35:
284:
3653:
3842:
3681:
203:
3721:
2636:
3639:
2624:
3731:
194:(B Article 3.3) and voluntary to account for emissions from forest management, cropland management, grazing land management and revegetation (B. Article 3.4). The flexibility mechanisms under the Kyoto Protocol, including the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and Joint Implementation (JI), also include provisions for LULUCF projects, further enhancing the integration of land use considerations into climate change mitigation strategies.
2660:
2648:
3709:
3667:
3625:
3695:
977:
314:
harvest, tree species selection, grazing, and crop harvest. These land management practices are implemented to understand their biophysical and biogeochemical effects on the forest. However, there is a major lack of available data for these practices currently, so there needs to be further monitoring and data collecting to help improve the accuracy of the models.
313:
projections. These projections can give researchers a better understanding of what future forest management practices should be employed. Furthermore, this new approach to modeling also allows for land management practices to be analyzed in the model. Such land management practices can be: forest
38:
The period since 1950 has brought "the most rapid transformation of the human relationship with the natural world in the history of humankind". Almost one-third of the world's forests, and almost two-thirds of its grassland, have been lost to human agriculture—which now occupies almost half the
173:
The Kyoto
Protocol article 3.3 thus requires mandatory LULUCF accounting for afforestation (no forest for last 50 years), reforestation (no forest on 31 December 1989) and deforestation, as well as (in the first commitment period) under article 3.4 voluntary accounting for cropland management,
136:(UNFCCC) Article 4(1)(a) requires all Parties to "develop, periodically update, publish and make available to the Conference of the Parties" as well as "national inventories of anthropogenic emissions by sources" "removals by sinks of all greenhouse gases not controlled by the
292:
A 2021 study estimated, with higher resolution data, that land-use change has affected 17% of land in 1960–2019, or when considering multiple change events 32%, "around four times" previous estimates. They also investigate its drivers, identifying
287:
Share of the total land surface without and with consideration of multiple changes between six major land use/cover categories (urban area, cropland, pasture/rangeland, forest, unmanaged grass/shrubland, non-/sparsely vegetated land) in
181:
with emission reduction commitments (so-called Annex 1 Parties) account for changes in carbon stocks in land use, land-use change and forestry. It is mandatory for Annex 1 Parties to account for changes in carbons stocks resulting from
143:
Under the UNFCCC reporting guidelines, human-induced greenhouse emissions must be reported in six sectors: energy (including stationary energy and transport); industrial processes; solvent and other product use; agriculture; waste; and
676:
Ochoa-Hueso, R; Delgado-Baquerizo, M; King, PTA; Benham, M; Arca, V; Power, SA (February 2019). "Ecosystem type and resource quality are more important than global change drivers in regulating early stages of litter decomposition".
779:
Friedlingstein, Pierre; Jones, Matthew W.; O'Sullivan, Michael; Andrew, Robbie M.; Bakker, Dorothee C. E.; Hauck, Judith; Le Quéré, Corinne; Peters, Glen P.; Peters, Wouter; Pongratz, Julia; Sitch, Stephen (2021-11-04).
271:, both of which affect climate. The impact of land-use change on the climate is also more and more recognized by the climate modeling community. On regional or local scales, the impact of LUC can be assessed by
387:
1023:. National Research Council (U.S.). Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate., National Research Council (U.S.). Division on Earth and Life Studies. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press.
416:
Data: Historical data on forests from
Williams (2003) - Deforesting the Earth. Historical data on agriculture from The History Database of Global Environment (HYDE). Modern data from the FAO
598:
Hohne N, Wartmann S, Herold A, Freibauer A (2007). "The rules for land use, land use change and forestry under the Kyoto
Protocol—lessons learned for the future climate negotiations".
275:(RCMs). This is however difficult, particularly for variables, which are inherently noisy, such as precipitation. For this reason, it is suggested to conduct RCM ensemble simulations.
629:
527:
IPCC, 2022: Climate Change 2022: Mitigation of
Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
2360:
3268:
3767:
2536:
453:
Climate Change 2022: Mitigation of
Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
2204:
1661:
560:
Department of the
Environment and Heritage (DEH) 2006, National Greenhouse Gas Inventory 2004: Accounting for the 108% Target, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra.
309:
has been used to analyze forests for climate projections. However, in recent years there has been a shift away from this modeling towards more of mitigation and
3039:
2377:
4012:
1813:
1629:
380:
1808:
1676:
3034:
3760:
1656:
1603:
1312:
3078:
1545:
4096:
1429:
465:
4101:
3753:
2747:
1698:
1646:
2577:
1693:
1268:
574:
395:
Fig. 3.67(j): loss of tropical rainforest and woodland, as estimated for tropical Africa, Latin
America and South and Southeast Asia.
359:
219:
167:
110:
570:
1908:
1619:
1337:
1114:
1018:
2264:
1211:
206:
Per capita greenhouse gas emissions by country including land-use change, in the year 2000 according to World
Resources Institute
4048:
1913:
1876:
1730:
1715:
1624:
1273:
1217:
1078:
133:
2572:
1710:
1028:
3049:
3997:
2594:
1540:
1535:
448:
3977:
2075:
1853:
1671:
1593:
1583:
1566:
1473:
1280:
1598:
847:
3891:
3873:
2740:
2698:
2504:
2365:
2322:
1818:
2972:
2952:
2431:
2307:
2124:
1317:
500:
3841:
428:
408:"Deforestation and Forest Loss / Humanity destroyed one third of the world's forests by expanding agricultural land"
4028:
3806:
2726:
2664:
2302:
2282:
2229:
2181:
1233:
1052:
525:
329:
4043:
3044:
2421:
2372:
1798:
1760:
1705:
1165:
306:
551:
Towards
Sustainable Land Use: Aligning Biodiversity, Climate and Food Policies. (2020). France: OECD Publishing.
411:
34:
3629:
2489:
1773:
1520:
582:
234:, namely emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production, amount to 6.3 ± 0.6 Gt carbon per year.
3911:
3117:
2599:
2134:
1666:
283:
3921:
2582:
2254:
1783:
1778:
1683:
1550:
1107:
1019:
National
Research Council (U.S.). Committee on a National Strategy for Advancing Climate Modeling. (2012).
174:
grazing land management, revegetation and forest management (if not already accounted under article 3.3).
3916:
2927:
2733:
1793:
1636:
3896:
3441:
3083:
2719:
2652:
2416:
2219:
2176:
1949:
1871:
1725:
3987:
3404:
3224:
3093:
2754:
2521:
2196:
2171:
2144:
2106:
2023:
1841:
1688:
1641:
1391:
1160:
1155:
1150:
881:
310:
2036:
722:
3992:
3926:
3901:
3886:
3863:
3543:
3229:
2837:
2802:
2531:
2526:
2516:
2457:
2297:
1803:
1768:
1651:
1578:
1419:
1248:
1184:
1145:
156:
71:
67:
3179:
455:. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA. doi: 10.1017/9781009157926.002.
4038:
3906:
3811:
3372:
3263:
3159:
3154:
2640:
2562:
2472:
2214:
2186:
1866:
1515:
1493:
1100:
237:
In 2021 the Global Carbon Project estimated annual land-use change emissions were 4.1 ± 2.6 Gt CO
3972:
3149:
3144:
3024:
3012:
2691:
2239:
2059:
2001:
1918:
1903:
1788:
1424:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
882:"How many RCM ensemble members provide confidence in the impact of land-use land cover change?"
323:
272:
75:
19:
This article is about the greenhouse gas inventory category. For more general information, see
848:"Biophysical forcings of land-use changes from potential forestry activities in North America"
356: – Japanese term for the area between flat coastal plains and interior mountain foothills
4091:
4053:
3657:
3643:
3314:
2628:
2274:
2151:
1959:
1409:
1332:
3251:
3957:
3533:
3273:
3214:
3184:
3054:
2842:
2467:
2345:
2006:
1571:
1498:
932:
493:
Land use and the carbon cycle : advances in integrated science, management, and policy
341:
653:
8:
3982:
3821:
3734:
3105:
2922:
2890:
2484:
2259:
1483:
1478:
335:
294:
936:
821:
3868:
3685:
3204:
3199:
3029:
2992:
2947:
2900:
2807:
2797:
2312:
2244:
2161:
2011:
1976:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1488:
961:
920:
781:
704:
268:
1087:
4106:
4058:
3724:
3485:
3007:
2987:
2977:
2962:
2867:
2684:
2546:
2209:
1954:
1720:
1503:
1466:
1253:
1207:
1034:
1024:
966:
948:
803:
578:
506:
496:
137:
3745:
708:
3600:
3585:
3347:
3304:
3139:
2997:
2982:
2957:
2589:
2156:
2139:
2080:
1971:
1735:
1449:
1322:
1258:
994:
956:
940:
896:
862:
793:
694:
686:
607:
534:
447:
M. Pathak, R. Slade, P.R. Shukla, J. Skea, R. Pichs-Madruga, D. Ürge-Vorsatz,2022:
379:
Steffen, Will; Sanderson, Angelina; Tyson, Peter; Jäger, Jill; et al. (2004).
690:
350: – Classification of land resources based on what can be built and on its use
163:
are contained in several decisions of the Conference of Parties under the UNFCCC.
3962:
3850:
3816:
3780:
3610:
3468:
3453:
3309:
3256:
3239:
2942:
2910:
2880:
2832:
2817:
2792:
2541:
2462:
2426:
2355:
2329:
2317:
2234:
2166:
2041:
1898:
1510:
1461:
1439:
611:
253:
147:
83:
24:
919:
Winkler, Karina; Fuchs, Richard; Rounsevell, Mark; Herold, Martin (2021-05-11).
214:(carbon dioxide) atmospheric concentration, and is thus a contributor to global
3878:
3831:
3826:
3671:
3595:
3590:
3523:
3431:
3419:
3384:
3342:
3290:
3285:
3209:
3127:
3019:
2862:
2852:
2494:
2350:
2292:
2287:
2129:
2018:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1588:
1525:
1263:
1243:
1202:
1123:
981:
944:
338: – Interdisciplinary study of changes in climate, land use, and land cover
215:
178:
160:
130:
98:
746:
538:
4085:
4007:
3944:
3858:
3801:
3788:
3776:
3699:
3680:
3605:
3565:
3518:
3357:
3329:
3194:
3132:
3071:
3066:
2875:
2827:
2567:
2499:
2224:
2046:
2031:
1966:
1861:
1038:
952:
807:
510:
191:
187:
183:
4002:
3713:
3548:
3244:
3234:
3219:
3189:
3112:
3088:
3002:
2967:
2932:
2847:
2822:
2778:
2452:
2249:
1893:
1883:
1530:
1414:
1327:
970:
407:
227:
118:
94:
921:"Global land use changes are four times greater than previously estimated"
798:
4064:
3967:
3580:
3560:
3553:
3513:
3480:
3061:
2812:
2479:
1996:
1988:
1238:
386:. International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP). pp. 131, 133.
230:
carbon per year to the atmosphere. For comparison, the major source of CO
699:
4070:
3575:
3570:
3296:
2917:
2511:
1888:
778:
866:
675:
452:
202:
3796:
3458:
3436:
3337:
3279:
2895:
2761:
1456:
901:
4033:
3538:
3508:
3503:
3463:
3409:
3399:
3319:
2707:
353:
347:
114:
87:
79:
28:
20:
3952:
3528:
3424:
3394:
3389:
3377:
3367:
3352:
2905:
1434:
1092:
571:
Good Practice Guidance for Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry
106:
3708:
381:"Global Change and the Climate System / A Planet Under Pressure"
3362:
3100:
2937:
2885:
2784:
2447:
1082:
470:
264:
223:
102:
1088:
IPCC Special Report on Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry
723:"IPCC Special Reports: Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry"
3694:
3414:
2361:
Cooperative Mechanisms under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement
1444:
976:
914:
912:
332: – Interactions between deforestation and climate change
1053:"5. Improving Data Collection across the Health Care System"
918:
597:
252:
The land-use sector is critical to achieving the aim of the
3473:
3448:
3122:
2676:
995:"Nearly a fifth of Earth's surface transformed since 1960"
909:
378:
109:. LULUCF has been the subject of two major reports by the
2537:
Illustrative model of greenhouse effect on climate change
630:"Reporting on LULUCF activities under the Kyoto Protocol"
429:"Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) — IPCC"
166:
LULUCF has been the subject of two major reports by the
326: – Growth of agricultural land in the 21st century
263:
concentration but also land surface biophysics such as
3775:
2378:
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
400:
256:
to limit global warming to 2 °C (3.6 °F).
226:
into agricultural land) contributes a net 1.6 ± 0.8
4013:
United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification
222:estimates that land-use change (e.g. conversion of
113:(IPCC), but is difficult to measure. Additionally,
1021:A national strategy for advancing climate modeling
177:This decision sets out the rules that govern how
4083:
2578:Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
822:"Land use and forestry regulation for 2021-2030"
490:
372:
344: – Geographic and ecological field of study
155:The rules governing accounting and reporting of
97:and as such, these activities can add or remove
1079:Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF)
845:
466:"Glossary of climate change acronyms and terms"
259:Land-use change alters not just atmospheric CO
3761:
2692:
1313:History of climate change policy and politics
1108:
1430:Atlantic meridional overturning circulation
846:Kaiguang, Zhao; Jackson, Robert B. (2014).
3768:
3754:
2699:
2685:
2659:
2647:
2104:
1115:
1101:
2399:
2205:Adaptation strategies on the German coast
1338:United Nations Climate Change conferences
960:
900:
797:
698:
575:Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
495:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
360:Special Report on Climate Change and Land
168:Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
111:Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
82:such as settlements and commercial uses,
1909:Co-benefits of climate change mitigation
297:affecting agriculture as a main driver.
282:
201:
60:Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use
33:
2265:National Adaptation Programme of Action
2054:Land use, land-use change, and forestry
44:Land use, land-use change, and forestry
4084:
4049:Land use, land-use change and forestry
1914:Economics of climate change mitigation
1877:Gold Standard (carbon offset standard)
1390:
1218:Scientific consensus on climate change
524:"2022: Emissions Trends and Drivers".
414:from the original on 7 November 2022.
278:
134:Framework Convention on Climate Change
3749:
2680:
2573:Coupled Model Intercomparison Project
2398:
2103:
1839:
1389:
1301:
1182:
1134:
1096:
786:Earth System Science Data Discussions
624:
622:
210:Land-use change can be a factor in CO
3998:Managed intensive rotational grazing
2595:Representative Concentration Pathway
1536:Tipping points in the climate system
1212:Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere
889:International Journal of Climatology
879:
826:Climate Action - European Commission
669:
393:from the original on 19 March 2017.
245:not carbon: 1 Gt carbon = 3.67 Gt CO
78:resulting from direct human-induced
3624:
2366:Nationally determined contributions
2076:Individual action on climate change
1281:World energy supply and consumption
772:
105:) from the atmosphere, influencing
13:
4097:Climate change and the environment
3874:Soil retrogression and degradation
2505:Fixed anvil temperature hypothesis
1122:
619:
300:
197:
14:
4118:
4102:Environmental issues with forests
2973:Global Forest Information Service
2432:Satellite temperature measurement
2037:forestry for carbon sequestration
1318:History of climate change science
1072:
545:
441:
93:LULUCF has impacts on the global
4029:Forest Landscape Integrity Index
3840:
3807:Deforestation and climate change
3729:
3720:
3719:
3707:
3693:
3679:
3665:
3651:
3637:
3623:
2658:
2646:
2635:
2634:
2622:
2283:Climate Change Performance Index
1662:Destruction of cultural heritage
975:
600:Environmental Science and Policy
330:Deforestation and climate change
4044:Land surface effects on climate
3730:
2422:Instrumental temperature record
2373:Sustainable Development Goal 13
1045:
1012:
987:
873:
839:
814:
739:
715:
654:"Microsoft Word - kpcmp8a3.doc"
646:
591:
563:
16:Greenhouse gas inventory sector
3949:Arid Lands Information Network
2490:Climate variability and change
1840:
1521:Retreat of glaciers since 1850
554:
517:
491:Brown, Daniel G., ed. (2013).
484:
458:
421:
124:
117:is of critical importance for
1:
2600:Shared Socioeconomic Pathways
2135:Climate emergency declaration
691:10.1016/j.soilbio.2018.11.009
679:Soil Biology and Biochemistry
366:
2706:
2583:IPCC Sixth Assessment Report
1809:Middle East and North Africa
1135:
612:10.1016/j.envsci.2007.02.001
410:. Our World in Data (OWID).
76:removals of greenhouse gases
7:
3978:Farmer-managed regeneration
1657:Depopulation of settlements
1302:
782:"Global Carbon Budget 2021"
317:
52:Forestry and other land use
10:
4123:
3084:Growth and yield modelling
2417:Global surface temperature
2308:Popular culture depictions
2220:Ecosystem-based adaptation
1950:Carbon capture and storage
1872:Carbon offsets and credits
1183:
945:10.1038/s41467-021-22702-2
18:
4021:
3988:Great Green Wall (Africa)
3937:
3849:
3838:
3787:
3658:Earth sciences portal
3644:Climate change portal
3619:
3496:
3328:
3225:Great Green Wall (Africa)
3170:
2861:
2771:
2714:
2629:Climate change portal
2616:
2555:
2522:Extreme event attribution
2440:
2409:
2405:
2394:
2338:
2273:
2195:
2145:School Strike for Climate
2117:
2113:
2099:
2068:
2024:Climate-smart agriculture
1985:
1942:
1852:
1848:
1835:
1759:
1612:
1559:
1402:
1398:
1385:
1308:
1297:
1226:
1195:
1191:
1178:
1161:Climate change adaptation
1156:Climate change mitigation
1151:Effects of climate change
1141:
1130:
539:10.1017/9781009157926.004
3993:Great Green Wall (China)
3864:Historic desertification
3230:Great Green Wall (China)
2803:Close to nature forestry
2532:Global warming potential
2339:International agreements
1986:Preserving and enhancing
1420:Arctic methane emissions
1342:Years in climate change
1249:Greenhouse gas emissions
1146:Causes of climate change
157:greenhouse gas emissions
68:greenhouse gas inventory
4039:Intact forest landscape
3812:Deforestation by region
3264:Million Tree Initiative
2563:Climate change scenario
2215:Disaster risk reduction
1867:Carbon emission trading
1677:U.S. insurance industry
1647:Civilizational collapse
1494:sea surface temperature
273:Regional climate models
50:), also referred to as
39:world's habitable land.
3973:Ecological engineering
3686:Environment portal
3118:Sustainable management
3013:Trillion Tree Campaign
2556:Research and modelling
2240:Nature-based solutions
2060:Nature-based solutions
2002:Carbon dioxide removal
1919:Fossil fuel divestment
1904:Climate risk insurance
1814:Small island countries
1425:Arctic sea ice decline
880:Laux, Patrick (2016).
324:Agricultural expansion
289:
207:
159:from LULUCF under the
40:
4054:List of global issues
3611:Wood process engineer
3315:Urban forest inequity
2517:Earth's energy budget
2400:Background and theory
2288:Climate crisis (term)
1960:Fossil fuel phase-out
1854:Economics and finance
1819:by individual country
1761:By country and region
1736:Security and conflict
1731:Psychological impacts
1410:Abrupt climate change
1333:Charles David Keeling
1166:By country and region
925:Nature Communications
855:Ecological Monographs
799:10.5194/essd-2021-386
307:earth system modeling
286:
205:
101:(or, more generally,
37:
3958:Conservation grazing
3274:Shifting cultivation
3215:Forest fragmentation
3185:Carbon sequestration
3055:Woodland Carbon Code
3020:Forest certification
2928:Even-aged management
2843:Sustainable forestry
2346:Glasgow Climate Pact
2007:Carbon sequestration
1572:Mass mortality event
342:Land change modeling
66:, is defined as a "
3983:Flexible Mechanisms
3822:Mountaintop removal
3079:Formally designated
2923:Ecological thinning
2833:Plantation forestry
2741:Research institutes
2485:Climate sensitivity
2260:The Adaptation Fund
1716:Infectious diseases
1613:Social and economic
937:2021NatCo..12.2501W
362: – IPCC report
336:Land change science
279:Extents and mapping
70:sector that covers
3869:Moisture recycling
3672:Ecology portal
3205:Forest degradation
3200:Ecosystem services
2808:Community forestry
2056:(LULUCF and AFOLU)
2028:Forest management
2012:Direct air capture
1977:Sustainable energy
1934:Net zero emissions
1929:Low-carbon economy
1924:Green Climate Fund
1711:Indigenous peoples
1604:Plant biodiversity
1392:Effects and issues
290:
269:evapotranspiration
208:
41:
4079:
4078:
4059:Natural landscape
3743:
3742:
3700:Plants portal
3486:green woodworking
2674:
2673:
2612:
2611:
2608:
2607:
2547:Radiative forcing
2390:
2389:
2386:
2385:
2210:Adaptive capacity
2095:
2094:
2091:
2090:
1955:Energy transition
1831:
1830:
1827:
1826:
1541:Tropical cyclones
1467:Urban heat island
1381:
1380:
1293:
1292:
1289:
1288:
1254:Carbon accounting
1208:Greenhouse effect
1174:
1173:
1030:978-0-309-25978-1
867:10.1890/12-1705.1
759:Sceptical science
449:Technical Summary
249:) for 2011–2020.
138:Montreal Protocol
4114:
4022:Related articles
3844:
3770:
3763:
3756:
3747:
3746:
3733:
3732:
3723:
3722:
3714:Trees portal
3712:
3711:
3698:
3697:
3684:
3683:
3670:
3669:
3668:
3656:
3655:
3654:
3642:
3641:
3640:
3627:
3626:
3348:Forest gardening
3305:Timber recycling
3252:Invasive species
3140:Tree measurement
2701:
2694:
2687:
2678:
2677:
2662:
2661:
2650:
2649:
2638:
2637:
2627:
2626:
2625:
2590:Paleoclimatology
2407:
2406:
2396:
2395:
2157:Ecological grief
2140:Climate movement
2115:
2114:
2101:
2100:
2081:Plant-based diet
1972:Renewable energy
1850:
1849:
1837:
1836:
1672:Economic impacts
1594:Invasive species
1450:Coastal flooding
1400:
1399:
1387:
1386:
1323:Svante Arrhenius
1299:
1298:
1269:from agriculture
1259:Carbon footprint
1244:Greenhouse gases
1193:
1192:
1180:
1179:
1132:
1131:
1117:
1110:
1103:
1094:
1093:
1067:
1066:
1064:
1063:
1049:
1043:
1042:
1016:
1010:
1009:
1007:
1005:
991:
985:
980:Available under
979:
974:
964:
916:
907:
906:
904:
902:10.1002/joc.4836
895:(4): 2080–2100.
886:
877:
871:
870:
852:
843:
837:
836:
834:
833:
818:
812:
811:
801:
792:(4): 1917–2005.
776:
770:
769:
767:
765:
743:
737:
736:
734:
733:
719:
713:
712:
702:
673:
667:
666:
664:
663:
658:
650:
644:
643:
641:
640:
626:
617:
615:
595:
589:
588:
567:
561:
558:
552:
549:
543:
542:
532:
521:
515:
514:
488:
482:
481:
479:
478:
462:
456:
445:
439:
438:
436:
435:
425:
419:
418:
404:
398:
397:
392:
385:
376:
4122:
4121:
4117:
4116:
4115:
4113:
4112:
4111:
4082:
4081:
4080:
4075:
4017:
3963:Desert greening
3933:
3851:Desertification
3845:
3836:
3817:Illegal logging
3783:
3781:desertification
3774:
3744:
3739:
3706:
3692:
3678:
3666:
3664:
3652:
3650:
3638:
3636:
3615:
3492:
3469:spruce-pine-fir
3442:Christmas trees
3324:
3240:Illegal logging
3172:
3166:
2881:Controlled burn
2866:
2857:
2838:Social forestry
2818:Energy forestry
2798:Bamboo forestry
2793:Analog forestry
2767:
2710:
2705:
2675:
2670:
2623:
2621:
2604:
2551:
2542:Orbital forcing
2436:
2401:
2382:
2356:Paris Agreement
2334:
2330:Warming stripes
2269:
2235:Managed retreat
2230:Loss and damage
2191:
2125:Business action
2109:
2087:
2064:
1987:
1981:
1938:
1899:Climate finance
1844:
1823:
1755:
1608:
1584:Extinction risk
1560:Flora and fauna
1555:
1516:Permafrost thaw
1511:Ozone depletion
1440:Extreme weather
1394:
1377:
1304:
1285:
1222:
1187:
1170:
1137:
1126:
1121:
1075:
1070:
1061:
1059:
1051:
1050:
1046:
1031:
1017:
1013:
1003:
1001:
993:
992:
988:
917:
910:
884:
878:
874:
850:
844:
840:
831:
829:
820:
819:
815:
777:
773:
763:
761:
754:
751:emissions to CO
750:
745:
744:
740:
731:
729:
721:
720:
716:
674:
670:
661:
659:
656:
652:
651:
647:
638:
636:
628:
627:
620:
596:
592:
585:
569:
568:
564:
559:
555:
550:
546:
530:
523:
522:
518:
503:
489:
485:
476:
474:
464:
463:
459:
446:
442:
433:
431:
427:
426:
422:
406:
405:
401:
390:
383:
377:
373:
369:
320:
305:Traditionally,
303:
301:Forest modeling
281:
262:
254:Paris Agreement
248:
244:
240:
233:
213:
200:
198:Climate impacts
148:land use change
127:
84:land-use change
32:
25:Land-use change
17:
12:
11:
5:
4120:
4110:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4077:
4076:
4074:
4073:
4068:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4025:
4023:
4019:
4018:
4016:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3947:
3941:
3939:
3935:
3934:
3932:
3931:
3930:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3881:
3879:Water scarcity
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3855:
3853:
3847:
3846:
3839:
3837:
3835:
3834:
3832:Slash-and-char
3829:
3827:Slash-and-burn
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3793:
3791:
3785:
3784:
3773:
3772:
3765:
3758:
3750:
3741:
3740:
3738:
3737:
3727:
3717:
3703:
3689:
3675:
3661:
3647:
3633:
3620:
3617:
3616:
3614:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3601:Timber cruiser
3598:
3596:Shingle weaver
3593:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3557:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3500:
3498:
3494:
3493:
3491:
3490:
3489:
3488:
3478:
3477:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3446:
3445:
3444:
3434:
3432:Rail transport
3429:
3428:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3382:
3381:
3380:
3375:
3373:pulp and paper
3370:
3365:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3343:Forest farming
3340:
3334:
3332:
3326:
3325:
3323:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3301:
3300:
3293:
3291:slash-and-char
3288:
3286:slash-and-burn
3283:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3260:
3259:
3249:
3248:
3247:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3210:Forest dieback
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3176:
3174:
3168:
3167:
3165:
3164:
3163:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3137:
3136:
3135:
3130:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3109:
3108:
3098:
3097:
3096:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3075:
3074:
3069:
3059:
3058:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3017:
3016:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2914:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2883:
2878:
2872:
2870:
2859:
2858:
2856:
2855:
2853:Urban forestry
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2789:
2788:
2775:
2773:
2769:
2768:
2766:
2765:
2758:
2751:
2744:
2737:
2730:
2723:
2715:
2712:
2711:
2704:
2703:
2696:
2689:
2681:
2672:
2671:
2669:
2668:
2656:
2644:
2632:
2617:
2614:
2613:
2610:
2609:
2606:
2605:
2603:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2586:
2585:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2559:
2557:
2553:
2552:
2550:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2508:
2507:
2497:
2495:Cloud feedback
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2476:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2450:
2444:
2442:
2438:
2437:
2435:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2413:
2411:
2403:
2402:
2392:
2391:
2388:
2387:
2384:
2383:
2381:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2369:
2368:
2363:
2353:
2351:Kyoto Protocol
2348:
2342:
2340:
2336:
2335:
2333:
2332:
2327:
2326:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2305:
2303:Media coverage
2300:
2295:
2293:Climate spiral
2290:
2285:
2279:
2277:
2271:
2270:
2268:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2201:
2199:
2193:
2192:
2190:
2189:
2184:
2182:Public opinion
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2148:
2147:
2137:
2132:
2130:Climate action
2127:
2121:
2119:
2111:
2110:
2097:
2096:
2093:
2092:
2089:
2088:
2086:
2085:
2084:
2083:
2072:
2070:
2066:
2065:
2063:
2062:
2057:
2051:
2050:
2049:
2044:
2042:REDD and REDD+
2039:
2034:
2026:
2021:
2019:Carbon farming
2016:
2015:
2014:
2009:
1999:
1993:
1991:
1983:
1982:
1980:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1963:
1962:
1952:
1946:
1944:
1940:
1939:
1937:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1880:
1879:
1869:
1864:
1858:
1856:
1846:
1845:
1833:
1832:
1829:
1828:
1825:
1824:
1822:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1765:
1763:
1757:
1756:
1754:
1753:
1751:Water security
1748:
1746:Water scarcity
1743:
1741:Urban flooding
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1702:
1701:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1680:
1679:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1633:
1632:
1627:
1616:
1614:
1610:
1609:
1607:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1589:Forest dieback
1586:
1581:
1576:
1575:
1574:
1563:
1561:
1557:
1556:
1554:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1526:Sea level rise
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1507:
1506:
1501:
1499:stratification
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1471:
1470:
1469:
1464:
1454:
1453:
1452:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1406:
1404:
1396:
1395:
1383:
1382:
1379:
1378:
1376:
1375:
1374:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1309:
1306:
1305:
1295:
1294:
1291:
1290:
1287:
1286:
1284:
1283:
1278:
1277:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1264:Carbon leakage
1261:
1256:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1230:
1228:
1224:
1223:
1221:
1220:
1215:
1205:
1203:Climate system
1199:
1197:
1189:
1188:
1176:
1175:
1172:
1171:
1169:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1142:
1139:
1138:
1128:
1127:
1124:Climate change
1120:
1119:
1112:
1105:
1097:
1091:
1090:
1085:
1074:
1073:External links
1071:
1069:
1068:
1044:
1029:
1011:
986:
908:
872:
861:(2): 329-353.
838:
813:
771:
752:
748:
738:
714:
668:
645:
618:
590:
583:
562:
553:
544:
516:
501:
483:
457:
440:
420:
399:
370:
368:
365:
364:
363:
357:
351:
345:
339:
333:
327:
319:
316:
302:
299:
280:
277:
260:
246:
242:
238:
231:
216:climate change
211:
199:
196:
161:Kyoto Protocol
131:United Nations
126:
123:
99:carbon dioxide
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4119:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4089:
4087:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4066:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4026:
4024:
4020:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4008:Reforestation
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3945:Afforestation
3943:
3942:
3940:
3936:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3884:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3859:Aridification
3857:
3856:
3854:
3852:
3848:
3843:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3802:Deforestation
3800:
3798:
3795:
3794:
3792:
3790:
3789:Deforestation
3786:
3782:
3778:
3777:Deforestation
3771:
3766:
3764:
3759:
3757:
3752:
3751:
3748:
3736:
3728:
3726:
3718:
3716:
3715:
3710:
3704:
3702:
3701:
3696:
3690:
3688:
3687:
3682:
3676:
3674:
3673:
3662:
3660:
3659:
3648:
3646:
3645:
3634:
3632:
3631:
3622:
3621:
3618:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3591:Rubber tapper
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3536:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3519:Choker setter
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3501:
3499:
3495:
3487:
3484:
3483:
3482:
3479:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3451:
3450:
3447:
3443:
3440:
3439:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3387:
3386:
3383:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3360:
3359:
3358:Manufacturing
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3335:
3333:
3331:
3327:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3299:
3298:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3281:
3277:
3276:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3258:
3255:
3254:
3253:
3250:
3246:
3243:
3242:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3195:Deforestation
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3177:
3175:
3171:Environmental
3169:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3142:
3141:
3138:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3125:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3107:
3104:
3103:
3102:
3099:
3095:
3092:
3091:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3073:
3072:reforestation
3070:
3068:
3067:afforestation
3065:
3064:
3063:
3060:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3022:
3021:
3018:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2940:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2888:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2876:Arboriculture
2874:
2873:
2871:
2869:
2864:
2860:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2828:Permaforestry
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2787:
2786:
2782:
2781:
2780:
2777:
2776:
2774:
2770:
2764:
2763:
2759:
2757:
2756:
2752:
2750:
2749:
2745:
2743:
2742:
2738:
2736:
2735:
2731:
2729:
2728:
2724:
2722:
2721:
2717:
2716:
2713:
2709:
2702:
2697:
2695:
2690:
2688:
2683:
2682:
2679:
2667:
2666:
2657:
2655:
2654:
2645:
2643:
2642:
2633:
2631:
2630:
2619:
2618:
2615:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2584:
2581:
2580:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2568:Climate model
2566:
2564:
2561:
2560:
2558:
2554:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2506:
2503:
2502:
2501:
2500:Cloud forcing
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2455:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2445:
2443:
2439:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2414:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2397:
2393:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2358:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2343:
2341:
2337:
2331:
2328:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2310:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2280:
2278:
2276:
2275:Communication
2272:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2255:Vulnerability
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2225:Flood control
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2202:
2200:
2198:
2194:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2146:
2143:
2142:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2122:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2102:
2098:
2082:
2079:
2078:
2077:
2074:
2073:
2071:
2067:
2061:
2058:
2055:
2052:
2048:
2047:reforestation
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2032:afforestation
2030:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2004:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1994:
1992:
1990:
1984:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1967:Nuclear power
1965:
1961:
1958:
1957:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1947:
1945:
1941:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1878:
1875:
1874:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1862:Carbon budget
1860:
1859:
1857:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1838:
1834:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1766:
1764:
1762:
1758:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1700:
1699:Mental health
1697:
1696:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1678:
1675:
1674:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1631:
1630:United States
1628:
1626:
1623:
1622:
1621:
1618:
1617:
1615:
1611:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1573:
1570:
1569:
1568:
1565:
1564:
1562:
1558:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1484:deoxygenation
1482:
1480:
1479:acidification
1477:
1476:
1475:
1472:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1459:
1458:
1455:
1451:
1448:
1447:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1407:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1388:
1384:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1343:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1310:
1307:
1300:
1296:
1282:
1279:
1275:
1274:from wetlands
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1251:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1234:Deforestation
1232:
1231:
1229:
1225:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1200:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1181:
1177:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1143:
1140:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1118:
1113:
1111:
1106:
1104:
1099:
1098:
1095:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1080:
1077:
1076:
1058:
1054:
1048:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1026:
1022:
1015:
1000:
996:
990:
983:
978:
972:
968:
963:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
915:
913:
903:
898:
894:
890:
883:
876:
868:
864:
860:
856:
849:
842:
827:
823:
817:
809:
805:
800:
795:
791:
787:
783:
775:
760:
756:
747:"Comparing CO
742:
728:
724:
718:
710:
706:
701:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
672:
655:
649:
635:
631:
625:
623:
613:
609:
606:(4): 353–69.
605:
601:
594:
586:
580:
576:
572:
566:
557:
548:
540:
536:
529:
528:
520:
512:
508:
504:
502:9781107648357
498:
494:
487:
473:
472:
467:
461:
454:
450:
444:
430:
424:
417:
413:
409:
403:
396:
389:
382:
375:
371:
361:
358:
355:
352:
349:
346:
343:
340:
337:
334:
331:
328:
325:
322:
321:
315:
312:
308:
298:
296:
285:
276:
274:
270:
266:
257:
255:
250:
235:
229:
225:
221:
217:
204:
195:
193:
192:afforestation
189:
188:reforestation
185:
184:deforestation
180:
179:Kyoto Parties
175:
171:
169:
164:
162:
158:
153:
151:
149:
141:
139:
135:
132:
122:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
91:
90:activities."
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
36:
30:
26:
22:
4092:Biodiversity
4063:
4003:Oasification
3705:
3691:
3677:
3663:
3649:
3635:
3628:
3606:Tree planter
3586:Resin tapper
3566:Truck driver
3561:River driver
3310:Tree hugging
3295:
3278:
3245:timber mafia
3235:High grading
3220:Ghost forest
3190:Clearcutting
3113:Silviculture
3089:Horticulture
2933:Fire ecology
2848:Urban forest
2823:Mycoforestry
2783:
2779:Agroforestry
2760:
2753:
2746:
2739:
2732:
2727:Forest areas
2725:
2718:
2663:
2651:
2639:
2620:
2453:Carbon cycle
2410:Measurements
2105:Society and
2053:
1989:carbon sinks
1894:Climate debt
1884:Carbon price
1706:Human rights
1531:Season creep
1489:heat content
1415:Anoxic event
1328:James Hansen
1060:. Retrieved
1057:www.ahrq.gov
1056:
1047:
1020:
1014:
1002:. Retrieved
998:
989:
928:
924:
892:
888:
875:
858:
854:
841:
830:. Retrieved
828:. 2016-11-23
825:
816:
789:
785:
774:
762:. Retrieved
758:
741:
730:. Retrieved
726:
717:
700:10261/336676
682:
678:
671:
660:. Retrieved
648:
637:. Retrieved
633:
603:
599:
593:
565:
556:
547:
526:
519:
492:
486:
475:. Retrieved
469:
460:
443:
432:. Retrieved
423:
415:
402:
394:
374:
304:
295:global trade
291:
258:
251:
236:
209:
176:
172:
165:
154:
150:and forestry
145:
142:
128:
119:biodiversity
95:carbon cycle
92:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
43:
42:
4065:Terra preta
3968:Ecoforestry
3892:Gobi Desert
3883:By region:
3630:WikiProject
3554:smokejumper
3534:Firefighter
3497:Occupations
3481:Woodworking
3062:Forestation
2993:restoration
2948:informatics
2813:Ecoforestry
2480:Carbon sink
2458:atmospheric
2323:video games
1997:Blue carbon
1620:Agriculture
1599:Marine life
1546:Water cycle
1504:temperature
1239:Fossil fuel
931:(1): 2501.
685:: 144–152.
125:Development
4086:Categories
4071:Wilderness
3938:Mitigation
3912:Mauritania
3576:Lumberjack
3571:Log scaler
3454:engineered
3405:non-timber
3378:sawmilling
3330:Industries
3297:svedjebruk
3008:transition
2988:protection
2978:old-growth
2963:governance
2918:Dendrology
2868:management
2734:Ministries
2512:Cryosphere
2473:permafrost
2245:Resilience
2197:Adaptation
2172:Litigation
2162:Governance
2107:adaptation
1889:Carbon tax
1842:Mitigation
1779:Antarctica
1667:Disability
1062:2023-10-19
832:2020-04-06
764:26 January
732:2020-10-19
662:2010-04-29
639:2020-04-22
634:unfccc.int
584:4887880030
573:(Report).
477:2020-04-06
434:2023-10-26
367:References
311:adaptation
288:1960–2019.
152:(LULUCF).
146:land use,
3797:Assarting
3524:Ecologist
3437:Tree farm
3338:Coppicing
3280:chitemene
3180:Acid rain
3128:allometry
3050:SmartWood
2998:secondary
2983:pathology
2958:inventory
2896:driftwood
2762:Arbor Day
2527:Feedbacks
2298:Education
1799:Caribbean
1794:Australia
1721:Migration
1684:Fisheries
1625:Livestock
1551:Wildfires
1457:Heat wave
1039:824780474
982:CC BY 4.0
953:2041-1723
808:1866-3508
616:at p. 354
511:823505307
72:emissions
4107:Land use
4034:Forestry
3917:Mongolia
3725:Category
3539:handcrew
3509:Arborist
3504:Forester
3464:mahogany
3410:palm oil
3400:charcoal
3385:Products
3320:Wildfire
3133:breeding
3094:GM trees
2943:dynamics
2755:Journals
2748:Colleges
2708:Forestry
2653:Glossary
2641:Category
2463:biologic
2177:Politics
2069:Personal
1774:Americas
1637:Children
1403:Physical
1196:Overview
1136:Overview
999:phys.org
971:33976120
709:92606851
577:. 2003.
533:. 2022.
412:Archived
388:Archived
354:Satoyama
348:Land use
318:See also
170:(IPCC).
115:land use
88:forestry
80:land use
29:Forestry
21:Land use
3953:Biochar
3897:Lebanon
3735:Outline
3549:lookout
3544:hotshot
3425:tanbark
3395:biomass
3390:biochar
3368:plywood
3353:Logging
3257:wilding
2906:log jam
2863:Ecology
2468:oceanic
2318:fiction
2167:Justice
2118:Society
1726:Poverty
1435:Drought
1303:History
1227:Sources
1004:13 June
962:8113269
933:Bibcode
755:levels"
727:ipcc.ch
107:climate
3581:Ranger
3529:Feller
3514:Bucker
3420:rubber
3363:lumber
3173:topics
3160:volume
3155:height
3101:i-Tree
2938:Forest
2891:coarse
2886:Debris
2785:dehesa
2448:Albedo
2441:Theory
2152:Denial
1943:Energy
1804:Europe
1784:Arctic
1769:Africa
1694:Health
1689:Gender
1642:Cities
1567:Biomes
1474:Oceans
1462:Marine
1185:Causes
1083:UNFCCC
1037:
1027:
969:
959:
951:
806:
707:
581:
509:
499:
471:UNFCCC
451:. In:
265:albedo
224:forest
103:carbon
86:, and
64:AFOLU)
48:LULUCF
27:, and
3927:Yemen
3922:Sahel
3902:Libya
3887:China
3415:rayon
3150:girth
3145:crown
3106:urban
3003:stand
2911:slash
2901:large
2772:Types
2720:Index
2665:Index
2427:Proxy
2187:Women
1652:Crime
1579:Birds
1445:Flood
885:(PDF)
851:(PDF)
705:S2CID
657:(PDF)
531:(PDF)
391:(PDF)
384:(PDF)
58:) or
3907:Mali
3779:and
3474:teak
3459:fuel
3449:Wood
3269:REDD
3123:Tree
3040:PEFC
3025:ATFS
2250:Risk
1789:Asia
1371:2024
1366:2023
1361:2022
1356:2021
1351:2020
1346:2019
1035:OCLC
1025:ISBN
1006:2021
967:PMID
949:ISSN
804:ISSN
766:2020
579:ISBN
507:OCLC
497:ISBN
267:and
220:IPCC
190:and
129:The
74:and
56:FOLU
3045:SFI
3035:FSC
3030:CFS
2968:law
2953:IPM
2865:and
2313:art
1081:at
957:PMC
941:doi
897:doi
863:doi
794:doi
695:hdl
687:doi
683:129
608:doi
535:doi
241:(CO
140:."
4088::
1055:.
1033:.
997:.
965:.
955:.
947:.
939:.
929:12
927:.
923:.
911:^
893:37
891:.
887:.
859:84
857:.
853:.
824:.
802:.
790:14
788:.
784:.
757:.
725:.
703:.
693:.
681:.
632:.
621:^
604:10
602:.
505:.
468:.
228:Gt
218:.
186:,
121:.
23:,
3769:e
3762:t
3755:v
2700:e
2693:t
2686:v
1214:)
1210:(
1116:e
1109:t
1102:v
1065:.
1041:.
1008:.
984:.
973:.
943::
935::
905:.
899::
869:.
865::
835:.
810:.
796::
768:.
753:2
749:2
735:.
711:.
697::
689::
665:.
642:.
614:.
610::
587:.
541:.
537::
513:.
480:.
437:.
261:2
247:2
243:2
239:2
232:2
212:2
62:(
54:(
46:(
31:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
