic Narrative", 2010, p. 4

5304: 4716: 4712: 4708: 4701: 4606: 4587: 4444: 4422: 4340:. The banking system was consolidated and the Korean currency abolished. 4133: 4111: 4099: 4005: 3739: 3682: 3678: 3480: 3424:

pottery flourished in the 12th and 13th centuries. The production of the

3274: 3270: 3131: 3127: 2755:

Baekje was a great maritime power; its nautical skill, which made it the

2614: 2382:(Eastern Ye) was another small kingdom that was situated in the northern 2323:, from about the 2nd century BC to 494 AD. Its remnants were absorbed by 2316: 2184:

Many smaller states sprang from the former territory of Gojoseon such as

2122: 2106: 2067: 2047: 2022: 1926: 1872: 1819: 1745:. Since 1987 it has had a competitive electoral system. The South Korean 1707: 1699: 1695: 1624: 1465: 1438: 1430: 1250: 989: 275: 194: 4711:

became the supreme leader until his death in 1994, after which his son,

4508: 13336: 13044: 12527: 12412: 11944: 10727: 10704: 9885: 9873: 9820: 9686: 9322: 9282: 9219: 8873: 8831: 6929:

East Asia: A Cultural, Social, and Political History, Volume I: To 1800

5631: 5573: 4594: 4517: 4337: 4118: 4001: 3867: 3722: 3705:

After the second Manchu invasion and stabilized relations with the new

3651: 3576: 3496: 3080: 2893: 2825: 2483: 2379: 2302: 2238: 2193: 2101:

In 128 BC, Nan Lü (南閭), a leader of Ye who was receiving pressure from

1946: 1939: 1931: 1861: 1818:, though a candidate has been reported. Tool-making artifacts from the 1711: 1597: 1422: 1074: 257: 121: 10023: 9999: 3099:; in addition, Silla people made overseas communities in China on the 2632:, but was defeated and retreated. After the death of Taizong, his son 13214: 10611: 7766: 7452: 5541: 5248: 4349: 4329: 4077: 3818: 3472: 3096: 3092: 3088: 3072: 2995: 2756: 2522: 2518: 2320: 2080: 1935: 1896: 1880: 1796: 1447: 1418: 1414: 1268: 12205:

stated this amount is no more than hearsay and an inexact reasoning.

11806:

The North and South Korean political systems: A comparative analysis

11331:

The Great Enterprise: Sovereignty and Historiography in Modern Korea

10178:朝鮮独立運動の血史 1 (The Bloody History of the Korean Independence Movement) 8350:

Injae, Lee; Miller, Owen; Jinhoon, Park; Hyun-Hae, Yi (2014-12-15).

6688:

Injae, Lee; Miller, Owen; Jinhoon, Park; Hyun-Hae, Yi (2014-12-15).

5557: 4083:

This incident is celebrated by the DPRK as a precursor to the later

2559:), and it eventually became the source of the modern name of Korea. 12432: 12375: 11524:

Cuisine, Colonialism, and Cold War: Food in Twentieth-Century Korea

10312: 10207: 10205: 8320: 5281:"Large-scale 2nd to 3rd century AD bloomery iron smelting in Korea" 4659: 4437: 4402: 4363:

was mostly destroyed, and replaced with the office building of the

3933: 3597: 3508: 3428:

onto 81,258 wooden printing blocks, and the invention of the metal

3420:

flourished and spread throughout the peninsula. The development of

3402: 3339:

in 901, and its original capital was established in Songak (modern

3326: 3308: 3115: 3108: 3068: 3040: 3022: 2901: 2875: 2860: 2764: 2624:

led a coup and gained complete control over Goguryeo. In response,

2533: 2514: 2472: 2395: 2391: 2369: 2351: 2324: 2308: 2274: 2262: 2209: 2197: 2153: 2138: 2031: 1980: 1968: 1884: 1476: 1443: 1426: 622: 356: 316: 168: 13504: 12261: 8333: 8331: 8329: 6926:

Ebrey, Patricia Buckley; Walthall, Anne; Palais, James B. (2013).

6858:

Ebrey, Patricia Buckley; Walthall, Anne; Palais, James B. (2006).

5184: 5046: 4089:

In response, the United States confronted Korea militarily in 1871

4065:

and occupied portions of Ganghwa Island. The French army occupied

3193: 1702:" in the north, with the backing of the Soviets and the communist 13308: 13177: 13110: 12472: 11964: 11647:

Lee, Hong-yung; Ha, Yong-Chool; Sorensen, Clark W., eds. (2013).

11060:(2nd revised ed.). Seoul: Hollym International Corporation. 10505: 7032:

who came from Korea to Kyūshū, has been found throughout Japan. "

5946: 5944: 5024: 5022: 4651: 4647: 4513: 4455: 4103: 4057:, and followed a cautious policy of slow exchange with the West. 3927: 3912: 3872: 3822: 3794: 3460: 3421: 3406: 3340: 3336: 3332: 3104: 2958: 2768: 2567: 1660: 1609:

unwilling to modernize, and under encroachment by European powers

1346: 1330: 1318: 1299: 1274: 1215: 1140: 1031: 572: 513: 10202: 9891: 7475:

The Religious Traditions of Asia: Religion, History, and Culture

6895:

The Religious Traditions of Asia: Religion, History, and Culture

13224: 12492: 12487: 12460: 12436: 12416: 11611: 11526:. Reaktion Books and University of Chicago Press. p. 237. 9842:

Ritsumeikan Journal of International Relations and Area Studies

9704: 9692: 9668: 9551: 9539: 9466: 9328: 9288: 9264: 9201: 8879: 8855: 8326: 8242: 7280: 7268: 7256: 7028:"The pottery of the Yayoi culture (300? BC-AD 250?), made by a 6839: 4567: 4344: 4317: 4023:

by the Manchus, who went on to conquer China and establish the

4009: 3921: 3898: 3647: 3609: 3593: 3555: 3543: 3394: 3384: 3380: 3360: 3348: 3322: 3304: 3278: 3262: 3204: 3182: 3173: 3161: 3123: 3119: 3084: 3044: 3026: 2991: 2954: 2946: 2821: 2805: 2673: 2661: 2575: 2537: 2441: 2407: 2347: 2328: 2270: 2213: 2201: 2178: 2052: 2018: 1963: 1904: 1584:

After enjoying a period of peace for nearly two centuries, the

1578: 1566: 1519: 1500: 1480: 1243: 1210: 1135: 633: 598: 451: 366: 288: 227: 7078:. Ewha Womans University Press. January 2005. pp. 29–30. 6764: 6619: 6119:

History of Humanity: From the seventh to the sixteenth century

5941: 5834: 5804: 5792: 5756: 5097: 5019: 4925: 4035:

and disdain for the Manchus, who were regarded as barbarians.

3571: 3523:

in 1364. During the 1380s, Goryeo turned its attention to the

2144: 1768:. Economically, North Korea has remained heavily dependent on 1734:

and promote the common prosperity and reunification of Korea.

1550:

in the 13th century brought Goryeo under the influence of the

13470: 13418: 13229: 12830: 12593: 12480: 12440: 12408: 12404: 11969:

Getting over it! : why Korea needs to stop bashing Japan

9910: 9908: 9906: 9746:

Roh, Young-koo: "Yi Sun-shin, an Admiral Who Became a Myth",

9050: 6657:

Asia and Oceania: International Dictionary of Historic Places

6654:

Ring, Trudy; Watson, Noelle; Schellinger, Paul (2012-11-12).

6388: 4571: 4528: 4459: 4301: 4045: 3764: 3620: 3616: 3524: 3492: 3212: 2969: 2938: 2845: 2833: 2795: 2772: 2709: 2693: 2653: 2637: 2595: 2540:(posthumously given the royal title Dongmyeongseong). Later, 2445: 2437: 2387: 2383: 2365: 2361: 2343: 2312: 2298: 2294: 2282: 2266: 2217: 2189: 2185: 2174: 2035: 1815: 1800: 1703: 1484: 1410: 1182: 1015: 609: 474: 399: 376: 321: 283: 262: 12227: 12193:

and is now used to differentiate it from the Joseon dynasty.

11834:韓國史通論 (Hanguksa tongnon) (Outline of Korean history), 4th ed 10563:

Wealth, Health, and Democracy in East Asia and Latin America

10414: 5726: 5261: 5223: 5221: 5206: 4958: 4646:. South Korea's economic development was spearheaded by the 4413:

in 1932. The Provisional Government is considered to be the

3701:

arrived at the brink of the seventeenth century as a nation.

3321:

in 892, and its capital was established in Wansanju (modern

3250:, the last crown prince of Balhae, were welcomed by Goryeo. 3227:, such as the government structure and geopolitical system. 943: 11349:

Hong Sung-gi. "Trends in Western historiography on Korea,"

11098:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 1013. 10354: 9489:

The Great East Asian War and the Birth of the Korean Nation

9440:. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 505–506. 8713: 7899:

Buswell, Robert E. Jr.; Lopez, Donald S. Jr. (2013-11-24).

7580: 7555:. John Wiley & Sons Canada, Limited. pp. 276–283. 6736: 6174: 6172: 6170: 5166: 4969:. Published and distributed by Stallion Press. p. 22. 4355: 3938: 3798:

the disenfranchised (such as the mounted fire brigands, or

3596:

dynasty (1392–1897), named in honor of the ancient kingdom

2495:

Painting of envoys from the Three Kingdoms of Korea to the

2090:(also known as Wei Man), a Korean-Chinese refugee from the 2059: 1888: 1749:, and the country is now considered to be fully developed. 412: 12252:, Center for Korean Studies, University of Hawaii at Manoa 9903: 9395:

Haralambous, Yannis; Horne, P. Scott (26 September 2007).

8594:(in Korean). Korea Creative Content Agency. Archived from 8349: 7189: 6687: 5418: 5137:"The East Asian World Situation just before the Imjin War" 4685:

to be held on the Asian continent, in the following year.

2900:

forces, conquered Baekje. In 661, Silla and Tang moved on

2045:

The founding legend of Gojoseon, which is recorded in the

1655:

in exile, became largely active in neighboring Manchuria,

11635:

One Hundred Years of Korean-American Relations, 1882–1982

11587:

The Park Chung Hee Era: The Transformation of South Korea

7537:

Korea held a dominant position in the north-eastern seas.

5218: 3083:

Temple. Unified Silla carried on the maritime prowess of

1925:

People in southern Korea adopted intensive dry-field and

1769: 9728: 6812:

The National Folk Museum of Korea (South Korea) (2014).

5141:

The East Asian World Situation Just Before the Imjin War

4722:

On 27 April 2018, both North and South Korea signed the

4543:

administered the southern half of the peninsula and the

3813:, took the lives of priests and followers, known as the 2436:. The Samhan were located in the southern region of the 1795:

Korean earthenware jar with comb pattern; made 4000 BC,

12801:

Politics of North Korea#Political parties and elections

9716: 6461:

Atrocities: The 100 Deadliest Episodes in Human History

5406: 5118:"A Study of King Sejong's Political Ideas and Practice" 4308:

from 1910 until Japan's unconditional surrender to the

3299:

The Later Three Kingdoms period (892–936) consisted of

3149:. In the north, rebels revived Goguryeo, beginning the 3043:, and began to establish and administer communities in 1522:

dynasty. Meanwhile, Balhae fell after invasions by the

12214:

However, the change of their given names was voluntary

12125:. University of California, Los Angeles. p. 223. 11992: 11016:

Lee, Hyun-hee; Park, Sung-soo; Yoon, Nae-hyun (2005).

10161:

After the reconstruction Gyeongbok Palace of 1865–1867

10093:

Yoshiko NOZAKI, Hiromitsu INOKUCHI and Kim Tae-young.

9576:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 186. 8397:. Government Printing Office. 2011-04-21. p. 12. 5034: 4489: 4110:. The Chinese troops departed but the leading general 3843:(r. 1864–1907), enthroned at the age of 12, succeeded 3677:. This war also saw the rise of the career of Admiral 2424:

Sam-han (삼한, 三韓) refers to the three confederacies of

1468:

of China, which led to succeeding warring states, the

10404:"The Avalon Project : Yalta (Crimea) Conference" 9802: 8133:

Leffman, David; Lewis, Simon; Atiyah, Jeremy (2003).

7177: 6653: 6495:

1001 Battles That Changed the Course of World History

6437: 6435: 6153: 6151: 5996: 5122:

A Study of King Sejong's Political Ideas and Practice

4151:

In 1895, the Japanese were involved in the murder of

3646:(r. 1418–50), who personally created and promulgated 2926:

Gold crown and accessories. National Treasure No.138.

2224:

existed into the 5th and 6th centuries respectively.

1503:

in the old territories of Goguryeo, which led to the

12153:. New York: Columbia University Press. p. 227. 11951: 11888: 11831: 11539:

Scholarly study of how food reflects Korea's history

11119:. Stanford: Stanford University Press. p. 432. 10861:(Harvard University Press, 2023). ISBN 9780674983397 10475:

Kim, Samuel S. (2014). "The Evolving Asian System".

9771: 9623:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 331–32. 9020:

East Asia: A Cultural, Social, and Political History

6861:

East Asia: A Cultural, Social, and Political History

5329: 5194: 4582:. On December 12, 1948, the General Assembly of the 3219:

for much of history), and expanded into present-day

2364:

was a tribal-state that was located in the northern

1510:

In the late 9th century, Silla was divided into the

12301: 11649:

Colonial Rule and Social Change in Korea, 1910–1945

7865:McIntire, Suzanne; Burns, William E. (2010-06-25). 6925: 6857: 5539: 5485:Lee Injae, Owen Miller, Park Jinhoon, Yi Hyun-Hae, 5085: 2836:began with the unification of six chiefdoms of the 2724:At its peak in the 4th century during the reign of 1726:. In 2018, the two nations agreed to work toward a 1487:grew to control the peninsula and Manchuria as the 1446:kingdom was founded in northern Korea and southern 11608:Studies of on modernization under Park, 1961–1979. 11547:. The Royal Asiatic Society, Korea Branch, Seoul. 11189: 10000:"Japanese Rule in Korea (1905–1910): A Case Study" 9761:"Joseon Dynasty and Qing Dynasty: Blue Dependency" 9485: 9149:Columbia Chronologies of Asian History and Culture 9146: 9054:The Earth and Its Peoples, Brief: A Global History 8132: 7507: 7300: 6229:Yi, Hyŏn-hŭi; Pak, Sŏng-su; Yun, Nae-hyŏn (2005). 5317: 4937: 2086:In 194 BC, the King of Gojoseon was overthrown by 29:For histories of the modern Korean countries, see 11872:Creating Surnames and Changing Given Names (創氏改名) 11270:A History of Korea: From Antiquity to the Present 11243:A History of Korea: From Antiquity to the Present 11147: 10636: 10305: 10004:Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 8462: 8460: 6372:. Korea Communications Commission. Archived from 5375: 5239:小片丘彦「朝鮮半島出土古人骨の時代的特徴」『鹿児島大学歯学部紀要』 (18), 1–8, 1998 5052: 5028: 2609:with various Chinese dynasties, most notably the 1573:in 1388 that overthrew the Goryeo dynasty. King 1542:system was introduced, and culture influenced by 1436:According to the mythic account recounted in the 13913: 11912: 11615:Korea and the Politics of Imperialism, 1876-1910 11468: 11247:. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 10728:Association of Korean History Teachers (2005b). 10705:Association of Korean History Teachers (2005a). 10674: 9985:, Chosun Ilbo, 2010-05-11. Retrieved 2010-07-05. 9976:Japan's Annexation of Korea 'Unjust and Invalid' 9569: 9394: 9017:Ebrey, Patricia Buckley; Walthall, Anne (2013). 5909:"Maracanda/Samarkand, une métropole pré-mongole" 5454:Timeline of Art and History, Korea, 1000 BC-1 AD 5154:Early Human Evolution: Homo ergaster and erectus 4913: 4516:during a decisive moment in the timeline of the 4216:(1904–1905). Korean Empire effectively became a 3777: in-law politics) whereby, on the death of 1871:) is found throughout the peninsula, such as in 1615:with foreign powers. After the assassination of 13208:International adoption of South Korean children 12520:United States Army Military Government in Korea 12508:Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea 12023:Korea: Current Issues and Historical Background 11931: 10224:Constitution of the Republic of Korea: Preamble 9570:Feenstra, Robert C.; Hamilton, Gary G. (2006). 8804:. University of California Press. p. 323. 8689:고려사의 재발견: 한반도 역사상 가장 개방적이고 역동적인 500년 고려 역사를 만나다 6043:Roberts, John Morris; Westad, Odd Arne (2013). 4411:ambush of Japanese military leadership in China 4399:Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea 4322:Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea 4316:sovereignty was deemed to have passed from the 4266:Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea 3879:Korea's culture was based on the philosophy of 3725:, or Inner Royal Library, established in 1776. 1962:rectangular pit-houses and increasingly larger 1653:Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea 1514:(892–936), which ended with the unification by 11583:Kim, Byung-Kook; Vogel, Ezra F., eds. (2011). 11077:Historical dictionary of the Republic of Korea 10516: 10122:. University of California Press. p. 53. 9518:. Ewha Womans University Press. January 2005. 9345: 9343: 8457: 8356:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 64–65. 8019:The Zen Canon: Understanding the Classic Texts 7803:. Seoul International Pub. House. p. 53. 6033:volume 4, number 1 (June 2007):93. pages 93–96 5372:: "Most treat the myth as a later creation." 5163:. Anthro.palomar.edu. Retrieved on 2013-07-12. 4954: 4952: 4612: 4347:hierarchy and gave the census register to the 2957:region. However, its leading power changed to 2804:Downsized replica of the famous 80-meter-tall 1860:dates back to around 8000 BC, and evidence of 13520: 12287: 11646: 10895: 10864: 10500:(1 million), the Korean War (3 million), the 10263:1926 E.P. Dutton & Company pp.204,210–211 9740: 9016: 8747: 7864: 7692: 7586: 7425: 7409: 6742: 6042: 6020: 5178: 5103: 4879: 4877: 3246:in 926. Large numbers of refugees, including 3215:, much of Manchuria (though it didn't occupy 2892:ordered his armies to attack Baekje. General 1604:and stagnant with frequent internal strifes. 1386: 966: 12046: 11855:(in Japanese). Tokyo: Akashi-shoten (明石書店). 11758:Samurai Invasion. Japan's Korean War 1592–98 11631: 10994: 10931: 10301: 10299: 10211: 9897: 9886:Association of Korean History Teachers 2005b 9874:Association of Korean History Teachers 2005b 9821:Association of Korean History Teachers 2005b 9687:Association of Korean History Teachers 2005a 9323:Association of Korean History Teachers 2005a 9306: 9283:Association of Korean History Teachers 2005a 9220:Association of Korean History Teachers 2005a 8874:Association of Korean History Teachers 2005a 8832:Association of Korean History Teachers 2005a 8731: 8323:): ... 渤海夲栗末靺鞨至其酋祚榮立國自號震旦, 先天中玄宗王子始去靺鞨號專稱渤海 8097:Asian Folk Religion and Cultural Interaction 7898: 7207: 6782: 6754: 6726: 6637: 6559: 6406: 6394: 6195:Kotkin, Stephen; Wolff, David (2015-03-04). 6178: 5424: 5079: 4931: 4255: 4165: 4027:, after which the Joseon dynasty recognized 4000:This conflict brought prominence to Admiral 3768: 3758: 2555:) was also known as Goryeo (also spelled as 1507:(698–926) with Balhae and Silla coexisting. 12939:South Korea and weapons of mass destruction 12849:North Korea and weapons of mass destruction 12705:List of World Heritage Sites in South Korea 12122:That glorious ancient history of our nation 11148:Peterson, Mark; Margulies, Phillip (2009). 11139:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 11015: 11001:. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. 10970:Korea and East Asia: The Story of a Phoenix 10452:"Resolution 195, UN Third General Assembly" 10360: 9789: 9710: 9698: 9674: 9557: 9545: 9472: 9340: 9334: 9294: 9270: 9207: 9188: 9186: 9184: 8885: 8861: 8719: 8498:"[평화칼럼] 발해 유민(遺民)과 꼬마 난민(難民) '쿠르디'" 8337: 8248: 8100:. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. p. 137. 7905:. Princeton University Press. p. 187. 7660:. Metropolitan Museum of Art. p. 230. 7286: 7274: 7262: 6845: 6770: 6625: 6269:. Cambridge University Press. p. 362. 6194: 5950: 5859:. Serindia Publications, Inc. p. 110. 5856:The Silk Road: Trade, Travel, War and Faith 5840: 5810: 5798: 5762: 5732: 5267: 5212: 5172: 5063: 5061: 4981:The first record about Gojoseon appears in 4949: 4566:In December 1945, a conference convened in 3774: 3685:. As Korea was rebuilding, it had to repel 2933:was a confederacy of small kingdoms in the 2517:) ambassadors during an audience with King 1637:Japan effectively annexed the Korean Empire 13527: 13513: 12294: 12280: 11612:Kim, Chong Ik Eugene; Han-Kyo Kim (1967). 10817: 10769:Korea's Place in the Sun: A Modern History 10235:National Assembly of the Republic of Korea 9914: 9644: 9371:[The Korean That I Want to Know]. 9363: 9361: 9096:. Columbia University Press. p. 107. 8387: 8385: 7983:. Columbia University Press. p. 155. 7548: 6960:Korean Buddhism Basis of Japanese Buddhism 6694:. Cambridge University Press. p. 29. 6464:. W. W. Norton & Company. p. 78. 5883:History of Central Asia, The: 4-volume set 5233: 4874: 3978:, 1655, attributed to Kano Toun Yasunobu; 3871:One of the earliest photographs depicting 3538:The Goryeo dynasty would last until 1392. 3432:attest to Goryeo's cultural achievements. 3387:dynasty (918–1392), with kingfisher color 3111:was the fourth largest city in the world. 2881:Silla was the smallest and weakest of the 2455: 1607:By the mid 19th century, with the country 1393: 1379: 973: 959: 12228:the National Institute of Korean History. 12097:. Harvard University Press. p. 128. 12069:. Harvard University Press. p. 129. 11074: 10841:A History of Korea, An Episodic Narrative 10775: 10468: 10296: 10250:1926 E.P. Dutton & Company pp.198–199 9616: 9610: 7834:Buddhist Exploration of Peace and Justice 7614: 7419: 7348:. Harvard University Press. p. 273. 6337:. Columbia University Press. p. 50. 5489:, Cambridge University Press, 2014, p. 20 5412: 5075: 5073: 4996: 4994: 4992: 4851: 4806: 4698:information and communications technology 3164:in 935, after 992 years and 56 monarchs. 3156:Unified Silla lasted for 267 years until 2975: 2812:Temple which was destroyed by the Mongols 2152:, established in the former territory of 1421:period began thereafter, followed by the 12932:List of political parties in South Korea 12025:. Nova Science Publishers. p. 112. 11850: 11751: 11582: 11521: 11274:. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield. 11217:. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield. 11187: 11057:A Panorama of 5000 Years: Korean History 10959:Korea National University of Education. 10776:Eckert, Carter J.; Lee, Ki-Baik (1990). 10420: 10063: 9945: 9734: 9563: 9181: 7830: 7471: 7342:Randel, Don Michael (28 November 2003). 6891: 6228: 6083:. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 158–159. 6049:. Oxford University Press. p. 443. 6006:. Kegan Paul International. p. 22. 5341: 5249:Gochang, Hwasun and Ganghwa Dolmen Sites 5058: 4864: 4862: 4860: 4819: 4817: 4815: 4802: 4800: 4512:American Marines climbing a sea wall in 4507: 4499: 4443: 4369: 4269: 3970: 3956: 3866: 3592:, later known as Taejo, established the 3570: 3559: 3535:to annihilate hundreds of pirate ships. 3499:of the Yuan dynasty was a Korean woman. 3374: 3192: 3177: 3017: 2921: 2815: 2799: 2677: 2508: 2490: 2482: 2245: 2237: 2143: 2000: 1992: 1790: 12837:State Affairs Commission of North Korea 12685:Administrative divisions of South Korea 12652:Administrative divisions of North Korea 11963: 11673:. New York: Columbia University Press. 11632:Lee, Yur-Bok; Patterson, Wayne (1986). 11561: 11453:. New York: Columbia University Press. 11432:. New York: Columbia University Press. 11404:International Journal of Korean History 11034: 10796: 10766: 10761:Korea: A New History of South and North 10598: 10558: 10522: 10115: 10036: 9401:. "O'Reilly Media, Inc.". p. 155. 9358: 8797: 8763: 8382: 8171: 8093: 7977:Wu, Jiang; Chia, Lucille (2015-12-15). 7944:. Oxford University Press. p. 24. 7937: 7693:International, Rotary (February 1996). 7376:Hopfner, Jonathan (10 September 2013). 7375: 6525: 6076: 5990: 5852: 5385: 5134: 4845: 4590:as the sole legal government of Korea. 3963:Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598) 3802:, and the boat-borne water brigands or 3288: 3254:was included in the imperial family of 2752:during the expansion of its territory. 2335:, considered themselves its successor. 2227: 2116: 14: 13914: 12569: 12020: 11999:. Nova Science Publishers. p. 6. 11939:. New York E.P. Dutton & company. 11869: 11775: 11687: 11665: 11542: 11496: 11475: 11386:Journal of Contemporary Korean Studies 11333:. 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Around 100 BC, Jin evolved into the 1822:period have been found in present-day 1456:, attributable to 7th century BC. The 13508: 13253: 13166: 13131:Science and technology in South Korea 12981: 12922:Presidential elections in South Korea 12725: 12700:List of special cities of South Korea 12568: 12329: 12275: 12090: 12062: 11959:. New York : C. Scribner's Sons. 11730: 11708: 11500:The Koreas, A global studies handbook 11168: 10838: 10730:Korea through the Ages, Vol. 2 Modern 9433: 9374:National Institute of Korean Language 9153:. Columbia University Press. p. 9089: 8370:from the original on 25 February 2017 8054: 7796: 7618:A History of the World in 100 Objects 7472:Kitagawa, Joseph (5 September 2013). 7426:Isabella Bird (9 January 2014). "1". 7223: 6491: 6457: 6330: 5355: 5323: 5200: 5115: 5040: 4857: 4835: 4833: 4812: 4797: 4578:submitted the Korean question to the 4136:successfully challenged China in the 3507:period, Goryeo momentarily conquered 3054:was documented by Persian geographer 1700:Democratic People's Republic of Korea 1619:by Japanese mercenaries in 1895, the 1558:of China until the mid-14th century. 13254: 12927:Legislative elections in South Korea 12330: 11803: 11591:. Harvard University Press. p. 11265: 11238: 11210: 11154:. Infobase Publishing. p. 328. 11112: 11053: 11035:Li, Narangoa; Cribb, Robert (2016). 10750: 10642: 10293:朝鮮総督府官房文書課編 "諭告・訓示・演述総攬" 1941, p.676 10175: 9777: 9620:The Oxford Handbook of Millennialism 9454:from the original on 4 December 2016 9415:from the original on 17 January 2017 9252:from the original on 3 December 2016 9238:. Xlibris Corporation. p. 181. 9110:from the original on 4 December 2016 9071:from the original on 4 December 2016 8998:from the original on 26 October 2016 8939:from the original on 25 October 2016 8909:from the original on 26 October 2016 8476:National Institute of Korean History 8230:from the original on 3 December 2016 8216:. Penguin. 2016-06-21. p. 240. 8192:from the original on 4 December 2016 8153:from the original on 4 December 2016 8114:from the original on 4 December 2016 8075:from the original on 4 December 2016 8036:from the original on 4 December 2016 7997:from the original on 4 December 2016 7958:from the original on 4 December 2016 7919:from the original on 3 December 2016 7902:The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism 7741:from the original on 4 December 2016 7720: 7674:from the original on 4 December 2016 7635:from the original on 4 December 2016 7598: 7549:Reischauer, Edwin Oldfather (1955). 7453:Seokguram Grotto and Bulguksa Temple 7244:from the original on 3 December 2016 7126:from the original on 17 January 2017 6708:from the original on 17 January 2017 6681: 6575: 6262: 6136:from the original on 17 January 2017 6115: 5913:Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales 5349: 5091: 4943: 4750:Korean influence on Japanese culture 3987:Japanese invasions from 1592 to 1598 3847:(r. 1849–63). King Gojong's father, 3583: 2832:According to legend, the kingdom of 2683:Gilt-bronze Incense Burner of Baekje 2647:was finally able to conquer Goguryeo 2499:court: Silla, Baekje, and Goguryeo. 2354:, and in 538, Baekje renamed itself 173: 13534: 12235:, Korean History Information Center 12146: 11622: 11446: 11425: 11401: 11360:(1980); 458pp comprehensive guide; 11358:Studies on Korea: A Scholar's Guide 11296: 10966: 10843:. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 328. 10818:Hoare, James; Pares, Susan (1988). 10474: 10142: 10037:Hopfner, Jonathan (22 April 2014). 9997: 9988: 9832: 9434:Selin, Helaine (11 November 2013). 9349: 9192: 9128: 8968:from the original on 18 August 2016 8650: 8616: 8429: 7871:. Infobase Publishing. p. 87. 7183: 7154:, Baekje History & Culture Hall 5880:Baumer, Christoph (18 April 2018). 5714:The Genetic Origins of the Japanese 5645:"갈석산 동쪽 요서도 고조선 땅" vs "고고학 증거와 불일치" 4965:. Department of History Education, 4919: 4839: 4775:South Korea–United States relations 4563:could arrange a single government. 4490:Division and Korean War (1945–1953) 3064:. Buddhist monasteries such as the 3039:established outposts in the former 2867:basin and uniting the city-states. 2771:, and ceremonial burial to ancient 2712:). It expanded into the southwest ( 2700:mentions Baekje as a member of the 2394:. Dongye was also a former part of 1505:Northern and Southern States period 24: 13078:Economic inequality in South Korea 13073:Automotive industry in South Korea 13002:Automotive industry in North Korea 12118: 11625:The Politics of Korean Nationalism 11419: 11372:Australian Economic History Review 11328: 10306:Kay Itoi; B. J. Lee (2007-10-17). 8964:. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. 8411:from the original on 14 March 2017 7762:"Gyeongju, Korea's treasure house" 7615:MacGregor, Neil (6 October 2011). 7105: 6458:White, Matthew (7 November 2011). 6077:Gardner, Hall (27 November 2007). 6031:Journal of Northeast Asian History 4830: 4220:of Japan on 17 November 1905, the 2636:allied with the Korean kingdom of 2401: 2288: 1706:. The new premier of North Korea, 1611:, Joseon Korea was forced to sign 25: 13933: 13116:Financial services in South Korea 13088:Telecommunications in South Korea 13012:Telecommunications in North Korea 12221: 11627:. University of California Press. 11321: 11192:Korea's twentieth-century odyssey 10040:Moon Living Abroad in South Korea 9952:Murdoch University Journal of Law 9651:Characteristics of Queen of Korea 9232:Currie, Lorenzo (November 2013). 9057:. Cengage Learning. p. 264. 9023:. Cengage Learning. p. 176. 8988:"Movable type – Oxford Reference" 8962:Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History 8685: 8539:《요·금시대 이민족 지배와 발해인》. 외대 역사문화 연구총서 8536: 8213:DK Eyewitness Travel Guide: China 8094:Nikaido, Yoshihiro (2015-10-28). 7759: 7510:A History of Chinese Civilization 7379:Moon Living Abroad in South Korea 6979:Buddhist Art of Korea & Japan 6932:. Cengage Learning. p. 104. 6864:. Houghton Mifflin. p. 123. 6592:Tucker, Spencer C. (2009-12-23). 6526:Bedeski, Robert (12 March 2007). 6249:from the original on 2016-12-04. 5627:요서 vs 평양… 한무제가 세운 낙랑군 위치 놓고 열띤 토론 4959:Han'guk Kyowŏn Taehakkyo (2008). 4640:export-oriented industrialization 4240:. In 1909, independence activist 4158: 3549: 3354: 3335:was founded by the Buddhist monk 3223:. It also adopted the culture of 2660:founded the Korean-Mohe state of 2487:Goguryeo at its height, in 476 AD 2273:, and occurred after the fall of 1530:; fleeing refugees including the 13895: 13886: 13885: 13198:Gender inequality in South Korea 13167: 12875:Foreign relations of South Korea 12749:Foreign relations of North Korea 12208: 12196: 12183: 11836:(in Korean). Seoul: Samyeongsa. 11716:. Boston: Blackwell Publishing. 11671:Korea Between Empires, 1895–1919 11478:Explorations in Economic History 11188:Robinson, Michael Edson (2007). 10592: 10552: 10444: 10440:from the original on 2009-04-30. 10426: 10410:from the original on 2016-02-02. 10396: 10366: 10345: 10326: 10287: 10266: 10253: 10240: 10217: 10198:from the original on 2007-12-11. 10184: 10169: 10151: 10136: 10109: 10086: 10082:from the original on 2016-11-14. 10057: 10030: 9969: 9939: 9920: 9826: 9783: 9753: 9597: 9506: 9484:Foreword by William Haboush, in 9478: 9427: 9388: 9225: 9138: 9083: 9044: 9010: 8980: 8951: 8921: 8891: 8837: 8791: 8764:Grayson, James H. (2013-11-05). 8757: 8679: 8644: 8610: 8578: 8545: 8530: 8515: 8489: 8423: 8343: 8310: 8298: 8286: 8270: 8254: 8204: 8165: 8126: 8087: 8048: 8009: 7970: 7931: 7892: 7858: 7837:. Blue Pine Books. p. 147. 7824: 7790: 7753: 7714: 7699:. Rotary International. p. 7686: 7647: 7608: 7542: 7499: 7465: 7446: 7369: 7335: 7292: 7227:Korea: Outline of a Civilisation 7224:Wells, Kenneth M. (2015-07-03). 7217: 7157: 7138: 7099: 7066: 7054: 7035: 7010: 6991: 6972: 6953: 6919: 6885: 6851: 6805: 6792: 6776: 5638:from the original on 2017-04-13. 4765:National Treasure of South Korea 4547:took over the area north of the 4297:to fight against Japanese rule. 4197:In 1897, Joseon was renamed the 3781:(r. 1776–1800), the 10-year-old 3035:After the unification wars, the 3001: 2941:since AD 42, growing out of the 2502:Portraits of Periodical Offering 2042:in the south of the peninsula. 2005:Korean Bronze Age sword. Seoul, 1974: 988: 942: 71: 13121:Fishing industry in South Korea 12944:National Assembly (South Korea) 12302:Index of Korea-related articles 12174: 11993:United States Congress (2016). 11984: 11874:. Tokyo: Akashi-shoten (明石書店). 11522:Cwiertka, Katarzyna J. (2012). 11196:. Honolulu: U of Hawaii Press. 11173:. Reaktion Books. p. 320. 11113:Park, Eugene Y. (2022) (2022). 10797:Grayson, James Huntley (1989). 10692: 10477:International Relations of Asia 9833:Kim, Yong Chan (October 2012). 9090:Cohen, Warren I. (2000-12-20). 8495: 8277:Rhymed Chronicles of Sovereigns 7345:The Harvard Dictionary of Music 6892:Kitagawa, Joseph (2013-09-05). 6647: 6585: 6569: 6553: 6519: 6485: 6451: 6358: 6331:Cohen, Warren I. (2000-12-20). 6324: 6297:Embree, Ainslie Thomas (1988). 6290: 6256: 6222: 6188: 6109: 6070: 6036: 5974: 5956: 5923: 5900: 5873: 5846: 5816: 5768: 5738: 5707: 5684: 5665: 5598: 5580: 5533: 5513: 5492: 5479: 5466: 5447: 5430: 5397: 5296: 5287: 5273: 5242: 5147: 5128: 5109: 4735:Korean monarchs' family trees: 4715:took power. Kim Jong Il's son, 4650:, family conglomerates such as 4580:United Nations General Assembly 4277:under construction. (July 1942) 4134:rapidly modernizing Meiji Japan 3967:Second Manchu invasion of Korea 3728: 3713:raged on. In the 18th century, 3687:invasions by the Manchu in 1627 3654:, astronomy, calendar science, 13853:British Indian Ocean Territory 12907:Republic of Korea Armed Forces 11971:. Tokyo: Tachibana Publishing. 11824: 10973:. Greenwood Publishing Group. 9946:Kawasaki, Yutaka (July 1996). 8798:Rossabi, Morris (1983-05-20). 8560:Encyclopedia of Korean Culture 8016:Wright, Dale S. (2004-03-25). 7721:Ross, Alan (17 January 2013). 7330:golden age of art and culture. 7307:. Marshall Cavendish. p. 7170:Encyclopedia of Korean Culture 6266:The Cambridge History of Japan 5788:Encyclopedia of Korean Culture 5542:"Korea Old and New: A History" 5526:Encyclopedia of Korean Culture 5509:Encyclopedia of Korean Culture 5443:Encyclopedia of Korean Culture 4900: 3821:, (최제우, 崔濟愚, 1824–64) called " 3769: 3759: 3717:(r. 1724–76) and his grandson 3608:, which was epitomized by the 2965:region after the 5th century. 2327:in 494, and both Goguryeo and 2165:Around 300 BC, a state called 2066:of China, purportedly founded 1786: 13: 1: 13203:Low birth rate in South Korea 12959:Constitutional Court of Korea 12895:Prime Minister of South Korea 12769:Heads of state of North Korea 12764:Supreme Leader of North Korea 12695:List of cities in South Korea 12662:Special cities of North Korea 12657:List of cities in North Korea 12400:Proto–Three Kingdoms of Korea 12094:Constructing "Korean" Origins 12066:Constructing "Korean" Origins 11832:Byeon Tae-seop (변태섭) (1999). 11694:. Columbia University Press. 11469:Other books used in this page 11039:. Columbia University Press. 10779:Korea, old and new: a history 10511:in Cambodia (1 to 2 million). 10333:Lost treasures make trip home 9617:Wessinger, Catherine (2016). 8935:. The British Library Board. 8654:한반도 중심에 터 닦으니 화합·통합의 새시대 '활짝' 8521: 8172:Leffman, David (2014-06-02). 8139:. Rough Guides. p. 519. 7938:Poceski, Mario (2007-04-13). 7382:. Avalon Travel. p. 21. 6498:. Universe Pub. p. 104. 6300:Encyclopedia of Asian history 6116:Laet, Sigfried J. de (1994). 5376:Peterson & Margulies 2009 5053:Peterson & Margulies 2009 5029:Peterson & Margulies 2009 4790: 4291:Japan–Korea Annexation Treaty 4140:(1894–1895) triggered by the 3405:. Wang Kŏn made his hometown 2698:Records of the Three Kingdoms 2626:Emperor Taizong of Tang China 2620:In 642, the powerful general 2242:Proto–Three Kingdoms, c. AD 1 2234:Proto–Three Kingdoms of Korea 1952: 1775: 1643:manifested in the widespread 1592:. The combined force of the 1367:100 Cultural Symbols of Korea 13375:Korean pottery and porcelain 13284:Globalization in South Korea 12726: 12250:Korean History :Bibliography 12239:Timeline of Korean Dynasties 11996:North Korea: A Country Study 11898:(in Korean). Miraesa (미래사). 11761:. London: Cassell & Co. 10938:. Indiana University Press. 10116:Metzler, Mark (2006-03-13). 9750:, Vol. 7, No. 3 (2004), p.13 9748:The Review of Korean Studies 9235:Through the Eyes of the Pack 8394:North Korea: A Country Study 7552:Ennins Travels in Tang China 5672:Yayoi Period History Summary 5616:. 2015-12-24. Archived from 5476:, vol. 10권,3–4, 2007, p. 222 5474:The Review of Korean Studies 5463:, Metropolitan Museum of Art 3600:, and founded on idealistic 3513:invasions by the Red Turbans 3511:in 1356, repulsed two large 2479:Military history of Goguryeo 2160: 1841: 1686:(protected primarily by the 1625:Gabo Reforms of 1894 to 1896 432:Northern and Southern period 42:Korean History (book series) 7: 13188:Demographics of South Korea 13183:Demographics of North Korea 13146:1997 Asian financial crisis 13141:Trade unions in South Korea 13055:Rason Special Economic Zone 12982: 12902:Human rights in South Korea 12870:Constitution of South Korea 12781:Human rights in North Korea 12744:Constitution of North Korea 12524:Soviet Civil Administration 11776:Walker, Hugh Dyson (2012). 11079:. Lanham: Scarecrow Press. 10771:(2nd ed.). W W Norton. 10147:. Bungeishunjū. p. 95. 9492:. Columbia UP. p. ix. 9486:JaHyun Kim Haboush (2016). 8994:. Oxford University Press. 8767:Korea – A Religious History 8663:(in Korean). Archived from 8055:Su-il, Jeong (2016-07-18). 8022:. Oxford University Press. 6366:"Kings and Queens of Korea" 6263:Hall, John Whitney (1988). 6235:. Jimoondang. p. 201. 5748:Proto-Three Kingdoms period 5472:Academy of Korean Studies, 4729: 4613:Modern Korea (1953–present) 4480:National Revolutionary Army 3985:Korea dealt with a pair of 3859:, also called "Queen Min". 3615:Taejo moved the capital to 3475:to swear allegiance to the 3317:was founded by the general 3160:surrendered the country to 2466: 2252:Proto–Three Kingdoms period 2012: 1590:Japanese invasions of Korea 495:Later Three Kingdoms period 245:Proto–Three Kingdoms period 10: 13938: 13365:Traditional music of Korea 13035:Agriculture in North Korea 12880:Relations with North Korea 12842:President of State Affairs 12754:Relations with South Korea 12690:Environment of South Korea 12609:List of mountains in Korea 12544:COVID-19 pandemic in North 12360:Timeline of Korean history 12119:Xu, Stella Yingzi (2007). 11917:(in Japanese). Shōdensha. 10902:(2nd ed.). ABC-CLIO. 10839:Hwang, Kyung-moon (2010). 10800:Korea: a religious history 10753:The Making of Modern Korea 10697: 10569:Cambridge University Press 10342:, Korea Times, 2008-12-28. 10180:. Tōyō Bunko. p. 169. 9998:Kim, C. I. Eugene (1962). 8905:. United States Congress. 8524:渤海遺民의 再建運動 : 後渤海와 大渤海 8317:Comprehensive Institutions 8058:The Silk Road Encyclopedia 7797:Adams, Edward Ben (1986). 7478:. Routledge. p. 348. 6898:. Routledge. p. 348. 6660:. Routledge. p. 486. 4825:Journal of Human Evolution 4780:Timeline of Korean history 4616: 4493: 4306:Governor-General of Chōsen 4259: 4175: 4169: 4063:In response France invaded 3960: 3663:Japanese invasion of Korea 3652:meteorological observation 3553: 3519:defeated an invading Yuan 3364: 3358: 3292: 3277:in 1287. The 18th century 3171: 3061:Book of Roads and Kingdoms 3011: 3005: 2979: 2915: 2793: 2671: 2551:Goguryeo (also spelled as 2505:, 7th century Tang dynasty 2476: 2470: 2459: 2405: 2292: 2231: 2094:. Wi Man then established 2016: 1978: 1903:culture in Japan, and the 1845: 1779: 1704:People's Republic of China 1621:Donghak Peasant Revolution 39: 28: 13881: 13840: 13800: 13542: 13433: 13425:Propaganda in North Korea 13383: 13335: 13266: 13262: 13249: 13173: 13162: 13063: 12992: 12988: 12977: 12885:Government of South Korea 12862: 12854:Supreme People's Assembly 12759:Government of North Korea 12736: 12732: 12721: 12675: 12642: 12581: 12577: 12564: 12503:Korea under Japanese rule 12452:North–South States Period 12368: 12355:List of monarchs of Korea 12350:Military history of Korea 12342: 12338: 12325: 12307: 12021:Connor, Edgar V. (2003). 11957:In Korea with Marquis Ito 11913:Choe Ki-ho (최기호) (2007). 11737:. John Wiley & Sons. 11731:Stark, Miriam T. (2008). 11651:. U of Washington Press. 11490:10.1016/j.eeh.2011.09.003 11266:Seth, Michael J. (2011). 11239:Seth, Michael J. (2010). 11211:Seth, Michael J. (2006). 11094:Nelson, Sarah M. (1993). 10734:Academy of Korean Studies 10711:Academy of Korean Studies 10528:The Korean War: A History 10361:Lee, Park & Yoon 2005 9848:: 189–205. Archived from 9792:Asiatic Research Bulletin 9711:Lee, Park & Yoon 2005 9699:Lee, Park & Yoon 2005 9675:Lee, Park & Yoon 2005 9558:Lee, Park & Yoon 2005 9546:Lee, Park & Yoon 2005 9473:Lee, Park & Yoon 2005 9335:Lee, Park & Yoon 2005 9295:Lee, Park & Yoon 2005 9271:Lee, Park & Yoon 2005 9208:Lee, Park & Yoon 2005 8886:Lee, Park & Yoon 2005 8862:Lee, Park & Yoon 2005 8770:. Routledge. p. 79. 8720:Lee, Park & Yoon 2005 8565:Academy of Korean Studies 8338:Lee, Park & Yoon 2005 8249:Lee, Park & Yoon 2005 7868:Speeches in World History 7287:Lee, Park & Yoon 2005 7275:Lee, Park & Yoon 2005 7263:Lee, Park & Yoon 2005 7230:. BRILL. pp. 18–19. 7112:. iUniverse. p. 27. 6969:, Seoul Times, 2006-06-18 6846:Lee, Park & Yoon 2005 6771:Lee, Park & Yoon 2005 6626:Lee, Park & Yoon 2005 6598:. ABC-CLIO. p. 406. 6532:. Routledge. p. 90. 6303:. Scribner. p. 324. 5951:Lee, Park & Yoon 2005 5853:Library, British (2004). 5841:Lee, Park & Yoon 2005 5811:Lee, Park & Yoon 2005 5799:Lee, Park & Yoon 2005 5763:Lee, Park & Yoon 2005 5733:Lee, Park & Yoon 2005 5268:Lee, Park & Yoon 2005 5213:Lee, Park & Yoon 2005 5173:Lee, Park & Yoon 2005 4760:Military history of Korea 4755:List of monarchs of Korea 4343:The Japanese removed the 4262:Korea under Japanese rule 4256:Japanese rule (1910–1945) 4250:Resident-General of Korea 4201:, and King Gojong became 4166:Korean Empire (1897–1910) 3825:", which literally means 3167: 2982:North–South States Period 2667: 2630:campaign against Goguryeo 2220:, although Buyeo and the 1714:in 1950 in an attempt to 1475:From the 1st century BC, 13602:East Timor (Timor-Leste) 13486:Sexuality in South Korea 13443:Education in South Korea 13393:Education in North Korea 13327:Tattooing in South Korea 13136:Squatting in South Korea 13126:Miracle on the Han River 13098:Transport in South Korea 13022:Transport in North Korea 12949:Judiciary of South Korea 12917:Elections in South Korea 12890:President of South Korea 12796:Elections in North Korea 12677:Geography of South Korea 12644:Geography of North Korea 12599:List of islands of Korea 12421:Four Commanderies of Han 12091:Hyung, Hyung Il (2000). 12063:Hyung, Hyung Il (2000). 11977: 11870:Miyata, Setsuko (1992). 11851:Yamawaki, Keizo (1994). 11804:Yang, Sung-chul (1999). 11779:East Asia: A New History 11497:Connor, Mary E. (2002). 11398:(Lexington Books, 2016). 11379:Journal of Asian Studies 11299:A Brief History of Korea 11151:A Brief History of Korea 11096:The archaeology of Korea 11054:Nahm, Andrew C. (2005). 10967:Lee, Kenneth B. (1997). 10481:Rowman & Littlefield 10373:Cairo Conference is held 10143:Lee, Young-hoon (2009). 9515:A Brief History of Korea 8688: 8653: 8619: 8586: 8553: 8502:Catholic Peace Newspaper 8432: 8175:The Rough Guide to China 7800:Koreaʾs pottery heritage 7506:Gernet, Jacques (1996). 7075:A Brief History of Korea 6122:. UNESCO. p. 1133. 6046:The History of the World 5609:매국사학의 몸통들아, 공개토론장으로 나와라! 4668:Miracle on the Han River 4476:People's Liberation Army 4300:Korea was controlled by 4234:Second Hague Conventions 4222:1905 Protectorate Treaty 4142:Donghak Peasant Movement 4125:, and withdrew in 1887. 4015:Subsequently, Korea was 3199:National Museum of Korea 2904:but were repelled. King 2789: 2767:, iron-making, advanced 2708:basin (near present-day 2536:was founded in 37 BC by 2150:Four Commanderies of Han 2058:In the 12th century BC, 2007:National Museum of Korea 1989:Four Commanderies of Han 1647:of 1919. Thereafter the 335:Four Commanderies of Han 13863:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 13476:Marriage in South Korea 13448:Religion in South Korea 13398:Religion in North Korea 12912:Politics of South Korea 12808:Workers' Party of Korea 12791:Politics of North Korea 12614:List of rivers of Korea 12428:Three Kingdoms of Korea 11623:Lee, Chong-Sik (1963). 11562:Hulbert, H. B. (2014). 11543:Hawley, Samuel (2005). 11447:Lee, Peter H. (2010) . 11426:Lee, Peter H. (2010) . 11297:Sin, Hyong-sik (2005). 10961:Atlas of Korean History 10857:Jager, Sheila Miyoshi. 10824:. New York: Routledge. 10767:Cumings, Bruce (2005). 10654:Oxford University Press 10559:McGuire, James (2010). 8959:"Korea, 1000–1400 A.D." 5907:Grenet, Frantz (2004). 5116:Jeong, Yoonjae (2009). 4962:Atlas of Korean History 4184:First Sino-Japanese War 4138:First Sino-Japanese War 4080:laden with explosives. 3976:Korean Embassy to Japan 3665:between 1592 and 1598. 3411:military regime leaders 3087:, which acted like the 2911: 2883:Three Kingdoms of Korea 2600:Three Kingdoms of Korea 2572:Three Kingdoms of China 2462:Three Kingdoms of Korea 2456:Three Kingdoms of Korea 2350:was the predecessor to 2333:Three Kingdoms of Korea 2259:Three Kingdoms of Korea 2121:In 108 BC, the Chinese 2092:Han vassal state of Yan 1810:No fossil proven to be 1764:constructed around the 1581:, the Korean alphabet. 1489:Three Kingdoms of Korea 13453:Smoking in South Korea 13435:Culture of South Korea 13403:Smoking in North Korea 13385:Culture of North Korea 13093:Tourism in South Korea 13065:Economy of South Korea 13017:Tourism in North Korea 12994:Economy of North Korea 12954:Supreme Court of Korea 12774:Premier of North Korea 12667:Geology of North Korea 12629:Geology of South Korea 12604:List of lakes of Korea 12539:History of North Korea 12535:History of South Korea 12147:Lee, Peter H. (1996). 11688:Schmid, Andre (2013). 11303:Ewha Womans University 10998:A New History of Korea 10896:Kim, Djun Kil (2014). 10865:Kim, Djun Kil (2005). 10821:Korea: an introduction 10176:Park, Eun-sik (1972). 9915:Hoare & Pares 1988 8353:Korean History in Maps 7432:. Adegi Graphics LLC. 7106:Yu, Chai-Shin (2012). 6818:. 길잡이미디어. p. 41. 6691:Korean History in Maps 6492:Grant, Reg G. (2011). 5487:Korean History in Maps 5191:, 39: 1–2, pp. 95–121. 4690:information technology 4623:History of South Korea 4619:History of North Korea 4593:On June 25, 1950, the 4520: 4505: 4472:Korean Liberation Army 4451: 4449:Korean Liberation Army 4379: 4278: 4186:(1894–1895), the 1895 3982: 3876: 3875:Koreans, taken in 1863 3779:King Jeongjo of Joseon 3580: 3568: 3485:under the overlordship 3391: 3367:Goryeo military regime 3221:Russian Primorsky Krai 3201: 3190: 3032: 2976:North and South States 2927: 2829: 2813: 2688:Baekje was founded by 2685: 2530: 2506: 2488: 2254: 2243: 2157: 2009: 1998: 1848:Jeulmun pottery period 1834:, and north and south 1814:has been found in the 1807: 1491:(57 BC–668 AD), until 910:World Heritage Sites ( 901:Science and technology 679:Provisional Government 35:History of South Korea 31:History of North Korea 13083:Energy in South Korea 13050:Mining in North Korea 13007:Energy in North Korea 12233:Korean History online 11691:Korea Between Empires 11642:on September 4, 2015. 11381:78.3 (2019): 601–620. 11374:(2012) 52#1 pp 85–95, 11329:Em, Henry H. (2013). 11169:Pratt, Keith (2007). 10995:Lee, Ki-baik (1984). 10932:Kim, Jinwung (2012). 10751:Buzo, Adrian (2002). 10504:(2 million), and the 9607:43.1 (2003): 174–203. 9398:Fonts & Encodings 9145:Bowman, John (2000). 7727:. Faber & Faber. 7299:DuBois, Jill (2004). 7019:Pottery – MSN Encarta 6988:, Asia Society Museum 5998:Charles Roger Tennant 5982:Book of the Later Han 5413:Eckert & Lee 1990 5135:Myungki, Kim (2012). 4897:, 52: 2, pp. 483–492. 4852:Eckert & Lee 1990 4807:Eckert & Lee 1990 4724:Panmunjom Declaration 4674:within a generation. 4511: 4503: 4447: 4407:Battle of Chingshanli 4373: 4273: 4188:Treaty of Shimonoseki 4176:Further information: 3974: 3957:Foreign relationships 3870: 3627:. In 1394 he adopted 3588:In 1392, the general 3574: 3563: 3542:, the founder of the 3378: 3371:Korea under Yuan rule 3196: 3181: 3142:of Chinese Buddhism. 3103:and the mouth of the 3021: 2925: 2819: 2803: 2740:, as well as part of 2681: 2512: 2494: 2486: 2249: 2241: 2147: 2105:, surrendered to the 2004: 1996: 1865:Pit–Comb Ware culture 1794: 1747:economy has prospered 1651:, coordinated by the 1546:flourished. However, 1357:Emblem of South Korea 1352:Emblem of North Korea 402:(Tributary of Baekje) 348:Three Kingdoms period 40:For book series, see 13777:United Arab Emirates 13481:Media of South Korea 13458:Sport in South Korea 13408:Sport in North Korea 13193:Aging of South Korea 12786:Korean People's Army 12468:Later Three Kingdoms 11953:George Trumbull Ladd 11895:Anti-Japan Tribalism 11565:The History of Korea 11503:. ABC-CLIO. p. 11388:1#1 (2014): 15–34. 11020:. Paju: Jimoondang. 11018:New History of Korea 10899:The History of Korea 10891:Via Internet Archive 10868:The History of Korea 10656:. pp. 450–453. 10192:"March 1st Movement" 8692:(in Korean). 휴머니스트. 8686:박, 종기 (2015-08-24). 8651:장덕호 (1 March 2015). 8261:Old records of Silla 6232:New history of Korea 5966:Buddhism in Goguryeo 4785:Korean Reunification 4683:Summer Olympic Games 4679:1988 Summer Olympics 4285:effectively annexed 3487:of the Mongol-ruled 3295:Later Three Kingdoms 3289:Later Three Kingdoms 3197:Balhae stele at the 3151:Later Three Kingdoms 3066:World Heritage Sites 2943:Byeonhan confederacy 2588:Gwanggaeto the Great 2452:in the 4th century. 2420:Byeonhan confederacy 2376:in the 5th century. 2374:Gwanggaeto the Great 2228:Proto–Three Kingdoms 2117:Chinese commanderies 2062:, a prince from the 1920:Mumun pottery period 1852:Mumun pottery period 1730:to formally end the 1670:in 1945, the Allies 1649:resistance movements 1569:(1392–1897) after a 1512:Later Three Kingdoms 1493:unification by Silla 1470:Proto–Three Kingdoms 1425:by 2000 BC, and the 1362:World Heritage Sites 714:North-South division 704:Military governments 477:(Tributary of Silla) 13804:limited recognition 13345:Korean architecture 13322:Korean tea ceremony 13289:Korean martial arts 13040:North Korean famine 11734:Archaeology of Asia 11714:Archaeology Of Asia 10871:. Greenwood Press. 10803:. Clarendon Press. 10423:, pp. 107–108. 10214:, pp. 340–344. 10165:Doosan Encyclopedia 10105:on 25 January 2007. 9900:, pp. 309–317. 9713:, pp. 435–437. 9701:, pp. 387–389. 9689:, pp. 168–173. 9677:, pp. 391–401. 9560:, pp. 469–470. 9548:, pp. 421–424. 9475:, pp. 413–416. 9337:, pp. 371–375. 9325:, pp. 160–163. 9297:, pp. 369–370. 9285:, pp. 152–155. 9273:, pp. 351–353. 9222:, pp. 142–145. 9210:, pp. 343–350. 8903:Library of Congress 8888:, pp. 309–312. 8876:, pp. 122–123. 8864:, pp. 360–361. 8851:Doosan Encyclopedia 8834:, pp. 120–121. 8340:, pp. 244–248. 8251:, pp. 266–269. 8061:. Seoul Selection. 7289:, pp. 241–242. 7277:, pp. 159–162. 7265:, pp. 222–225. 7198:, pp. 243–258. 6848:, pp. 202–206. 6773:, pp. 224–225. 6628:, pp. 214–222. 5970:Doosan Encyclopedia 5953:, pp. 199–202. 5937:Doosan Encyclopedia 5843:, pp. 135–141. 5830:Doosan Encyclopedia 5813:, pp. 130–131. 5801:, pp. 128–130. 5765:, pp. 109–116. 5752:Doosan Encyclopedia 5230:, pp. 110–116. 5189:Arctic Anthropology 5015:Doosan Encyclopedia 4934:, pp. 14, 167. 4504:Liberation of Korea 4401:was established in 4312:on 15 August 1945. 4182:As a result of the 4153:Empress Myeongseong 3863:Culture and society 3857:Empress Myeongseong 3849:Heungseon Daewongun 3845:Cheoljong of Joseon 3303:and the revival of 3030:World Heritage Site 2937:valley of southern 2250:Gold buckle of the 1959:Bronze Age in Korea 1856:The earliest known 1716:reunify the country 1672:divided the country 1633:protectorate treaty 1617:Empress Myeongseong 1429:around 700 BC. The 1062:Arts and literature 669:Japanese occupation 13350:Korean calligraphy 12619:Provinces of Korea 12571:Geography of Korea 12393:Jin (Korean state) 12244:Kyujanggak Archive 11353:(1999) 39#3 pp 377 10649:America in Vietnam 10389:2011-03-19 at the 10378:2013-04-13 at the 10338:2016-06-09 at the 10099:www.japanfocus.org 9981:2016-03-04 at the 9932:2019-01-01 at the 9662:The New York Times 9656:2017-08-22 at the 8748:Kim, Djun Kil 2005 7587:Kim, Djun Kil 2014 7458:2016-07-16 at the 7410:Kim, Djun Kil 2005 7150:2009-02-14 at the 7051:, JapanVisitor.com 7047:2016-03-04 at the 7003:2012-05-10 at the 6984:2016-03-03 at the 6965:2016-03-03 at the 6798:Jonathan W. Best, 6743:Kim, Djun Kil 2014 6026:Byington, Mark E. 6003:A history of Korea 5719:2016-02-09 at the 5677:2008-07-26 at the 5504:2022-12-31 at the 5459:2010-02-07 at the 5440:Gojoseon territory 5254:2017-02-18 at the 5159:2007-12-19 at the 5104:Kim, Djun Kil 2014 4889:2012-10-22 at the 4521: 4506: 4452: 4388:March 1st Movement 4380: 4376:March 1st Movement 4279: 4230:sent secret envoys 4214:Russo-Japanese War 3983: 3877: 3694:JaHyun Kim Haboush 3667:Toyotomi Hideyoshi 3581: 3569: 3465:invasions of Korea 3392: 3281:dynasty historian 3217:Liaodong Peninsula 3202: 3191: 3101:Shandong Peninsula 3033: 2928: 2838:Jinhan confederacy 2830: 2814: 2761:Chinese characters 2750:Southern dynasties 2686: 2607:military conflicts 2531: 2507: 2489: 2416:Jinhan confederacy 2386:. Dongye bordered 2358:(Southern Buyeo). 2346:(Northern Buyeo). 2307:After the fall of 2255: 2244: 2158: 2111:Canghai Commandery 2010: 1999: 1985:Jin (Korean state) 1922:(c. 1500–300 BC). 1808: 1678:(protected by the 1645:March 1st Movement 612:(Vassal of Goryeo) 222:4th–2nd century BC 96:700,000 BC-8000 BC 83:Prehistoric period 13909: 13908: 13846:other territories 13502: 13501: 13498: 13497: 13494: 13493: 13360:Korean literature 13304:Religion in Korea 13299:Korean philosophy 13245: 13244: 13158: 13157: 13154: 13153: 12973: 12972: 12969: 12968: 12813:General Secretary 12717: 12716: 12713: 12712: 12560: 12559: 12556: 12555: 12515:Division of Korea 12160:978-0-231-07912-9 12132:978-0-549-44036-9 12104:978-0-674-00244-9 12076:978-0-674-00244-9 12047:Kim, Jinwung 2012 12032:978-1-59033-443-0 12006:978-1-59033-443-0 11924:978-4-396-31435-4 11905:978-89-7087-326-8 11881:978-4-7503-0406-9 11862:978-4-7503-0568-4 11843:978-89-445-9101-3 11815:978-1-56591-105-5 11808:. Seoul: Hollym. 11789:978-1-4772-6517-8 11768:978-0-304-35948-6 11753:Turnbull, Stephen 11744:978-1-4051-5303-4 11723:978-1-4051-0212-4 11701:978-0-231-50630-4 11680:978-0-231-12538-3 11658:978-0-295-99216-7 11602:978-0-674-05820-0 11575:978-1-317-84941-4 11554:978-89-954424-2-5 11533:978-1-78023-025-2 11514:978-1-57607-277-6 11460:978-0-231-51530-6 11439:978-0-231-51529-0 11340:978-0-8223-5372-0 11312:978-89-7300-619-9 11281:978-0-7425-6715-3 11258:978-0-7425-6716-0 11224:978-0-7425-4005-7 11203:978-0-8248-3174-5 11180:978-1-86189-335-2 11161:978-1-4381-2738-5 11126:978-1-503-62984-4 11105:978-0-521-40783-0 11086:978-0-8108-4949-5 11067:978-0-930878-68-9 11046:978-0-231-16070-4 11027:978-89-88095-85-0 11008:978-0-674-61576-2 10980:978-0-275-95823-7 10945:978-0-253-00078-1 10909:978-1-61069-582-4 10878:978-0-313-03853-2 10850:978-0-230-36453-0 10831:978-0-7103-0299-1 10810:978-0-19-826186-5 10789:978-0-9627713-0-9 10743:978-89-7105-546-5 10720:978-89-7105-545-8 10663:978-0-19-987423-1 10625:978-0-415-15316-4 10600:Painter, David S. 10582:978-1-139-48622-4 10541:978-0-8129-7896-4 10498:Chinese Civil War 10490:978-1-4422-2641-8 10259:“The New Korea”, 10246:“The New Korea”, 10212:Lee, Ki-baik 1984 10129:978-0-520-24420-7 10050:978-1-61238-870-0 9898:Lee, Ki-baik 1984 9888:, pp. 58–61. 9876:, pp. 51–55. 9855:on March 13, 2014 9630:978-0-19-061194-1 9583:978-0-521-62209-7 9525:978-89-7300-619-9 9499:978-0-231-54098-8 9447:978-94-017-1416-7 9408:978-0-596-10242-5 9307:Lee, Ki-baik 1984 9245:978-1-4931-4516-4 9164:978-0-231-50004-3 9103:978-0-231-50251-1 9064:978-1-285-44551-9 9030:978-1-285-52867-0 8929:"Gutenberg Bible" 8811:978-0-520-04562-0 8777:978-1-136-86925-9 8732:Lee, Ki-baik 1984 8699:978-89-5862-902-3 8630:979-11-5925-024-8 8623:(in Korean). 들녘. 8620:고려사 – 열정과 자존의 오백년 8468:"(2) 건국―호족들과의 제휴" 8436:(in Korean). 들녘. 8433:고려사 - 열정과 자존의 오백년 8404:978-0-16-088278-4 8363:978-1-107-09846-6 8223:978-1-4654-5567-3 8185:978-0-241-01037-2 8146:978-1-84353-019-0 8107:978-3-8470-0485-1 8068:978-1-62412-076-3 8029:978-0-19-988218-2 7990:978-0-231-54019-3 7951:978-0-19-804320-1 7912:978-1-4008-4805-8 7878:978-1-4381-2680-7 7844:978-0-9777553-0-1 7778:on 3 October 2016 7734:978-0-571-29935-5 7667:978-0-87099-850-8 7628:978-0-14-196683-0 7562:978-0-471-07053-5 7525:978-0-521-49781-7 7485:978-1-136-87590-8 7439:978-0-543-01434-4 7389:978-1-61238-632-4 7355:978-0-674-01163-2 7318:978-0-7614-1786-6 7237:978-90-04-30005-7 7208:Kim, Jinwung 2012 7186:, pp. 48–49. 7119:978-1-4620-5559-3 7085:978-89-7300-619-9 6939:978-1-111-80815-0 6905:978-1-136-87590-8 6871:978-0-618-13384-0 6825:978-89-289-0084-8 6783:Lee, Ki-baik 1984 6755:Lee, Ki-baik 1984 6727:Kim, Jinwung 2012 6701:978-1-107-09846-6 6667:978-1-136-63979-1 6638:Kim, Jinwung 2012 6605:978-1-85109-672-5 6560:Lee, Ki-baik 1984 6539:978-1-134-12597-5 6505:978-0-7893-2233-3 6471:978-0-393-08192-3 6407:Lee, Ki-baik 1984 6397:, pp. 38–40. 6395:Lee, Ki-baik 1984 6376:on 28 August 2016 6344:978-0-231-50251-1 6310:978-0-684-18899-7 6276:978-0-521-22352-2 6242:978-89-88095-85-0 6208:978-1-317-46129-6 6179:Kim, Jinwung 2012 6129:978-92-3-102813-7 6097:on April 17, 2021 6090:978-0-230-60873-3 6056:978-0-19-993676-2 5984:, volume 85; the 5893:978-1-83860-868-2 5866:978-1-932476-13-2 5735:, pp. 92–95. 5700:, Jared Diamond, 5425:Lee, Ki-baik 1984 5270:, pp. 82–85. 5215:, pp. 23–26. 5106:, pp. 65–68. 5080:Lee, Ki-baik 1984 4932:Lee, Ki-baik 1984 4770:Prehistoric Korea 4672:developed country 4634:With the coup of 4599:Geneva conference 4588:Republic of Korea 4561:Republic of China 4496:Division of Korea 4468:guerrilla warfare 4423:Republic of Korea 4207:Independence Club 4117:In 1885, British 4055:Second Opium Wars 3711:factional battles 3584:Political history 3453:Tripitaka Koreana 3449:Goryeo–Khitan War 3426:Tripitaka Koreana 3052:Abbasid Caliphate 2702:Mahan confederacy 2412:Mahan confederacy 2398:before its fall. 2315:arose in today's 2261:, which included 2135:Lelang Commandery 2131:four commanderies 1869:Yunggimun pottery 1782:Prehistoric Korea 1753:has maintained a 1696:Republic of Korea 1666:After the end of 1641:Korean resistance 1561:In 1392, General 1532:last crown prince 1407:Lower Paleolithic 1403: 1402: 983: 982: 744: 743: 687: 686: 652: 651: 582: 581: 485: 484: 422: 421: 235: 234: 152: 151: 16:(Redirected from 13929: 13922:History of Korea 13899: 13889: 13888: 13858:Christmas Island 13544:Sovereign states 13529: 13522: 13515: 13506: 13505: 13413:Arirang Festival 13313: 13294:Korean mythology 13264: 13263: 13256:Culture of Korea 13251: 13250: 13164: 13163: 13107: 13103:South Korean won 13031: 13027:North Korean won 12990: 12989: 12979: 12978: 12734: 12733: 12723: 12722: 12624:Regions of Korea 12594:Korean Peninsula 12579: 12578: 12566: 12565: 12445:Gaya confederacy 12340: 12339: 12332:History of Korea 12327: 12326: 12296: 12289: 12282: 12273: 12272: 12256:History of Korea 12215: 12212: 12206: 12200: 12194: 12187: 12181: 12178: 12172: 12164: 12136: 12108: 12080: 12036: 12010: 11988: 11972: 11960: 11948: 11928: 11909: 11885: 11866: 11847: 11819: 11800: 11798: 11796: 11772: 11748: 11727: 11710:Stark, Miriam T. 11705: 11684: 11662: 11643: 11638:. 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Archived from 7760:Mason, David A. 7757: 7751: 7750: 7748: 7746: 7718: 7712: 7711: 7709: 7707: 7690: 7684: 7683: 7681: 7679: 7651: 7645: 7644: 7642: 7640: 7612: 7606: 7596: 7590: 7584: 7578: 7577: 7571: 7569: 7546: 7540: 7539: 7534: 7532: 7513: 7503: 7497: 7496: 7494: 7492: 7469: 7463: 7450: 7444: 7443: 7423: 7417: 7407: 7401: 7400: 7398: 7396: 7373: 7367: 7366: 7364: 7362: 7339: 7333: 7332: 7327: 7325: 7306: 7296: 7290: 7284: 7278: 7272: 7266: 7260: 7254: 7253: 7251: 7249: 7221: 7215: 7205: 7199: 7193: 7187: 7181: 7175: 7174: 7161: 7155: 7142: 7136: 7135: 7133: 7131: 7103: 7097: 7096: 7094: 7092: 7070: 7064: 7058: 7052: 7042:History of Japan 7039: 7033: 7027: 7022:. Archived from 7014: 7008: 7007:, JapanGuide.com 6995: 6989: 6976: 6970: 6957: 6951: 6950: 6948: 6946: 6923: 6917: 6916: 6914: 6912: 6889: 6883: 6882: 6880: 6878: 6855: 6849: 6843: 6837: 6836: 6834: 6832: 6809: 6803: 6796: 6790: 6780: 6774: 6768: 6762: 6752: 6746: 6740: 6734: 6724: 6718: 6717: 6715: 6713: 6685: 6679: 6678: 6676: 6674: 6651: 6645: 6635: 6629: 6623: 6617: 6616: 6614: 6612: 6589: 6583: 6573: 6567: 6557: 6551: 6550: 6548: 6546: 6523: 6517: 6516: 6514: 6512: 6489: 6483: 6482: 6480: 6478: 6455: 6449: 6439: 6430: 6420: 6414: 6404: 6398: 6392: 6386: 6385: 6383: 6381: 6362: 6356: 6355: 6353: 6351: 6328: 6322: 6321: 6319: 6317: 6294: 6288: 6287: 6285: 6283: 6260: 6254: 6253: 6226: 6220: 6219: 6217: 6215: 6192: 6186: 6176: 6165: 6155: 6146: 6145: 6143: 6141: 6113: 6107: 6106: 6104: 6102: 6093:. 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Archived from 5584: 5578: 5577: 5537: 5531: 5530: 5517: 5511: 5496: 5490: 5483: 5477: 5470: 5464: 5451: 5445: 5438: 5434: 5428: 5422: 5416: 5410: 5404: 5401: 5395: 5345: 5339: 5333: 5327: 5321: 5315: 5300: 5294: 5291: 5285: 5284: 5277: 5271: 5265: 5259: 5246: 5240: 5237: 5231: 5225: 5216: 5210: 5204: 5198: 5192: 5182: 5176: 5175:, pp. 8–12. 5170: 5164: 5151: 5145: 5144: 5132: 5126: 5125: 5113: 5107: 5101: 5095: 5089: 5083: 5077: 5068: 5065: 5056: 5055:, p. 35-36. 5050: 5044: 5043:, p. 63-64. 5038: 5032: 5026: 5017: 5002: 4998: 4987: 4986: 4956: 4947: 4941: 4935: 4929: 4923: 4917: 4911: 4904: 4898: 4881: 4872: 4866: 4855: 4849: 4843: 4837: 4828: 4821: 4810: 4804: 4525:Cairo Conference 4460:Korean Peninsula 4409:of 1920 and the 4365:Governor-General 4361:Gyeongbok Palace 3995:Seven Years' War 3919:A middle class, 3904:Sejong the Great 3881:Neo-Confucianism 3831:Second Opium War 3827:Eastern Learning 3811:Pungyang Jo clan 3776: 3772: 3771: 3762: 3761: 3671:righteous armies 3644:Sejong the Great 3637:Sejong the Great 3629:Neo-Confucianism 3625:Gyeongbok Palace 3606:Neo-Confucianism 3527:menace and used 3383:from the Korean 3213:Korean Peninsula 3140:Sacred Mountains 3138:one of the Four 2918:Gaya confederacy 2872:Gaya confederacy 2654:Korean Peninsula 2611:Goguryeo–Sui War 2564:Goguryeo–Wei War 2438:Korean Peninsula 2384:Korean Peninsula 2366:Korean Peninsula 2222:Gaya confederacy 1895:river basins of 1816:Korean Peninsula 1762:personality cult 1758:militarized rule 1728:final settlement 1613:unequal treaties 1575:Sejong the Great 1565:established the 1548:Mongol invasions 1495:in 676. In 698, 1411:Korean Peninsula 1395: 1388: 1381: 1018: 1010: 1008:Culture of Korea 992: 985: 984: 975: 968: 961: 949:Korea portal 947: 946: 921: 915: 894: 887: 880: 868: 862: 856: 837: 825: 813: 807: 700: 699: 665: 664: 595: 594: 516:(Later Goguryeo) 500: 499: 437: 436: 388:Gaya confederacy 353: 352: 311: 304: 297: 278: 271: 209: 197: 185: 175: 165: 164: 88: 87: 75: 65: 47: 46: 21: 13937: 13936: 13932: 13931: 13930: 13928: 13927: 13926: 13912: 13911: 13910: 13905: 13877: 13845: 13836: 13817:Northern Cyprus 13803: 13796: 13538: 13536:History of Asia 13533: 13503: 13490: 13429: 13379: 13370:Korean painting 13331: 13311: 13274:Cinema of Korea 13258: 13241: 13220:Korean language 13169: 13150: 13105: 13059: 13029: 12984: 12965: 12858: 12728: 12709: 12671: 12638: 12634:Floods in Korea 12573: 12552: 12364: 12334: 12321: 12303: 12300: 12224: 12219: 12218: 12213: 12209: 12201: 12197: 12188: 12184: 12179: 12175: 12161: 12133: 12105: 12077: 12033: 12007: 11989: 11985: 11980: 11975: 11933:Alleyne Ireland 11925: 11906: 11882: 11863: 11844: 11827: 11822: 11816: 11794: 11792: 11790: 11782:. AuthorHouse. 11769: 11745: 11724: 11702: 11681: 11659: 11607: 11603: 11576: 11555: 11538: 11534: 11515: 11471: 11461: 11440: 11422: 11420:Primary sources 11417: 11345: 11341: 11324: 11319: 11313: 11282: 11259: 11229: 11227: 11225: 11204: 11181: 11162: 11132: 11131: 11127: 11106: 11087: 11068: 11047: 11028: 11009: 10985: 10983: 10981: 10950: 10948: 10946: 10922: 10920: 10910: 10883: 10881: 10879: 10851: 10832: 10811: 10790: 10744: 10721: 10700: 10695: 10690: 10689: 10680: 10679: 10675: 10664: 10641: 10637: 10626: 10597: 10593: 10583: 10557: 10553: 10542: 10521: 10517: 10491: 10473: 10469: 10461: 10454: 10450: 10449: 10445: 10432: 10431: 10427: 10419: 10415: 10402: 10401: 10397: 10391:Wayback Machine 10380:Wayback Machine 10371: 10367: 10359: 10355: 10350: 10346: 10340:Wayback Machine 10331: 10327: 10318: 10316: 10304: 10297: 10292: 10288: 10280: 10276: 10271: 10267: 10261:Alleyne Ireland 10258: 10254: 10248:Alleyne Ireland 10245: 10241: 10222: 10218: 10210: 10203: 10190: 10189: 10185: 10174: 10170: 10157: 10156: 10152: 10141: 10137: 10130: 10114: 10110: 10091: 10087: 10079: 10068: 10062: 10058: 10051: 10035: 10031: 9996: 9989: 9983:Wayback Machine 9974: 9970: 9961: 9959: 9944: 9940: 9934:Wayback Machine 9925: 9921: 9913: 9904: 9896: 9892: 9884: 9880: 9872: 9868: 9858: 9856: 9852: 9844:(in Japanese). 9837: 9831: 9827: 9819: 9815: 9807: 9803: 9788: 9784: 9776: 9772: 9765:Uri history net 9759: 9758: 9754: 9745: 9741: 9733: 9729: 9725:, p. 195f. 9721: 9717: 9709: 9705: 9697: 9693: 9685: 9681: 9673: 9669: 9658:Wayback Machine 9649: 9645: 9635: 9633: 9631: 9615: 9611: 9602: 9598: 9588: 9586: 9584: 9568: 9564: 9556: 9552: 9544: 9540: 9530: 9528: 9526: 9512: 9511: 9507: 9500: 9483: 9479: 9471: 9467: 9457: 9455: 9448: 9432: 9428: 9418: 9416: 9409: 9393: 9389: 9379: 9377: 9367: 9366: 9359: 9348: 9341: 9333: 9329: 9321: 9317: 9305: 9301: 9293: 9289: 9281: 9277: 9269: 9265: 9255: 9253: 9246: 9230: 9226: 9218: 9214: 9206: 9202: 9191: 9182: 9169: 9167: 9165: 9143: 9139: 9127: 9123: 9113: 9111: 9104: 9088: 9084: 9074: 9072: 9065: 9049: 9045: 9035: 9033: 9031: 9015: 9011: 9001: 8999: 8986: 8985: 8981: 8971: 8969: 8957: 8956: 8952: 8942: 8940: 8933:British Library 8927: 8926: 8922: 8912: 8910: 8897: 8896: 8892: 8884: 8880: 8872: 8868: 8860: 8856: 8843: 8842: 8838: 8830: 8826: 8816: 8814: 8812: 8796: 8792: 8782: 8780: 8778: 8762: 8758: 8746: 8742: 8730: 8726: 8718: 8714: 8704: 8702: 8700: 8690: 8684: 8680: 8670: 8668: 8655: 8649: 8645: 8635: 8633: 8631: 8621: 8615: 8611: 8601: 8599: 8598:on 1 April 2018 8588: 8584: 8583: 8579: 8569: 8567: 8555: 8551: 8550: 8546: 8535: 8531: 8520: 8516: 8506: 8504: 8494: 8490: 8480: 8478: 8466: 8465: 8458: 8448: 8446: 8444: 8434: 8428: 8424: 8414: 8412: 8405: 8391: 8390: 8383: 8373: 8371: 8364: 8348: 8344: 8336: 8327: 8315: 8311: 8303: 8299: 8291: 8287: 8275: 8271: 8259: 8255: 8247: 8243: 8233: 8231: 8224: 8210: 8209: 8205: 8195: 8193: 8186: 8170: 8166: 8156: 8154: 8147: 8131: 8127: 8117: 8115: 8108: 8092: 8088: 8078: 8076: 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Machine 6958: 6954: 6944: 6942: 6940: 6924: 6920: 6910: 6908: 6906: 6890: 6886: 6876: 6874: 6872: 6856: 6852: 6844: 6840: 6830: 6828: 6826: 6810: 6806: 6797: 6793: 6781: 6777: 6769: 6765: 6753: 6749: 6741: 6737: 6725: 6721: 6711: 6709: 6702: 6686: 6682: 6672: 6670: 6668: 6652: 6648: 6636: 6632: 6624: 6620: 6610: 6608: 6606: 6590: 6586: 6574: 6570: 6558: 6554: 6544: 6542: 6540: 6524: 6520: 6510: 6508: 6506: 6490: 6486: 6476: 6474: 6472: 6456: 6452: 6440: 6433: 6421: 6417: 6405: 6401: 6393: 6389: 6379: 6377: 6370:KBS World Radio 6364: 6363: 6359: 6349: 6347: 6345: 6329: 6325: 6315: 6313: 6311: 6295: 6291: 6281: 6279: 6277: 6261: 6257: 6243: 6227: 6223: 6213: 6211: 6209: 6193: 6189: 6177: 6168: 6156: 6149: 6139: 6137: 6130: 6114: 6110: 6100: 6098: 6091: 6075: 6071: 6061: 6059: 6057: 6041: 6037: 6025: 6021: 6014: 5995: 5991: 5986:Dongyi Liezhuan 5979: 5975: 5962: 5961: 5957: 5949: 5942: 5929: 5928: 5924: 5905: 5901: 5894: 5878: 5874: 5867: 5851: 5847: 5839: 5835: 5822: 5821: 5817: 5809: 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4644:Five-Year Plans 4627:Beginning with 4625: 4617:Main articles: 4615: 4586:recognised the 4498: 4492: 4283:Empire of Japan 4268: 4260:Main articles: 4258: 4238:Emperor Sunjong 4180: 4174: 4168: 4161: 4074:General Sherman 4017:invaded in 1627 3969: 3961:Main articles: 3959: 3893:Hunmin jeongeom 3865: 3841:Gojong of Korea 3787:Andong Kim clan 3783:Sunjo of Joseon 3731: 3586: 3558: 3552: 3529:naval artillery 3397:was founded by 3373: 3363: 3357: 3297: 3291: 3267:Dae Gwang-hyeon 3252:Dae Gwang-hyeon 3248:Dae Gwang-hyeon 3176: 3170: 3016: 3010: 3004: 2984: 2978: 2920: 2914: 2890:Muyeol of Silla 2859:and especially 2857:Iranian peoples 2842:Park Hyeokgeose 2798: 2792: 2786:forces in 660. 2676: 2670: 2527:Afrasiab murals 2481: 2475: 2469: 2464: 2458: 2422: 2406:Main articles: 2404: 2402:Southern states 2305: 2293:Main articles: 2291: 2289:Northern states 2236: 2230: 2181:confederacies. 2163: 2119: 2109:and became the 2029: 2015: 1997:Korea in 108 BC 1991: 1979:Main articles: 1977: 1955: 1877:Jeulmun pottery 1854: 1846:Main articles: 1844: 1789: 1784: 1778: 1732:Korean conflict 1710:, launched the 1399: 1313:Paektu Mountain 1016: 1006: 979: 941: 927: 926: 925: 917: 911: 892: 885: 878: 864: 858: 852: 833: 821: 809: 803: 754: 746: 745: 697: 689: 688: 662: 661:Colonial period 654: 653: 592: 591:Dynastic period 584: 583: 549:Dongdan Kingdom 497: 487: 486: 463:Little Goguryeo 443:(Unified Silla) 434: 424: 423: 350: 340: 339: 331: 307: 300: 293: 274: 267: 247: 237: 236: 207: 195: 183: 162: 154: 153: 144:Liaoning dagger 106:8000 BC–1500 BC 85: 63: 56: 45: 38: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 13935: 13925: 13924: 13907: 13906: 13904: 13903: 13893: 13882: 13879: 13878: 13876: 13875: 13870: 13865: 13860: 13855: 13849: 13847: 13838: 13837: 13835: 13834: 13829: 13824: 13819: 13814: 13808: 13806: 13798: 13797: 13795: 13794: 13789: 13784: 13779: 13774: 13769: 13764: 13759: 13754: 13749: 13744: 13739: 13734: 13729: 13724: 13719: 13714: 13709: 13704: 13699: 13694: 13689: 13684: 13679: 13674: 13669: 13664: 13659: 13654: 13649: 13644: 13639: 13634: 13629: 13624: 13619: 13614: 13609: 13604: 13599: 13594: 13589: 13584: 13579: 13574: 13569: 13564: 13559: 13554: 13548: 13546: 13540: 13539: 13532: 13531: 13524: 13517: 13509: 13500: 13499: 13496: 13495: 13492: 13491: 13489: 13488: 13483: 13478: 13473: 13468: 13463: 13462:Cultural icons 13460: 13455: 13450: 13445: 13439: 13437: 13431: 13430: 13428: 13427: 13422: 13415: 13410: 13405: 13400: 13395: 13389: 13387: 13381: 13380: 13378: 13377: 13372: 13367: 13362: 13357: 13352: 13347: 13341: 13339: 13333: 13332: 13330: 13329: 13324: 13319: 13314: 13306: 13301: 13296: 13291: 13286: 13281: 13279:Korean cuisine 13276: 13270: 13268: 13260: 13259: 13247: 13246: 13243: 13242: 13240: 13239: 13234: 13233: 13232: 13227: 13217: 13212: 13211: 13210: 13205: 13200: 13195: 13185: 13180: 13174: 13171: 13170: 13160: 13159: 13156: 13155: 13152: 13151: 13149: 13148: 13143: 13138: 13133: 13128: 13123: 13118: 13113: 13108: 13100: 13095: 13090: 13085: 13080: 13075: 13069: 13067: 13061: 13060: 13058: 13057: 13052: 13047: 13042: 13037: 13032: 13024: 13019: 13014: 13009: 13004: 12998: 12996: 12986: 12985: 12975: 12974: 12971: 12970: 12967: 12966: 12964: 12963: 12962: 12961: 12956: 12946: 12941: 12936: 12935: 12934: 12929: 12924: 12919: 12909: 12904: 12899: 12898: 12897: 12892: 12882: 12877: 12872: 12866: 12864: 12860: 12859: 12857: 12856: 12851: 12846: 12845: 12844: 12834: 12827: 12826: 12825: 12820: 12815: 12805: 12804: 12803: 12798: 12788: 12783: 12778: 12777: 12776: 12771: 12766: 12756: 12751: 12746: 12740: 12738: 12730: 12729: 12719: 12718: 12715: 12714: 12711: 12710: 12708: 12707: 12702: 12697: 12692: 12687: 12681: 12679: 12673: 12672: 12670: 12669: 12664: 12659: 12654: 12648: 12646: 12640: 12639: 12637: 12636: 12631: 12626: 12621: 12616: 12611: 12606: 12601: 12596: 12591: 12585: 12583: 12575: 12574: 12562: 12561: 12558: 12557: 12554: 12553: 12551: 12550: 12541: 12532: 12531: 12530: 12512: 12511: 12510: 12500: 12495: 12490: 12485: 12484: 12483: 12465: 12464: 12463: 12449: 12448: 12447: 12425: 12424: 12423: 12397: 12396: 12395: 12372: 12370: 12366: 12365: 12363: 12362: 12357: 12352: 12346: 12344: 12336: 12335: 12323: 12322: 12320: 12319: 12314: 12308: 12305: 12304: 12299: 12298: 12291: 12284: 12276: 12270: 12269: 12259: 12253: 12247: 12241: 12236: 12230: 12223: 12222:External links 12220: 12217: 12216: 12207: 12195: 12182: 12173: 12171: 12170: 12166: 12165: 12159: 12143: 12142: 12138: 12137: 12131: 12115: 12114: 12110: 12109: 12103: 12087: 12086: 12082: 12081: 12075: 12059: 12058: 12054: 12053: 12043: 12042: 12038: 12037: 12031: 12017: 12016: 12012: 12011: 12005: 11982: 11981: 11979: 11976: 11974: 11973: 11961: 11949: 11929: 11923: 11910: 11904: 11892:(이영훈) (2019). 11890:Lee Young-hoon 11886: 11880: 11867: 11861: 11848: 11842: 11828: 11826: 11823: 11821: 11820: 11814: 11801: 11788: 11773: 11767: 11749: 11743: 11728: 11722: 11706: 11700: 11685: 11679: 11663: 11657: 11644: 11629: 11620: 11609: 11601: 11580: 11574: 11559: 11553: 11540: 11532: 11519: 11513: 11494: 11472: 11470: 11467: 11466: 11465: 11459: 11444: 11438: 11421: 11418: 11416: 11415: 11399: 11392: 11382: 11375: 11368: 11356:Kim, Han Kyo. 11354: 11347: 11339: 11325: 11323: 11322:Historiography 11320: 11318: 11317: 11311: 11294: 11280: 11263: 11257: 11236: 11223: 11208: 11202: 11185: 11179: 11166: 11160: 11145: 11125: 11110: 11104: 11091: 11085: 11072: 11066: 11051: 11045: 11032: 11026: 11013: 11007: 10992: 10979: 10964: 10957: 10944: 10929: 10908: 10893: 10877: 10862: 10855: 10849: 10836: 10830: 10815: 10809: 10794: 10788: 10773: 10764: 10757: 10748: 10742: 10725: 10719: 10701: 10699: 10696: 10694: 10691: 10688: 10687: 10673: 10662: 10635: 10624: 10591: 10581: 10551: 10540: 10534:. p. 35. 10532:Modern Library 10524:Cumings, Bruce 10515: 10489: 10483:. p. 45. 10467: 10464:on 2013-10-23. 10443: 10425: 10413: 10395: 10365: 10363:, p. 581. 10353: 10344: 10325: 10295: 10286: 10274: 10265: 10252: 10239: 10229:2012-07-10 at 10216: 10201: 10183: 10168: 10150: 10135: 10128: 10108: 10085: 10064:Jong-Wha Lee. 10056: 10049: 10029: 9987: 9968: 9938: 9919: 9902: 9890: 9878: 9866: 9825: 9813: 9801: 9782: 9780:, p. 225. 9770: 9752: 9739: 9737:, p. 244. 9727: 9715: 9703: 9691: 9679: 9667: 9643: 9629: 9609: 9596: 9582: 9562: 9550: 9538: 9524: 9505: 9498: 9477: 9465: 9446: 9426: 9407: 9387: 9357: 9339: 9327: 9315: 9299: 9287: 9275: 9263: 9244: 9224: 9212: 9200: 9180: 9163: 9137: 9121: 9102: 9082: 9063: 9043: 9029: 9009: 8979: 8950: 8920: 8890: 8878: 8866: 8854: 8836: 8824: 8810: 8790: 8776: 8756: 8740: 8724: 8722:, p. 266. 8712: 8698: 8678: 8643: 8629: 8609: 8577: 8544: 8537:나, 영남 (2017). 8529: 8514: 8496:Lee, Sang-Do. 8488: 8456: 8442: 8422: 8403: 8381: 8362: 8342: 8325: 8309: 8305:Solitary Cloud 8297: 8293:Solitary Cloud 8285: 8283:): ... 前麗舊將大祚榮 8269: 8253: 8241: 8222: 8203: 8184: 8164: 8145: 8125: 8106: 8086: 8067: 8047: 8028: 8008: 7989: 7969: 7950: 7930: 7911: 7891: 7877: 7857: 7843: 7823: 7809: 7789: 7752: 7733: 7713: 7685: 7666: 7646: 7627: 7621:. Penguin UK. 7607: 7591: 7579: 7561: 7541: 7524: 7498: 7484: 7464: 7445: 7438: 7418: 7402: 7388: 7368: 7354: 7334: 7317: 7291: 7279: 7267: 7255: 7236: 7216: 7200: 7188: 7176: 7156: 7145:Baekje history 7137: 7118: 7098: 7084: 7065: 7053: 7034: 7026:on 2009-10-29. 7009: 6990: 6971: 6952: 6938: 6918: 6904: 6884: 6870: 6850: 6838: 6824: 6804: 6791: 6775: 6763: 6747: 6735: 6719: 6700: 6680: 6666: 6646: 6630: 6618: 6604: 6584: 6568: 6552: 6538: 6518: 6504: 6484: 6470: 6450: 6431: 6415: 6399: 6387: 6357: 6343: 6323: 6309: 6289: 6275: 6255: 6241: 6221: 6207: 6187: 6166: 6147: 6128: 6108: 6089: 6069: 6055: 6035: 6019: 6012: 5989: 5973: 5955: 5940: 5922: 5899: 5892: 5872: 5865: 5845: 5833: 5815: 5803: 5791: 5783:2012-07-01 at 5767: 5755: 5737: 5725: 5706: 5696:2012-05-25 at 5691:Japanese Roots 5683: 5681:, BookRags.com 5664: 5662: 5661: 5640: 5634:. 2016-08-21. 5622: 5620:on 2016-09-19. 5597: 5594:on 2015-06-25. 5579: 5532: 5512: 5491: 5478: 5465: 5446: 5429: 5417: 5405: 5396: 5394: 5393: 5383: 5373: 5363: 5353: 5340: 5328: 5316: 5295: 5286: 5272: 5260: 5241: 5232: 5217: 5205: 5203:, p. 137. 5193: 5177: 5165: 5146: 5127: 5108: 5096: 5094:, p. 112. 5084: 5069: 5057: 5045: 5033: 5018: 5009:2012-07-01 at 4988: 4975: 4948: 4936: 4924: 4912: 4899: 4873: 4856: 4844: 4829: 4827:, 38: 803–825. 4811: 4795: 4794: 4792: 4789: 4788: 4787: 4782: 4777: 4772: 4767: 4762: 4757: 4752: 4747: 4731: 4728: 4664:LG Corporation 4636:Park Chung Hee 4614: 4611: 4584:United Nations 4553:United Kingdom 4494:Main article: 4491: 4488: 4392:Woodrow Wilson 4384:Emperor Gojong 4318:Joseon dynasty 4295:Righteous army 4257: 4254: 4203:Emperor Gojong 4178:Gwangmu Reform 4170:Main article: 4167: 4164: 4160: 4159:Modern history 4157: 4067:Ganghwa Island 3980:British Museum 3958: 3955: 3896:(later called 3864: 3861: 3835:Jinju uprising 3815:Korean Martyrs 3736:Hermit Kingdom 3730: 3727: 3703: 3702: 3585: 3582: 3554:Main article: 3551: 3550:Joseon dynasty 3548: 3445:Battle of Kuju 3441:Kang Kam-ch'an 3381:Incense Burner 3359:Main article: 3356: 3355:Goryeo dynasty 3353: 3333:Later Goguryeo 3293:Main article: 3290: 3287: 3185:in the north, 3172:Main article: 3169: 3166: 3158:King Gyeongsun 3056:Ibn Khordadbeh 3014:Silla–Tang War 3006:Main article: 3003: 3000: 2980:Main article: 2977: 2974: 2916:Main article: 2913: 2910: 2794:Main article: 2791: 2788: 2726:King Geunchogo 2672:Main article: 2669: 2666: 2471:Main article: 2468: 2465: 2460:Main article: 2457: 2454: 2403: 2400: 2290: 2287: 2283:Northern Buyeo 2232:Main article: 2229: 2226: 2206:Three Kingdoms 2162: 2159: 2129:and installed 2118: 2115: 2034:was the first 2014: 2011: 1976: 1973: 1954: 1951: 1913:Southeast Asia 1909:Southern China 1858:Korean pottery 1843: 1840: 1824:North Hamgyong 1805:British Museum 1788: 1785: 1780:Main article: 1777: 1774: 1724:United Nations 1720:Communist rule 1586:Joseon dynasty 1567:Joseon dynasty 1401: 1400: 1398: 1397: 1390: 1383: 1375: 1372: 1371: 1370: 1369: 1364: 1359: 1354: 1349: 1344: 1339: 1338: 1337: 1327: 1326: 1325: 1315: 1310: 1303: 1293: 1292: 1288: 1287: 1286: 1285: 1280: 1279: 1278: 1271: 1266: 1256: 1255: 1254: 1247: 1235: 1230: 1225: 1220: 1219: 1218: 1213: 1200: 1199: 1195: 1194: 1193: 1192: 1187: 1186: 1185: 1180: 1175: 1170: 1162: 1161: 1160: 1155: 1145: 1144: 1143: 1133: 1132: 1131: 1126: 1121: 1111: 1110: 1109: 1104: 1094: 1089: 1088: 1087: 1082: 1072: 1064: 1063: 1059: 1058: 1057: 1056: 1051: 1049:Names of Korea 1046: 1041: 1040: 1039: 1029: 1021: 1020: 1012: 1011: 1003: 1002: 994: 993: 981: 980: 978: 977: 970: 963: 955: 952: 951: 938: 937: 929: 928: 924: 923: 908: 903: 898: 897: 896: 889: 882: 870: 849: 844: 839: 827: 815: 797: 792: 790:Historiography 787: 782: 777: 772: 767: 762: 756: 755: 752: 751: 748: 747: 742: 741: 738: 731: 730: 727: 720: 719: 716: 710: 709: 706: 698: 695: 694: 691: 690: 685: 684: 681: 675: 674: 671: 663: 660: 659: 656: 655: 650: 649: 646: 640: 639: 636: 630: 629: 626: 618: 617: 614: 605: 604: 601: 593: 590: 589: 586: 585: 580: 579: 576: 568: 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13813: 13810: 13809: 13807: 13805: 13799: 13793: 13790: 13788: 13785: 13783: 13780: 13778: 13775: 13773: 13770: 13768: 13765: 13763: 13760: 13758: 13755: 13753: 13750: 13748: 13745: 13743: 13740: 13738: 13735: 13733: 13730: 13728: 13725: 13723: 13720: 13718: 13715: 13713: 13710: 13708: 13705: 13703: 13700: 13698: 13695: 13693: 13690: 13688: 13685: 13683: 13680: 13678: 13675: 13673: 13670: 13668: 13665: 13663: 13660: 13658: 13655: 13653: 13650: 13648: 13645: 13643: 13640: 13638: 13635: 13633: 13630: 13628: 13625: 13623: 13620: 13618: 13615: 13613: 13610: 13608: 13605: 13603: 13600: 13598: 13595: 13593: 13590: 13588: 13585: 13583: 13580: 13578: 13575: 13573: 13570: 13568: 13565: 13563: 13560: 13558: 13555: 13553: 13550: 13549: 13547: 13545: 13541: 13537: 13530: 13525: 13523: 13518: 13516: 13511: 13510: 13507: 13487: 13484: 13482: 13479: 13477: 13474: 13472: 13469: 13467: 13464: 13461: 13459: 13456: 13454: 13451: 13449: 13446: 13444: 13441: 13440: 13438: 13436: 13432: 13426: 13423: 13421: 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13013: 13010: 13008: 13005: 13003: 13000: 12999: 12997: 12995: 12991: 12987: 12980: 12976: 12960: 12957: 12955: 12952: 12951: 12950: 12947: 12945: 12942: 12940: 12937: 12933: 12930: 12928: 12925: 12923: 12920: 12918: 12915: 12914: 12913: 12910: 12908: 12905: 12903: 12900: 12896: 12893: 12891: 12888: 12887: 12886: 12883: 12881: 12878: 12876: 12873: 12871: 12868: 12867: 12865: 12861: 12855: 12852: 12850: 12847: 12843: 12840: 12839: 12838: 12835: 12833: 12832: 12828: 12824: 12821: 12819: 12816: 12814: 12811: 12810: 12809: 12806: 12802: 12799: 12797: 12794: 12793: 12792: 12789: 12787: 12784: 12782: 12779: 12775: 12772: 12770: 12767: 12765: 12762: 12761: 12760: 12757: 12755: 12752: 12750: 12747: 12745: 12742: 12741: 12739: 12735: 12731: 12724: 12720: 12706: 12703: 12701: 12698: 12696: 12693: 12691: 12688: 12686: 12683: 12682: 12680: 12678: 12674: 12668: 12665: 12663: 12660: 12658: 12655: 12653: 12650: 12649: 12647: 12645: 12641: 12635: 12632: 12630: 12627: 12625: 12622: 12620: 12617: 12615: 12612: 12610: 12607: 12605: 12602: 12600: 12597: 12595: 12592: 12590: 12587: 12586: 12584: 12580: 12576: 12572: 12567: 12563: 12549: 12545: 12542: 12540: 12536: 12533: 12529: 12525: 12521: 12518: 12517: 12516: 12513: 12509: 12506: 12505: 12504: 12501: 12499: 12498:Korean Empire 12496: 12494: 12491: 12489: 12486: 12482: 12478: 12474: 12471: 12470: 12469: 12466: 12462: 12458: 12455: 12454: 12453: 12450: 12446: 12442: 12438: 12434: 12431: 12430: 12429: 12426: 12422: 12418: 12414: 12410: 12406: 12403: 12402: 12401: 12398: 12394: 12390: 12386: 12382: 12381:Dangun Joseon 12379: 12378: 12377: 12374: 12373: 12371: 12367: 12361: 12358: 12356: 12353: 12351: 12348: 12347: 12345: 12341: 12337: 12333: 12328: 12324: 12318: 12315: 12313: 12310: 12309: 12306: 12297: 12292: 12290: 12285: 12283: 12278: 12277: 12274: 12267: 12263: 12260: 12257: 12254: 12251: 12248: 12245: 12242: 12240: 12237: 12234: 12231: 12229: 12226: 12225: 12211: 12204: 12199: 12192: 12186: 12177: 12168: 12167: 12162: 12156: 12152: 12151: 12145: 12144: 12140: 12139: 12134: 12128: 12124: 12123: 12117: 12116: 12112: 12111: 12106: 12100: 12096: 12095: 12089: 12088: 12084: 12083: 12078: 12072: 12068: 12067: 12061: 12060: 12056: 12055: 12052: 12048: 12045: 12044: 12040: 12039: 12034: 12028: 12024: 12019: 12018: 12014: 12013: 12008: 12002: 11998: 11997: 11991: 11990: 11987: 11983: 11970: 11966: 11962: 11958: 11954: 11950: 11946: 11942: 11938: 11937:The New Korea 11934: 11930: 11926: 11920: 11916: 11911: 11907: 11901: 11897: 11896: 11891: 11887: 11883: 11877: 11873: 11868: 11864: 11858: 11854: 11849: 11845: 11839: 11835: 11830: 11829: 11817: 11811: 11807: 11802: 11791: 11785: 11781: 11780: 11774: 11770: 11764: 11760: 11759: 11754: 11750: 11746: 11740: 11736: 11735: 11729: 11725: 11719: 11715: 11711: 11707: 11703: 11697: 11693: 11692: 11686: 11682: 11676: 11672: 11668: 11667:Schmid, Andre 11664: 11660: 11654: 11650: 11645: 11641: 11637: 11636: 11630: 11626: 11621: 11617: 11616: 11610: 11604: 11598: 11594: 11589: 11588: 11581: 11577: 11571: 11568:. Routledge. 11567: 11566: 11560: 11556: 11550: 11546: 11541: 11535: 11529: 11525: 11520: 11516: 11510: 11506: 11502: 11501: 11495: 11491: 11487: 11483: 11479: 11474: 11473: 11462: 11456: 11452: 11451: 11445: 11441: 11435: 11431: 11430: 11424: 11423: 11414: 11409: 11405: 11400: 11397: 11393: 11391: 11387: 11383: 11380: 11376: 11373: 11369: 11367: 11366:0-8248-0673-5 11363: 11359: 11355: 11352: 11351:Korea Journal 11348: 11342: 11336: 11332: 11327: 11326: 11314: 11308: 11304: 11300: 11295: 11291: 11287: 11283: 11277: 11272: 11271: 11264: 11260: 11254: 11250: 11245: 11244: 11237: 11226: 11220: 11216: 11215: 11209: 11205: 11199: 11194: 11193: 11186: 11182: 11176: 11172: 11167: 11163: 11157: 11153: 11152: 11146: 11142: 11136: 11128: 11122: 11118: 11117: 11111: 11107: 11101: 11097: 11092: 11088: 11082: 11078: 11073: 11069: 11063: 11059: 11058: 11052: 11048: 11042: 11038: 11033: 11029: 11023: 11019: 11014: 11010: 11004: 11000: 10999: 10993: 10982: 10976: 10972: 10971: 10965: 10962: 10958: 10947: 10941: 10937: 10936: 10930: 10919: 10915: 10911: 10905: 10901: 10900: 10894: 10892: 10880: 10874: 10870: 10869: 10863: 10860: 10856: 10852: 10846: 10842: 10837: 10833: 10827: 10823: 10822: 10816: 10812: 10806: 10802: 10801: 10795: 10791: 10785: 10781: 10780: 10774: 10770: 10765: 10762: 10758: 10754: 10749: 10745: 10739: 10735: 10731: 10726: 10722: 10716: 10712: 10708: 10703: 10702: 10683: 10677: 10670: 10665: 10659: 10655: 10651: 10650: 10645: 10644:Lewy, Guenter 10639: 10632: 10627: 10621: 10617: 10613: 10608: 10607: 10601: 10595: 10588: 10584: 10578: 10574: 10570: 10565: 10564: 10555: 10548: 10543: 10537: 10533: 10529: 10525: 10519: 10512: 10510: 10507: 10503: 10499: 10492: 10486: 10482: 10478: 10471: 10460: 10453: 10447: 10439: 10435: 10429: 10422: 10421:Robinson 2007 10417: 10409: 10405: 10399: 10392: 10388: 10385: 10382:, Timelines; 10381: 10377: 10374: 10369: 10362: 10357: 10348: 10341: 10337: 10334: 10329: 10315: 10314: 10309: 10302: 10300: 10290: 10283: 10278: 10269: 10262: 10256: 10249: 10243: 10236: 10232: 10231:archive.today 10228: 10225: 10220: 10213: 10208: 10206: 10197: 10193: 10187: 10179: 10172: 10166: 10162: 10154: 10146: 10139: 10131: 10125: 10121: 10120: 10112: 10104: 10100: 10096: 10089: 10078: 10074: 10073:smesindia.net 10067: 10060: 10052: 10046: 10042: 10041: 10033: 10025: 10021: 10017: 10013: 10009: 10005: 10001: 9994: 9992: 9984: 9980: 9977: 9972: 9957: 9953: 9949: 9942: 9935: 9931: 9928: 9923: 9916: 9911: 9909: 9907: 9899: 9894: 9887: 9882: 9875: 9870: 9851: 9847: 9843: 9836: 9829: 9823:, p. 43. 9822: 9817: 9811:, p. 72. 9810: 9805: 9797: 9793: 9786: 9779: 9774: 9766: 9762: 9756: 9749: 9743: 9736: 9735:Turnbull 2002 9731: 9724: 9719: 9712: 9707: 9700: 9695: 9688: 9683: 9676: 9671: 9664: 9663: 9659: 9655: 9652: 9647: 9632: 9626: 9622: 9621: 9613: 9606: 9605:Korea Journal 9600: 9585: 9579: 9575: 9574: 9566: 9559: 9554: 9547: 9542: 9527: 9521: 9517: 9516: 9509: 9501: 9495: 9491: 9490: 9481: 9474: 9469: 9453: 9449: 9443: 9439: 9438: 9430: 9414: 9410: 9404: 9400: 9399: 9391: 9376: 9375: 9370: 9364: 9362: 9355: 9351: 9346: 9344: 9336: 9331: 9324: 9319: 9312: 9308: 9303: 9296: 9291: 9284: 9279: 9272: 9267: 9251: 9247: 9241: 9237: 9236: 9228: 9221: 9216: 9209: 9204: 9198: 9194: 9189: 9187: 9185: 9177: 9166: 9160: 9156: 9151: 9150: 9141: 9134: 9130: 9125: 9109: 9105: 9099: 9095: 9094: 9086: 9070: 9066: 9060: 9056: 9055: 9047: 9032: 9026: 9022: 9021: 9013: 8997: 8993: 8989: 8983: 8967: 8963: 8960: 8954: 8938: 8934: 8930: 8924: 8908: 8904: 8900: 8894: 8887: 8882: 8875: 8870: 8863: 8858: 8852: 8848: 8840: 8833: 8828: 8813: 8807: 8803: 8802: 8794: 8779: 8773: 8769: 8768: 8760: 8753: 8749: 8744: 8737: 8733: 8728: 8721: 8716: 8701: 8695: 8691: 8682: 8666: 8662: 8661: 8660:JoongAng Ilbo 8656: 8647: 8632: 8626: 8622: 8613: 8597: 8593: 8589: 8581: 8566: 8563:(in Korean). 8562: 8561: 8556: 8548: 8540: 8533: 8525: 8518: 8503: 8499: 8492: 8477: 8474:(in Korean). 8473: 8469: 8463: 8461: 8445: 8443:9791159250248 8439: 8435: 8426: 8410: 8406: 8400: 8396: 8395: 8388: 8386: 8369: 8365: 8359: 8355: 8354: 8346: 8339: 8334: 8332: 8330: 8322: 8318: 8313: 8306: 8301: 8294: 8289: 8282: 8278: 8273: 8267:): ... 高麗舊將祚榮 8266: 8262: 8257: 8250: 8245: 8229: 8225: 8219: 8215: 8214: 8207: 8191: 8187: 8181: 8177: 8176: 8168: 8152: 8148: 8142: 8138: 8137: 8129: 8113: 8109: 8103: 8099: 8098: 8090: 8074: 8070: 8064: 8060: 8059: 8051: 8035: 8031: 8025: 8021: 8020: 8012: 7996: 7992: 7986: 7982: 7981: 7973: 7957: 7953: 7947: 7943: 7942: 7934: 7918: 7914: 7908: 7904: 7903: 7895: 7880: 7874: 7870: 7869: 7861: 7846: 7840: 7836: 7835: 7827: 7812: 7810:9788985113069 7806: 7802: 7801: 7793: 7777: 7773: 7769: 7768: 7763: 7756: 7740: 7736: 7730: 7726: 7725: 7717: 7702: 7698: 7697: 7689: 7673: 7669: 7663: 7659: 7658: 7657:Arts of Korea 7650: 7634: 7630: 7624: 7620: 7619: 7611: 7604: 7600: 7595: 7588: 7583: 7576: 7564: 7558: 7554: 7553: 7545: 7538: 7527: 7521: 7517: 7512: 7511: 7502: 7487: 7481: 7477: 7476: 7468: 7461: 7457: 7454: 7449: 7441: 7435: 7431: 7430: 7422: 7415: 7411: 7406: 7391: 7385: 7381: 7380: 7372: 7357: 7351: 7347: 7346: 7338: 7331: 7320: 7314: 7310: 7305: 7304: 7295: 7288: 7283: 7276: 7271: 7264: 7259: 7243: 7239: 7233: 7229: 7228: 7220: 7213: 7209: 7204: 7197: 7192: 7185: 7180: 7172: 7171: 7166: 7160: 7153: 7149: 7146: 7141: 7125: 7121: 7115: 7111: 7110: 7102: 7087: 7081: 7077: 7076: 7069: 7062: 7057: 7050: 7046: 7043: 7038: 7031: 7030:Mongol people 7025: 7021: 7020: 7013: 7006: 7002: 6999: 6994: 6987: 6983: 6980: 6975: 6968: 6964: 6961: 6956: 6941: 6935: 6931: 6930: 6922: 6907: 6901: 6897: 6896: 6888: 6873: 6867: 6863: 6862: 6854: 6847: 6842: 6827: 6821: 6817: 6816: 6808: 6801: 6795: 6788: 6784: 6779: 6772: 6767: 6760: 6756: 6751: 6745:, p. 49. 6744: 6739: 6732: 6728: 6723: 6707: 6703: 6697: 6693: 6692: 6684: 6669: 6663: 6659: 6658: 6650: 6643: 6639: 6634: 6627: 6622: 6607: 6601: 6597: 6596: 6588: 6581: 6577: 6572: 6565: 6561: 6556: 6541: 6535: 6531: 6530: 6522: 6507: 6501: 6497: 6496: 6488: 6473: 6467: 6463: 6462: 6454: 6447: 6443: 6438: 6436: 6428: 6424: 6419: 6412: 6408: 6403: 6396: 6391: 6375: 6371: 6367: 6361: 6346: 6340: 6336: 6335: 6327: 6312: 6306: 6302: 6301: 6293: 6278: 6272: 6268: 6267: 6259: 6252: 6248: 6244: 6238: 6234: 6233: 6225: 6210: 6204: 6201:. Routledge. 6200: 6199: 6191: 6184: 6180: 6175: 6173: 6171: 6163: 6159: 6154: 6152: 6135: 6131: 6125: 6121: 6120: 6112: 6096: 6092: 6086: 6082: 6081: 6073: 6058: 6052: 6048: 6047: 6039: 6032: 6029: 6023: 6015: 6013:0-7103-0532-X 6009: 6005: 6004: 5999: 5993: 5987: 5983: 5977: 5971: 5967: 5959: 5952: 5947: 5945: 5938: 5934: 5926: 5918: 5914: 5910: 5903: 5895: 5889: 5885: 5884: 5876: 5868: 5862: 5858: 5857: 5849: 5842: 5837: 5831: 5827: 5819: 5812: 5807: 5800: 5795: 5789: 5786: 5785:archive.today 5782: 5779: 5771: 5764: 5759: 5753: 5749: 5741: 5734: 5729: 5722: 5718: 5715: 5710: 5703: 5699: 5698:archive.today 5695: 5692: 5687: 5680: 5676: 5673: 5668: 5651: 5647: 5646: 5641: 5637: 5633: 5629: 5628: 5623: 5619: 5615: 5611: 5610: 5605: 5604: 5601: 5593: 5589: 5588:"Early Korea" 5583: 5575: 5571: 5567: 5563: 5559: 5555: 5551: 5547: 5543: 5536: 5528: 5527: 5522: 5516: 5510: 5507: 5503: 5500: 5495: 5488: 5482: 5475: 5469: 5462: 5458: 5455: 5450: 5444: 5441: 5433: 5427:, p. 14. 5426: 5421: 5415:, p. 11. 5414: 5409: 5400: 5391: 5387: 5384: 5381: 5377: 5374: 5371: 5367: 5364: 5361: 5357: 5354: 5351: 5348: 5347: 5344: 5338:, p. 10. 5337: 5332: 5325: 5320: 5313: 5312: 5307: 5306: 5299: 5290: 5282: 5276: 5269: 5264: 5257: 5253: 5250: 5245: 5236: 5229: 5224: 5222: 5214: 5209: 5202: 5197: 5190: 5186: 5181: 5174: 5169: 5162: 5158: 5155: 5150: 5142: 5138: 5131: 5123: 5119: 5112: 5105: 5100: 5093: 5088: 5081: 5076: 5074: 5064: 5062: 5054: 5049: 5042: 5037: 5030: 5025: 5023: 5016: 5012: 5011:archive.today 5008: 5005: 4997: 4995: 4993: 4985: 4984: 4978: 4976:9789810807856 4972: 4968: 4964: 4963: 4955: 4953: 4946:, p. 17. 4945: 4940: 4933: 4928: 4922:, p. 19. 4921: 4916: 4909: 4903: 4896: 4892: 4888: 4885: 4880: 4878: 4870: 4865: 4863: 4861: 4853: 4848: 4841: 4836: 4834: 4826: 4820: 4818: 4816: 4808: 4803: 4801: 4796: 4786: 4783: 4781: 4778: 4776: 4773: 4771: 4768: 4766: 4763: 4761: 4758: 4756: 4753: 4751: 4748: 4746: 4742: 4738: 4734: 4733: 4727: 4725: 4720: 4718: 4714: 4710: 4705: 4703: 4699: 4695: 4691: 4686: 4684: 4681:, the second 4680: 4675: 4673: 4669: 4665: 4661: 4657: 4653: 4649: 4645: 4641: 4637: 4632: 4630: 4624: 4620: 4610: 4608: 4604: 4600: 4596: 4591: 4589: 4585: 4581: 4577: 4576:United States 4573: 4569: 4564: 4562: 4558: 4554: 4550: 4549:38th parallel 4546: 4542: 4541:United States 4536: 4534: 4530: 4526: 4519: 4515: 4510: 4502: 4497: 4487: 4483: 4481: 4477: 4473: 4469: 4465: 4461: 4457: 4450: 4446: 4442: 4439: 4438:literacy rate 4434: 4430: 4426: 4424: 4420: 4416: 4412: 4408: 4404: 4400: 4395: 4393: 4389: 4385: 4377: 4372: 4368: 4366: 4362: 4358: 4357: 4352: 4351: 4346: 4341: 4339: 4335: 4334:communication 4331: 4325: 4323: 4319: 4315: 4311: 4310:Allied Forces 4307: 4303: 4298: 4296: 4292: 4288: 4284: 4281:In 1910, the 4276: 4272: 4267: 4263: 4253: 4251: 4247: 4244:assassinated 4243: 4239: 4235: 4231: 4225: 4223: 4219: 4215: 4210: 4208: 4204: 4200: 4199:Korean Empire 4195: 4193: 4189: 4185: 4179: 4173: 4172:Korean Empire 4163: 4156: 4154: 4149: 4147: 4146:Korean Empire 4143: 4139: 4135: 4130: 4126: 4124: 4123:Geomun Island 4120: 4115: 4113: 4109: 4105: 4101: 4096: 4094: 4090: 4086: 4081: 4079: 4075: 4070: 4068: 4064: 4058: 4056: 4052: 4047: 4043: 4042: 4041:South America 4036: 4034: 4030: 4026: 4022: 4021:again in 1636 4018: 4013: 4011: 4007: 4003: 3998: 3996: 3992: 3988: 3981: 3977: 3973: 3968: 3964: 3954: 3952: 3947: 3942: 3940: 3936: 3935: 3930: 3929: 3924: 3923: 3917: 3915: 3914: 3907: 3905: 3901: 3900: 3895: 3894: 3888: 3886: 3882: 3874: 3869: 3860: 3858: 3854: 3850: 3846: 3842: 3838: 3836: 3832: 3828: 3824: 3820: 3816: 3812: 3807: 3805: 3801: 3796: 3792: 3788: 3784: 3780: 3766: 3756: 3752: 3751:Sedo Jeongchi 3747: 3745: 3744:Japanese rule 3741: 3737: 3726: 3724: 3720: 3716: 3712: 3708: 3699: 3698: 3697: 3695: 3691: 3688: 3684: 3680: 3676: 3672: 3668: 3664: 3659: 3657: 3653: 3649: 3645: 3640: 3638: 3634: 3630: 3626: 3622: 3618: 3613: 3611: 3607: 3603: 3599: 3595: 3591: 3579: 3578: 3573: 3566: 3562: 3557: 3547: 3545: 3541: 3536: 3534: 3530: 3526: 3522: 3518: 3514: 3510: 3505: 3500: 3498: 3494: 3490: 3486: 3482: 3478: 3474: 3470: 3466: 3462: 3459:In 1231, the 3457: 3454: 3450: 3446: 3442: 3438: 3435:In 1018, the 3433: 3431: 3427: 3423: 3419: 3414: 3412: 3408: 3404: 3400: 3396: 3390: 3386: 3382: 3377: 3372: 3368: 3362: 3352: 3350: 3346: 3342: 3338: 3334: 3330: 3328: 3324: 3320: 3316: 3312: 3310: 3306: 3302: 3301:Unified Silla 3296: 3286: 3284: 3280: 3276: 3272: 3268: 3264: 3259: 3257: 3253: 3249: 3245: 3241: 3237: 3233: 3228: 3226: 3222: 3218: 3214: 3210: 3206: 3200: 3195: 3189:in the south. 3188: 3187:Unified Silla 3184: 3180: 3175: 3165: 3163: 3159: 3154: 3152: 3148: 3143: 3141: 3137: 3133: 3129: 3125: 3121: 3117: 3112: 3110: 3106: 3105:Yangtze River 3102: 3098: 3094: 3090: 3086: 3082: 3078: 3074: 3070: 3067: 3063: 3062: 3057: 3053: 3048: 3046: 3042: 3038: 3031: 3028: 3024: 3020: 3015: 3009: 3002:Unified Silla 2999: 2997: 2993: 2989: 2988:Unified Silla 2983: 2973: 2971: 2966: 2964: 2960: 2956: 2952: 2951:Geumgwan Gaya 2948: 2944: 2940: 2936: 2935:Nakdong River 2932: 2924: 2919: 2909: 2907: 2903: 2899: 2895: 2891: 2888:In 660, King 2886: 2884: 2879: 2877: 2873: 2868: 2866: 2865:Nakdong River 2862: 2858: 2853: 2851: 2850:Unified Silla 2847: 2843: 2839: 2835: 2827: 2823: 2818: 2811: 2807: 2802: 2797: 2787: 2785: 2781: 2776: 2774: 2770: 2766: 2762: 2758: 2753: 2751: 2747: 2743: 2739: 2735: 2731: 2727: 2722: 2719: 2715: 2711: 2707: 2703: 2699: 2695: 2691: 2684: 2680: 2675: 2665: 2663: 2659: 2655: 2650: 2648: 2644: 2639: 2635: 2631: 2627: 2623: 2622:Yeon Gaesomun 2618: 2616: 2612: 2608: 2603: 2601: 2597: 2593: 2590:and his son, 2589: 2584: 2582: 2577: 2573: 2569: 2565: 2560: 2558: 2554: 2549: 2547: 2543: 2539: 2535: 2528: 2524: 2520: 2516: 2511: 2504: 2503: 2498: 2493: 2485: 2480: 2474: 2463: 2453: 2451: 2447: 2443: 2439: 2435: 2431: 2427: 2421: 2417: 2413: 2409: 2399: 2397: 2393: 2389: 2385: 2381: 2377: 2375: 2371: 2367: 2363: 2359: 2357: 2353: 2349: 2345: 2341: 2336: 2334: 2331:, two of the 2330: 2326: 2322: 2319:and southern 2318: 2314: 2310: 2304: 2300: 2296: 2286: 2284: 2280: 2279:Eastern Buyeo 2276: 2272: 2268: 2264: 2260: 2253: 2248: 2240: 2235: 2225: 2223: 2219: 2215: 2211: 2207: 2203: 2199: 2195: 2191: 2187: 2182: 2180: 2176: 2172: 2168: 2155: 2151: 2146: 2142: 2140: 2136: 2132: 2128: 2124: 2114: 2112: 2108: 2104: 2099: 2097: 2093: 2089: 2084: 2082: 2078: 2077: 2071: 2069: 2065: 2064:Shang dynasty 2061: 2056: 2054: 2050: 2049: 2043: 2041: 2037: 2033: 2028: 2024: 2020: 2008: 2003: 1995: 1990: 1986: 1982: 1975:Ancient Korea 1972: 1970: 1965: 1960: 1950: 1948: 1943: 1941: 1937: 1933: 1928: 1923: 1921: 1916: 1914: 1910: 1906: 1902: 1898: 1894: 1890: 1886: 1882: 1878: 1874: 1870: 1866: 1863: 1859: 1853: 1849: 1839: 1837: 1833: 1829: 1828:South Pyongan 1825: 1821: 1817: 1813: 1806: 1802: 1798: 1793: 1783: 1773: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1759: 1756: 1752: 1748: 1744: 1740: 1735: 1733: 1729: 1725: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1697: 1693: 1692:38th Parallel 1689: 1688:United States 1685: 1684:southern area 1681: 1677: 1676:northern area 1673: 1669: 1664: 1662: 1658: 1654: 1650: 1646: 1642: 1638: 1635:and in 1910, 1634: 1630: 1629:Korean Empire 1626: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1605: 1603: 1599: 1595: 1591: 1587: 1582: 1580: 1576: 1572: 1568: 1564: 1559: 1557: 1553: 1552:Mongol Empire 1549: 1545: 1541: 1540:civil service 1537: 1533: 1529: 1525: 1521: 1517: 1513: 1508: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1494: 1490: 1486: 1482: 1478: 1473: 1471: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1455: 1454: 1449: 1445: 1441: 1440: 1434: 1432: 1428: 1424: 1420: 1416: 1412: 1408: 1396: 1391: 1389: 1384: 1382: 1377: 1376: 1374: 1373: 1368: 1365: 1363: 1360: 1358: 1355: 1353: 1350: 1348: 1345: 1343: 1340: 1335: 1334: 1332: 1328: 1323: 1322: 1320: 1316: 1314: 1311: 1309: 1308: 1304: 1301: 1297: 1296: 1295: 1294: 1290: 1289: 1284: 1281: 1277: 1276: 1272: 1270: 1267: 1265: 1262: 1261: 1260: 1257: 1253: 1252: 1248: 1246: 1245: 1241: 1240: 1239: 1236: 1234: 1231: 1229: 1226: 1224: 1221: 1217: 1214: 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period 693: 692: 682: 680: 677: 676: 672: 670: 667: 666: 658: 657: 647: 645: 644:Korean Empire 642: 641: 637: 635: 632: 631: 627: 625: 624: 620: 619: 615: 613: 611: 607: 606: 602: 600: 597: 596: 588: 587: 577: 575: 574: 570: 569: 565: 563: 562: 558: 557: 553: 551: 550: 546: 545: 541: 539: 538: 534: 533: 529: 527:(Later Silla) 526: 525:Unified Silla 523: 522: 518: 515: 512: 511: 507: 505: 502: 501: 496: 491: 490: 480: 478: 476: 472: 471: 467: 465: 464: 460: 459: 455: 453: 450: 449: 445: 442: 439: 438: 433: 428: 427: 417: 415: 414: 410: 409: 405: 403: 401: 397: 396: 392: 390: 389: 385: 384: 380: 378: 375: 374: 370: 368: 365: 364: 360: 358: 355: 354: 349: 344: 343: 336: 333: 332: 328: 325: 323: 320: 318: 315: 310: 306: 303: 299: 296: 292: 291: 290: 287: 285: 282: 277: 273: 270: 266: 265: 264: 261: 259: 256: 254: 251: 250: 246: 241: 240: 231: 229: 226: 225: 221: 219: 216: 215: 212: 210: 204: 203: 200: 198: 192: 191: 188: 186: 180: 179: 172: 170: 167: 166: 158: 157: 148: 146: 145: 140: 139: 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Penguin. 7724:After Pusan 7210:, pp. 7196:Nelson 1993 7165:"Silla(新羅)" 7130:21 November 7091:21 November 7063:2009-10-31. 6442:Walker 2012 6423:Walker 2012 6409:, pp. 6160:, pp. 6158:Walker 2012 5963:(in Korean) 5930:(in Korean) 5823:(in Korean) 5775:(in Korean) 5745:(in Korean) 5437:(in Korean) 5366:Schmid 2013 5336:Connor 2002 5308:(1287) and 5305:Jewang Ungi 5228:Nelson 1993 5001:(in Korean) 4895:Radiocarbon 4871:, p. 9 4869:Connor 2002 4854:, p. 9 4809:, p. 2 4717:Kim Jong Un 4713:Kim Jong Il 4709:Kim Il Sung 4702:Korean Wave 4607:Vietnam War 4275:Sup'ung Dam 4112:Yuan Shikai 4100:Gapsin Coup 4006:turtle ship 3767:: 3757:: 3740:imperialism 3683:turtle ship 3679:Lee Sun-sin 3567:'s portrait 3531:created by 3481:Kublai Khan 3447:to end the 3275:Jewang ungi 3271:Samguk Sagi 3132:Kim Gyo-gak 3079:Temple and 3071:Temple and 2896:, aided by 2894:Kim Yu-shin 2734:Chungcheong 2714:Chungcheong 2615:Sui dynasty 2317:North Korea 2141:in 313 AD. 2123:Han dynasty 2107:Han dynasty 2068:Gija Joseon 2048:Samguk Yusa 2023:Gija Joseon 1947:jar burials 1927:paddy-field 1873:Jeju Island 1836:Chungcheong 1820:Paleolithic 1787:Paleolithic 1770:foreign aid 1751:North Korea 1743:liberalized 1741:eventually 1739:South Korea 1708:Kim Il Sung 1571:coup d'état 1466:Han dynasty 1439:Samguk Yusa 1431:Paleolithic 1409:era on the 1336:South Korea 1324:North Korea 1283:Video games 1168:Traditional 851:Politics ( 823:Family tree 62:History of 13782:Uzbekistan 13757:Tajikistan 13672:Kyrgyzstan 13652:Kazakhstan 13572:Bangladesh 13562:Azerbaijan 13337:Korean art 13106:(currency) 13045:Jangmadang 13030:(currency) 12528:Korean War 12369:Chronology 12049:, p. 11945:B00085A9QC 11795:4 November 11410:: 127–144. 10884:20 October 10614:. p. 10571:. p. 10319:2008-06-06 10043:. Avalon. 9962:2007-06-08 9380:4 December 9369:"알고 싶은 한글" 9352:, p. 9195:, p. 9131:, p. 8783:20 October 8750:, p. 8734:, p. 8705:27 October 8587:일리천(一利川)전투 8507:8 February 8265:Silla gogi 7601:, p. 7412:, p. 6785:, p. 6757:, p. 6729:, p. 6640:, p. 6611:4 November 6578:, p. 6562:, p. 6545:8 November 6511:8 November 6477:8 November 6444:, p. 6425:, p. 6181:, p. 6140:10 October 5656:2017-04-14 5632:Segye Ilbo 5552:(2): 284. 5388:, p. 5378:, p. 5368:, p. 5358:, p. 5356:Stark 2008 5324:Hwang 2010 5201:Stark 2005 5187:, (2002), 5041:Pratt 2007 4893:, (2010), 4791:References 4595:Korean War 4518:Korean War 4464:Dongnipgun 4338:Korean War 4119:Royal Navy 4087:incident. 4085:USS Pueblo 4033:Ming China 4002:Yi Sun-sin 3723:Kyujanggak 3577:Donggwoldo 3565:King Taejo 3517:Ch'oe Yŏng 3365:See also: 3081:Bunhwangsa 3012:See also: 2826:Bunhwangsa 2548:'s reign. 2542:King Taejo 2477:See also: 2303:Eastern Ye 2017:See also: 1953:Bronze Age 1940:Igeum-dong 1932:Songguk-ri 1862:Mesolithic 1776:Prehistory 1766:Kim family 1712:Korean War 1623:, and the 1598:Yi Sun-sin 1423:Bronze Age 1153:Television 1114:Literature 847:Newspapers 122:Bronze Age 13868:Hong Kong 13822:Palestine 13747:Sri Lanka 13742:Singapore 13622:Indonesia 13215:Koreatown 12818:Politburo 12266:John Ross 11290:644646716 11135:cite book 10918:890146633 10732:. 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Seoul: 10612:Routledge 10016:0003-049X 9798:(8): 1–6. 9778:Seth 2010 9636:21 August 9589:21 August 9419:8 October 9036:19 August 9002:19 August 8972:19 August 8943:19 August 8913:19 August 7767:Korea.net 7599:Seth 2006 6576:Nahm 2005 6380:7 October 5919:: Fig. C. 5566:0030-851X 5350:Seth 2010 5302:See also 5092:Seth 2011 4944:Seth 2010 4458:left the 4350:baekjeong 4330:transport 4248:, former 4194:in 1882. 4121:occupied 4108:Queen Min 4078:fireships 3991:Imjin War 3819:Choe Je-u 3681:with the 3319:Kyŏn Hwŏn 3236:King Seon 3097:Jang Bogo 3093:East Asia 3089:Phoenicia 3073:Seokguram 2996:Manchuria 2780:Geunchogo 2757:Phoenicia 2706:Han River 2617:'s fall. 2523:Samarkand 2519:Varkhuman 2340:Dongbuyeo 2321:Manchuria 2208:refer to 2161:Jin State 2125:defeated 2081:Pyongyang 1936:Daepyeong 1897:Manchuria 1881:Amsa-dong 1842:Neolithic 1803:, now in 1797:Amsa-dong 1760:, with a 1458:Jin state 1448:Manchuria 1419:Neolithic 1415:Manchuria 1307:Mugunghwa 1269:Taekwondo 1223:Mythology 835:Era 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