Koreans in China - Knowledge

929:. Korean emigrants used to be considered as independent activists in China, but now they were generally considered as the vanguard of Japanese invasion. Relationship between local Chinese and Korean emigrants became tense. After the Chinese government signed the treaty with the Japanese government on 11 June 1925 to assist the Japanese get rid of Korean independent activists in Northeast China, the Fengtian clique began to use this treaty to expel and persecute Korean emigrants and began to take back the farm lands cultivated by non-naturalized Korean emigrants or put on more restrictions. Naturalized Korean emigrants, however, continue to have the rights to own farm lands. 1799: 2662:

students and professionals, 1.7 million people of Chaoxianzu (Korean ethnicity who has Chinese nationality), those of Korean descent who have naturalized as Chinese citizens along with their family and relatives, but are categorized as Han Chinese or other ethnicities within China's ethnic classification system). Among them, the population of Chaoxianzu and Korean Chinese with Chinese (PRC) citizenship (including 1.7 million people of Korean ethnicity) is 1,893,763 people (October 2023). Considering those individuals of Korean ethnicity who have already acquired South Korean citizenship, the figure of 2 million seems unlikely.

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the western fringes. This is a historical fact of considerable significance but one which has received virtually no attention in the standard historical compilations of that period or in the modern books based on these sources. . . . While there were limits to the influence of the Koreans along the eastern coast of China, there can be no doubt of their dominance over the waters off these shores. . . . The days of Korean maritime dominance in the Far East actually were numbered, but in Ennin's time, the men of Silla were still the masters of the seas in their part of the world.

1589: 6623: 6618: 6373: 1299:, "vents took a horrific turn in the frontier town of Yanbian, where freight trains trundled from China into the DPRK, draped with the corpses of Koreans killed in the pitched battles of the Cultural Revolution, and daubed with threatening graffiti: 'This will be your fate also, you tiny revisionists!'" After the Cultural Revolution ended, things gradually restored to normal. 457:. These Koreans imported exotic products that were already foreign to China into Korea (Silla). Like other foreigners involved in trade, Koreans were placed in designated quarters in those cities such as Dengzhou, Yangzhou and Lianshui in Huai'an (Chuzhou) with special interpreters and managers for foreigners but Korean traders mostly avoided southern China. 1118:. The Kuomintang initially implemented similar policies towards both Korean and Japanese people, impounding or confiscating Korean properties and repatriating Korean emigrants. Since Korean farmers played important roles in rice production in Northeast China, the Kuomintang revoked this hostile policy towards Koreans in China after the intervention of 1307:. These regulations stipulated that the Chairman of the Standing Committee of the Prefectural People's Congress should be a Korean, and that Koreans may occupy more than half the posts within the Prefectural People's Government as vice mayors, the chief secretary, directors of bureaus, and so on. Other regulations require the use of both 1154:, cooperation between the communists and Koreans in China strengthened and the social status of Koreans among the communists rose to new heights. the Chinese Communists let the Koreans choose whether to voluntarily become Chinese citizens and left them ample time and options to choose. In March 1946, Northeast China started the 3126:

From what Ennin tells us, it seems that commerce between East China, Korea and Japan was, for the most part, in the hands of men from Silla. Here in the relatively dangerous waters on the eastern fringes of the world, they performed the same functions as did the traders of the placid Mediterranean on

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Bilingual School. Because many Korean students are not studying in Korean-medium schools, the Korean Chamber of Commerce and Industry operates a Korean Saturday School; it had about 600 students in 2007. The chamber uses rented space in the OCT Primary School as the Korean weekend school's classroom.

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Under these circumstances, Korean emigrants in Northeast China began to have the consensus of becoming naturalized and actively seeking local autonomy. Many anti-Japanese Korean organizations took measures to protect Korean emigrants and negotiated local Chinese governments into making concessions or

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soldiers and Japanese police near the west gate of the Japanese consulate. Bullets were fired towards the demonstrators. 19 people were killed, 48 injured and 94 arrested. From 13 March to 1 May, a total of 73 anti-Japanese Korean rallies broke out in 15 counties in Northeast China. The total number

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to protest against the Japanese and demonstrate supports for the 1 March Movement. This is the first massive grassroot anti-Japanese demonstration in Yanbian. A declaration of independence drafted by Yanbian Koreans was read out at the rally. The crowd then marched towards the Japanese consulate in

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As of 2007 there were some Korean children enrolled in schools for Chinese locals. As of 2014 spaces for foreign students in Shenzhen public schools were limited, so some Korean residents are forced to put their children in private schools. In addition, in 2007, there were about 900 Korean children

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Typically, they come to China as employees of South Korean corporations on short-term international assignments or as employers of South Korean businesses operating in China handling Chinese workers; when their assignments are completed, many prefer to stay on in China, using the contacts they have

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On 24 April 1985, the eighth session of the People's Congress of Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture passed the "Autonomy Regulations of Korean Autonomous Prefecture", which was later approved by the sixth session of Jilin Province People's Congress as law. The Yanbian Autonomy Regulations consist

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According to reports from the majority of Chinese and South Korean media, the total population of the Korean ethnic group is 1.7 million. However, the South Korean government (2023) believes that the total population of Koreans in China is 2,109,727 people (including South Korean nationals who are

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submitted a paddy field farming specifications document of a Korean immigrant farmer to the central Agriculture and Business Administration. After receiving the administration's approval, Jinlin Province started to promote rice production. Han Chinese farmer began to hire Korean emigrants to learn

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The number of South Koreans in China was estimated to be 300,000 to 400,000 as of 2006; at the 2006 rate of growth, their population had been expected to reach one million by 2008. By 2007, the South Korean Embassy in Beijing stated their population had reached 700,000. However, due to the global

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was promoting land developments in Northeast China. This offered a favorable condition for the Japanese population migration policy. After the Chinese government issued the national wild land development decree on 3 March 1914, the water bureau of Mukden Province began to hire Korean emigrants to

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was officially designated as a Korean Autonomous Region and Zhu Dehai was appointed as the first Chairman. On 20 July 1954, the first session of People's Congress was held in Yanbian. In April 1955, "Yanbian Korean Autonomous Region" was renamed as "Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture" per the

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began in 1877. The growth of paddy fields brings the further development of irrigation projects in Northeast China by Korean farmers, who built numerous watering canals to irrigate paddy fields. In June 1906, 14 Korean farmers built the earliest irrigation system in Yanbian. The total length of

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areas, with a total population of more than 37,000. In 1881, the Qing government established a special bureau to recruit farmers to cultivate the land and allocated the 700 by 45-square-kilometer area north of the Tumen River as the special farming areas for Korean farmers. The Qing government

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in Northeast China maintained a complicated relationship with the Japanese. They sometimes cooperated with the Japanese and sometimes were at odds with them. To fight for the control of Korean emigrants, the Fengtian clique attempted to persuade or force Korean emigrants to become naturalized

389: Joseon ethnicity) is often used to refer to Koreans in China who have Chinese nationality. This terminology parallels "Chaoxianzu," which is predominantly utilized in mainland China and stands as the official designation for this ethnic minority, as stipulated by the Chinese government. 710:

area in 1875 and 1881 respectively. During the years between 1860 and 1870, several unprecedented natural disasters struck the northern part of the Korean Peninsula. Meanwhile, peasant revolts in the south spread to the north. Large numbers of Korean refugees moved to the north banks of the

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and feudal warlords in China, and a reliable source of support in the fight against the Imperial Japanese and feudal warlords. In July 1928, the Chinese Communist Party officially included Koreans in China as one of the ethnic minorities of China on its 6th National Conference. After the

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Events took a horrific turn in the frontier town of Yanbian, where freight trains trundled from China into the DPRK, draped with the corpses of Koreans killed in the pitched battles of the Cultural Revolution, and daubed with threatening graffiti: 'This will be your fate also, you tiny

1098:. Among the 11 army divisions of the Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army, Koreans accounted for half of the total number in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 7th army division. During the 14 years of fight against the Japanese, Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army killed 183,700 Japanese soldiers. 736:, and pay taxes to the Qing government. However, most of the Korean emigrants considered that official dress codes were a discriminatory policy of assimilation. By 1910, the number of Korean migrants in China reached about 260,000, with around 100,000 of them living in the current-day 1357:

Koreans in China have a tradition of education. The education level of Koreans in China is above China's national average and one of the highest among ethnic groups in China. The Chinese government is also very supportive in preserving their language and culture. Korean schools from

944:. Many Korean independent organizations seized this good opportunity to encourage Korean emigrants in Northeast China to apply for Chinese citizenship. On 10 September 1928, Korean emigrants in Northeast China established the Korean autonomy organization "Korean Fellow Association" ( 1863:

In 2007 about 500 South Korean companies in Shenzhen were involved in China-South Korean trade, and there were an additional 500 South Korean companies doing business in Shenzhen. In 2007 Kang stated that most of the Koreans in Shenzhen had lived there for five years or longer.

1857:, and Donghai Garden housing estate had other significant concentrations. Donghai Garden began attracting Koreans due to its transportation links and because, around 1998, it was the sole residential building classified as 3-A. As of 2014 Donghai had about 200 Korean families. 921:) in Oct. 1920. As the Japanese often used the excuse of protecting Korean emigrants to enlarge their sphere of influence in Northeast China, the views of Chinese government and people towards Korean emigrants changed after the mid of 1920, especially after the exposure of 849:

and other regions of China to escape Japanese rule. Many Korean independence movement activists and organizations established bases or military training schools in Northeast China and move Korean people there in an organized way. In 1919, after the Japanese crackdown on

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North Koreans seen as politically reliable by their government can acquire passports and visas for travelling to China. As of 2011, there are an estimated 4,000 to 5,000 North Koreans residing as legal resident aliens in China. An increasing number are applying for

890:. Since Korean farmers had succeeded in growing rice in Northeast China in large scale and the price of rice in Japan kept climbing every year, the Japanese started to increase their paddy fields in Northeast China each year and hire Korean emigrants to grow rice. 686:

rulers were also forced by the Qing government to implement harsh penalties to prevent Koreans from entering the sealed areas. As a result, the areas became deserted with no human settlements. But there were still Koreans living nearby who took the risk to collect

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instead carried out policies to encourage Korean emigrants to become naturalized. To prevent the Japanese from using Korean emigrants as a tool of infiltration into Northeast China, the Chinese government also tried to put Korean immigrants' schools into its own

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Between 1921 and 1928, the total areas of paddy fields in Northeast China increased from 48,000 hectare to 125,000 hectares, more than 80% of these rice fields was developed or cultivated by Korean farmers. In 1933, Korean farmers succeeded in growing rice in

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etc. In addition, the Shenzhen Korean Chamber of Commerce and Industry organizes a Korean Saturday school because many Korean students are not studying in Korean-medium schools; the school had about 600 students in 2007. The chamber uses rented space in the

591:) to settle the increasing Korean population. Between the mid-15th century and the early 16th century, the Liaodong Peninsula experienced a peaceful and prosperous era. Favorable policies were carried out towards ethnic minorities in areas like Dongningwei ( 2648: 1303:

of 7 chapters and 75 clauses. It stipulated political, economic, cultural, educational, and social rights of and policies for Korean and other ethnic people in Yanbian Autonomous Prefecture in the form of law. It is the first autonomy regulations in

630:), military clashes between Jurchens and Koreans increased. During the two Jurchen invasions of the Korean Peninsula, they plundered large numbers of Korean people. Most of these Koreans captured by Jurchens were drafted as soldiers into the 1679:

reported that Beijing and Pyongyang had signed an agreement to grant as many as 40,000 industrial trainee visas to North Koreans to permit them to work in China per year; the first batch of workers arrived earlier in the year in the city of

3140: 3865: 1158:, allocating the land formerly occupied by the Japanese or rich Chinese and rich Koreans. Korean farmers in China received farmland just as other Chinese farmers did. From October 1947, the land reform was expanded to nationwide. 732:

strengthened the management of Korean emigrants during the start of the 20th century. Korean emigrants were able to obtain land ownership if they were willing to adopt the dress codes required by the Manchu government, such as the

3650:, the term used in South Korea.... he ethnic Koreans publicly praised North Korean leader Kim Il Sung as a great patriot and independence fighter, albeit not with the degree of veneration the North Koreans themselves gave him. 911:, increasing investments on Korean schools annually to sever the Japanese influence on Korean emigrants. In 1921, Jinlin province quadrupled its annual investments on local Korean schools to repair the damages during the 1221:(CPPCC) as one of the 10 ethnic minorities, participated in the establishment of CPPCC as a representative of Koreans in China. He also attended the grand ceremony for the founding of the People's Republic of China. 1053:" a few months later in Yanbian. The Japanese army killed 15,000 Koreans and destroyed more than 3,500 houses, 95 schools, 19 churches and nearly 25,000 kg grains. Between 21 and 26 October 1920, the combined 873:. Since there were no large enough urban industry to absorb these redundant rural population, the Japanese started to migrate these Korean farmers to Northeast China. At the same time, the newly established 958:

on various issues about Korean emigrants' naturalization and autonomy. These negotiations helped to facilitate the naturalization process for Korean emigrants, but failed in establishing Korean autonomy.

3937:"教育部财政部国家发展改革委关于公布世界一流大学和一流学科建设高校及建设学科名单的通知 (Notice from the Ministry of Education and other national governmental departments announcing the list of double first class universities and disciplines)" 536:, and was offered an administrator position to take charge of Korean population there. In the next years, another ten thousand Goryeo households were brought under his administration. In 1266, Wang Jun ( 290:

In South Korea, the terminology describing this demographic has evolved in recent years to adopt a more inclusive tone. Government regulations from 2004 prescribe the use of the terms "jaeoe dongpo" (

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South Koreans began going to the Shenzhen area during the 1980s as part of the reform and opening up era, and this increased when South Korea established formal diplomatic relations with the PRC.

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and ceded more than 1 million square kilometers to the Russians. Pressed by the situation, the Qing government lifted the ban on Northeast China in 1860 and lifted the ban on the Yalu River and

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article initially stated the proportion as 20% (roughly 140,000 people). Between 2008 and 2009, South Korean government figures show that the number of Koreans in China dropped by 433,000. The

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teaching English and Chinese, is another pull factor for temporary South Korean migration to Mainland China but usually after this period, those that have moved have mostly gone back to Korea.

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The majority of ethnic Koreans in China, like the demographics of China overall, have no formal affiliations with a religion. Major religions among ethnic Koreans in China include Buddhism and

1440: 508:, Koreans were included along with Northern Chinese, Khitans and Jurchens in the third class, as "Han people". Korean settlements in the Yuan Dynasty were mostly war-related. In 1233, former 1787: 1481: 655: 3878: 1429: 1322:

as a "Model Autonomous Prefecture". Yanbian was the first autonomous prefecture in China to receive this title and it had continuously received this title five times. According to a 2012

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in response to the Chinese Communist Party's call. These bilingual soldiers provided valuable communications help to other Chinese soldiers with locals in Korea in addition to manpower.

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for better economic and financial opportunities have contributed to a decrease in their numbers in China. Conversely, it is estimated that 42% (Approximately 708,000) of this

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in Korean pronunciation) was politically and culturally close to North Korea, and had little contact with—indeed, was officially quite hostile toward—South Korea. The term

3542: 4629: 3816: 238:. According to the South Korean government, the combined population of Koreans with Chinese nationality, South Korean, North Korean in China is 2,109,727 in 2023. 3004: 1315:

while performing governmental duties, with Korean being the principal language used, along with encouraging the use of Korean in local primary and middle school.

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districts having significant numbers. That year the chairperson of the Korean Chamber of Commerce and Industry, Kang Hee-bang, stated that about 10,000 lived in

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made to start their own consulting businesses or import/export firms. Other South Koreans moved to China on their own after becoming unemployed during the

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During the second half of the nineteenth century, Northeast China increasingly became depopulated after 200 years of Manchus' closure to the region. The

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had been very friendly towards Koreans in China. Koreans had a long history of friendship with the Chinese communists. Koreans participated in both the

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solved the problem of how to grow rice in regions with short frost-free period. Rice farming thereafter quickly expanded to the further north region of

2345: 1319: 1265: 658:, these 2,000 ethnic Koreans were restored their Korean ethnicity per their requests in accordance to the then newly issued Chinese government policy. 7650: 6819: 1608:

and settle down in China, blending into the community; however, they are still subject to deportation if discovered by the authorities. Although the

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as a conservation area of their ancestors' birthplace, and prohibited Koreans and people of other non-Manchu ethnicities from entering the area. The

493: 7655: 5104: 1456: 405:, population migration of some kind has often occurred throughout history. However, most early ethnic Koreans in China had been assimilated by the 1524:

and television broadcasts, as well as a local law mandating all street signs be written in Korean and Chinese. Most ethnic Koreans in China speak

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Ethnic languages were repudiated as one of the "four olds" and large numbers of books and documents pertaining to ethnic languages were burned.

2394: 2133: 1081: 7718: 4464: 1145:. The Chinese Communist Party considered Koreans in China as the same class of people in China who were oppressed and exploited by both the 988:, there were more than 2.16 million Korean emigrants living in Northeast China. Among them, about 700,000 returned to Korea after the end of 4357: 4135: 7898: 2461: 2222: 2163: 634:

or sold to rich Jurchens as farm laborers or servants. Most of the captured Koreans in the early Qing dynasty were forcefully converted to

4973: 2594:" after capture by Jurchens in the early Qing Dynasty during war, and then followed the Manchus to move to Beijing. They were banished to 833:. In 1934, Korean population accounted for only 3.3% of Northeast China's total population, but produced 90.1% of the rice outputs there. 609:

grew stronger and stronger, Koreans began to move out of Dongningwei. By 1537, the Korean population in Dongningwei had decreased by 60%.

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in non-Chinese K-12 institutions; the latter included 400 of them at private international schools in Shekou, 300 in private schools in

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After the 1992 normalization of diplomatic relations between the PRC and South Korea, many citizens of South Korea started to settle in

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and even took measures to persuade Korean farmers to stay in China to prevent possible declines in rice production in Northeast China.

4537: 4262: 993: 3959: 691:, hunt animals, or cultivate agricultural products in the prohibited area. In 1740, the Qing government extended the ban to the whole 7947: 6576: 2050: 1909: 362: Koreans in China) is considered the most appropriate descriptor for Koreans in China without taking nationality into account. 7921: 7505: 4443: 3899: 3793: 2336: 1497: 4508: 2500: 2213: 1663: 1410: 4639: 4023: 1688:. There have been reportedly 130 North Korean state-run restaurants in 12 countries, with most in China. Two have been found in 7733: 7670: 2233: 1765: 1425: 1402: 756:

during the modern era was related to rice cultivation by Korean emigrants. Korean emigrants attempted to cultivate rice in the

4565: 4509:"到了中国就不想回国在华韩国人激增 (After arriving in China, they don't want to go home; number of South Koreans in China increasing sharply)" 902:. In September 1930, realizing that Korean emigrants had little trust in Chinese governments, the Chairman of Jinlin Province 6680: 4390: 4209: 3746: 3712: 3570: 3474: 3420: 3293: 3030: 2958: 2295: 2264: 2209: 1567: 898:

citizens of China. But most Korean emigrants considered such policies as Chinese authority's attempt to assimilate them into

417:. Thus, the overwhelming majority of today's ethnic Korean population in China are descendants of Korean arrivals since late 1658:, which North Korean authorities have recently become more reluctant to issue. Major North Korean universities, such as the 7952: 6528: 5097: 4845: 4066: 2515: 1685: 1520:

The Korean language has been promoted in Yanbian partly by the government through a large network of schools, local Korean

1256: 773: 737: 211: 1768:; they used funds they had saved up for retirement to open small restaurants or shops. The low cost of living compared to 7400: 6232: 4271: 3788: 3505: 1624:, although two academics have argued that many cases are more voluntary than forced. Most of the refugees originate from 1095: 7695: 4864: 3808: 1244:

also organized the "Yanji Jet" donation campaign. Donations from Koreans in Yanbian reached the equivalent value of 6.5

7962: 7834: 6849: 6268: 4605: 4151:""I am well-cooked food": survival strategies of North Korean female border-crossers and possibilities for empowerment" 3662:

Qingxia, Dai; Yan, Dong (March 2001). "The Historical Evolution of Bilingual Education for China's Ethnic Minorities".

3245: 3218: 1395: 1190: 4896: 2470:), head representative of the North Korean government-run company, Taep'oong International Investment Group of Korea ( 1642:

paper, many North Korean refugees met locals who gave aid to them and did not judge them for their communist origins.

854:, Korean migration to China reached a peak. In 1920, the total number of Koreans in Northeast China exceeded 457,400. 7942: 7713: 7605: 4962: 4744: 3923: 3184: 3150: 3112: 3075: 2587: 2510: 1419: 784:

issued a decree aimed to encourage land development in Northeastern China. In the same year, the water bureau of the

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economic downturn in 2008 and the depreciation of the Korean won, large numbers of those returned to South Korea. A

7911: 7771: 7580: 7430: 7405: 6514: 6242: 4761:"Heroes Brought Buddhism to the East of the Sea: A Fully Annotated Translation of the Preface of Haedong Kosng Chn" 2066:; 960–962), Korean Buddhist monk who arrived in China, who wrote the Tiantai Sijiaoyi (天台四教儀) which became a basic 1287:

were also prosecuted. The number of Yanbian University's faculty and staff decreased to 23.7% of that in 1966. The

887: 789: 765: 757: 2602:'s rule and then exiled. Their descendants later moved to their current location. The ancestors of the Koreans in 7791: 7157: 7132: 5090: 874: 781: 702:

meanwhile seized the opportunity to encroach on this region. In 1860, the Qing government was forced to sign the

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or other ethnicities and lost their ethnic identities. But about 2000 descendants from these captured Koreans in

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North Korean defectors often pass through China. Some of them settle there while others continue to South Korea.

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has been more prolific in exporting its entertainment culture, more Korean Chinese broadcasters have been using

1209:. The total population of Koreans in China was 1.1 million, 47.6% of them living in Yanbian. In September 1949, 7844: 7781: 7756: 7642: 7395: 6333: 5113: 2615: 2332: 2190: 2128: 1655: 1151: 1085: 1062: 967: 647: 467: 4664: 4661:"Major Figures on Residents from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan and Foreigners Covered by 2010 Population Census" 7967: 7829: 7766: 7613: 7545: 7520: 7417: 7181: 7022: 6992: 6569: 6261: 4734: 4590: 4332: 1632:

states that 86% of refugees seek passage to South Korea rather than remain in China, but this is disputed by

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alleged between 30,000 and 50,000 refugees, of which 75 percent are women. A large number of them experience

145: 133: 2760: 1094:) in Northeast China. Most of its members were ethnic Koreans in China. Li later became a Key member of The 764:

region was successful in 1861. In 1875, Korean farmers also succeeded in cultivating rice in the wetland of

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rivers during those turbulent times. In 1879, there were 8722 Korean households living in 28 villages in

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BORDERS OF BELONGING: NATIONALISM, NORTH KOREAN DEFECTORS, AND THE SPIRITUAL PROJECT FOR A UNIFIED KOREA

2867: 7916: 7906: 7814: 7809: 7150: 7007: 6834: 1838: 1621: 1600:, estimated in the tens of thousands. Some North Korean refugees who are unable to obtain transport to 1229: 546:

as a hostage. There were 2,000 Goryeo households accompanying him and settling down in the current-day

207: 4785: 4686: 1798: 7685: 7570: 7460: 6915: 3842: 3022: 862: 621: 533: 4935: 3452: 1728:. The South Korean government officially recognizes seven Korean international schools in China (in 1532:

as their mother tongue. Many Chinese of Korean descent have ancestral roots and family ties in the

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Seol, Dong-Hoon; Skrentny, John D. (2009), "Ethnic return migration and hierarchical nationhood",

3398: 2715:"China's ethnic minority and neoliberal developmental citizenship: Yanbian Koreans in perspective" 984:) and began to migrate Korean farmers to Northeast China in a planned systemic way. In 1945, when 7623: 6969: 6606: 6303: 6070: 5425: 4365: 4125: 2495: 1625: 1473: 1126: 1077: 250: 7510: 4705: 3067: 1349: 453:

and commercial towns on the Grand canal between the borders of Henan and Shandong and the lower

7882: 7776: 7628: 7525: 7470: 7116: 7111: 6058: 5786: 5496: 5204: 5134: 4979: 4542:, South Korea: National Institute for International Education Development, 2006, archived from 2505: 2455: 1659: 1579: 1477: 1406: 1054: 1042: 992:. In 1947, the number of Korean emigrants decreased to 1.4 million, most of them living in the 955: 6601: 4039:"(Olympics) S. Koreans up in arms over depiction of hanbok as Chinese during opening ceremony" 3913: 3283: 3208: 7723: 7585: 7530: 7275: 7052: 7047: 6545: 6494: 6400: 6393: 5798: 5175: 5010: 3235: 2591: 1846: 1597: 1583: 1493: 497: 430: 4543: 2257:

musician, composer, trumpet player and guitarist; also known as "The Father of Chinese Rock"

7819: 7705: 7675: 7638: 7555: 6974: 6899: 6839: 6814: 6761: 6728: 6698: 6655: 6504: 6424: 6413: 6284: 6237: 6212: 5510: 4638:] (in Korean), South Korea: Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 2009, archived from 4199: 3971: 3621: 2530: 2005: 1819: 1773: 1757: 1383: 1066: 703: 76: 8: 7465: 6882: 6844: 6824: 6778: 6766: 6713: 6357: 6179: 3781:"The Legislation in Autonomous Areas of China: Progress, Limitations and Recommendations" 3762: 2432: 2309: 1854: 1609: 1276: 941: 926: 830: 241:

The total population of ethnic Korean Chinese is 1,702,479 according to the 2021 Chinese

4242:"[Interview] Shattering the myth that all N. Koreans want to defect to S. Korea" 4110:] (in Korean). Seoul: Database Center for North Korean Human Rights. pp. 20–27. 3895: 1537: 1401:

There are also many South Korean international day schools in Mainland China, including

1169:, more than 100,000 joined local military forces and hundreds of thousands participated 7824: 7618: 7550: 7515: 7480: 7042: 7002: 6957: 6856: 6756: 6437: 6432: 6408: 6308: 6298: 6108: 6078: 5994: 5572: 5504: 5045: 4516: 4286: 4180: 4043: 3993: 3060: 2742: 2520: 2227: 2168: 2137: 1375: 1284: 1280: 1178: 1170: 1142: 1134: 1009: 985: 908: 851: 450: 72: 7680: 7475: 7257: 7012: 6997: 6788: 6723: 6703: 6660: 6593: 6476: 6457: 6323: 6318: 6140: 6101: 6083: 5296: 5143: 5049: 4958: 4740: 4584: 4469: 4223: 4215: 4205: 4184: 4172: 4067:"The South Korean Citizenship of North Korean Escapees in Law and Practice (page 18)" 4015: 3919: 3742: 3708: 3679: 3566: 3470: 3416: 3289: 3241: 3214: 3180: 3146: 3108: 3071: 3026: 2954: 2854: 2746: 2734: 2268: 2145: 2081: 1978: 1675: 1667: 1525: 1186: 1174: 1146: 1130: 938:

replaced the Beiyang government flag in Northeast China with Republic of China's flag

785: 769: 733: 606: 246: 156:. For this reason, ethnic Koreans with Chinese nationality or citizenship are termed 93: 3176:

A Concise History of Korea: From the Neolithic Period Through the Nineteenth Century

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reported 120,750 South Koreans in Mainland China, the largest single foreign group.

1295:, texts in Korean were burned, and bilingual education was suppressed. According to 274:

Koreans in China are the second largest ethnic Korean population living outside the

7864: 7761: 7665: 7660: 7565: 7495: 7341: 7331: 7314: 7309: 7017: 6964: 6889: 6877: 6773: 6708: 6665: 6638: 6418: 6352: 6313: 6135: 6088: 6005: 5916: 5683: 5673: 5617: 5606: 5279: 5255: 5163: 5037: 4164: 3866:"Makings of a Modern 'Model Minority': Ethnic Koreans in Northeast China (page 20)" 3671: 2881: 2726: 2421: 2154: 2067: 2044: 2040: 1903: 1588: 1363: 1312: 1304: 1240:

are two of the most notable Korean figures who participated in the war. Koreans in

1182: 1107: 728: 279: 2810: 2730: 2341: 1837:

As of 2007 there were about 20,000 people of Korean origins in Shenzhen, with the

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In public appearances, ethnic Koreans in China are represented by the wearing of

1529: 1496:(OCT) Primary School as the Korean weekend school's classroom. There is also the 1367: 1308: 1288: 1269: 1241: 1115: 1073:. Local Korean residents provided vital supports for the Korean Liberation Army. 1046: 1030: 1017: 963: 922: 894: 846: 753: 692: 671: 602: 529: 501: 462: 366: 339: 315: 291: 169: 89: 7858: 2714: 513: 7875: 7595: 7500: 7370: 7216: 7204: 6442: 6217: 6200: 6026: 5971: 5830: 5825: 5768: 5708: 5653: 5471: 5465: 5455: 5366: 5345: 5194: 5189: 4710: 4386: 4150: 3963: 2595: 2571: 2195: 2124: 1869: 1782: 1709: 1647: 1613: 1333: 1326: 1206: 1076:

In the 1930s, many Koreans in China joined the Anti-Japanese forces led by the

1050: 934: 912: 903: 866: 818: 797: 699: 449:, Korean trading quarters involved in trade with China existed in the coast of 231: 157: 5984: 5865: 4227: 3675: 3521: 2036: 1756:, respectively), all founded between 1997 and 2003. Most of the population of 7936: 7728: 7453: 7390: 7321: 7292: 5953: 5939: 5905: 5877: 5859: 5813: 5807: 5745: 5733: 5623: 5396: 5389: 5383: 5360: 5224: 5213: 5041: 4978:, National Population and Family Planning Commission of China, archived from 4868: 4246: 4176: 4121: 4011: 3683: 3285:

China Among Equals: The Middle Kingdom and Its Neighbors, 10th–14th Centuries

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In September 1994, Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture was selected by the

777:

canals built exceeded 1.3 kilometer, irrigating 33 hectare of paddy fields.

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and have good relations with both the Chinese government and Han majority.

1296: 1245: 1038: 989: 971: 879: 822: 810: 749: 554: 505: 489: 442: 418: 223: 113: 64: 4996:"China-Korea Relations: Post-Olympic Hangover: New Backdrop for Relations" 4415:"North Korean restaurants on foreign soil: the other girls of Kim Jong-un" 1566:, which caused discontent from South Korean ultra-nationalists during the 7438: 7326: 7270: 7265: 7233: 7228: 6952: 6462: 5960: 5899: 5887: 5882: 5852: 5723: 5588: 5540: 5460: 5450: 5445: 5327: 5266: 5249: 5237: 5230: 5219: 5169: 5082: 4934:, Institute for International Economics, pp. 101–131, archived from 3605:

International Ethnic Networks and Intra-Ethnic Conflict: Koreans in China

2426: 2350: 2300: 2032: 1968: 1895: 1891: 1601: 1552: 1544: 1521: 1391: 899: 806: 712: 707: 679: 438: 406: 4898:

The North Korean Refugee Crisis: Human Rights and International Response

2285: 950:). In April, the leader of Korean Fellow Association Cui Dongwu went to 7888: 7485: 7448: 7282: 6362: 6253: 6162: 5893: 5838: 5819: 5774: 5693: 5678: 5595: 5561: 5554: 5478: 5183: 5152: 4663:. National Bureau of Statistics of China. 29 April 2011. Archived from 4444:"North Korean restaurant in Beijing remains open, despite UN sanctions" 2451: 2375: 2354: 2315: 2291: 2260: 2199: 2186: 2073: 1996: 1873: 1629: 1605: 1283:, local nationalists or counterrevolutionists. Many faculty members of 1264:

and Zhu Dehai was appointed as the first Chairman. On 29 May 1958, the

1237: 1233: 1225: 1111: 997: 870: 826: 716: 675: 242: 44: 6622: 6617: 4016:"China's Korean Autonomous Prefecture and China-Korea Border Politics" 7804: 7385: 7248: 7194: 7173: 7106: 7080: 5485: 5285: 5273: 4108:

Status of North Korean Defector Deportation and Human Rights in China

3629: 2417: 2328: 2304: 2096: 2023: 1982: 1938: 1712:; large new communities of South Koreans have subsequently formed in 1292: 1210: 978:. On 14 September 1936, the Japanese set up a special organization ( 975: 858: 2294:, member of the 9th NPC Standing Committee, Deputy Commander of the 206:

ethnic group'). They are the 13th largest officially-recognized

7223: 5688: 5628: 5601: 3492:

Ethnic Koreans in China: Getting into the 21st Century (in Chinese)

3310: 2483: 2279: 2273: 2250: 2105: 2014: 1990: 1972: 1954: 1829:

As of 2008 there are more than 148,000 Koreans living in Shandong.

1737: 1717: 1693: 1533: 1387: 1026: 1022: 651: 613: 576: 572: 547: 525: 521: 517: 434: 235: 227: 105: 68: 6554: 4219: 1788:

Sixth National Population Census of the People's Republic of China

1250:

enormous destruction caused by the American Bombing of North Korea

1213:, the chairman and local specialist of Chinese Communist Party in 605:

to enjoy such favorable policies. However, as the rising power of

7869: 7380: 7336: 7299: 6038: 5740: 5728: 5718: 5698: 5658: 5648: 5643: 5638: 4465:"North Korean Lunch with a Side of Propaganda at Pyongyang Resto" 4448: 2607: 2603: 2244: 2238: 1926: 1749: 1741: 1733: 1729: 1725: 1713: 1697: 1689: 1371: 1214: 1013: 951: 761: 760:

valley as early as 1848. The experiment by Korean farmers in the

743: 720: 667: 643: 617: 568: 414: 125: 6372: 4904:, U.S. Committee for Human Rights in North Korea, archived from 2713:

Woo, Park; Easthope, Robert; Kyung-Sup, Chang (2 October 2020).

1205:

in 1949, Koreans in China became one of the official members of

861:

land surveys and rice production promotion plans carried out by

7238: 6032: 5925: 5703: 5663: 5633: 5611: 5516: 5243: 4807:

Ahn (안), Yong-hyeon (용현); Lee Yong-su (이용수) (27 January 2010).

4606:"South Koreans Quit China as Yuan's Gain Raises Cost of Living" 4076:– via City University of London Institutional Repository. 3929: 3589:. Research Center for Peace and Unification. 1989. p. 509. 2388: 2077: 1958: 1850: 1753: 1745: 1721: 1563: 1329: 1070: 1034:

of people participated in these demonstrations exceed 100,000.

883: 865:

forced thousands of disadvantaged Korean farmers to lose their

802: 793: 683: 509: 479: 203: 128:

with Chinese nationality and non-Chinese nationalities such as

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itself was the North Korean word for Korea, as opposed to

836: 654:

have still kept their Korean identity In 1982, during the

4925:"The Economic Status and Role of Ethnic Koreans in China" 4419: 3237:

A Concise History of Korea: From Antiquity to the Present

3210:

The Sea and Civilization: A Maritime History of the World

2606:

Liaoning Province were forced to become farm laborers on

2383: 829:, breaking the world record of growing rice north of the 314: compatriots residing abroad) and "jungguk dongpo" ( 253:, maintaining their Chinese nationality. They are called 4806: 3089:

Korea held a dominant position in the northeastern seas.

2446:

Expatriates of other nationalities and their descendants

1173:

supports. Soldiers in the 164th, 166th and 156th of the

788:

began to recruit Korean emigrants to use the water from

542:), a member of the Goryeo royal family, was sent to the 4486:"Mystery North Korean border cafe serves American fare" 579:. In 1386, the Ming government set up the Dongningwei ( 338: compatriots in China). The term "Jaejung Hanin" ( 222:

province. Significant populations can also be found in

5058:

Ethnic Koreans in China: Getting into the 21st Century

4204:. Internet Archive. New York: Ecco. pp. 178–181. 4102:[Status of North Korean Defectors in China]. 3707:. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. pp. 114–115. 2839: 1037:

In June 1920, the Korean independence fighters led by

3620: 2622:'s farm labors after capture by Jurchens during wars. 2353:, soloist and former member of South Korean Boy Band 1957:

monk who went to China; his works heavily influenced

1670:

and other top-ranked Chinese universities each year.

3463:. Urumqi: Xinjiang Fine Arts and Photography Press ( 3240:(2 ed.). Rowman & Littlefield. p. 70. 2712: 2267:

and Director of the Constitutional Law Institute of

2115: 1802:

Korean autonomous prefectures and counties in China.

1353:

Yanbian University College of Science and Technology

1228:

in 1950, young Koreans in China actively joined the

1021:

Longjing, chanting anti-Japanese slogans and waving

4260: 4098:Yoon, Yeosang; Park, Sungchul; Im, Sunhee (2013). 575:accounted for 30% of the total local population in 6544:For immigrants and expatriates in Hong Kong, see: 4441: 4201:The Impossible State: North Korea, Past and Future 3311:"The Semu ren in the Yuan Empire - who were they?" 3059: 2324:Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference 1219:Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference 4483: 3912:Mackerras, Colin (2005). "Culture of Koreans" in 3607:. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 42, 47–48, 50, 58. 3288:. University of California Press. pp. 247–. 2312:, Chinese–American comedian and chemical engineer 1540:of Korean according to North Korean conventions. 1165:, 63,000 Koreans from Northeast China joined the 1102:Resumption of Chinese Civil War (1946–1949) 553:The Korean population in China surged during the 7934: 7656:Comprehensive Economic Partnership for East Asia 3994:"吉林延边自治州朝鲜族基督教主日仪式的音乐文化分析-《北方音乐》2010年第07期-吾喜杂志网" 2618:in Liaoning Province became Nurhaci's first son 1262:first Constitution of People's Republic of China 7800:Association of East Asian Research Universities 2346:Military Anthem of the People's Liberation Army 1320:State Council of the People's Republic of China 1266:State Council of the People's Republic of China 1120:Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea 445:forces. During the 8th and 9th centuries since 4503: 4501: 4499: 4462: 4333:"More N.Koreans Apply for Chinese Citizenship" 3954: 3952: 3950: 3948: 3946: 2683: 2681: 2679: 2039:, his work was revered and heavily influenced 1612:estimated 10,000 refugees in the country, the 1137:, and contributed to the establishment of the 1114:forces took over the Northeast China from the 1041:engaged the first armed force combat with the 744:Development of paddy fields in Northeast China 532:after his surrender to the Mongols during the 7752:China–Japan–Korea Friendship Athletic Meeting 7158: 6570: 6269: 5098: 4955:China's cosmopolitan empire: The Tang dynasty 4829:.... 조선족 사업가인 박철수를 임명했다. (.... appointed the 4572:, archived from the original on 10 April 2006 4305: 4120: 4064: 4010: 3836: 3736: 3560: 3550: 3544: 3513: 3464: 3454: 3410: 3400: 3012: 3006: 2948: 2938: 2061: 1920: 1177:are mostly Koreans. They participated in the 1089: 979: 945: 916: 801:how to grow rice. In 1917, Korean farmers in 625: 592: 586: 580: 562: 537: 483: 7958:Ethnic groups officially recognized by China 5073:Koreans in China Online Community – Moyiza! 5027: 3915:Encyclopedia of Contemporary Chinese Culture 3616: 3614: 2561: 2555: 2471: 2465: 2411: 2405: 2369: 2363: 2180: 2174: 1948: 1942: 1394:national key university and a member of the 1382:city is a comprehensive university offering 1141:and the base of the Chinese Red Army in the 986:Japan surrendered at the end of World War II 380: 370: 353: 343: 329: 319: 305: 295: 258: 183: 173: 5060:(in Chinese), Yanbian University Press 2002 4736:Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Index 4566:"South Koreans find the good life in China" 4496: 4308:"Why have North Korean defections dropped?" 3943: 3874:University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 3275: 2676: 2598:after their participation in a coup during 2567: 2202:, known as "The Father of Chinese Oncology" 1189:, then continued to fight as far as in the 516:and his followers moved to the current-day 386: 359: 335: 311: 7165: 7151: 6577: 6563: 6276: 6262: 5112: 5105: 5091: 4700: 4698: 4696: 4653: 4291:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 4097: 3806: 3661: 3559:. Kunming, Yunnan: Yunnan People's Press ( 3100: 2288:, film director, screenwriter and novelist 1203:founding of the People's Republic of China 433:CE 645 – 668, over 200,000 prisoners from 7651:China–Japan–South Korea trilateral summit 3864:Amanda Conklin, Michael Tsin (May 2012). 3778: 3611: 2932: 2930: 2928: 2926: 2924: 2922: 2672:http://www.cnstats.org/tjnj/2022/3225.htm 2614:'s farm. The ancestors of the Koreans in 1760:consists of South Korea migrant workers. 1654:; this requires a certificate of loss of 656:third national population census of China 245:census. High levels of emigration to the 6283: 4932:The Korean Diaspora in the World Economy 4706:"South Koreans find new home in Donghai" 4539:Overseas Korean Educational Institutions 3794:Guanghua Law School, Zhejiang University 3179:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 65. 2920: 2918: 2916: 2914: 2912: 2910: 2908: 2906: 2904: 2902: 2590:, Hebei province were drafted into the " 1797: 1666:, send a few dozen exchange students to 1587: 1498:Korean International School of Hong Kong 1348: 1272:as "Changbai Korean Autonomous County". 1252:around 1.5 million Koreans were killed. 397:Due to the geographic proximity between 4957:. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. 4894: 4693: 4086: 3448: 3446: 3444: 3442: 3440: 3438: 3436: 3434: 3432: 3394: 3392: 3390: 3388: 3386: 3384: 3382: 3380: 3378: 3376: 3374: 3372: 3370: 3368: 3366: 3364: 3362: 3360: 3358: 3356: 3354: 3352: 3326:, volume 1. Quote: "华人十七，高丽土著，归附女直野人十三" 3281: 3000: 2998: 2996: 2994: 2992: 2990: 2501:General Association of Koreans in China 1664:Pyongyang University of Foreign Studies 1411:Korean International School in Shenzhen 1003: 996:, only less than 100,000 living in the 837:During the Japanese Occupation of Korea 780:On 3 March 1914, the newly established 188:), and their official name in China is 7935: 7671:East Asian Bureau of Economic Research 4993: 4636:Current Status of Overseas Compatriots 4385: 3699: 3598: 3596: 3350: 3348: 3346: 3344: 3342: 3340: 3338: 3336: 3334: 3332: 3066:. Cambridge University Press. p. 3057: 2988: 2986: 2984: 2982: 2980: 2978: 2976: 2974: 2972: 2970: 2234:National Bureau of Statistics of China 1426:Korean International School in Yanbian 1403:Korean International School in Beijing 1390:degrees. The university is one of the 1217:attended the first plenary session of 845:in 1910, thousands of Koreans fled to 437:were relocated to the Chinese capital 7146: 6558: 6257: 5086: 4971: 4952: 4732: 4628: 4261:Sarah Eunkyung Chee (December 2015). 4026:from the original on 6 February 2021. 4020:The Asia-Pacific Journal: Japan Focus 3774: 3772: 3260: 3206: 3145:(2nd ed.). ABC-CLIO. p. 3. 3045: 2899: 2786:"中国统计年鉴2021(光盘版+PDF版) 免费下载 – 中国统计信息网" 2429:, physician, delegate of the 13th NPC 2382:), rapper based in South Korea under 2337:People's Liberation Army Rocket Force 2322:general, former vice chairman of the 2265:Renmin University of China Law School 1885: 1568:2022 Winter Olympics opening ceremony 365:Additionally, the term "joseon-jok" ( 6529:Under-occupied developments in China 5055: 3960:"ShenZhen, Koreans' second hometown" 3579: 3498: 3489: 3429: 3233: 3172: 3101:Reischauer, Edwin Oldfather (1955). 2516:Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture 1686:Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture 1536:region of North Korea and speak the 1441:Shenyang Korean International School 1152:Japanese invasion of Northeast China 1012:in Korea, around 300,000 Koreans in 738:Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture 234:, with a sizable expat community in 55:Regions with significant populations 6584: 6233:Unrecognized ethnic groups in China 4922: 4862: 4687:"Koreans live good life in Qingdao" 4603: 4597: 4563: 4272:University of California Santa Cruz 4197: 4148: 4091: 4074:KLRI Journal of Law and Legislation 3970:. 28 September 2007. Archived from 3902:from the original on 24 April 2019. 3819:from the original on 10 April 2021. 3655: 3634:Until about the mid-1980s, China's 3602: 3593: 3536: 3329: 3138: 2967: 2435:, athlete, delegate of the 14th NPC 2282:, dancer, choreographer and actress 1482:Tianjin Korean International School 1268:approved the decision to designate 1125:In contrast to the Kuomintang, the 1096:Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army 1008:On 13 March 1919 shortly after the 796:. In 1916, the local government of 13: 6953:Commonwealth of Independent States 4895:Haggard, Stephen (December 2006), 4364:, 25 November 2005, archived from 4281:from the original on 25 June 2021. 4149:Kim, Sung Kyung (2 October 2014). 4138:from the original on 8 April 2023. 3823: 3769: 3725: 2706: 2296:People's Liberation Army Air Force 1772:, especially the cheap tuition at 1430:Dalian Korean International School 1396:Double First Class University Plan 1069:against Imperial Japanese Army in 210:. Most of Korean Chinese live in 14: 7979: 7135:off the northwest coast of Africa 5066: 4733:Craig, Edward (19 October 1998). 4604:Kim, Kyoungwha (9 January 2009), 4036: 3841:). 24 August 2015. Archived from 3520:. 22 October 2012. Archived from 3062:A History of Chinese Civilization 2588:Qinglong Manchu Autonomous County 2554:Commonly called by South Koreans 2511:Harbin No. 2 Korean Middle School 2127:, aerospace scientist, Fellow of 1880: 1559:) has influenced fashion styles. 1016:rallied on the Ruidian meadow in 640:Qinglong Manchu Autonomous County 7948:Chinese people of Korean descent 7835:Ludwigshafen East Asia Institute 7247: 6621: 6616: 6371: 6238:Immigrant ethnic groups in China 4484:DAISUKE HARASHIMA (March 2019). 4463:Sophie Steiner (February 2021). 3807:Eddie Park (20 September 2018). 2586:The ancestors of the Koreans in 2232:, Former Deputy Director of the 1703: 1573: 1084:established one of the earliest 994:communist party controlled areas 661: 424: 232:Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 4856: 4838: 4800: 4784:. 9 August 2010. Archived from 4770: 4753: 4726: 4679: 4622: 4557: 4530: 4477: 4456: 4442:Chad O'Carroll (26 June 2020). 4435: 4407: 4379: 4350: 4325: 4299: 4254: 4234: 4191: 4142: 4114: 4080: 4058: 4030: 4004: 3986: 3906: 3888: 3857: 3800: 3755: 3693: 3664:Chinese Education & Society 3494:, Yanbian University Press 2002 3483: 3317: 3308: 3302: 3266: 3254: 3227: 3200: 3166: 3132: 3094: 3051: 3039: 2874: 2829: 2580: 1793: 1515: 1452:Qingdao Chungwoon Korean School 1332:, the Chaoxianzu are seen as a 954:and hold negotiations with the 597:). Many Koreans moved from the 7782:EAFF E-1 Football Championship 7757:East Asian Football Federation 4515:, 1 April 2006, archived from 4126:"(545) North Korean defectors" 3837: 3789:University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa 3737: 3561: 3545: 3514: 3465: 3455: 3411: 3401: 3013: 3007: 2949: 2939: 2803: 2778: 2753: 2665: 2655: 2641: 2562: 2556: 2548: 2412: 2406: 2370: 2364: 2335:, the first female general of 2333:Chinese Academy of Engineering 2191:Chinese Academy of Engineering 2181: 2175: 2129:Chinese Academy of Engineering 1949: 1943: 1139:Chinese Communist Party's army 1090: 1086:Anti-Japanese Volunteer Armies 1080:. In June 1932, Korean leader 980: 946: 917: 626: 593: 587: 581: 563: 538: 484: 482:county, in Zhongjing Circuit ( 471: 381: 371: 354: 344: 330: 320: 306: 296: 285: 268: 259: 208:ethnic minority group in China 198: 193: 184: 174: 149: 137: 1: 7830:Journal of East Asian Studies 7767:East Asian Judo Championships 7614:East Asia Climate Partnership 7172: 7133:autonomous community of Spain 4863:Lee, Dave (4 November 2019). 3139:Kim, Djun Kil (30 May 2014). 2731:10.1080/13621025.2020.1812957 2629: 1925:), the 16th patriarch of the 1196: 970:by force, then established a 792:to develop paddy fields near 772:. The cultivation of rice in 7853:Horses in East Asian warfare 7396:other ethnic groups in China 6510:History of the Jews in China 5056:Pan, Longhai; Huang, Youfu, 4972:Zhang, Tianlu (March 2004), 4564:Kim, Hyejin (8 April 2006), 4306:Andrei Lankov (7 May 2015). 4169:10.1080/14649373.2014.972663 3765:. 延边朝鲜族自治州地方志. 15 July 2016. 3490:Pan, Longhai; Huang, Youfu, 3104:Ennins Travels in Tang China 2811:"中 조선족 170만 명…14억 인구의 0.12%" 2634: 2536:Pyongyang (restaurant chain) 2526:Korean community of Shanghai 1814:Korean community of Shanghai 1596:China has a large number of 1344: 1324:University of North Carolina 1065:and Hong Beom-do fought the 913:Japanese massacre of Koreans 843:Japanese Occupation of Korea 620:after 1635) established the 429:After the conclusion of the 7: 7953:Korean expatriates in China 6784:South Korea (North Koreans) 4953:Lewis, Mark Edward (2009). 4156:Inter-Asia Cultural Studies 2489: 2420:based in South Korea under 2218:Minister of Foreign Affairs 2159:Chinese Academy of Sciences 2142:Chinese Academy of Sciences 2035:, one of the two pupils of 1971:, a Tang general of Korean 1832: 1824: 1528:and many also speak fluent 1503: 1291:was labeled as part of the 1029:. The crowd was stopped by 10: 7984: 7907:Needham Research Institute 7815:East Asia Image Collection 7810:East Asian Economic Review 7245: 4887: 3898:. 人民网. 25 September 2009. 1872:, and 200 enrolled at the 1817: 1811: 1805: 1577: 1512:(with service in Korean). 1339: 962:In 1931, Japan staged the 392: 7897: 7843: 7790: 7742: 7704: 7686:Human rights in East Asia 7637: 7604: 7571:Sino-Xenic pronunciations 7416: 7256: 7180: 7129: 7094: 7073: 7066: 7035: 6985: 6945: 6938: 6908: 6865: 6797: 6744: 6737: 6691: 6631: 6613: 6592: 6542: 6487: 6380: 6369: 6291: 6228: 6188: 6123: 6069: 5970: 5915: 5797: 5571: 5525: 5495: 5424: 5376: 5344: 5295: 5203: 5142: 5133: 5120: 4749:– via Google Books. 4589:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 4037:유, 지호 (5 February 2022). 3896:"俸兰：我国朝鲜族平均受教育程度高于全国平均水平" 3676:10.2753/CED1061-193234027 3587:Korea & World Affairs 3551: 3234:Seth, Michael J. (2016). 3173:Seth, Michael J. (2006). 3023:Minzu University of China 2689:"The Korean Ethnic Group" 2472: 2466: 2241:, Chinese football player 2210:China ambassador to Japan 2062: 1921: 909:national education system 863:Governor-General of Korea 670:sealed the area north of 534:Mongol invasions of Korea 104: 99: 88: 83: 59: 54: 42: 34: 29: 7943:Korean diaspora in China 6500:Immigration to Hong Kong 6208:Local ethnic nationalism 5127:recognized ethnic groups 5042:10.1177/1468796808099901 4833:businessman, Pak Cholsu) 4809: 4778:"谁是"中国第一女飞行家"?秋瑾之女还是李霞卿" 4739:. Taylor & Francis. 4630: 4103: 4099: 3831: 3732: 3705:Maoism: A Global History 3556: 3506: 3460: 3406: 3282:Rossabi, Morris (1983). 3058:Gernet, Jacques (1996). 3018: 2944: 2541: 2320:People's Liberation Army 1808:Korean people in Beijing 1656:North Korean nationality 1366:are allowed to teach in 1167:People's Liberation Army 460:According to records of 79:and other Chinese cities 7772:East Asian martial arts 7719:Archaeological cultures 5003:Comparative Connections 4846:"연합뉴스 : 바른언론 빠른뉴스" 4198:Cha, Victor D. (2013). 3638:("Korean nationality", 3207:Paine, Lincoln (2014). 2496:Ethnic Chinese in Korea 2482:, American-born CEO of 1626:North Hamgyong Province 1474:Korean School in Yantai 1230:People's Volunteer Army 1127:Chinese Communist Party 1078:Chinese Communist Party 968:invaded Northeast China 933:acquiescence. In 1928, 813:and Mayi River basins. 251:Korean Chinese in Korea 7899:Science and technology 7883:The Book of Five Rings 7777:East Asian Youth Games 7117:South Korean defectors 7112:North Korean defectors 6970:Russia (North Koreans) 6850:North Korean defectors 6243:Historic ethnic groups 5114:Ethnic groups in China 4994:Snyder, Scott (2008), 4923:Kim, Si-joong (2003), 4358:"朝鲜"海龟"生活揭秘：大多留学北大等名校" 4065:Andrew Wolman (2014). 3324:Chronicles of Liaodong 3213:. Atlantic Books Ltd. 2506:Korean Chinese cuisine 2456:Pyongyang, North Korea 2416:), member of boygroup 1965:and the Sanlun school. 1803: 1660:Kim Il-sung University 1638:. According to a 2015 1593: 1580:North Korean defectors 1478:Shanghai Korean School 1407:Guangzhou Korea School 1354: 1224:After the outbreak of 1191:Hainan Island Campaign 1055:Korean Liberation Army 1043:Imperial Japanese Army 956:Nationalist government 559:Chronicles of Liaodong 7963:China–Korea relations 7182:Countries and regions 6495:Demographics of China 3622:Armstrong, Charles K. 2592:Bordered White Banner 2391:: Chinese footballer. 2140:scientist, Fellow of 2076:(Originally from the 1902:(Originally from the 1847:Overseas Chinese Town 1801: 1774:international schools 1766:1997 financial crisis 1598:North Korean refugees 1591: 1584:North Korean passport 1494:Overseas Chinese Town 1352: 886:using the water from 7968:Immigration to China 7922:Traditional medicine 7820:East Asia Law Review 7676:East Asian Community 7366:Indigenous Taiwanese 6505:Immigration to Macau 6285:Immigration to China 4850:www.yonhapnews.co.kr 4810:조선족 박철수, 北경제 구원투수 되나 4124:(18 November 2010). 3703:(3 September 2019). 3632:. pp. 112–114. 3603:Kim, Hyejin (2010). 3142:The History of Korea 2531:Koreans in Hong Kong 2247:, actor of the 1930s 2144:, Vice President of 2118:Chaoxianzu/Joseonjok 1820:Koreans in Hong Kong 1758:Koreans in Hong Kong 1463:Weihai Korean School 1415:Suzhou Korean School 1156:Land Reform Movement 1067:Battle of Qingshanli 1004:Anti-Japanese fights 704:Convention of Peking 585:) and Guangningwei ( 124:include both ethnic 7347:Khalkha in Mongolia 6534:Illegal immigration 5078:环球阿里郎 Arirang World 5009:(3), archived from 4982:on 17 November 2006 3884:on 8 November 2021. 2840:https://kseach.org/ 2719:Citizenship Studies 1855:Shenzhen University 1277:Cultural Revolution 1260:stipulation of the 1000:-controlled areas. 942:Huanggutun incident 927:Wanpaoshan Incident 831:50th parallel north 748:The development of 152:) people living in 50:1,702,479–1,893,763 26: 7825:East Asian studies 7521:Hip-and-gable roof 7516:Chinese characters 6946:Post-Soviet states 4871:on 6 November 2019 4642:on 23 October 2010 4368:on 14 January 2009 4250:. 4 February 2021. 4104:중국의 탈북자 강제송환과 인권실태 4044:Yonhap News Agency 3998:wuxizazhi.cnki.net 3974:on 11 October 2007 3779:Yang Feng (2017). 2610:'s farm, and then 2521:Koreans in Beijing 2344:, composer of the 2138:physical geography 1886:Historical figures 1853:, the area around 1804: 1673:In June 2012, the 1594: 1376:Yanbian University 1355: 1285:Yanbian University 1281:capitalist roaders 1179:Siege of Changchun 1143:Jinggang Mountains 1135:Guangzhou Uprising 1010:March 1st Movement 857:During 1910–1934, 852:March 1st Movement 451:Shandong Peninsula 73:Shandong peninsula 24: 7930: 7929: 7681:Four Asian Tigers 7140: 7139: 7125: 7124: 7031: 7030: 6934: 6933: 6552: 6551: 6525: 6517: 6480: 6472: 6465: 6454: 6251: 6250: 5420: 5419: 4788:on 9 October 2019 4395:Los Angeles Times 4211:978-0-06-199850-8 4014:(1 August 2007). 3748:978-7-105-08642-9 3714:978-0-525-65605-0 3572:978-7-222-05729-6 3555:), eds. (2008). 3524:on 11 August 2016 3476:978-7-5469-0361-3 3422:978-7-101-06535-0 3295:978-0-520-04562-0 3032:978-7-5660-0096-5 2960:978-7-105-10152-8 2862:Missing or empty 2269:China Law Society 2146:Peking University 2108:, general of the 2099:, general of the 2090:, general of the 2082:Kingdom of Goryeo 2026:, general of the 2017:, general of the 2008:, general of the 1999:, general of the 1676:Los Angeles Times 1668:Peking University 1622:human trafficking 1313:Chinese languages 1255:On 3 March 1952, 1187:Liaoshen Campaign 1175:Fourth Field Army 1163:War of Liberation 1147:Imperial Japanese 1131:Nanchang Uprising 1106:After the end of 875:Republic of China 782:Republic of China 770:Liaoning province 652:Liaoning Province 607:Jianzhou Jurchens 526:Liaoning Province 502:prisoners of wars 498:Goryeo–Khitan War 431:Goguryeo–Tang War 265:Zaihan Chaoxianzu 247:Republic of Korea 119: 118: 106:Mahayana Buddhism 94:Chinese languages 7975: 7865:Miyamoto Musashi 7762:East Asian Games 7734:Former countries 7666:East Asia Summit 7496:Chinese knotting 7251: 7167: 7160: 7153: 7144: 7143: 7071: 7070: 6943: 6942: 6742: 6741: 6626: 6625: 6620: 6579: 6572: 6565: 6556: 6555: 6546:Hong Kong people 6520: 6512: 6475: 6468: 6460: 6448: 6427: 6403: 6396: 6375: 6278: 6271: 6264: 6255: 6254: 6109:Tajiks (Pamiris) 5140: 5139: 5107: 5100: 5093: 5084: 5083: 5061: 5052: 5024: 5023: 5021: 5015: 5000: 4990: 4989: 4987: 4968: 4949: 4948: 4946: 4941:on 27 March 2009 4940: 4929: 4919: 4918: 4916: 4910: 4903: 4881: 4880: 4878: 4876: 4867:. Archived from 4860: 4854: 4853: 4842: 4836: 4835: 4826: 4824: 4804: 4798: 4797: 4795: 4793: 4774: 4768: 4767: 4765: 4757: 4751: 4750: 4730: 4724: 4723: 4721: 4719: 4702: 4691: 4690: 4683: 4677: 4676: 4674: 4672: 4657: 4651: 4650: 4649: 4647: 4626: 4620: 4619: 4618: 4616: 4601: 4595: 4594: 4588: 4580: 4579: 4577: 4561: 4555: 4554: 4553: 4551: 4546:on 16 April 2007 4534: 4528: 4527: 4526: 4524: 4505: 4494: 4493: 4481: 4475: 4474: 4460: 4454: 4453: 4439: 4433: 4432: 4430: 4428: 4411: 4405: 4404: 4403: 4401: 4383: 4377: 4376: 4375: 4373: 4354: 4348: 4347: 4346: 4344: 4339:, 7 January 2011 4329: 4323: 4322: 4320: 4318: 4303: 4297: 4296: 4290: 4282: 4280: 4269: 4258: 4252: 4251: 4238: 4232: 4231: 4195: 4189: 4188: 4146: 4140: 4139: 4118: 4112: 4111: 4095: 4089: 4084: 4078: 4077: 4071: 4062: 4056: 4055: 4053: 4051: 4034: 4028: 4027: 4008: 4002: 4001: 3990: 3984: 3983: 3981: 3979: 3956: 3941: 3940: 3933: 3927: 3910: 3904: 3903: 3892: 3886: 3885: 3883: 3877:. Archived from 3870: 3861: 3855: 3854: 3852: 3850: 3840: 3839: 3827: 3821: 3820: 3804: 3798: 3797: 3785: 3776: 3767: 3766: 3759: 3753: 3752: 3740: 3739: 3729: 3723: 3722: 3697: 3691: 3690: 3659: 3653: 3652: 3618: 3609: 3608: 3600: 3591: 3590: 3583: 3577: 3576: 3564: 3563: 3554: 3553: 3549:); Piao Baxian ( 3548: 3547: 3540: 3534: 3533: 3531: 3529: 3517: 3516: 3502: 3496: 3495: 3487: 3481: 3480: 3468: 3467: 3458: 3457: 3450: 3427: 3426: 3414: 3413: 3404: 3403: 3396: 3327: 3321: 3315: 3314: 3309:Haw, Stephen G. 3306: 3300: 3299: 3279: 3273: 3270: 3264: 3258: 3252: 3251: 3231: 3225: 3224: 3204: 3198: 3197: 3195: 3193: 3170: 3164: 3163: 3161: 3159: 3136: 3130: 3129: 3123: 3121: 3098: 3092: 3091: 3086: 3084: 3065: 3055: 3049: 3043: 3037: 3036: 3016: 3015: 3010: 3009: 3002: 2965: 2964: 2952: 2951: 2942: 2941: 2934: 2897: 2896: 2894: 2892: 2878: 2872: 2871: 2865: 2860: 2858: 2850: 2848: 2846: 2833: 2827: 2826: 2824: 2822: 2815:n.news.naver.com 2807: 2801: 2800: 2798: 2796: 2782: 2776: 2775: 2773: 2771: 2761:"지표서비스 | e-나라지표" 2757: 2751: 2750: 2710: 2704: 2703: 2702: 2700: 2685: 2674: 2669: 2663: 2659: 2653: 2652: 2645: 2623: 2584: 2578: 2569: 2565: 2564: 2559: 2558: 2552: 2475: 2474: 2469: 2468: 2422:SM Entertainment 2415: 2414: 2409: 2408: 2403: 2373: 2372: 2367: 2366: 2231: 2184: 2183: 2178: 2177: 2172: 2157:, Fellow of the 2155:physical chemist 2065: 2064: 2059: 2045:Chinese Buddhism 2041:Tibetan Buddhism 1952: 1951: 1946: 1945: 1924: 1923: 1918: 1904:Kingdom of Silla 1696:, and others in 1652:Chinese citizens 1551:. The so-called 1538:Hamgyŏng dialect 1526:Mandarin Chinese 1490: 1471: 1460: 1449: 1438: 1423: 1364:higher education 1183:Battle of Siping 1108:Second World War 1093: 1092: 983: 982: 949: 948: 920: 919: 642:Hebei province, 629: 628: 599:Korean Peninsula 596: 595: 590: 589: 584: 583: 566: 565: 541: 540: 487: 486: 473: 403:Korean Peninsula 388: 384: 383: 374: 373: 361: 357: 356: 347: 346: 337: 333: 332: 323: 322: 313: 309: 308: 299: 298: 280:Korean Americans 276:Korean Peninsula 270: 262: 261: 255:Jaehan Joseonjok 200: 195: 187: 186: 177: 176: 151: 139: 122:Koreans in China 30:Total population 27: 25:Koreans in China 23: 7983: 7982: 7978: 7977: 7976: 7974: 7973: 7972: 7933: 7932: 7931: 7926: 7893: 7839: 7786: 7738: 7700: 7696:Stock exchanges 7633: 7600: 7412: 7252: 7243: 7176: 7171: 7141: 7136: 7121: 7090: 7086:Zainichi Korean 7062: 7027: 6981: 6930: 6904: 6861: 6793: 6733: 6687: 6627: 6615: 6611: 6588: 6586:Korean diaspora 6583: 6553: 6548: 6538: 6483: 6423: 6399: 6392: 6376: 6367: 6287: 6282: 6252: 6247: 6224: 6196:Han nationalism 6184: 6131:African Chinese 6119: 6065: 5966: 5911: 5793: 5751:Sichuan Mongols 5567: 5521: 5491: 5416: 5372: 5340: 5291: 5199: 5129: 5116: 5111: 5069: 5064: 5019: 5017: 5016:on 28 July 2011 5013: 4998: 4985: 4983: 4965: 4944: 4942: 4938: 4927: 4914: 4912: 4911:on 3 March 2007 4908: 4901: 4890: 4885: 4884: 4874: 4872: 4861: 4857: 4852:. 23 July 2010. 4844: 4843: 4839: 4822: 4820: 4816:The Chosun Ilbo 4811: 4805: 4801: 4791: 4789: 4776: 4775: 4771: 4763: 4759: 4758: 4754: 4747: 4731: 4727: 4717: 4715: 4704: 4703: 4694: 4685: 4684: 4680: 4670: 4668: 4659: 4658: 4654: 4645: 4643: 4632: 4627: 4623: 4614: 4612: 4602: 4598: 4582: 4581: 4575: 4573: 4562: 4558: 4549: 4547: 4536: 4535: 4531: 4522: 4520: 4507: 4506: 4497: 4482: 4478: 4461: 4457: 4440: 4436: 4426: 4424: 4413: 4412: 4408: 4399: 4397: 4389:(1 July 2012), 4387:Demick, Barbara 4384: 4380: 4371: 4369: 4356: 4355: 4351: 4342: 4340: 4331: 4330: 4326: 4316: 4314: 4304: 4300: 4284: 4283: 4278: 4274:. p. 101. 4267: 4259: 4255: 4240: 4239: 4235: 4212: 4196: 4192: 4147: 4143: 4131:The Korea Times 4119: 4115: 4105: 4101: 4096: 4092: 4085: 4081: 4069: 4063: 4059: 4049: 4047: 4035: 4031: 4009: 4005: 3992: 3991: 3987: 3977: 3975: 3958: 3957: 3944: 3935: 3934: 3930: 3911: 3907: 3894: 3893: 3889: 3881: 3868: 3862: 3858: 3848: 3846: 3845:on 7 March 2016 3833: 3829: 3828: 3824: 3805: 3801: 3783: 3777: 3770: 3761: 3760: 3756: 3749: 3734: 3731: 3730: 3726: 3715: 3698: 3694: 3660: 3656: 3619: 3612: 3601: 3594: 3585: 3584: 3580: 3573: 3558: 3541: 3537: 3527: 3525: 3508: 3504: 3503: 3499: 3488: 3484: 3477: 3462: 3451: 3430: 3423: 3408: 3397: 3330: 3322: 3318: 3307: 3303: 3296: 3280: 3276: 3271: 3267: 3259: 3255: 3248: 3232: 3228: 3221: 3205: 3201: 3191: 3189: 3187: 3171: 3167: 3157: 3155: 3153: 3137: 3133: 3119: 3117: 3115: 3099: 3095: 3082: 3080: 3078: 3056: 3052: 3044: 3040: 3033: 3020: 3003: 2968: 2961: 2946: 2935: 2900: 2890: 2888: 2886:www.neac.gov.cn 2880: 2879: 2875: 2863: 2861: 2852: 2851: 2844: 2842: 2835: 2834: 2830: 2820: 2818: 2809: 2808: 2804: 2794: 2792: 2790:www.cnstats.org 2784: 2783: 2779: 2769: 2767: 2765:www.index.go.kr 2759: 2758: 2754: 2711: 2707: 2698: 2696: 2687: 2686: 2677: 2670: 2666: 2660: 2656: 2647: 2646: 2642: 2637: 2632: 2627: 2626: 2600:Shunzhi Emperor 2585: 2581: 2553: 2549: 2544: 2492: 2448: 2397: 2303:, professional 2225: 2166: 2121: 2053: 1953:), 6th century 1912: 1888: 1883: 1835: 1827: 1822: 1816: 1810: 1796: 1706: 1618:forced marriage 1586: 1576: 1543:However, since 1518: 1506: 1484: 1465: 1454: 1443: 1432: 1417: 1368:Korean language 1347: 1342: 1305:China's history 1289:Korean language 1270:Changbai County 1199: 1116:Soviet Red Army 1104: 1047:Wangqing County 1031:Fengtian clique 1006: 964:Mukden Incident 923:Tanaka Memorial 895:Fengtian clique 847:Northeast China 839: 786:Mukden province 754:Northeast China 746: 734:Queue hairstyle 693:Northeast China 672:Baekdu Mountain 664: 603:Northeast China 557:. According to 530:Northeast China 463:History of Liao 427: 395: 288: 92: 22: 17: 12: 11: 5: 7981: 7971: 7970: 7965: 7960: 7955: 7950: 7945: 7928: 7927: 7925: 7924: 7919: 7914: 7909: 7903: 7901: 7895: 7894: 7892: 7891: 7886: 7879: 7876:The Art of War 7872: 7867: 7862: 7855: 7849: 7847: 7841: 7840: 7838: 7837: 7832: 7827: 7822: 7817: 7812: 7807: 7802: 7796: 7794: 7788: 7787: 7785: 7784: 7779: 7774: 7769: 7764: 7759: 7754: 7748: 7746: 7740: 7739: 7737: 7736: 7731: 7726: 7721: 7716: 7710: 7708: 7702: 7701: 7699: 7698: 7693: 7688: 7683: 7678: 7673: 7668: 7663: 7658: 7653: 7647: 7645: 7635: 7634: 7632: 7631: 7626: 7621: 7616: 7610: 7608: 7602: 7601: 7599: 7598: 7596:Chinese zodiac 7593: 7588: 7583: 7578: 7573: 7568: 7563: 7558: 7553: 7548: 7543: 7538: 7533: 7528: 7523: 7518: 7513: 7508: 7503: 7501:Chinese dragon 7498: 7493: 7488: 7483: 7478: 7473: 7468: 7463: 7461:Blepharoplasty 7458: 7457: 7456: 7451: 7446: 7441: 7433: 7428: 7422: 7420: 7414: 7413: 7411: 7410: 7409: 7408: 7403: 7393: 7388: 7383: 7378: 7373: 7368: 7363: 7358: 7353: 7352: 7351: 7350: 7349: 7344: 7329: 7324: 7319: 7318: 7317: 7312: 7307: 7297: 7296: 7295: 7285: 7280: 7279: 7278: 7268: 7262: 7260: 7254: 7253: 7246: 7244: 7242: 7241: 7236: 7231: 7226: 7221: 7220: 7219: 7209: 7208: 7207: 7202: 7197: 7186: 7184: 7178: 7177: 7170: 7169: 7162: 7155: 7147: 7138: 7137: 7130: 7127: 7126: 7123: 7122: 7120: 7119: 7114: 7109: 7104: 7098: 7096: 7092: 7091: 7089: 7088: 7083: 7077: 7075: 7068: 7067:Related topics 7064: 7063: 7061: 7060: 7055: 7050: 7045: 7039: 7037: 7033: 7032: 7029: 7028: 7026: 7025: 7023:United Kingdom 7020: 7015: 7010: 7005: 7000: 6995: 6993:Czech Republic 6989: 6987: 6983: 6982: 6980: 6979: 6978: 6977: 6967: 6962: 6961: 6960: 6949: 6947: 6940: 6936: 6935: 6932: 6931: 6929: 6928: 6923: 6918: 6912: 6910: 6906: 6905: 6903: 6902: 6897: 6892: 6887: 6886: 6885: 6875: 6869: 6867: 6863: 6862: 6860: 6859: 6854: 6853: 6852: 6842: 6837: 6832: 6827: 6822: 6817: 6812: 6807: 6801: 6799: 6798:Southeast Asia 6795: 6794: 6792: 6791: 6786: 6781: 6776: 6771: 6770: 6769: 6764: 6759: 6748: 6746: 6739: 6735: 6734: 6732: 6731: 6726: 6721: 6716: 6711: 6706: 6701: 6695: 6693: 6689: 6688: 6686: 6685: 6684: 6683: 6678: 6673: 6663: 6658: 6653: 6648: 6647: 6646: 6635: 6633: 6629: 6628: 6614: 6612: 6610: 6609: 6604: 6602:Canary Islands 6598: 6596: 6590: 6589: 6582: 6581: 6574: 6567: 6559: 6550: 6549: 6543: 6540: 6539: 6537: 6536: 6531: 6526: 6518: 6507: 6502: 6497: 6491: 6489: 6485: 6484: 6482: 6481: 6473: 6466: 6455: 6445: 6440: 6435: 6430: 6429: 6428: 6416: 6411: 6406: 6405: 6404: 6397: 6384: 6382: 6381:From elsewhere 6378: 6377: 6370: 6368: 6366: 6365: 6360: 6355: 6350: 6349: 6348: 6338: 6337: 6336: 6326: 6321: 6316: 6311: 6306: 6301: 6295: 6293: 6289: 6288: 6281: 6280: 6273: 6266: 6258: 6249: 6248: 6246: 6245: 6240: 6235: 6229: 6226: 6225: 6223: 6222: 6221: 6220: 6218:Zhonghua minzu 6210: 6205: 6204: 6203: 6192: 6190: 6186: 6185: 6183: 6182: 6177: 6172: 6167: 6155: 6154: 6153: 6143: 6138: 6133: 6127: 6125: 6121: 6120: 6118: 6117: 6112: 6105: 6098: 6097: 6096: 6086: 6081: 6075: 6073: 6067: 6066: 6064: 6063: 6062: 6061: 6049: 6042: 6035: 6030: 6023: 6016: 6009: 6002: 5997: 5992: 5987: 5982: 5976: 5974: 5968: 5967: 5965: 5964: 5957: 5950: 5943: 5936: 5935: 5934: 5921: 5919: 5913: 5912: 5910: 5909: 5902: 5897: 5890: 5885: 5880: 5875: 5868: 5863: 5856: 5849: 5842: 5835: 5834: 5833: 5828: 5816: 5811: 5803: 5801: 5795: 5794: 5792: 5791: 5790: 5789: 5777: 5772: 5765: 5764: 5763: 5758: 5753: 5748: 5743: 5738: 5737: 5736: 5731: 5726: 5721: 5716: 5711: 5701: 5696: 5691: 5686: 5681: 5676: 5671: 5666: 5661: 5656: 5651: 5646: 5641: 5636: 5631: 5626: 5614: 5609: 5604: 5599: 5592: 5585: 5577: 5575: 5569: 5568: 5566: 5565: 5558: 5551: 5550: 5549: 5537: 5531: 5529: 5523: 5522: 5520: 5519: 5514: 5507: 5501: 5499: 5493: 5492: 5490: 5489: 5482: 5475: 5468: 5463: 5458: 5453: 5448: 5443: 5438: 5430: 5428: 5422: 5421: 5418: 5417: 5415: 5414: 5407: 5400: 5393: 5386: 5380: 5378: 5374: 5373: 5371: 5370: 5363: 5358: 5350: 5348: 5342: 5341: 5339: 5338: 5331: 5324: 5317: 5312: 5307: 5301: 5299: 5293: 5292: 5290: 5289: 5282: 5277: 5270: 5263: 5258: 5253: 5246: 5241: 5234: 5227: 5222: 5217: 5209: 5207: 5201: 5200: 5198: 5197: 5192: 5187: 5180: 5179: 5178: 5166: 5161: 5156: 5148: 5146: 5137: 5131: 5130: 5121: 5118: 5117: 5110: 5109: 5102: 5095: 5087: 5081: 5080: 5075: 5068: 5067:External links 5065: 5063: 5062: 5053: 5036:(2): 147–174, 5025: 4991: 4969: 4963: 4950: 4920: 4891: 4889: 4886: 4883: 4882: 4855: 4837: 4799: 4769: 4752: 4745: 4725: 4711:Shenzhen Daily 4692: 4678: 4667:on 14 May 2011 4652: 4621: 4596: 4556: 4529: 4519:on 16 May 2007 4495: 4476: 4470:That's Beijing 4455: 4434: 4406: 4378: 4349: 4324: 4298: 4253: 4233: 4210: 4190: 4163:(4): 553–571. 4141: 4113: 4090: 4079: 4057: 4029: 4003: 3985: 3964:Shenzhen Daily 3942: 3928: 3905: 3887: 3856: 3822: 3799: 3768: 3754: 3747: 3724: 3720:revisionists!' 3713: 3692: 3654: 3610: 3592: 3578: 3571: 3543:Long Donglin ( 3535: 3512:Yanbian News ( 3497: 3482: 3475: 3453:Yuan Linying ( 3428: 3421: 3328: 3316: 3301: 3294: 3274: 3272:辽史第三十九卷志第九地理志三 3265: 3263:, p. 169. 3253: 3247:978-1442235182 3246: 3226: 3220:978-1782393573 3219: 3199: 3185: 3165: 3151: 3131: 3113: 3093: 3076: 3050: 3048:, p. 154. 3038: 3031: 2966: 2959: 2898: 2873: 2828: 2802: 2777: 2752: 2725:(7): 918–933. 2705: 2695:, 21 June 2005 2675: 2664: 2654: 2639: 2638: 2636: 2633: 2631: 2628: 2625: 2624: 2596:Changli County 2579: 2576:Korean descent 2572:Chinese people 2546: 2545: 2543: 2540: 2539: 2538: 2533: 2528: 2523: 2518: 2513: 2508: 2503: 2498: 2491: 2488: 2487: 2486: 2477: 2459: 2447: 2444: 2443: 2442: 2441:, skateboarder 2436: 2430: 2424: 2392: 2386: 2357: 2348: 2339: 2326: 2313: 2307: 2298: 2289: 2283: 2277: 2271: 2258: 2248: 2242: 2236: 2220: 2216:, former Vice 2203: 2196:Hyen-taik Kimm 2193: 2161: 2148: 2131: 2125:Jiang Jingshan 2120: 2114: 2113: 2112: 2103: 2094: 2085: 2071: 2048: 2030: 2021: 2012: 2003: 1994: 1976: 1966: 1936: 1930: 1907: 1887: 1884: 1882: 1881:Notable people 1879: 1870:Luohu District 1834: 1831: 1826: 1823: 1795: 1792: 1783:Bloomberg News 1710:Mainland China 1705: 1702: 1648:naturalization 1614:United Nations 1610:PRC government 1604:instead marry 1575: 1572: 1517: 1514: 1505: 1502: 1346: 1343: 1341: 1338: 1334:model minority 1207:Zhonghua minzu 1198: 1195: 1103: 1100: 1057:forces led by 1051:Gando massacre 1005: 1002: 935:Zhang Xueliang 904:Zhang Zuoxiang 867:land ownership 838: 835: 798:Jilin Province 774:Yanbian region 766:Huanren region 745: 742: 700:Russian Empire 663: 660: 488:), one of the 426: 423: 394: 391: 287: 284: 158:Korean Chinese 117: 116: 102: 101: 97: 96: 86: 85: 81: 80: 57: 56: 52: 51: 48: 40: 39: 36: 32: 31: 20: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7980: 7969: 7966: 7964: 7961: 7959: 7956: 7954: 7951: 7949: 7946: 7944: 7941: 7940: 7938: 7923: 7920: 7918: 7915: 7913: 7910: 7908: 7905: 7904: 7902: 7900: 7896: 7890: 7887: 7885: 7884: 7880: 7878: 7877: 7873: 7871: 7868: 7866: 7863: 7861: 7860: 7856: 7854: 7851: 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reckoning 7424: 7423: 7421: 7419: 7415: 7407: 7404: 7402: 7399: 7398: 7397: 7394: 7392: 7389: 7387: 7384: 7382: 7379: 7377: 7374: 7372: 7369: 7367: 7364: 7362: 7359: 7357: 7354: 7348: 7345: 7343: 7340: 7339: 7338: 7335: 7334: 7333: 7330: 7328: 7325: 7323: 7320: 7316: 7313: 7311: 7308: 7306: 7303: 7302: 7301: 7298: 7294: 7291: 7290: 7289: 7286: 7284: 7281: 7277: 7274: 7273: 7272: 7269: 7267: 7264: 7263: 7261: 7259: 7258:Ethnic groups 7255: 7250: 7240: 7237: 7235: 7232: 7230: 7227: 7225: 7222: 7218: 7215: 7214: 7213: 7210: 7206: 7203: 7201: 7198: 7196: 7193: 7192: 7191: 7188: 7187: 7185: 7183: 7179: 7175: 7168: 7163: 7161: 7156: 7154: 7149: 7148: 7145: 7134: 7128: 7118: 7115: 7113: 7110: 7108: 7105: 7103: 7100: 7099: 7097: 7093: 7087: 7084: 7082: 7079: 7078: 7076: 7072: 7069: 7065: 7059: 7056: 7054: 7051: 7049: 7046: 7044: 7041: 7040: 7038: 7034: 7024: 7021: 7019: 7016: 7014: 7011: 7009: 7006: 7004: 7001: 6999: 6996: 6994: 6991: 6990: 6988: 6984: 6976: 6973: 6972: 6971: 6968: 6966: 6963: 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6028: 6024: 6022: 6021: 6017: 6015: 6014: 6010: 6008: 6007: 6003: 6001: 5998: 5996: 5993: 5991: 5988: 5986: 5983: 5981: 5978: 5977: 5975: 5973: 5969: 5963: 5962: 5958: 5956: 5955: 5951: 5949: 5948: 5944: 5942: 5941: 5937: 5933: 5930: 5929: 5928: 5927: 5923: 5922: 5920: 5918: 5914: 5908: 5907: 5903: 5901: 5898: 5896: 5895: 5891: 5889: 5886: 5884: 5881: 5879: 5876: 5874: 5873: 5869: 5867: 5864: 5862: 5861: 5857: 5855: 5854: 5850: 5848: 5847: 5843: 5841: 5840: 5836: 5832: 5829: 5827: 5824: 5823: 5822: 5821: 5817: 5815: 5812: 5810: 5809: 5805: 5804: 5802: 5800: 5796: 5788: 5785: 5784: 5783: 5782: 5778: 5776: 5773: 5771: 5770: 5766: 5762: 5759: 5757: 5754: 5752: 5749: 5747: 5744: 5742: 5739: 5735: 5734:Upper Mongols 5732: 5730: 5727: 5725: 5722: 5720: 5717: 5715: 5712: 5710: 5707: 5706: 5705: 5702: 5700: 5697: 5695: 5692: 5690: 5687: 5685: 5682: 5680: 5677: 5675: 5672: 5670: 5667: 5665: 5662: 5660: 5657: 5655: 5652: 5650: 5647: 5645: 5642: 5640: 5637: 5635: 5632: 5630: 5627: 5625: 5622: 5621: 5620: 5619: 5615: 5613: 5610: 5608: 5605: 5603: 5600: 5598: 5597: 5593: 5591: 5590: 5586: 5584: 5583: 5579: 5578: 5576: 5574: 5570: 5564: 5563: 5559: 5557: 5556: 5552: 5548: 5545: 5544: 5543: 5542: 5538: 5536: 5533: 5532: 5530: 5528: 5524: 5518: 5515: 5513: 5512: 5508: 5506: 5503: 5502: 5500: 5498: 5494: 5488: 5487: 5483: 5481: 5480: 5476: 5474: 5473: 5469: 5467: 5464: 5462: 5459: 5457: 5454: 5452: 5449: 5447: 5444: 5442: 5439: 5437: 5436: 5432: 5431: 5429: 5427: 5426:Austroasiatic 5423: 5413: 5412: 5408: 5406: 5405: 5401: 5399: 5398: 5394: 5392: 5391: 5387: 5385: 5382: 5381: 5379: 5375: 5369: 5368: 5364: 5362: 5359: 5357: 5356: 5352: 5351: 5349: 5347: 5343: 5337: 5336: 5332: 5330: 5329: 5325: 5323: 5322: 5318: 5316: 5313: 5311: 5308: 5306: 5303: 5302: 5300: 5298: 5294: 5288: 5287: 5283: 5281: 5278: 5276: 5275: 5271: 5269: 5268: 5264: 5262: 5259: 5257: 5254: 5252: 5251: 5247: 5245: 5242: 5240: 5239: 5235: 5233: 5232: 5228: 5226: 5223: 5221: 5218: 5216: 5215: 5211: 5210: 5208: 5206: 5202: 5196: 5193: 5191: 5188: 5186: 5185: 5181: 5177: 5174: 5173: 5172: 5171: 5167: 5165: 5162: 5160: 5157: 5155: 5154: 5150: 5149: 5147: 5145: 5141: 5138: 5136: 5132: 5128: 5124: 5119: 5115: 5108: 5103: 5101: 5096: 5094: 5089: 5088: 5085: 5079: 5076: 5074: 5071: 5070: 5059: 5054: 5051: 5047: 5043: 5039: 5035: 5031: 5026: 5012: 5008: 5004: 4997: 4992: 4981: 4977: 4976: 4970: 4966: 4964:9780674033061 4960: 4956: 4951: 4937: 4933: 4926: 4921: 4907: 4900: 4899: 4893: 4892: 4870: 4866: 4859: 4851: 4847: 4841: 4834: 4832: 4818: 4817: 4812: 4803: 4787: 4783: 4779: 4773: 4762: 4756: 4748: 4746:9780415073103 4742: 4738: 4737: 4729: 4714:. 1 July 2014 4713: 4712: 4707: 4701: 4699: 4697: 4688: 4682: 4666: 4662: 4656: 4641: 4637: 4633: 4625: 4611: 4607: 4600: 4592: 4586: 4571: 4567: 4560: 4545: 4541: 4540: 4533: 4518: 4514: 4510: 4504: 4502: 4500: 4491: 4487: 4480: 4472: 4471: 4466: 4459: 4451: 4450: 4445: 4438: 4422: 4421: 4416: 4410: 4396: 4392: 4388: 4382: 4367: 4363: 4359: 4353: 4338: 4334: 4328: 4313: 4309: 4302: 4294: 4288: 4277: 4273: 4266: 4265: 4257: 4249: 4248: 4247:The Hankyoreh 4243: 4237: 4229: 4225: 4221: 4217: 4213: 4207: 4203: 4202: 4194: 4186: 4182: 4178: 4174: 4170: 4166: 4162: 4158: 4157: 4152: 4145: 4137: 4133: 4132: 4127: 4123: 4122:Andrei Lankov 4117: 4109: 4094: 4088: 4083: 4075: 4068: 4061: 4046: 4045: 4040: 4033: 4025: 4021: 4017: 4013: 4012:Andrei Lankov 4007: 3999: 3995: 3989: 3973: 3969: 3965: 3961: 3955: 3953: 3951: 3949: 3947: 3938: 3932: 3925: 3924:0-203-64506-5 3921: 3917: 3916: 3909: 3901: 3897: 3891: 3880: 3876: 3875: 3867: 3860: 3844: 3834: 3826: 3818: 3814: 3810: 3803: 3795: 3791: 3790: 3782: 3775: 3773: 3764: 3758: 3750: 3744: 3728: 3721: 3716: 3710: 3706: 3702: 3701:Lovell, Julia 3696: 3689: 3685: 3681: 3677: 3673: 3669: 3665: 3658: 3651: 3649: 3645: 3641: 3637: 3631: 3627: 3623: 3617: 3615: 3606: 3599: 3597: 3588: 3582: 3574: 3568: 3539: 3523: 3519: 3509: 3501: 3493: 3486: 3478: 3472: 3449: 3447: 3445: 3443: 3441: 3439: 3437: 3435: 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2716: 2709: 2694: 2690: 2684: 2682: 2680: 2673: 2668: 2658: 2650: 2644: 2640: 2621: 2617: 2613: 2612:Prince Zhuang 2609: 2605: 2601: 2597: 2593: 2589: 2583: 2577: 2573: 2551: 2547: 2537: 2534: 2532: 2529: 2527: 2524: 2522: 2519: 2517: 2514: 2512: 2509: 2507: 2504: 2502: 2499: 2497: 2494: 2493: 2485: 2481: 2478: 2463: 2460: 2457: 2453: 2450: 2449: 2440: 2437: 2434: 2431: 2428: 2425: 2423: 2419: 2401: 2396: 2393: 2390: 2387: 2385: 2381: 2377: 2361: 2358: 2356: 2352: 2349: 2347: 2343: 2342:Zheng Lücheng 2340: 2338: 2334: 2330: 2327: 2325: 2321: 2317: 2314: 2311: 2308: 2306: 2302: 2299: 2297: 2293: 2290: 2287: 2284: 2281: 2278: 2275: 2272: 2270: 2266: 2262: 2259: 2256: 2252: 2249: 2246: 2243: 2240: 2237: 2235: 2229: 2224: 2221: 2219: 2215: 2211: 2207: 2204: 2201: 2197: 2194: 2192: 2188: 2170: 2165: 2162: 2160: 2156: 2152: 2151:Jin Hongguang 2149: 2147: 2143: 2139: 2135: 2132: 2130: 2126: 2123: 2122: 2119: 2116:Contemporary 2111: 2107: 2104: 2102: 2098: 2095: 2093: 2089: 2088:Li Chengliang 2086: 2083: 2079: 2075: 2072: 2069: 2057: 2052: 2049: 2046: 2042: 2038: 2034: 2031: 2029: 2025: 2022: 2020: 2016: 2013: 2011: 2007: 2004: 2002: 1998: 1995: 1992: 1988: 1984: 1981:, Emperor of 1980: 1977: 1974: 1970: 1967: 1964: 1960: 1956: 1940: 1937: 1934: 1931: 1928: 1916: 1911: 1908: 1905: 1901: 1897: 1893: 1890: 1889: 1878: 1875: 1871: 1865: 1861: 1858: 1856: 1852: 1848: 1844: 1840: 1830: 1821: 1815: 1809: 1800: 1791: 1789: 1785: 1784: 1777: 1775: 1771: 1767: 1761: 1759: 1755: 1751: 1747: 1743: 1739: 1735: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1719: 1715: 1711: 1704:South Koreans 1701: 1699: 1695: 1691: 1687: 1683: 1678: 1677: 1671: 1669: 1665: 1661: 1657: 1653: 1649: 1643: 1641: 1640:UC Santa Cruz 1637: 1636: 1635:The Hankyoreh 1631: 1627: 1623: 1619: 1615: 1611: 1607: 1603: 1599: 1590: 1585: 1581: 1574:North Koreans 1571: 1569: 1565: 1560: 1558: 1554: 1550: 1549:Seoul dialect 1546: 1541: 1539: 1535: 1531: 1527: 1523: 1513: 1511: 1501: 1499: 1495: 1488: 1483: 1479: 1475: 1469: 1464: 1458: 1453: 1447: 1442: 1436: 1431: 1427: 1421: 1416: 1412: 1408: 1404: 1399: 1397: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1351: 1337: 1335: 1331: 1328: 1325: 1321: 1316: 1314: 1310: 1306: 1300: 1298: 1294: 1290: 1286: 1282: 1278: 1273: 1271: 1267: 1263: 1258: 1253: 1251: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1222: 1220: 1216: 1212: 1208: 1204: 1194: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1164: 1159: 1157: 1153: 1148: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1132: 1128: 1123: 1121: 1117: 1113: 1109: 1099: 1097: 1087: 1083: 1079: 1074: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1063:Lee Beom-seok 1060: 1059:Kim Chwa-chin 1056: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1035: 1032: 1028: 1024: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1001: 999: 995: 991: 987: 977: 973: 969: 965: 960: 957: 953: 943: 939: 936: 930: 928: 924: 914: 910: 905: 901: 896: 891: 889: 885: 881: 876: 872: 868: 864: 860: 855: 853: 848: 844: 834: 832: 828: 824: 820: 814: 812: 808: 804: 799: 795: 791: 787: 783: 778: 775: 771: 767: 763: 759: 755: 751: 741: 739: 735: 730: 726: 722: 718: 714: 709: 705: 701: 696: 694: 690: 685: 681: 677: 673: 669: 662:Late Qing era 659: 657: 653: 649: 645: 641: 637: 633: 632:Eight Banners 623: 619: 615: 610: 608: 604: 600: 578: 574: 570: 560: 556: 551: 549: 545: 544:Mongol Empire 535: 531: 527: 523: 519: 515: 511: 507: 503: 499: 495: 491: 481: 477: 469: 465: 464: 458: 456: 455:Yangtze River 452: 448: 444: 440: 436: 432: 425:Early history 422: 420: 416: 412: 408: 404: 400: 390: 378: 368: 363: 351: 341: 327: 317: 303: 293: 283: 281: 277: 272: 266: 256: 252: 248: 244: 239: 237: 233: 229: 225: 221: 217: 213: 209: 205: 201: 191: 181: 171: 167: 163: 159: 155: 147: 143: 135: 131: 127: 123: 115: 111: 107: 103: 98: 95: 91: 87: 82: 78: 74: 70: 66: 62: 58: 53: 49: 47: 46: 41: 37: 33: 28: 19: 7881: 7874: 7859:Bansenshūkai 7857: 7624:Rainy season 7401:unrecognized 7304: 6751: 6607:South Africa 6340: 6158: 6157: 6151:Kaifeng Jews 6107: 6100: 6051: 6044: 6037: 6025: 6018: 6011: 6004: 5959: 5952: 5945: 5938: 5924: 5904: 5892: 5870: 5858: 5851: 5844: 5837: 5818: 5806: 5779: 5767: 5616: 5594: 5587: 5580: 5560: 5553: 5539: 5509: 5497:Austronesian 5484: 5477: 5470: 5433: 5409: 5402: 5395: 5388: 5365: 5353: 5333: 5326: 5319: 5284: 5272: 5265: 5248: 5236: 5229: 5212: 5205:Lolo-Burmese 5182: 5168: 5151: 5135:Sino-Tibetan 5122: 5057: 5033: 5029: 5018:, retrieved 5011:the original 5006: 5002: 4984:, retrieved 4980:the original 4974: 4954: 4943:, retrieved 4936:the original 4931: 4913:, retrieved 4906:the original 4897: 4873:. 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