Landing at Cape Helles

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Hamilton leaving discretion to his subordinate, since Hunter-Weston was ordered to divert part of the main force from V to W Beach at noon. Conditions at V Beach were not known to Hamilton, until he had been in contact with Hunter-Weston and interfering with the landing plan, could have added to the delays in landing troops. Hunter-Weston concentrated on the landings at V and W beaches and later on Hill 138, which was consistent with the tendency of generals on the Western Front to dwell on areas where enemy resistance was strongest and to reinforce failure. Travers wrote that the French landing at Kum Kale had been overlooked yet had been one of the most successful, despite initial Ottoman confidence that the landing would be defeated by the four battalions concentrated nearby. The Ottoman XV Corps commander General Weber Pasha was criticised for being unprepared, poor communications, tactics and leadership, when fighting in flatter terrain than that on the peninsula, on which the French artillery was able to dominate the Ottoman infantry. Despite this advantage, the French advance was stopped by the Ottomans on 26 April, in a costly defensive action.

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back for emergencies. The initial landing party was not under the command of Brigadier-General W. R. Marshall and the main force had no instructions, to participate in its second phase advance to a line from Y Beach to Sedd el Bahr. No news had arrived of the other landings and the easy arrival at X Beach, led to him expecting soon to be joined by the troops from W and V beaches. Marshall climbed the cliff and during a briefing, received a message requesting assistance from the left flank so sent the reserve company. Marshall ordered the Borderers to the top of the cliff and then sent a company to assist the troops on Hill 114. Soon afterwards, British troops were seen retreating on the left, pursued by Ottoman infantry and Marshall began to order a counter-charge when he was wounded and Major C. D. Vaughan killed.

1131: 1616:. The front along the beach was long and had numerous gaps, with the left flank engaged with the Ottoman defenders. With no reconnaissance possible before the landing and only one inaccurate map to read, the value of the view from the cliffs above the beach had not been appreciated beforehand. The landward slopes of hills 138 and 141 were easily visible and within reach of an advance from X Beach, which might have cut off the defenders of W Beach. S Beach at Morto Bay 2 miles (3.2 km) away was also visible but the landing force on X Beach concentrated on the landing. Few of the officers in the X Beach party knew of the landing at S Beach and no messages were passed between them during the day. 6685: 229: 218: 186: 2062:

point that the main landings had revealed in the Ottoman defences, Helles and Sedd el Bahr would have fallen by midday. Such a manoeuvre would have needed good communication between land and sea but the difficulty was underestimated and hampered British operations all day. The obvious difficulties of moving troops in open boats by instalments had been distracting, particularly the moments between disembarkation and reaching the shore, despite the confidence of the navy in its plans for bombardment. The apprehension was justified and the landing at V Beach was only saved from catastrophe by the covering fire of the machine-guns on

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covered the Ottoman forts in the Narrows and which ran in a semicircle most of the width of the peninsula, between Maidos and Soghanli Dere. The plateau ran from Kilitbahir westwards for about 4 miles (6.4 km) was about 2 miles (3.2 km) wide at its broadest point and 600–800 feet (180–240 m) high. The Ottomans had entrenched and wired the plateau and extended the fortifications south to Kakma Dagh ridge on the Straits and north to Gaba Tepe, forming a defensive line where the peninsula was 5 miles (8.0 km) wide and which dominated the Kilia plain to the south-west.

862:, deployed its forces according to the new defence scheme, creating a northern zone from the mouth of Aghyl Dere, north of Ari Burnu to Semerly Tepe, occupied by the 27th Regiment and some mountain artillery and a southern zone from Semerly Tepe to Sedd el Bahr, garrisoned by the 26th Regiment. The 25th Regiment was placed in reserve on the Kilid Bahr plateau near Serafim Farm, able to intervene in either zone. In the northern defence zone, the 27th Regiment commander Lieutenant-Colonel Ali Chefik Bey put the 2nd Battalion on the coast, with two 206: 1577: 79: 924:, where the navy could provide support from three sides a covering force of the 86th Brigade and additional units would land and secure the beaches, then the main force would follow up and advance to the first day objectives, the village of Krithia and the hill of Achi Baba. Five beaches were selected for the landing, from east (inside the straits) to west (on the Aegean coast), S, V, W, X and Y beaches. V and W beaches were the main landings at the tip of the peninsula, either side of Cape Helles. 158: 709: 1860:, two destroyers and several trawlers made rendezvous off Bulair before dawn. The warships began a day-long bombardment just after first light and a destroyer made a close pass off the beach. Later on, ships' boats were swung out from the troopships and lines of eight cutters pulled by trawlers, made as if to land. In the late afternoon men began to embark on the boats, which headed for the shore just before dark and returned after nightfall. During the night, Lieutenant-Commander 903: 1652:

easy access to the top. The area was undefended and the nearest Ottoman troops were two platoons 1-mile (1.6 km) south near Gully Ravine, a platoon of the 2nd Battalion, 26th Regiment at Sari Tepe and the 25th Regiment at Serafim Farm, 5 miles (8.0 km) away. The 1st Battalion, 26th Regiment was stationed between Semerly Tepe and Sari Tepe, 1.75 miles (2.82 km) north of Y Beach but was held back to guard against another landing for two days. The cruisers

1198: 931:(RND) less two battalions, was to make a demonstration at the narrowest point of the peninsula, to induce the Ottomans to retain forces in the area during the main landings. A naval covering force would bombard the Bulair defences all day and one ship would make a close reconnaissance, with the transports visible in the background. To the south of the landings around Cape Helles, on the Asiatic shore at Kum Kale, a French regiment of the 920:, commander of the MEF chose to make two landings with two diversions. The Anzac Corps would make a surprise landing between Gaba Tepe and Fisherman's Hut, with the covering force landing just before dawn, with no preliminary bombardment. After consolidating the left flank the force was to advance eastwards towards Maidos to cut Ottoman communications with the garrisons further south. On the Gallipoli peninsula on either side of 1016: 1522:

another platoon 0.5-mile (0.80 km) inland. Four trawlers, each with six lifeboats in tow, made slow progress against the Dardanelles current and mine sweepers in the Straits but Ottoman artillery on the Asiatic shore fired at other targets and the trawlers came inshore without incident and when the trawlers reached the shallows the tows were cast off. The landing party of three companies of the 2nd Battalion,

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houses and captured two machine-guns. The French re-captured the houses but an attempt to get the guns back was another costly failure. The French concluded that the surrender had been genuine but had then been infiltrated by other troops conducting a ruse. The French shot nine prisoners in reprisal. During the day the Ottoman commander requested reinforcements. By the end of the diversion, French casualties were

1880: 2066:; defeat at W Beach was only averted by turning the Ottoman right flank. Lack of experience of opposed landings under modern conditions, made it difficult to rally scattered units and the challenge of organising an advance inland was underestimated. It had been a mistake not to stress to all members of the landing force, that there would be little time to move inland before Ottoman reinforcements arrived. 1347:. The ridge beyond the centre of the beach was commanded by entrenchments on higher ground to the north-east and south-west and 600 yards (550 m) away lay one of two redoubts close to Hill 138, both extensively wired and behind slopes with no cover. Another barbed-wire entanglement ran from the southern redoubt to the cliffs near a lighthouse which blocked an advance from W Beach towards V Beach. 1809:

re-embarkation had begun and some stragglers climbed aboard the boats. Unknown to Matthews and the troops on the heights who had spent the night repulsing Ottoman infantry attacks, the evacuation had already begun. A few minutes later Matthews signalled that the ships should fire 1,000 yards (910 m) beyond the cliff edge, onto Ottoman troops who were massing for another attack, which began at

2277:. In August, three medals were awarded after a second recommendation by Hunter-Weston; under the original 1856 warrant establishing the award, up to four VCs could be awarded as a result of balloting the units involved. Hunter-Weston stated that a vote had been held and Willis was selected by the officers, Richards by the NCOs and Kenealy by the private soldiers. The awards were published in the 1118:, led men outside to manhandle three lighters (transport boats) on the starboard side, forward instead. Two companies of Munsters emerged from the sally ports, covered by the machine-guns on the bow and moved down the gangways to reach the shore but many were hit by bullets. Some troops managed to get ashore and others were drowned due to the weight of their equipment. Around 537:. V and W beaches became bloodbaths, despite the meager defences, while the easy landings at other sites were not exploited. Although the British managed to gain a foothold, their plans were in disarray. For two months, the British fought costly battles to reach their first day objectives but they were eventually defeated by the Ottoman defenders. 2179:

encountered, in some places the advance was stopped and at others kept moving, leaving both sides outflanked, which was more of a disadvantage to the attackers. As the British and French advanced, the terrain became more difficult, as the troops reached four great ravines, which ran from the heights around Achi Baba towards the cape.

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Regiment, gave orders to drive the British into the sea, a simple instruction which all could understand. The company at Sedd el Bahr endured the naval guns and held on to the position all day, being reinforced by about two companies. Overnight, the small parties of Ottoman infantry at W and X beaches contained the British and by

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From the ships the retirement could not be seen and digging in on the new positions was slowed, because entangled roots lay under the surface and the heavy digging implements were still on the beach, which resulted in the entrenchments being little more than 18 inches (0.46 m) deep by late afternoon.

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In 1929, C. F. Aspinall-Oglander, the British Official Historian wrote that in the course of the Gallipoli campaign, the MEF failed to reach its first day objectives but that the plan to advance to Achi Baba had a reasonable chance of success. He wrote that the main reason for the failure, lay in the

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Y Beach was a considerable distance north along the Aegean coast, close to Krithia and behind most of the Ottoman defences at Cape Helles. The sea at the shore was deep enough for boats to sail within a few yards and the coast was a steep cliff about 150 feet (46 m) high, with two gullies giving

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Marshall contacted Hunter-Weston offering to advance to Y Beach but was ordered to wait until morning and complete the original plan. An order then arrived from W Beach from Wolley-Dod to advance the right flank towards X Beach and gain touch but this was not possible as the Ottomans counter-attacked

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troops nearby, the commander continued to consolidate the position, rather than attack the rear of the Ottoman position at Sedd el Bahr. It was later found that the only Ottoman troops near the landing was a company less the platoon killed and captured during the landing and another company sent from

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and prepared to attack Hill 138 with the survivors of the first wave. An inaccurate map caused delay as Hill 138 turned out to have another crest 400 yards (370 m) to the south-west crowned with another redoubt. During the landing, compasses, binoculars and watches had been soaked which added to

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W Beach lay on the coast to the north-west of Cape Helles, just south of Tekke Burnu, the site of a small gully. An infantry company from the 3rd Battalion of the 26th Regiment defended the beach, which was about 350 yards (320 m) long and from fifteen–forty yards (14–37 m) wide, with steep

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In the central "Krithia sector", the 2nd Battalion covered the area from Sari Tepe, to the mouth of Gully Ravine and from Sedd el Bahr to the mouth of Tenkir Dere. One company was placed on the Aegean coast and one near Morto Bay, the other two were put in reserve at Kanli Dere, south-east of Krithia

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headquarters. On arrival at Gallipoli, Liman ordered that the garrisons in the peninsula be concentrated and the 5th and 7th divisions were moved to Bulair. The 9th Division was deployed in the southern part of the peninsula, from Suvla Bay to Sedd el Bahr and the 11th Division garrisoned the Asiatic

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as a figurehead Sultan. The new regime implemented a program of reform to modernise the political and economic system and redefine the national character of the empire. Germany provided significant investment and its diplomats gained more influence at British expense, previously the predominant power

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and Achi Baba from the south and west. The plan was poorly communicated to the brigade and battalion commanders of the 29th Division. Hunter-Weston remained in the rear and was not able to exert any control as the attack developed. The initial advance was swift but pockets of Ottoman resistance were

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By 27 April, the French had landed on the right flank of the British at Helles. After the landings, the Ottoman commander, General Weber Pasha was criticised for being caught unprepared, poor tactics, communication failures and leadership, although the flat terrain had made accurate bombardment from

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the attackers by a bayonet charge, which ended the threat to the beachhead. The initial Ottoman breakthrough had caused a panic behind the British defenders, which was reflected in signals received by the ships. After the attack had been repulsed, Matthews toured the positions on the right flank and

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but nothing from W Beach or divisional headquarters. It could be seen that the troops on W and V beaches had been delayed because Ottoman soldiers were still holding hills 141 and 138, although in unknown strength. Marshall was certain of his instructions regarding the reserve battalions and ordered

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As the British pushed inland, they came close to a locality where two Ottoman reserve companies were bivouacked. One company had been sent towards W Beach and met the British advance from X Beach. The British commander Lieutenant-Colonel H. E. B. Newenham, ordered an attack to the north-east to form

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British awaited fresh orders, which were not forthcoming, due to the loss of the commander of the landing force and the difficulties in communication with the headquarters staffs still afloat. The plan for a combined advance to the second objective broke down and there was no-one ashore to devise an

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the Ottomans at the fort and on the flank under Sergeant Yaha were forced back. The battalion lost half of its men and the morale of many of the survivors collapsed next day when outflanked by the troops on S Beach. The Ottomans retired rapidly up the Kirte and Kandilere river beds, abandoning about

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would land temporarily at the same time as the 29th Division at Cape Helles, to distract Ottoman artillery on the Asiatic shore, confuse the Ottoman command and delay the dispatch of reinforcements from the Asia to Gallipoli, before withdrawing to join the main landings on the peninsula. Despite the

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The purpose of the military operation was to assist the fleet to force the Straits, by taking from the rear the Ottoman forts on the European side of the Narrows and to obtain a vantage point, from which the forts on the Asiatic side could be dominated. The objective was the Kilitbahir plateau which

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The six men were originally nominated by Major Bishop, the battalion commanding officer, after consulting "the officers who happened to be with him at the time and who did not include either of the officers awarded the Cross". Initially, the recommendation was endorsed by Hunter-Weston and Hamilton

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headquarters of the 29th Division had been excellent but left very little discretion, should the landings not meet equal success. The commanders on Y and S beaches had been ordered to wait for the advance from the main beaches and join in the attack on Achi Baba. No provision was made for an attack

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The Ottoman garrison was detained in the area until 27 April, although the Turkish Official Account recorded that the landings at Kum Kale and the demonstration at Besika Bay had been recognised as ruses. Transfers of troops from the Asiatic shore was delayed by lack of boats and the fear of Allied

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and then after a difficult advance through barbed wire, took the second redoubt unopposed and with few casualties after the garrison retreated. The fall of the two redoubts enabled the troops pinned down near the lighthouse to advance towards V Beach until more wire was encountered. Troops tried to

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lifted their bombardment ten minutes before the British landed and the Ottoman infantry had been able to emerge from cover. The survivors jumped from the cutters and tried to rush ashore but many leapt into deep water and sank under the weight of their equipment. The preliminary bombardment had not

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four weeks after being raised, having been stranded at Mudros when its ship ran aground. The corps was embarked in the same ship as the 9th Mule Corps bound for Gaba Tepe and so a detour to Helles was ordered. The mule corps was disembarked under artillery fire from the Asiatic shore, with help of

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The failure to contemplate the possibility, that the troops at Y and S beaches might need to support the main landings, also exposed the failure to retain a reserve under the control of the Commander-in-Chief. Oglander speculated that had there been two battalions available, to land at the weakest

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the British had got far enough inland to deny the Ottomans observation over the area. On the northern flank, Brigadier-General Hare and the others who had outflanked the Ottoman defences to the north, advanced towards X Beach but after 200 yards (180 m) were engaged from Hill 114 and Hare was

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was needed to bombard V Beach, Hamilton was isolated there, from the afternoon to the evening of 25 April, incapable of intervening anywhere else. Oglander suggested that a separate communications vessel should have been prepared for the army and navy staffs, equipped with signalling apparatus to

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with no sign of an advance from the cape Matthews withdrew from the ravine and began to dig in again on the cliff top. Dead ground around the landing site forced the British to establish a lengthy perimeter, along which the 29th Division troops were placed in the centre and marines on the flanks.

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with little interruption by the Ottomans, apart from the sound of firing on the left flank. Two of the main force battalions had been withdrawn from the landing, to reinforce the landings at Y and S beaches and the 1st Border and 1st Inniskilling battalions were the divisional reserve, to be held

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The Ottoman defenders had an advantage in fighting from prepared positions, in the absence of surprise or accurate covering fire from the ships but experienced problems with communication and found that the artillery was out of range of the beach. Major Mahmut, the commander of the 3rd Battalion,

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of the Imperial German Navy. On 27 September, the German commander of the Dardanelles fortifications unilaterally ordered the passage to be closed, adding to the impression that the Ottomans were pro-German. The German naval presence and the success of German armies in Europe, gave the pro-German

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During the night the Ottoman defenders counter-attacked and for a time the naval commander called for boats to re-embark the Fusiliers amidst much confusion and straggling towards the beach. Working parties were ordered into trenches and according to some witnesses a rout was only avoided by the

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failed, leaving the survivors stranded until 26 April. The landing at Y Beach was a success because it was unopposed, yet the difficulty of bombarding the high ground was the cause of much of the British difficulty. Travers also listed inexperience and technical inadequacy, which left the senior

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The landings at S, X, Y and Kum Kale were the most successful, through surprise, close naval support and the inability of the Ottomans to garrison all of the coast, only the most obviously vulnerable points. The main landings at V and W beaches were the most costly. Naval ships which moved close

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In 2001, Travers wrote that the fire power of the modern Ottoman weapons and resilience of field fortifications, caused many Allied losses, particularly at V and W beaches. There was much criticism of Hamilton, for not ordering Hunter-Weston to send more troops to Y Beach but this was not due to

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advanced with white flags and dropped their weapons. Ottoman and French troops mingled, officers began to parlay and suddenly Capitaine Roeckel was abducted. French troops resumed hostilities but the French and Ottoman infantry were still mixed up and some Ottomans slipped past, occupied several

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that the disaster at V Beach was reported to Colonel Wolley-Dod on W Beach, who ordered the troops at the two redoubts to capture the cliff above V Beach. The troops were already advancing to Fort No 1. but the Ottoman defenders at V Beach swiftly stopped the advance and the troops dug in, which

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diverted towards the north side of the bay and landed unopposed. A small party climbed the cliff and occupied a trench on the top, drove off an Ottoman counter-attack and then engaged the Ottoman troops on the northern flank of the beach. Ottoman small-arms fire against the main landing began to

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RNAS, with 18 aircraft, flew in support of the operation at Helles. Standing patrols were maintained over Helles and the Asiatic coast, in perfect flying weather, each pilot making three sorties during the day, beginning at dawn. As soon as Ottoman artillery replied to the landings, the aircraft

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in 1914, German diplomats offered an anti-Russian alliance and territorial gains in Caucasia, north-west Iran and Trans-Caspia. The pro-British faction in the Cabinet was isolated, due to the British ambassador taking leave until 18 August. As the crisis deepened in Europe, Ottoman policy was to

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The stress and exhaustion of the landings and the unknown nature of the environment ashore combined with officer casualties left some of the units of the 29th Division to be in great difficulty by the afternoon, unaware that the Ottoman defenders were in an equally demoralised state. Before the

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battalions of the covering force, which landed at X, W and V beaches. Oglander also wrote that making landings on small beaches with few boats, required elaborate and rigid instructions, if the passage from ship to shore was to be efficient and the plans laid by the army and navy staffs and the

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The lack of surprise was compensated for by the long bombardment, on terrain much flatter than that of the peninsula and most of the Ottoman troops were so shaken by the time of the landing, that they had retired across the river. The fort and village of Kum Kale were swiftly occupied with few

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S Beach lay inside the Straits at a small break in the cliffs at the north end of Morto Bay, two miles (3.2 km) from V Beach. On top of the cliff lay de Tott's Battery, a derelict fortification. No defences had been prepared in the area and only one Ottoman platoon guarded the beach, with

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guns further inland; the 1st and 3rd battalions were held in reserve near Maidos (until bombed on 23 April, after which they were moved to an area within 1.5 miles (2.4 km) of Gaba Tepe). In the southern defence zone, Lieutenant-Colonel Kadri Bey the 26th Regiment commander, created three

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against a maximum of two Ottoman battalions and Oglander wrote that the failure at V Beach caused the failure of the British plan to reach Achi Baba. The Ottoman defenders were too few to defeat the invasion but the leadership of Sami Bey, who sent the few reinforcements available to the 26th

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all of the troops on the beach had left and the rearguard withdrew from the cliff and was rowed away within thirty minutes. During the departure, no gunfire was received from the Ottoman troops in the vicinity and when a naval officer led a party of marines ashore in the afternoon to look for

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Hamilton ordered that the troops bound for V Beach be diverted to W Beach. Many casualties were incurred by the first reinforcements from long-range rifle fire as they approached the beach but were then obscured by the cliffs and were able to land and move between the flanks of the Lancashire

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the beach and killed many of the men in the boats, some of which drifted away with no survivors. Many more casualties were suffered as the Dubliners waded ashore and some wounded men drowned. The survivors found shelter under the bank on the far side of the beach but most of the landing boats

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and the Royal Dublin Fusiliers; the site became known as "Gurkha Bluff". Exhausted, demoralised and virtually leaderless British troops could go no further, in the face of increasing Ottoman resistance and in places, Ottoman counter-attacks drove the French and British back to their starting

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which were being built for the Ottoman Navy in British shipyards, alienating supporters of the British in Constantinople, despite the offer of compensation if they remained neutral. During the strained diplomatic relations between the two empires, the German government offered two cruisers,

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the confusion. Two parties attacked the redoubts but were repulsed as troops on the left flank fought up the gully leading from the beach towards Hill 114, which was also attacked from X Beach. Ottoman prisoners taken near W Beach reported that there was only one division south of Krithia.

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howitzers commanded the Straits. The southern "Sedd el Bahr sector", ran from Gully Beach to Sedd el Bahr and was garrisoned by the 3rd Battalion and a company of engineers which were working on the beach defences. One company guarded W Beach, a company was placed at Sedd el Bahr with four

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the ships received a request for help from a party ashore, which had run out of ammunition and was the first indication that things were amiss. Boats sent to the beach to re-embark the party and its wounded were seen by other troops on the beach, the impression was formed that a general

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X Beach was 200 yards (180 m) long under a low crumbling cliff on the Aegean shore around from W Beach, about 1-mile (1.6 km) above Tekke Burnu. No Ottoman defences had been built and only twelve soldiers guarded the beach. The Ottoman party was stunned by the bombardment from

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an advance began towards Yeni Shehr and the Orkanie Mound, where the advances were stopped by the Ottoman defenders. An observation aircraft reported that reinforcements had arrived and the attempt was abandoned. During the night the French illuminated the area with searchlights and

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Liman emphasised a policy of mobile defence by the divisions in the three defensive areas, rather than persist with the attempt to guard the coast with continuous defences and the redeployment was carried out by night, to evade scrutiny by Allied reconnaissance aircraft. The

674:. Russia declared war on Turkey on 2 November, the next day the British ambassador left Constantinople and a British naval squadron off the Dardanelles bombarded the outer forts at Kum Kale and Seddulbahir. A shell hit a magazine, knocked the guns off their mounts and killed 1034:

castle (Fort No. 3) was on the right looking from the sea; Hill 141 was further inland. The beach had been wired and was defended by about a company of men from the 3rd Battalion of the 26th Regiment, equipped with four Maxim guns. The first ashore was the 1st Battalion,

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volunteers from the 9th Mule Corps and began carrying supplies forward immediately. In May, Private M. Groushkowsky prevented his mules from stampeding under heavy bombardment and despite being wounded in both arms, delivered the ammunition, for which he was awarded a

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to the left. As the tows reached to within 50 yards (46 m) of the shore they were cast off and the sailors in the cutters began to row. The shore had been silent but as the first boat landed, Ottoman small-arms fire swept the British and caused many casualties.

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diminish after a trench was hit by heavy shells from offshore; the Fusiliers cut more paths through the wire and attacked the cliff at the south end of the beach. Naval observers could see the trenches on the cliff top and as the British attacked the ships were

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absence of boats. It appeared on the Ottoman side that the landing had been defeated and a triumphant message announced that the 26th Regiment had driven out the British with the bayonet. A later accurate message reported that more British troops had landed.

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after the troops bound for W Beach had disembarked and the four tows had sailed parallel to the battleship until it was 500 yards (460 m) from the shore. The landing party had reached the shore and climbed to the top of the cliff with no casualties by

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The landing force waited until mid-afternoon for the expected advance from Cape Helles, in conditions so quiet, that Matthews and an adjutant crossed Gully Ravine and walked to within 500 yards (460 m) of Krithia and found no sign of Ottoman troops.

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despite being wounded in the foot. Around midnight, Hunter-Weston sent orders to attack Hill 141 but two liaison officers from Hamilton's staff reported that a night attack was impossible; onshore the troops were organised into three parties to attack at

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In September, the British naval mission to the Ottomans, which had been established in 1912 under Admiral Arthur Limpus, was recalled as it appeared that the Ottomans would soon enter the war and command of the Ottoman navy was taken over by Rear Admiral

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observers used wireless to direct naval gunfire but were ignored because the quantity of naval gunnery was overwhelmed by the number of Ottoman targets. Once the troops were established ashore, the ships responded to messages from the aircrews who used

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was formed from Jewish Russian émigrés from Palestine. The need for means to carry water was considered so urgent that in mid-April, a request was forwarded to Egypt for the Zion Mule Corps to be sent immediately, regardless of its lack of equipment.

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with two infantry and one engineer company in reserve. On the Asiatic shore, the 3rd Division had two regiments near Troy and one from Kum Kale to Yeni Shehr; the 11th Division lay in reserve near Ezine, with detachments on either side of Besika Bay.

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commanders stuck aboard ship and the commanders who went ashore, becoming casualties. While greatly outnumbered, the Ottomans made good use of their field fortifications, machine-guns and rifles to defend the beaches and obstruct any advance inland.

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shore (the 3rd Division was sent later as a reinforcement). Near Boghali, the 19th Division was stationed as a reserve, under the command of the 5th Army headquarters, ready to move to Bulair, Gaba Tepe or the Asiatic side according to developments.

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Six Victoria Crosses were awarded to troops who took part in the landing on W Beach, three in August 1915 and three more in 1917. Because of this, the event was later described in the Allied press as "six VCs before Breakfast". The recipients were

585:, the former Ottoman military attaché in Berlin, opposed the pro-British majority in the Ottoman cabinet and tried to secure closer relations with Germany. In December 1913, the Germans sent a military mission to Constantinople, headed by General 888:

on high ground overlooking V Beach and two companies were in reserve on low ground north-west of Morto Bay; twelve men watched X Beach. At the three beaches where the British were to make large landings, there were two infantry companies and

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to signal to ships unable to receive wireless transmissions. The flyers began bombing artillery, camps and troops, conducted photographic reconnaissance and kept watch on the peninsula up to Bulair and the Asiatic coast. The balloon rose at

1183:, from where Napier saw many men on the lighters in front of the collier and jumped onto the nearest, unaware that the men were dead. Napier and his staff reached the hopper, were pinned down and Napier was killed a few minutes later. At 1821:

found that they were empty. When he realised that the troops nearer the beach had been re-embarking, he saw no option but to allow it to continue and collected a party of men to defend the gully, until the wounded had been evacuated. By

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entanglements, including one along the shore and trip wires just under the surface of the water, a few yards offshore. Trenches on the high ground overlooked the beach and two machine-guns were hidden in the cliffs, to cover the wire in

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and complete the capture of Hill 114. On the right, troops landed and tried to reach Hill 138 but were pinned down halfway to the crest. Another attack was made after another battalion had landed and the area had been bombarded by

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were sunk and four capital ships were severely damaged by naval mines laid along the Asiatic shore. Preparations began for a landing to help the navy neutralise the forts and batteries guarding the straits but the preparations in

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obtain a guarantee of territorial integrity and potential advantages, unaware that the British might enter a European war. On 30 July 1914, two days after the outbreak of the war in Europe, the Ottoman leaders agreed to form the

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casualties, from the five battalions south of Achi Baba before morning on 27 April, in the first two days of the landings at Cape Helles. John Keegan in 1998, wrote that British casualties at Cape Helles during the morning were

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Ottoman infantry began to counter-attack the beachhead. The first attack was made by a company and was dispersed by naval gunfire. When the guns ceased fire after dark, the Ottoman infantry attacked with great determination. By

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asked the French to continue the landing. Another version of events held that the French were impatient to end the diversion and refused the request to remain. French records have no request and the re-embarkation began at

2286:

Brigadier Owen Wolley-Dod, a member of Hunter-Weston's general staff and a Lancashire Fusilier, who had landed on the beach shortly after noon, pressed for more awards to be made; the other three men were recognised in the

1601:

a defensive flank on the left, two platoons to advance frontally and dig in 500 yards (460 m) from the beach and the rest of the landing force to attack Hill 114 on the right, to gain touch with the troops on W Beach.

1703:

Scouts moving forward in the centre and on the flanks found four Ottoman soldiers, two of whom were killed and two captured. Two companies advanced to Gully Ravine, about 300 yards (270 m) beyond the cliff top and at

1178:

a company of the 2nd Hampshire tried to disembark but most were shot down on the gangways and the attempt was suspended. The vessel carrying Napier and his party was seen heading towards the beach and was called alongside

802:

of Russia appealed to Britain for assistance against the Ottomans, who were conducting an offensive in the Caucasus. Planning began for a naval demonstration in the Dardanelles to divert troops from the Caucasian theatre.

1549:

the landings were complete. From the cliffs, the disaster at V Beach could be seen but the instructions given to the commander were to wait for the advance from the south. After a prisoner claimed that there were another

1513:

alternative. With a definite objective the troops and officers of the 29th Division overcame many novel obstacles but then the twelve battalions between Hill 114 and Hill 138 did not press on against an exiguous defence.

1291:

seventy wounded men. Attempts to rally on the second line of defence failed and the survivors fell back to a line 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi) from Krithia in the late afternoon. By 27 April the beach defenders had lost

2030:

inshore to bombard the Ottoman positions had some effect and at W Beach were able to suppress Ottoman return fire, after the early British losses. At V Beach the bombardments had less effect and the ploy of landing from

786:, proposed a naval attack on the Dardanelles, based in part on erroneous reports of Ottoman troop strength. Churchill wanted to use a large number of obsolete battleships, which could not operate against the German 1508:

ended the attempt to retrieve the situation at V Beach. On the northern flank, Hill 114 was consolidated but an advance to the second objective from W Beach was not made and despite outnumbering the Ottoman troops

1864:

swam ashore and lit flares along the beach, crept inland and observed the Ottoman defences, which he found to be dummies, returning safely. Just after dawn, the decoy force sailed south to join the main landings.

1632:

The Ottoman infantry were a few hundred yards from the shore when they were repulsed by a bayonet charge. The British were content to restore the position and did not pursue the Ottomans. Some news had arrived by

1029:

V Beach was 300 yards (270 m) long and 10 yards (9.1 m) wide, with a low bank about 5 feet (1.5 m) high on the landward side. Cape Helles and Fort Etrugrul (Fort No. 1) were on the left and the old

1638:

them to dig in on a 600–800-yard (550–730 m) perimeter. Though greatly outnumbered, the Ottomans paralysed the initiative of the invaders and gained time to organise defences and bring up reinforcements. At

938:

assurance of a 1905 Admiralty report, that water was plentiful in the valleys, extensive preparations were made to maintain an adequate water supply. In April the Indian 9th Mule Corps arrived from France with

4017:. History of the Great War based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Vol. II (Naval & Military Press ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press. 871:

battalion areas, a northern or "Kum Tepe sector" from Semerly Tepe to Sari Tepe occupied by the 1st Battalion, with three companies supported by a field battery on the coast and a company in reserve, with two

2143:

The 1st Royal Dublin Fusiliers and 1st Royal Munster Fusiliers re-formed a composite battalion, known as the Dubsters and the original battalions were reformed after the evacuation. The Munsters moved to the

2039:

unusual number of senior officers who became casualties. From the beginning of the landings, the 29th Division lost two of three brigadiers, two of three brigade majors and most of the senior officers in the

1499:

1-mile (1.6 km) offshore watched the attempts while unable to open fire due to ignorance of the situation ashore. After an hour the wire was cut but the troops were pinned down again on the far side.

636:

which escaped, when the Ottoman government opened the Dardanelles to allow them to sail to Constantinople, despite being required under international law, as a neutral party, to block military shipping.

3836:. History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Vol. I (Naval & Military Press ed.). London: Longmans. 2307:

were awarded at V Beach to sailors or men from the Royal Naval Division who had attempted to maintain the bridge of lighters and recover the wounded, including Commander Unwin, Sub-Lieutenant

790:, for an operation against the Dardanelles, with a small occupation force provided by the army. It was hoped that an attack on the Ottomans would also draw the former Ottoman territories of 1708:

two companies of marines moved forward south-eastwards across the ravine, to search for a suspected Ottoman artillery piece. News of the success of the landing was passed to Hamilton as

2069:

The landing plan had been based on the importance of maintaining liaison between the army and navy, which had led to a decision that the 29th Division headquarters should stay aboard

778:

made a proposal in November, to attack the Ottoman Empire, which was rejected and an attempt by the British to pay the Ottomans to join the Allied side also failed. Later that month,

4279: 1122:

another company made an attempt to disembark but after one company had got ashore, the casualties to the first two platoons were so great that the effort was suspended until dark.

6039: 3857:. History of the Great War based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Vol. II (2nd ed.). London: Longmans. 3735:. History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Vol. I (1st ed.). London: Heinemann. 442: 6054: 1086:

remained grounded with their crews dead around them. Two platoons landed intact on the right flank at the Camber and some troops reached the village, only to be overrun. Of the

768:

was controlled by the Ottoman Empire. While the empire remained neutral, trade with Russia continued but the straits were closed before the Ottomans went to war and in November

845:

newspaper. On 24 March, Enver Pasha the Ottoman Minister of War unified the military forces around the Dardanelles, under the command of Marshal Otto Liman von Sanders and the

6238: 4087:

Thys-Şenocak, Lucienne; Aslan, Carolyn (2008). "Narratives of Destruction and Construction: The Complex Cultural Heritage of the Gallipoli Peninsula". In Rakoczy, Lila (ed.).

2295:(DCM) for his actions during the landing. The DCM was cancelled and replaced by a Victoria Cross. Stubbs had been killed in the assault on Hill 114 on the day of the landing. 564:; weakened by political instability, military defeat and civil strife following a century of decline. Power had been seized in 1908 by a group of young officers, known as the 1736: 573:

in the region and German officers assisted in training and re-equipping the army. Despite this support, the economic resources of the empire were depleted by the cost of the

6673: 1778:

battalions and British losses led Matthews to signal for reinforcements, for which he received no reply. At dawn on 26 April, the Ottoman infantry withdrew, having suffered

1253:

moved to the right flank and attacked the fort, where an Ottoman machine-gun crew repulsed the attack and forced the survivors back under cover. After dark the gangways of

7475: 7470: 6651: 2058:

the main beaches to give assistance, yet the number of troops landed on the minor beaches exceeded the size of the Ottoman garrison at the south end of the peninsula.

1692:

trawlers steamed forward until they touched bottom and then embarked their troops in the boats, which were rowed to the beach as the bombardment on Cape Helles began.

670:

and sank several Russian ships. The Ottomans refused an Allied demand to expel the German missions and on 31 October 1914, formally entered the war on the side of the

6136: 4303: 799: 4457: 589:. The geographic position of the Ottoman Empire meant that its neutrality in the event of a European war was of significant interest to Russia, France and Britain. 5773: 4944: 6215: 4274: 4235:"The Victoria Cross awarded to Sergeant Alfred Richards, 1 Bn, Lancashire Fusiliers, has been sold at auction by Spink of London for a Hammer Price of £110,000" 6243: 4757: 4209: 6431: 6158: 5850: 4815: 1958:

Ottoman counter-attacks began and continued until dawn, all of them costly failures; the French prepared to resume the advance to Yeni Shehr in the morning.

1940:

landed near the fort, on a small undefended beach but the current flowing from the Dardanelles was so fast, that the landing force reached the beach only at

1282:

26th Regiment, could not find the position of the landing for some time in the confusion. Calls for reinforcements from the 25th Regiment were not met until

1163: 2012:

submarines, rather than apprehension about landings on the Asiatic side. It was not until 29 April, that troops from the area appeared on the Helles front.

1728:

at noon, firing was heard from X Beach but no instructions arrived from 29th Division Headquarters, so Matthews ordered the position to be consolidated. At

6538: 2174:

on 28 April with a naval bombardment. The plan of advance was for the French to hold position on the right, while the British line would pivot and capture

1402:

cut the wire along the shore and the surviving Fusiliers were fired on from three sides as they cut the wire or crawled underneath. A witness later wrote:

2291:

on 13 March 1917, with an identical citation to the original three men. Bromley had died when his troopship had been sunk and Grimshaw had been awarded a

1081:

The shore appeared lifeless following the bombardment but as the boats were about to land, the Ottoman defenders opened fire. Guns in the fort and castle

6446: 6201: 1207: 4505: 2086:

invasion Hunter-Weston had printed a "Personal Note" to each soldier in the division to explain the hazards of the landing as a forewarning, writing of

6441: 6131: 6082: 5997: 233: 1233:

bombarded the Ottoman defences on V Beach, which had little effect on the volume of fire directed at the British. During another attempt to land from

6666: 6285: 1420:

Small parties of Fusiliers got through the entanglement, reached the dunes behind the shore and captured the trenches beyond. Some of the tows from

29: 1541:

made an unauthorised landing with a party of sailors and marines to supplement the landing force, casualties for all of the landing parties being

1162:

second wave waited for the tows to return from the shore, although few arrived. Wounded were removed and several platoons under Brigadier-General

6126: 5491: 2363:

At 4:00 p.m. on 25 April, there were 4,500 Ottomans present. By dawn on 26 April, 21,000 British troops are estimated to have landed near Helles.

293: 2187: 4922: 7480: 4984: 1461:

Hunter-Weston ordered the main body to land and diverted some of the troops bound for V Beach to W Beach as reinforcements, which arrived at

2429:

at noon on 26 April, d'Amade and Hamilton decided to end the diversion. After representations by the navy, Hamilton changed his mind and at

7434: 6912: 6659: 6186: 6116: 5755: 4974: 4885: 817: 318: 2446:

The Victoria Cross awarded to Sergeant Alfred Richards, 1st Battalion, Lancashire Fusiliers was sold at auction by Spink of London, for a

832:

The naval operations in the Dardanelles ended with the failure on 18 March, to push a naval force through the straits, during which three

6681: 6210: 5108: 4562: 205: 163: 1608:

until stopped by Ottoman small-arms fire after 800 yards (730 m) but on the right flank, the attack reached the top of Hill 114 by

7465: 4785: 5115: 1334:

cliffs at the ends and a relatively easy approach over sand dunes in the centre, to a ridge with a view of the sea. The Ottomans had

4767: 1406:

It appeared as if the whole battalion must be wiped out. The wire on the beach was intact and to those watching anxiously from the

6436: 1666:

with a transport N2 and eight trawlers rendezvoused 4 miles (6.4 km) west of Y Beach with the covering force, the battleship

6368: 6206: 6193: 6150: 6059: 5785: 5594: 5501: 5403: 5161: 4808: 605:, although it did not require them to undertake military action. On 2 August, the British requisitioned two modern battleships, 6560: 6550: 6418: 1530:

made landfall under fire from the Ottoman platoon in a trench half-way up the cliff. Two companies landed on the beach and one

1002:. The airborne observers were hampered by the steep, scrub-covered hills and sandy gullies but maintained the patrols all day. 855: 1800:

During the night, some British troops began to straggle back to the beach and their morale was depressed further, when a ship

6332: 6266: 6103: 5982: 5655: 4681: 4537: 4096: 4001: 3881: 3862: 3841: 3817: 3757: 1906: 791: 546: 516: 6507: 5927: 4719: 1861: 2343:

was awarded a posthumous VC, for leading the attack finally to capture Sedd el Bahr on the morning 26 April, during which

933: 7460: 6803: 6278: 5237: 4742: 4461: 4367: 3951: 917: 286: 6492: 1912: 1793:

killed; ammunition had run short in the beachhead and was complicated by the need to supply Mark VI as well as Mark VII

6477: 5767: 5176: 4934: 4190: 1130: 1102:, a flat-bottomed boat, was to beach ahead of it to provide a floating bridge, connecting the gangplanks in the bow of 1894: 1747:

At Serafim Farm, Sami Bey the Ottoman 9th Division commander, received news of the landing as soon as it began and at

6352: 6046: 5862: 5141: 4612: 4172: 4153: 4134: 4115: 4041: 4022: 3982: 3963: 3941: 3919: 3900: 3798: 3776: 1999:). The warships commenced a bombardment and boats were lowered from the transports, to simulate a disembarkation. At 1699:(Lieutenant-Colonel Archibald Koe) and a company of the 2nd Battalion, South Wales Borderers landed at Y Beach from 1166:

sailed towards the beach. The calamity which had befallen the first wave was still unknown to Hunter-Weston, who at

795: 371: 6793: 5604: 5539: 4577: 2308: 1696: 1245:

the battleships resumed the bombardment on the village, the crest of the ridge and the upper works of the fort; at

696:. The Ottomans prepared to attack Egypt in early 1915, to occupy the Suez Canal and cut the Mediterranean route to 7282: 1720:

The marine search party moved for about 1-mile (1.6 km) south-east but found no sign of a gun and retired at

1194:, instructed Hunter-Weston to suspend the landing at V Beach and divert the rest of the V Beach force to W Beach. 7252: 6603: 6408: 6388: 6175: 6111: 5934: 5803: 4714: 4634: 4572: 4260: 4217: 5275: 4299:

The Story of ANZAC from the Outbreak of War to the End of the First Phase of the Gallipoli Campaign, May 4, 1915

6987: 6403: 6398: 6393: 6383: 6077: 4729: 4704: 4602: 2190:

but were halted by a machine-gun post near Y Beach. No further advance could be made up the ravine until the 1/

1751:

sent an infantry battalion, an artillery battery and a section of machine-guns to the landing site. Just after

485: 279: 1979:

offshore much easier. An Ottoman artillery battery at Tepe caused severe casualties during the departure, and

1545:

sailors and marines. At the battery the British overlooked the Ottoman platoon and took fifteen prisoners; by

472:, the amphibious landings on the Gallipoli peninsula by British and French forces on 25 April 1915 during the 7022: 6378: 6373: 6337: 6271: 6163: 6009: 5599: 5451: 4989: 4917: 4848: 4617: 4587: 4582: 2373: 2145: 1741:

Turkish troops throw the English who landed at Teke Burnu back into the sea in a bayonet fight, 25 April 1915

1071: 633: 437: 7337: 7192: 6327: 5954: 5894: 5791: 5696: 5466: 5252: 4956: 4795: 4694: 2183: 1325: 989:

and the two observers watched the troops climb the cliffs and then reported the presence of the battleship

7257: 6952: 6565: 6002: 5987: 5845: 5797: 5569: 5120: 4994: 4907: 4902: 4671: 4659: 4654: 2382: 2292: 2199: 846: 783: 747: 378: 6873: 5181: 7485: 7455: 7372: 7362: 7307: 7177: 7172: 7032: 6992: 6982: 6967: 6853: 6545: 6502: 5779: 5544: 5529: 5431: 5300: 4868: 4780: 4737: 1900: 1188: 488:

was to advance six mi (9.7 km) along the peninsula on the first day and seize the heights of

385: 351: 6823: 1559:

led to a delay in the arrival of the ship at V Beach, where it was scheduled to regulate the landing.

7392: 7042: 6828: 6714: 6487: 6255: 5839: 5827: 5589: 5574: 5295: 5186: 4880: 4858: 4607: 4597: 4530: 4478: 3929: 2333: 1996: 524: 5441: 738:

closed the overland trade routes between Britain and France in the west and Russia in the east. The

7322: 7162: 6957: 6739: 6704: 6462: 5949: 5939: 5868: 5821: 5809: 5749: 5564: 5559: 5481: 4890: 4863: 4567: 2315: 1918: 1688:

4,000 yards (3,700 m) out and the cruisers 2,000 yards (1,800 m) closer to the shore. At

336: 1995:

six French troop transports, with two destroyers and a torpedo boat, appeared off Besika Bay (now

7402: 7237: 7232: 7197: 7027: 6972: 6942: 6848: 6773: 6734: 6729: 6709: 6533: 6525: 6467: 6227: 5922: 5685: 5519: 5514: 5446: 5305: 5290: 5285: 5265: 5146: 5023: 4326: 2165: 1555:

Krithia but diverted to Sedd el Bahr before the landing commenced. The landing by the captain of

1077:

The tows containing the Dubliners were delayed by the current and came in thirty minutes late at

1063: 965: 598: 523:

on the Asiatic shore of the Straits. After dark, another demonstration was made by the French in

432: 341: 331: 5486: 1724:

unchallenged. A message was sent to X Beach asking for an update, but no reply was received. At

1596:

when the tows returned to collect the rest of the battalion and equipment, which had arrived by

1429:

raking the ground with shells, and the Turks were also killed by the hundreds as they retreated.

822: 7412: 7352: 7222: 7207: 7187: 7137: 7122: 7072: 6977: 6907: 6788: 6724: 6300: 6024: 5959: 5815: 5549: 5476: 5426: 5411: 5393: 5366: 5280: 5247: 4912: 4873: 4853: 4664: 4557: 4408: 2322: 2266: 2254: 1925: 1311: 1036: 586: 346: 4014:

The War in the Air: Being the Story of the Part Played in the Great War by the Royal Air Force

581:

and the French, British and Germans offered financial aid. A pro-German faction influenced by

7247: 7147: 7052: 7007: 6932: 6863: 6813: 6798: 6758: 6719: 6290: 5944: 5833: 5609: 5579: 5509: 5456: 5378: 5346: 5320: 5270: 5201: 5103: 5056: 4840: 4709: 4592: 2340: 2149: 1523: 1359: 1344: 1227: 689: 508: 427: 357: 177: 1931: 1039:

which landed from ships' boats that were towed or rowed ashore. The rest were landed from a

646:

faction in the Ottoman government enough influence to declare war on Russia. On 27 October,

7407: 7312: 7272: 7267: 7182: 7142: 7127: 7097: 7002: 6962: 6897: 6640: 6555: 5242: 5216: 5166: 4523: 2329: 2242: 2198:

which involved them climbing a 300-foot (91 m) vertical slope, which had defeated the

1847: 1395: 1385:

sailed towards the shore, in line abreast at 50 yards (46 m) intervals, the tows from

1351: 1317: 976: 969: 928: 606: 534: 504: 406: 392: 210: 5191: 8: 7382: 7217: 7212: 7167: 7152: 7012: 6997: 6937: 6768: 6622: 5761: 5625: 5584: 5461: 5421: 5416: 5361: 5044: 5038: 4939: 4441: 4349: 4052: 3713: 2260: 1660: 1653: 1410:

the situation appeared hopeless. It looked as each man was shot down as he left his boat.

1144: 1051: 480:, at the foot of the peninsula, was the main landing area. With gunfire support from the 422: 412: 399: 6575: 3852: 1098:

grounded just before the tows and to connect the collier to the shore, the steam hopper

7342: 7292: 7287: 7227: 7107: 7077: 7067: 6892: 6843: 6833: 6818: 6783: 6778: 6582: 6497: 5856: 5720: 5702: 5667: 5631: 5471: 5436: 5388: 5373: 5260: 5211: 5050: 5009: 4689: 2337: 1840: 1667: 1067: 996: 756: 561: 469: 303: 125: 70: 22: 7417: 7397: 7332: 7277: 7132: 7062: 7047: 7017: 6927: 6902: 6763: 6695: 6615: 6609: 6570: 6472: 6305: 5888: 5743: 5726: 5534: 5356: 5336: 5171: 5156: 5086: 5074: 4775: 4752: 4699: 4422: 4412: 4396: 4377: 4355: 4336: 4307: 4168: 4149: 4130: 4111: 4092: 4075: 4058: 4037: 4018: 4012: 3997: 3978: 3959: 3937: 3915: 3896: 3877: 3858: 3837: 3813: 3794: 3772: 3753: 3736: 3719: 2386: 2191: 1874: 1695:

The Plymouth Battalion RND (Lieutenant-Colonel Godfrey Matthews), the 1st Battalion,

1674: 1220: 779: 685: 578: 417: 364: 3831: 1470:

Fusiliers. On the left flank the Fusiliers gained touch with troops from X Beach by

7377: 7357: 7347: 7327: 7262: 7102: 7092: 7087: 6947: 6868: 6858: 6808: 5673: 5643: 5637: 5554: 5383: 5351: 5341: 5080: 5004: 4999: 4927: 4747: 4647: 3715:

On Two Fronts: Being the Adventures of an Indian Mule Corps in France and Gallipoli

2344: 2236: 2182:

On the left flank, two battalions of the 87th Brigade (1st Border Regiment and 1st

2100:

to which the troops would be exposed. In the southern landings, the British landed

2007:

arrived and joined in the bombardment, before the force was recalled to Tenedos at

1854: 1203: 723: 574: 461: 4297: 2082:

maintain touch with the landing forces, free from other demands for its services.

1945:

casualties. The rest of the disembarkation was also delayed by the current but at

841:

were not concealed, the French commander even spoke of it in an interview with an

7387: 7367: 7317: 7302: 7242: 7157: 7082: 7057: 6917: 6482: 6322: 5661: 5221: 5196: 4895: 4803: 4642: 2412:

almost found a gap in the British defences but were caught in a bombardment from

2248: 991: 787: 775: 735: 727: 719: 688:

against the Russians, to regain former Turkish provinces. Fighting also began in

642: 473: 4330: 1576: 1058:

had been cut in the hull to allow the men to embark via gangways. The ship held

927:

To the north of the Anzac landings a diversion was to be mounted at Bulair. The

492:. The British then planned to capture the forts that guarded the straits of the 78: 7297: 7112: 6838: 6684: 6315: 6295: 5966: 5679: 5524: 5315: 5206: 5062: 4966: 4949: 4390: 4371: 4234: 3827: 2304: 2279: 1826:

survivors, they were able to search the area for an hour without interference.

1286:

on 26 April. A platoon commander Abdul Rahman, reported many casualties and at

1044: 879:

at the regimental headquarters. On the west bank of Kereves Dere, a battery of

859: 743: 671: 602: 557: 228: 222: 217: 191: 129: 87: 1365:, which took up positions off the beach. The troops transferred to thirty-two 7449: 7202: 7117: 6426: 5714: 5708: 5151: 5068: 4979: 4400: 4381: 4359: 4340: 4311: 4079: 4062: 3740: 2319: 1366: 1202:

Modern view of V Beach from Cape Helles. Sedd-el-Bahr (Seddülbahir in modern

947: 731: 697: 531: 44: 31: 4426: 3723: 7037: 5876: 5310: 2447: 1794: 1115: 1040: 1031: 693: 83: 902: 708: 678:

Britain and France declared war on 5 November and the Ottomans declared a

6883: 6749: 6087: 5992: 5690: 5125: 4546: 3786: 2312: 1491:

cut through but were visible on the sky line and shot down. Observers on

1339: 921: 765: 661: 626: 593: 582: 565: 493: 477: 117: 975:, co-operated with the Anzac landing with seaplanes and a kite balloon; 3361: 3359: 3334: 3332: 3199: 3197: 3136: 3134: 2326: 2274: 1197: 1055: 842: 833: 769: 751: 726:, had ended and trench lines had been dug from the Swiss border to the 655: 619: 481: 4148:. Vol. I (pbk. repr. ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. 3684: 2939: 2653: 2651: 1444:

wounded. The second wave of tows had landed with few losses at around

1110:

swung out to port and ended up broadside to the beach. The captain of

5882: 5649: 2963: 2537: 2152:

in May 1916 and were joined by the Dubliners in October 1917. Of the

1335: 1321: 1150:

1,000 yards (910 m) offshore but received misleading reports at

981: 885: 761: 739: 512: 489: 271: 121: 3733:

Military Operations Gallipoli: Inception of the Campaign to May 1915

3576: 3564: 3536: 3488: 3461: 3449: 3437: 3356: 3344: 3329: 3317: 3305: 3293: 3281: 3257: 3245: 3233: 3221: 3194: 3131: 3119: 3083: 3071: 3047: 3035: 3023: 2975: 2903: 2831: 2819: 2807: 2723: 1961:

On 26 April, Ottoman troops captured the Kum Kale cemetery and then

6142: 3478: 3476: 2648: 2573: 2389:

was shot through the shoulder but refused to leave the battlefield.

1790: 1684:

the troops transferred to the trawlers which steamed inshore, with

1531: 1082: 612: 569: 520: 519:, before dawn; a diversionary landing was made by French forces at 4306:. Vol. I (11th, 1941 ed.). Sydney: Angus and Robertson. 2480: 2090:

Heavy losses by bullets, by shells, by "mines" and by drowning....

1015: 692:, following a British landing to occupy the oil facilities in the 2927: 2175: 1534:

the cliffs at Eski Hissarlik point to capture de Tott's Battery.

3600: 3588: 3524: 3500: 3473: 3401: 3170: 3146: 2999: 2987: 2915: 2855: 2525: 1879: 3552: 2626: 2624: 2549: 1797:. As soon as dawn broke, the bombardment ships resumed firing. 1135:

V Beach about two days after the landing, seen from the bow of

667: 500: 4515: 3914:(Naval & Military Press ed.). London: Thomas Nelson. 2503: 2501: 2499: 2497: 2495: 746:

in the Far East, were icebound in winter and distant from the

632:

to the Ottoman navy as replacements. The Allies conducted the

6310: 1801: 1764:

reinforcements had increased the number of Ottoman troops to

1174:

to move towards the left flank and the troops on W Beach. At

838: 680: 3413: 2735: 2621: 2073:

and that Hamilton and the MEF headquarters should remain on

530:

The Helles landing was mismanaged by the British commander,

4510: 3996:(Naval & Military Press ed.). London: Hutchinson. 3660: 3391: 3389: 2492: 1817: 1241:

few troops managed to reach the ledge beyond the beach. At

4074:. Fort Shafter, Hawaii: Headquarters Hawaiian Department. 3011: 2879: 2867: 2843: 2795: 2771: 2609: 2347:

of the 1st Royal Munster Fusiliers was also awarded a VC.

2131:

Oglander wrote that the Turkish Official Account recorded

4479:"The Zion Muleteers of Gallipoli (March 1915 – May 1916)" 4239:

The Victoria Cross, Britain's Highest Award for Gallantry

3912:

The Story of the 29th Division, A Record of Gallant Deeds

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Hunter-Weston instructed the main force to land and at

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Hunter-Weston had watched the landings on W Beach from

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Royal Engineers and the Gallipoli Expedition (1915–16)

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and small-arms fire from the 1st Borders and repulsed.

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on 26 April had compelled the abandonment of Y Beach.

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Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918

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into the war, on the Allied side. On 2 January 1915,

4460:. United Kingdom Ministry of Defence. Archived from 3876:(2nd ed.). Melbourne: Oxford University Press. 3095: 2636: 2585: 1237:, when the bridge to the shore had been repaired at 666:, sortied into the Black Sea, bombarded the port of 7476:

Battles of World War I involving the Ottoman Empire

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Battles of World War I involving the United Kingdom

4442:"Gallipoli Part II: The First Day on the Peninsula" 4110:. VCs of the First World War. Stroud: Alan Sutton. 3874:

The Oxford Companion to Australian Military History

3633: 2463: 1257:were cleared of dead and wounded, which took until 4421:] (in German) (1st ed.). Berlin: Scherl. 4335:. Campaigns and their Lessons. London: Constable. 4091:. Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars. pp. 90–106. 3895:. Crows Nest, New South Wales: Allen & Unwin. 2156:eleven survived the Gallipoli campaign unscathed. 1813:and broke through the centre of the British line. 4191:"Feature Page of Sgt Alfred Joseph Richards V.C." 4086: 3730: 3690: 3648: 3606: 3594: 3582: 3570: 3558: 3530: 3506: 3494: 3482: 3467: 3455: 3443: 3407: 3365: 3350: 3338: 3323: 3311: 3299: 3287: 3263: 3251: 3239: 3227: 3203: 3176: 3152: 3140: 3125: 3089: 3077: 3053: 3041: 3029: 3005: 2993: 2981: 2969: 2921: 2909: 2861: 2837: 2825: 2813: 2555: 2531: 1187:Hamilton, who had been watching the landing from 1074:) and one company of the Royal Dublin Fusiliers. 811: 7447: 154: 5492:Armistice between Russia and the Central Powers 4072:The Defense of Gallipoli: A General Staff Study 3928: 2630: 2507: 1297: 760:(Imperial German Navy) and the entrance to the 4188: 3666: 827:Map of Ottoman forces at Gallipoli, April 1915 16:Amphibious invasion of the Gallipoli peninsula 6667: 4531: 2372:The Zion Mule Corps under Lieutenant-Colonel 1562: 1066:plus two companies of the 2nd Battalion, the 1050:, a 4,000 long tons (4,100 t) converted 287: 7435:List of battles involving the Ottoman Empire 4458:"Gallipoli Day, Royal Regiment of Fusiliers" 1935: 1054:, which had eleven machine-guns on the bow. 818:Naval operations in the Dardanelles Campaign 713:Sea access to Russia through the Dardanelles 5975: 4511:X Lighter landing craft used at Cape Helles 4483:The American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise 1785:casualties and inflicted British losses of 684:(holy war) later that month, beginning the 6674: 6660: 4538: 4524: 1816:With no reserves, the British rallied and 1604:The attack to the north-east began around 1094:killed and many of the rest were wounded. 556:At the beginning of the 20th century, the 294: 280: 4354:(1st ed.). London: Herbert Jenkins. 4124: 4050: 3934:Gallipoli 1915: Frontal Assault on Turkey 3766: 3711: 3017: 2945: 2933: 2777: 2669: 2615: 2603: 2567: 1612:to the cheers of the watching sailors on 995:in the Narrows, which was chased away by 5774:Revolutions and interventions in Hungary 4476: 4388: 4366: 4325: 4143: 4105: 3956:The Oxford Companion to Military History 3826: 3807: 3771:. Camberwell, Victoria: Viking/Penguin. 3748:Bredin, Alexander Edward Craven (1987). 3678: 3546: 2765: 2741: 2159: 1983:sailed inshore to bombard the Ottomans. 1878: 1735: 1575: 1310: 1196: 1129: 1014: 901: 821: 707: 168: 6151:Occupied Enemy Territory Administration 4407: 4395:. Vol. II. London: Edward Arnold. 4351:The Tenth (Irish) Division in Gallipoli 4232: 4162: 3991: 3850: 3785: 3642: 3431: 3419: 3395: 3380: 3275: 3215: 3188: 3164: 3113: 3065: 2897: 2885: 2873: 2849: 2801: 2789: 2753: 2693: 2681: 1261:A surgeon on board the collier treated 551: 7448: 4376:. Vol. I. London: Edward Arnold. 4347: 4069: 4031: 3972: 3950: 3909: 3747: 3627: 3542: 3518: 3101: 2717: 2705: 2642: 2591: 2519: 2474: 1789:Koe had been mortally wounded and his 1154:that the landings were succeeding. At 301: 6655: 6104:Austro-Hungarian occupation of Serbia 5447:Third Battle of Ypres (Passchendaele) 4519: 4129:(repr. ed.). London: Pan Books. 4010: 2957: 547:Middle Eastern theatre of World War I 517:Australian and New Zealand Army Corps 275: 7481:Amphibious operations of World War I 6508:Agreement of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne 4295: 4207: 3654: 6689:Ottoman battles in the 20th century 6437:Ottomans against the Triple Entente 5238:Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes 4444:. Turkey in the First World War.com 3977:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 3958:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 3936:. Campaign Series. London: Osprey. 2658:Fewster, Basarin & Basarin 2003 2580:Fewster, Basarin & Basarin 2003 2544:Fewster, Basarin & Basarin 2003 2487:Fewster, Basarin & Basarin 2003 2273:but was not carried forward by the 2207:the attack had been called off. Of 1755:one of the guns opened fire and at 1571: 1306: 704:Allied strategy and the Dardanelles 13: 5177:First Battle of the Masurian Lakes 4254: 3891:Fewster, K.; et al. (2003) . 2194:captured the post on the night of 1954:maintained a slow bombardment. At 1804:fell short into the beachhead. At 1486:The first redoubt was captured at 772:laying was begun in the waterway. 14: 7497: 7466:Battles of the Gallipoli campaign 4499: 4189:Eastwood, J.; Boutty, C. (2001). 3731:Aspinall-Oglander, C. F. (1929). 2225: 1581:Cape Helles area, Gallipoli, 1915 1381:An hour later, the six tows from 1377:closed in on the beach at around 1010: 959: 6993:Kirte Bağları (Krithia Vineyard) 6683: 5540:Second Battle of the Piave River 5162:Russian invasion of East Prussia 3872:Dennis, P.; et al. (2008). 3810:The Regimental Warpath 1914–1918 2440: 1624:The main force began to land at 1210:is in the middle of the picture. 227: 216: 204: 184: 170: 156: 77: 6604:Arrest of a Suspect in Sarajevo 5804:Lithuanian Wars of Independence 4545: 2419: 2402: 2392: 2366: 1619: 1452: 6427:Austria-Hungary against Serbia 6286:Deportations from East Prussia 6083:1915 typhus epidemic in Serbia 4089:The Archaeology of Destruction 4054:With the Zionists in Gallipoli 3750:A History of the Irish Soldier 2357: 1970:and the Ottoman defenders had 934:Corps expéditionnaire d'Orient 897: 812:Ottoman defensive preparations 1: 6968:3rd Arıburnu (3rd Anzac Cove) 6953:2nd Arıburnu (2nd Anzac Cove) 6338:Ukrainian Canadian internment 4125:Steel, N.; Hart, P. (2002) . 3699: 3559:Thys-Şenocak & Aslan 2008 2948:, pp. 210, 123–124, 204. 2408:An Ottoman counter-attack at 2208: 2137: 2126: 1829: 1779: 1697:King's Own Scottish Borderers 1354:were embarked in the cruiser 1338:the beach and laid extensive 1125: 634:Pursuit of Goeben and Breslau 540: 258: 248:4,500 (4:00 p.m. on 25 April) 7430:For the battles before 1900 7028:Yusufçuktepe (Scimitar Hill) 6493:Sazonov–Paléologue Agreement 5792:Estonian War of Independence 5467:Southern Palestine offensive 4280:Resources in other libraries 4233:Stewart, I. (21 July 2005). 4146:The First World War: To Arms 3893:Gallipoli: The Turkish Story 2457: 2298: 2184:Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers 2015: 1986: 1937:6th Régiment mixte Coloniale 245:21,000 (by dawn on 26 April) 94: 7: 6447:USA against Austria-Hungary 5846:Turkish War of Independence 5798:Latvian War of Independence 5530:Treaty of Bucharest of 1918 5121:Anti-Serb riots in Sarajevo 4409:Sanders, O. V. K. Liman von 4389:Hamilton, I. S. M. (1920). 2383:Distinguished Conduct Medal 2293:Distinguished Conduct Medal 2200:Royal Marine Light Infantry 2170:The Allied attack began at 2020: 977:Number 3 Aeroplane Squadron 907:Cape Helles landing beaches 784:First Lord of the Admiralty 10: 7502: 7461:1915 in the Ottoman Empire 6530:Treaties of Brest-Litovsk 6078:1899–1923 cholera pandemic 5545:Second Battle of the Marne 5432:Second battle of the Aisne 5301:Second Battle of Champagne 5142:German invasion of Belgium 4106:Snelling, Stephen (1995). 3769:Gallipoli: The Fatal Shore 3752:. Belfast: Century Books. 3667:Eastwood & Boutty 2001 2222:casualties were suffered. 2163: 1872: 1868: 1646: 1526:covered by the battleship 1516: 1170:had ordered the troops on 1005: 866:guns at Gaba Tepe and two 815: 806: 544: 511:were made to the north at 86:fort seen from the bow of 20: 7426: 6933:1st Arıburnu (Anzac Cove) 6923:Seddülbayır (Cape Helles) 6882: 6748: 6694: 6636: 6595: 6516: 6455: 6417: 6361: 6350: 6311:Assyrian genocide (Sayfo) 6254: 6226: 6174: 6096: 6070: 6022: 5915: 5908: 5840:Irish War of Independence 5736: 5618: 5590:Armistice of Villa Giusti 5575:Battle of Vittorio Veneto 5500: 5402: 5329: 5230: 5187:First Battle of the Marne 5134: 5096: 5031: 5022: 4965: 4839: 4828: 4794: 4766: 4728: 4680: 4633: 4626: 4553: 4275:Resources in your library 4051:Patterson, J. H. (1916). 3793:. Sydney: Pan Macmillan. 3712:Alexander, H. M. (1917). 1917:, the British battleship 1834: 1350:The 1st Battalion of the 1062:the 1st Battalion of the 954: 875:guns south of Gaba Tepe. 313: 252: 239: 197: 148: 100: 76: 68: 63: 7033:Selman’ı Pak (Ctesiphon) 6774:Beşpınar (Pente Pigadia) 6463:Constantinople Agreement 5756:Armenian–Azerbaijani War 5619:Co-belligerent conflicts 5595:Second Romanian campaign 5565:Third Transjordan attack 5276:Gorlice–Tarnów offensive 5182:Battle of Grand Couronné 4485:. Jewish Virtual Library 3994:The Royal Naval Division 3851:Corbett, J. S. (2009) . 2936:, pp. 146–148, 154. 2376:, landed at Helles from 2350: 1924:and the Russian cruiser 6854:2nd Edirne (Adrianople) 6804:1st Edirne (Adrianople) 6526:Modus vivendi of Acroma 6478:Bulgaria–Germany treaty 5786:Greater Poland Uprising 5686:National Protection War 5570:Meuse–Argonne offensive 5520:German spring offensive 5515:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 5291:Siege of Novogeorgievsk 5266:Second Battle of Artois 5147:Battle of the Frontiers 4296:Bean, C. E. W. (1921). 4194:XX Lancashire Fusiliers 3808:Chappell, Brad (2008). 2166:First Battle of Krithia 1930:began a bombardment of 1274:after a bombardment by 1064:Royal Munster Fusiliers 966:Royal Naval Air Service 599:Ottoman-German Alliance 6551:Paris Peace Conference 6539:Ukraine–Central Powers 6333:Massacres of Albanians 6301:Late Ottoman genocides 6108:Bulgarian occupations 5816:Third Anglo-Afghan War 5780:Hungarian–Romanian War 5605:Naval Victory Bulletin 5600:Armistice with Germany 5550:Hundred Days Offensive 5477:Battle of La Malmaison 5427:Second battle of Arras 5394:Battle of Transylvania 5248:Second Battle of Ypres 5116:Sarajevo assassination 5005:South African Republic 4266:the Gallipoli Campaign 4144:Strachan, H. (2003) . 4057:. London: Hutchinson. 4011:Jones, H. A. (2002) . 3767:Broadbent, H. (2005). 3691:Aspinall-Oglander 1929 3607:Aspinall-Oglander 1929 3595:Aspinall-Oglander 1929 3583:Aspinall-Oglander 1929 3571:Aspinall-Oglander 1929 3531:Aspinall-Oglander 1929 3507:Aspinall-Oglander 1929 3495:Aspinall-Oglander 1929 3483:Aspinall-Oglander 1929 3468:Aspinall-Oglander 1929 3456:Aspinall-Oglander 1929 3444:Aspinall-Oglander 1929 3408:Aspinall-Oglander 1929 3366:Aspinall-Oglander 1929 3351:Aspinall-Oglander 1929 3339:Aspinall-Oglander 1929 3324:Aspinall-Oglander 1929 3312:Aspinall-Oglander 1929 3300:Aspinall-Oglander 1929 3288:Aspinall-Oglander 1929 3264:Aspinall-Oglander 1929 3252:Aspinall-Oglander 1929 3240:Aspinall-Oglander 1929 3228:Aspinall-Oglander 1929 3204:Aspinall-Oglander 1929 3177:Aspinall-Oglander 1929 3153:Aspinall-Oglander 1929 3141:Aspinall-Oglander 1929 3126:Aspinall-Oglander 1929 3090:Aspinall-Oglander 1929 3078:Aspinall-Oglander 1929 3054:Aspinall-Oglander 1929 3042:Aspinall-Oglander 1929 3030:Aspinall-Oglander 1929 3006:Aspinall-Oglander 1929 2994:Aspinall-Oglander 1929 2982:Aspinall-Oglander 1929 2970:Aspinall-Oglander 1929 2922:Aspinall-Oglander 1929 2910:Aspinall-Oglander 1929 2862:Aspinall-Oglander 1929 2838:Aspinall-Oglander 1929 2826:Aspinall-Oglander 1929 2814:Aspinall-Oglander 1929 2556:Aspinall-Oglander 1929 2532:Aspinall-Oglander 1929 2098: 1936: 1886: 1744: 1583: 1437: 1418: 1330: 1212: 1140: 1037:Royal Dublin Fusiliers 1026: 909: 829: 742:in the Arctic and the 715: 654:, having been renamed 587:Otto Liman von Sanders 465: 458:landing at Cape Helles 326:Landing at Cape Helles 198:Commanders and leaders 93:during the landing at 64:Landing at Cape Helles 7253:Berukin and 1st Arara 6998:Kanlısırt (Lone Pine) 6561:Treaty of St. Germain 6534:Russia–Central Powers 6488:Sykes–Picot Agreement 6316:Pontic Greek genocide 6291:Destruction of Kalisz 6267:Eastern Mediterranean 5828:Polish–Lithuanian War 5610:Armistice of Belgrade 5580:Armistice of Salonica 5510:Operation Faustschlag 5457:Third Battle of Oituz 5379:Baranovichi offensive 5347:Lake Naroch offensive 5321:Battle of Robat Karim 5296:Vistula–Bug offensive 5271:Battles of the Isonzo 5202:First Battle of Ypres 4477:Sugarman, M. (1999). 4214:Gallipoli Association 4163:Travers, Tim (2001). 4070:Patton, G.S. (1936). 3992:Jerrold, D. (2009) . 3718:. London: Heinemann. 3422:, pp. 55, 75–77. 3018:Steel & Hart 2002 2341:Charles Doughty-Wylie 2160:Subsequent operations 2150:16th (Irish) Division 2088: 1882: 1743:(German illustration) 1739: 1579: 1524:South Wales Borderers 1427: 1404: 1314: 1215:During the afternoon 1208:V Beach CWGC Cemetery 1200: 1133: 1018: 905: 825: 754:was blockaded by the 711: 509:landing at Anzac Cove 499:A feigned landing at 466:Seddülbahir Çıkarması 358:Landing at Anzac Cove 253:Casualties and losses 7018:Kılıçbayır (The Nek) 6893:Köprüköy (Bergmann) 6556:Treaty of Versailles 6272:Mount Lebanon famine 6187:in the United States 6155:Russian occupations 5869:Turkish–Armenian War 5810:Polish–Ukrainian War 5750:Ukrainian–Soviet War 5697:Central Asian Revolt 5487:Armistice of Focșani 5217:Battle of Sarikamish 5167:Battle of Tannenberg 4563:Military engagements 4419:Five Years in Turkey 3910:Gillon, S. (2002) . 3693:, pp. 233, 235. 2972:, pp. 217, 221. 2744:, pp. 158, 166. 2631:Haythornthwaite 2004 2508:Haythornthwaite 2004 2212: 14,000 Allied 1905:, with the cruisers 1537:Captain Davidson of 1352:Lancashire Fusiliers 1318:Lancashire Fusiliers 929:Royal Naval Division 608:Sultân Osmân-ı Evvel 552:Ottoman developments 535:Aylmer Hunter-Weston 505:Royal Naval Division 407:Landing at Suvla Bay 211:Aylmer Hunter-Weston 6769:Kırcalı (Kardzhali) 6623:They shall not pass 6546:Treaty of Bucharest 6503:Treaty of Bucharest 6442:USA against Germany 6419:Declarations of war 6123:German occupations 6036:British casualties 5895:Soviet–Georgian War 5822:Egyptian Revolution 5762:Armeno-Georgian War 5626:Somaliland campaign 5585:Armistice of Mudros 5462:Battle of Caporetto 5452:Battle of Mărășești 5422:Zimmermann telegram 5417:February Revolution 5362:Battle of the Somme 5286:Bug-Narew Offensive 5261:Battle of Gallipoli 5253:Sinking of the RMS 5045:Scramble for Africa 5039:Franco-Prussian War 4695:Sinai and Palestine 4348:Cooper, B. (1918). 4127:Defeat at Gallipoli 4036:. London: Pimlico. 4034:The First World War 4032:Keegan, J. (1998). 3975:The First World War 3973:Howard, M. (2002). 3930:Haythornthwaite, P. 3585:, pp. 290–295. 3573:, pp. 288–290. 3497:, pp. 254–255. 3470:, pp. 253–254. 3458:, pp. 252–253. 3446:, pp. 251–252. 3368:, pp. 257–263. 3353:, pp. 163–165. 3341:, pp. 208–210. 3326:, pp. 207–208. 3314:, pp. 204–207. 3302:, pp. 204–206. 3290:, pp. 201–204. 3266:, pp. 245–246. 3254:, pp. 243–245. 3242:, pp. 224–226. 3230:, pp. 224–225. 3206:, pp. 236–237. 3143:, pp. 238–242. 3128:, pp. 228–230. 3092:, pp. 227–228. 3080:, pp. 226–227. 3056:, pp. 246–249. 3044:, pp. 238–240. 3032:, pp. 232–235. 2984:, pp. 132–133. 2912:, pp. 133–134. 2888:, pp. 312–313. 2876:, pp. 307–310. 2852:, pp. 304–305. 2840:, pp. 158–160. 2828:, pp. 157–158. 2816:, pp. 153–157. 2804:, pp. 140–230. 2283:on 24 August 1915. 1893:French battleships 1839:Eleven troopships, 1358:and the battleship 968:(RNAS) aircraft of 800:Grand Duke Nicholas 45:40.0431°N 26.1753°E 41: / 7193:Hareira and Sheria 6583:Treaty of Lausanne 6498:Paris Economy Pact 6432:UK against Germany 6362:Entry into the war 6328:Urkun (Kyrgyzstan) 6047:Ottoman casualties 5857:Franco-Turkish War 5737:Post-War conflicts 5721:Russian Revolution 5703:Invasion of Darfur 5668:Kelantan rebellion 5656:Kurdish rebellions 5632:Mexican Revolution 5472:October Revolution 5437:Kerensky offensive 5412:Capture of Baghdad 5389:Monastir offensive 5374:Brusilov offensive 5212:Battle of Kolubara 5051:Russo-Japanese War 4368:Hamilton, I. S. M. 4220:on 23 October 2014 4167:. Stroud: Tempus. 2730:Dennis et al. 2008 2338:Lieutenant Colonel 1887: 1783: 50 per cent 1745: 1584: 1415:Colonel Wolley-Dod 1331: 1300:Lancashire Landing 1213: 1152:7:30 and 7:50 a.m. 1141: 1068:Hampshire Regiment 1027: 910: 830: 757:Kaiserliche Marine 718:By late 1914, the 716: 700:and the Far East. 657:Yavûz Sultân Selîm 601:in secret against 579:Second Balkan Wars 562:sick man of Europe 470:Gallipoli Campaign 468:) was part of the 305:Gallipoli campaign 126:Adrianople Vilayet 71:Gallipoli Campaign 23:Gallipoli Campaign 7486:April 1915 events 7456:Conflicts in 1915 7443: 7442: 7338:Afulah and Beisan 7308:German Expedition 7048:Erzurum offensive 6794:İşkodra (Scutari) 6696:Italo-Turkish War 6649: 6648: 6632: 6631: 6616:The Golden Virgin 6610:Mutilated victory 6591: 6590: 6571:Treaty of Trianon 6566:Treaty of Neuilly 6473:Damascus Protocol 6346: 6345: 6306:Armenian genocide 6263:Allied blockades 6235:Belgian refugees 6018: 6017: 5928:Strategic bombing 5904: 5903: 5889:Franco-Syrian War 5863:Greco-Turkish War 5851:Anglo-Turkish War 5834:Polish–Soviet War 5768:German Revolution 5744:Russian Civil War 5727:Finnish Civil War 5560:Battle of Megiddo 5535:Battle of Goychay 5482:Battle of Cambrai 5442:Battle of Mărăști 5357:Battle of Jutland 5337:Erzurum offensive 5192:Siege of Przemyśl 5172:Siege of Tsingtao 5157:Battle of Galicia 5087:Second Balkan War 5075:Italo-Turkish War 5032:Pre-War conflicts 5018: 5017: 4908:Portuguese Empire 4824: 4823: 4786:German New Guinea 4768:Asian and Pacific 4414:Fünf Jahre Türkei 4261:Library resources 4208:Lord, C. (2014). 4098:978-1-84718-624-9 4003:978-1-84342-261-7 3883:978-0-19-551784-2 3864:978-1-84342-490-1 3843:978-1-84342-489-5 3819:978-0-97-760727-3 3759:978-0-90-315218-1 3434:, pp. 77–79. 3398:, pp. 77–78. 3191:, pp. 61–62. 3167:, pp. 71–72. 3068:, pp. 69–70. 3020:, pp. 90–96. 2960:, pp. 44–46. 2900:, pp. 77–79. 2780:, pp. 27–28. 2618:, pp. 9, 18. 2570:, pp. 17–18. 2546:, pp. 37–41. 2522:, pp. 51–52. 2214:troops involved, 2192:6th Gurkha Rifles 2141: 2,000 men. 1972:1,730 casualties, 1914:Latouche-Tréville 1875:Battle of Kumkale 1503:It was not until 891:4–6 machine-guns, 780:Winston Churchill 686:Caucasus Campaign 451: 450: 270: 269: 144: 143: 7493: 7373:Jisr Benat Yakub 7058:Felahiye (Hanna) 6948:Battle of Dilman 6913:Naval operations 6829:Varna (Kaliakra) 6688: 6687: 6676: 6669: 6662: 6653: 6652: 6576:Treaty of Sèvres 6468:Treaty of London 6359: 6358: 6137:Northeast France 6068: 6067: 6040:Parliamentarians 5973: 5972: 5935:Chemical weapons 5913: 5912: 5674:Senussi campaign 5644:Muscat rebellion 5638:Maritz rebellion 5555:Vardar offensive 5384:Battle of Romani 5352:Battle of Asiago 5342:Battle of Verdun 5306:Kosovo offensive 5081:First Balkan War 5029: 5028: 4928:Russian Republic 4837: 4836: 4631: 4630: 4573:Economic history 4540: 4533: 4526: 4517: 4516: 4494: 4492: 4490: 4473: 4471: 4469: 4453: 4451: 4449: 4430: 4404: 4385: 4363: 4344: 4322: 4320: 4318: 4249: 4247: 4245: 4229: 4227: 4225: 4216:. Archived from 4210:"Gallipoli VC's" 4204: 4202: 4200: 4178: 4159: 4140: 4121: 4102: 4083: 4066: 4047: 4028: 4007: 3988: 3969: 3947: 3925: 3906: 3887: 3868: 3854:Naval Operations 3847: 3833:Naval Operations 3823: 3804: 3782: 3763: 3744: 3727: 3694: 3688: 3682: 3676: 3670: 3664: 3658: 3652: 3646: 3640: 3631: 3625: 3610: 3604: 3598: 3592: 3586: 3580: 3574: 3568: 3562: 3556: 3550: 3540: 3534: 3528: 3522: 3516: 3510: 3504: 3498: 3492: 3486: 3480: 3471: 3465: 3459: 3453: 3447: 3441: 3435: 3429: 3423: 3417: 3411: 3405: 3399: 3393: 3384: 3378: 3369: 3363: 3354: 3348: 3342: 3336: 3327: 3321: 3315: 3309: 3303: 3297: 3291: 3285: 3279: 3273: 3267: 3261: 3255: 3249: 3243: 3237: 3231: 3225: 3219: 3213: 3207: 3201: 3192: 3186: 3180: 3174: 3168: 3162: 3156: 3150: 3144: 3138: 3129: 3123: 3117: 3111: 3105: 3099: 3093: 3087: 3081: 3075: 3069: 3063: 3057: 3051: 3045: 3039: 3033: 3027: 3021: 3015: 3009: 3003: 2997: 2991: 2985: 2979: 2973: 2967: 2961: 2955: 2949: 2943: 2937: 2931: 2925: 2919: 2913: 2907: 2901: 2895: 2889: 2883: 2877: 2871: 2865: 2859: 2853: 2847: 2841: 2835: 2829: 2823: 2817: 2811: 2805: 2799: 2793: 2787: 2781: 2775: 2769: 2763: 2757: 2751: 2745: 2739: 2733: 2727: 2721: 2715: 2709: 2703: 2697: 2691: 2685: 2679: 2673: 2667: 2661: 2655: 2646: 2640: 2634: 2628: 2619: 2613: 2607: 2601: 2595: 2589: 2583: 2577: 2571: 2565: 2559: 2553: 2547: 2541: 2535: 2534:, pp. 1–11. 2529: 2523: 2517: 2511: 2505: 2490: 2484: 2478: 2472: 2451: 2444: 2438: 2437: 2432: 2425:At a meeting on 2423: 2417: 2411: 2406: 2400: 2396: 2390: 2379: 2370: 2364: 2361: 2345:William Cosgrove 2334:Wilfred Malleson 2316:William Williams 2305:Victoria Crosses 2237:Cuthbert Bromley 2221: 2217: 2213: 2210: 2206: 2197: 2173: 2155: 2154:1,100 Dubliners, 2142: 2139: 2134: 2122: 2117: 2113: 2112: 2108: 2105: 2096: 2052: 2051: 2047: 2044: 2010: 2002: 1994: 1991:On the night of 1977: 1973: 1969: 1964: 1957: 1948: 1943: 1939: 1892: 1824: 1812: 1807: 1795:rifle ammunition 1788: 1784: 1781: 1777: 1776: 1772: 1769: 1763: 1758: 1754: 1750: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1715: 1712:steamed past at 1707: 1702: 1691: 1683: 1673:and the cruiser 1641: 1636: 1627: 1611: 1607: 1599: 1595: 1565:Implacable Beach 1553: 1548: 1544: 1511: 1506: 1489: 1473: 1468: 1464: 1460: 1447: 1442: 1435: 1416: 1380: 1372: 1316:A boat carrying 1294: 1289: 1285: 1273: 1268: 1264: 1260: 1252: 1248: 1244: 1240: 1186: 1177: 1169: 1161: 1157: 1153: 1121: 1093: 1090:in the landing, 1089: 1080: 1061: 988: 945: 941: 918:Sir Ian Hamilton 892: 882: 874: 869: 865: 724:war of manoeuvre 677: 568:, who installed 352:Krithia Vineyard 319:Naval operations 308: 306: 296: 289: 282: 273: 272: 263: 260: 234:Mahmud Sabri Bey 232: 231: 221: 220: 209: 208: 190: 188: 187: 180: 176: 174: 173: 166: 162: 160: 159: 108:25–26 April 1915 102: 101: 81: 61: 60: 56: 55: 53: 52: 51: 50:40.0431; 26.1753 46: 42: 39: 38: 37: 34: 7501: 7500: 7496: 7495: 7494: 7492: 7491: 7490: 7446: 7445: 7444: 7439: 7422: 7258:2nd Transjordan 6884:First World War 6878: 6744: 6690: 6682: 6680: 6650: 6645: 6628: 6587: 6519: 6512: 6483:Treaty of Darin 6451: 6413: 6369:Austria-Hungary 6355: 6342: 6323:Rape of Belgium 6250: 6222: 6170: 6164:Western Armenia 6159:Eastern Galicia 6092: 6066: 6030: 6029:Civilian impact 6028: 6014: 5971: 5900: 5732: 5662:Ovambo Uprising 5614: 5496: 5398: 5325: 5243:Battle of Łomża 5226: 5222:Christmas truce 5197:Race to the Sea 5130: 5092: 5014: 4985:Austria-Hungary 4961: 4896:Empire of Japan 4833: 4831: 4820: 4804:U-boat campaign 4790: 4762: 4724: 4676: 4622: 4603:Popular culture 4549: 4544: 4502: 4497: 4488: 4486: 4467: 4465: 4464:on 28 July 2006 4456: 4447: 4445: 4440: 4392:Gallipoli Diary 4373:Gallipoli Diary 4332:The Dardanelles 4327:Callwell, C. E. 4316: 4314: 4286: 4285: 4284: 4269: 4268: 4264: 4257: 4255:Further reading 4252: 4243: 4241: 4223: 4221: 4198: 4196: 4175: 4156: 4137: 4118: 4099: 4044: 4025: 4004: 3985: 3966: 3944: 3922: 3903: 3884: 3865: 3844: 3820: 3812:. Ravi Rikhye. 3801: 3779: 3760: 3702: 3697: 3689: 3685: 3677: 3673: 3665: 3661: 3653: 3649: 3641: 3634: 3626: 3613: 3605: 3601: 3593: 3589: 3581: 3577: 3569: 3565: 3557: 3553: 3545:, p. 446; 3541: 3537: 3529: 3525: 3517: 3513: 3505: 3501: 3493: 3489: 3481: 3474: 3466: 3462: 3454: 3450: 3442: 3438: 3430: 3426: 3418: 3414: 3406: 3402: 3394: 3387: 3379: 3372: 3364: 3357: 3349: 3345: 3337: 3330: 3322: 3318: 3310: 3306: 3298: 3294: 3286: 3282: 3274: 3270: 3262: 3258: 3250: 3246: 3238: 3234: 3226: 3222: 3214: 3210: 3202: 3195: 3187: 3183: 3175: 3171: 3163: 3159: 3151: 3147: 3139: 3132: 3124: 3120: 3112: 3108: 3100: 3096: 3088: 3084: 3076: 3072: 3064: 3060: 3052: 3048: 3040: 3036: 3028: 3024: 3016: 3012: 3004: 3000: 2992: 2988: 2980: 2976: 2968: 2964: 2956: 2952: 2944: 2940: 2932: 2928: 2920: 2916: 2908: 2904: 2896: 2892: 2884: 2880: 2872: 2868: 2860: 2856: 2848: 2844: 2836: 2832: 2824: 2820: 2812: 2808: 2800: 2796: 2788: 2784: 2776: 2772: 2764: 2760: 2752: 2748: 2740: 2736: 2728: 2724: 2716: 2712: 2704: 2700: 2692: 2688: 2680: 2676: 2668: 2664: 2656: 2649: 2641: 2637: 2629: 2622: 2614: 2610: 2602: 2598: 2590: 2586: 2578: 2574: 2566: 2562: 2558:, pp. 6–7. 2554: 2550: 2542: 2538: 2530: 2526: 2518: 2514: 2506: 2493: 2485: 2481: 2473: 2464: 2460: 2455: 2454: 2445: 2441: 2435: 2430: 2427:Queen Elizabeth 2424: 2420: 2409: 2407: 2403: 2397: 2393: 2377: 2374:J. H. Patterson 2371: 2367: 2362: 2358: 2353: 2301: 2255:Alfred Richards 2249:William Kenealy 2228: 2219: 2215: 2211: 2204: 2195: 2171: 2168: 2162: 2153: 2140: 2132: 2129: 2120: 2115: 2110: 2106: 2103: 2101: 2097: 2094: 2079:Queen Elizabeth 2075:Queen Elizabeth 2049: 2045: 2042: 2040: 2023: 2018: 2008: 2000: 1992: 1989: 1975: 1971: 1967: 1962: 1955: 1946: 1941: 1890: 1885: 1877: 1871: 1837: 1832: 1822: 1810: 1805: 1786: 1782: 1774: 1770: 1767: 1765: 1761: 1756: 1752: 1748: 1729: 1725: 1721: 1713: 1710:Queen Elizabeth 1705: 1700: 1689: 1681: 1649: 1639: 1634: 1625: 1622: 1609: 1605: 1597: 1593: 1582: 1574: 1569: 1551: 1546: 1542: 1519: 1509: 1504: 1493:Queen Elizabeth 1487: 1471: 1466: 1462: 1458: 1455: 1445: 1440: 1436: 1433: 1417: 1414: 1378: 1370: 1329: 1309: 1304: 1293:575 casualties. 1292: 1287: 1283: 1271: 1266: 1262: 1258: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1217:Queen Elizabeth 1211: 1191:Queen Elizabeth 1184: 1175: 1167: 1159: 1155: 1151: 1139: 1128: 1119: 1091: 1087: 1078: 1059: 1025: 1013: 1008: 986: 962: 957: 948:Zion Mule Corps 946:and in Egypt a 943: 939: 908: 900: 890: 880: 872: 867: 863: 828: 820: 814: 809: 788:High Seas Fleet 776:Aristide Briand 736:Austria-Hungary 728:English Channel 720:race to the sea 714: 706: 675: 643:Wilhelm Souchon 560:was called the 554: 549: 543: 474:First World War 454: 453: 452: 447: 309: 304: 302: 300: 261: 226: 225: 215: 203: 185: 183: 171: 169: 167: 157: 155: 140:Ottoman victory 132: 82: 49: 47: 43: 40: 35: 32: 30: 28: 27: 25: 17: 12: 11: 5: 7499: 7489: 7488: 7483: 7478: 7473: 7468: 7463: 7458: 7441: 7440: 7438: 7437: 7427: 7424: 7423: 7421: 7420: 7415: 7410: 7405: 7400: 7395: 7393:Jisr ed Damieh 7390: 7385: 7380: 7375: 7370: 7365: 7360: 7355: 7350: 7345: 7340: 7335: 7330: 7325: 7320: 7315: 7310: 7305: 7300: 7295: 7290: 7285: 7280: 7275: 7270: 7265: 7260: 7255: 7250: 7245: 7240: 7235: 7230: 7225: 7220: 7215: 7210: 7205: 7200: 7195: 7190: 7185: 7180: 7175: 7170: 7165: 7160: 7155: 7150: 7145: 7140: 7135: 7130: 7125: 7123:Bir el Hassana 7120: 7115: 7110: 7105: 7100: 7095: 7090: 7085: 7080: 7075: 7070: 7065: 7060: 7055: 7050: 7045: 7040: 7035: 7030: 7025: 7020: 7015: 7010: 7005: 7000: 6995: 6990: 6985: 6980: 6975: 6970: 6965: 6960: 6955: 6950: 6945: 6940: 6935: 6930: 6925: 6920: 6915: 6910: 6905: 6900: 6895: 6889: 6887: 6880: 6879: 6877: 6876: 6871: 6866: 6861: 6856: 6851: 6846: 6841: 6836: 6831: 6826: 6821: 6816: 6811: 6806: 6801: 6796: 6791: 6786: 6781: 6776: 6771: 6766: 6761: 6755: 6753: 6746: 6745: 6743: 6742: 6737: 6732: 6727: 6722: 6717: 6712: 6707: 6701: 6699: 6692: 6691: 6679: 6678: 6671: 6664: 6656: 6647: 6646: 6644: 6643: 6637: 6634: 6633: 6630: 6629: 6627: 6626: 6619: 6612: 6607: 6599: 6597: 6593: 6592: 6589: 6588: 6586: 6585: 6580: 6579: 6578: 6573: 6568: 6563: 6558: 6548: 6543: 6542: 6541: 6536: 6528: 6522: 6520: 6518:Peace treaties 6517: 6514: 6513: 6511: 6510: 6505: 6500: 6495: 6490: 6485: 6480: 6475: 6470: 6465: 6459: 6457: 6453: 6452: 6450: 6449: 6444: 6439: 6434: 6429: 6423: 6421: 6415: 6414: 6412: 6411: 6406: 6404:United Kingdom 6401: 6396: 6394:Ottoman Empire 6391: 6386: 6381: 6376: 6371: 6365: 6363: 6356: 6351: 6348: 6347: 6344: 6343: 6341: 6340: 6335: 6330: 6325: 6320: 6319: 6318: 6313: 6308: 6298: 6296:Sack of Dinant 6293: 6288: 6283: 6282: 6281: 6276: 6275: 6274: 6260: 6258: 6252: 6251: 6249: 6248: 6247: 6246: 6244:United Kingdom 6241: 6232: 6230: 6224: 6223: 6221: 6220: 6219: 6218: 6213: 6204: 6198:POW locations 6196: 6191: 6190: 6189: 6180: 6178: 6172: 6171: 6169: 6168: 6167: 6166: 6161: 6153: 6148: 6147: 6146: 6139: 6134: 6129: 6121: 6120: 6119: 6114: 6106: 6100: 6098: 6094: 6093: 6091: 6090: 6085: 6080: 6074: 6072: 6065: 6064: 6063: 6062: 6057: 6049: 6044: 6043: 6042: 6033: 6031: 6023: 6020: 6019: 6016: 6015: 6013: 6012: 6007: 6006: 6005: 5998:United Kingdom 5995: 5993:Ottoman Empire 5990: 5985: 5979: 5977: 5970: 5969: 5967:Trench warfare 5964: 5963: 5962: 5952: 5947: 5942: 5937: 5932: 5931: 5930: 5919: 5917: 5910: 5906: 5905: 5902: 5901: 5899: 5898: 5892: 5886: 5880: 5874: 5873: 5872: 5866: 5860: 5854: 5843: 5837: 5831: 5825: 5819: 5813: 5807: 5801: 5795: 5789: 5783: 5777: 5771: 5765: 5759: 5753: 5747: 5740: 5738: 5734: 5733: 5731: 5730: 5724: 5718: 5712: 5706: 5700: 5694: 5688: 5683: 5680:Volta-Bani War 5677: 5671: 5665: 5659: 5653: 5647: 5641: 5635: 5629: 5622: 5620: 5616: 5615: 5613: 5612: 5607: 5602: 5597: 5592: 5587: 5582: 5577: 5572: 5567: 5562: 5557: 5552: 5547: 5542: 5537: 5532: 5527: 5525:Zeebrugge Raid 5522: 5517: 5512: 5506: 5504: 5498: 5497: 5495: 5494: 5489: 5484: 5479: 5474: 5469: 5464: 5459: 5454: 5449: 5444: 5439: 5434: 5429: 5424: 5419: 5414: 5408: 5406: 5400: 5399: 5397: 5396: 5391: 5386: 5381: 5376: 5371: 5370: 5369: 5359: 5354: 5349: 5344: 5339: 5333: 5331: 5327: 5326: 5324: 5323: 5318: 5316:Battle of Loos 5313: 5308: 5303: 5298: 5293: 5288: 5283: 5278: 5273: 5268: 5263: 5258: 5250: 5245: 5240: 5234: 5232: 5228: 5227: 5225: 5224: 5219: 5214: 5209: 5207:Black Sea raid 5204: 5199: 5194: 5189: 5184: 5179: 5174: 5169: 5164: 5159: 5154: 5149: 5144: 5138: 5136: 5132: 5131: 5129: 5128: 5123: 5118: 5113: 5112: 5111: 5109:Historiography 5100: 5098: 5094: 5093: 5091: 5090: 5084: 5078: 5072: 5066: 5063:Bosnian Crisis 5060: 5057:Tangier Crisis 5054: 5048: 5042: 5035: 5033: 5026: 5020: 5019: 5016: 5015: 5013: 5012: 5007: 5002: 4997: 4992: 4990:Ottoman Empire 4987: 4982: 4977: 4971: 4969: 4967:Central Powers 4963: 4962: 4960: 4959: 4954: 4953: 4952: 4950:British Empire 4945:United Kingdom 4942: 4937: 4932: 4931: 4930: 4925: 4923:Russian Empire 4915: 4910: 4905: 4900: 4899: 4898: 4888: 4883: 4878: 4877: 4876: 4866: 4861: 4856: 4851: 4845: 4843: 4841:Entente Powers 4834: 4829: 4826: 4825: 4822: 4821: 4819: 4818: 4813: 4812: 4811: 4809:North Atlantic 4800: 4798: 4792: 4791: 4789: 4788: 4783: 4778: 4772: 4770: 4764: 4763: 4761: 4760: 4755: 4750: 4745: 4740: 4734: 4732: 4726: 4725: 4723: 4722: 4720:Central Arabia 4717: 4712: 4707: 4702: 4697: 4692: 4686: 4684: 4682:Middle Eastern 4678: 4677: 4675: 4674: 4669: 4668: 4667: 4657: 4652: 4651: 4650: 4639: 4637: 4628: 4624: 4623: 4621: 4620: 4615: 4610: 4605: 4600: 4595: 4590: 4585: 4583:Historiography 4580: 4575: 4570: 4565: 4560: 4554: 4551: 4550: 4543: 4542: 4535: 4528: 4520: 4514: 4513: 4508: 4501: 4500:External links 4498: 4496: 4495: 4474: 4454: 4432: 4431: 4405: 4386: 4364: 4345: 4323: 4287: 4283: 4282: 4277: 4271: 4270: 4259: 4258: 4256: 4253: 4251: 4250: 4230: 4205: 4180: 4179: 4173: 4165:Gallipoli 1915 4160: 4154: 4141: 4135: 4122: 4116: 4103: 4097: 4084: 4067: 4048: 4042: 4029: 4023: 4008: 4002: 3989: 3983: 3970: 3964: 3954:, ed. (2001). 3948: 3942: 3926: 3920: 3907: 3901: 3888: 3882: 3869: 3863: 3848: 3842: 3828:Corbett, J. S. 3824: 3818: 3805: 3799: 3783: 3777: 3764: 3758: 3745: 3728: 3703: 3701: 3698: 3696: 3695: 3683: 3671: 3659: 3647: 3632: 3630:, p. 231. 3611: 3609:, p. 227. 3599: 3597:, p. 294. 3587: 3575: 3563: 3551: 3549:, p. 225. 3535: 3533:, p. 318. 3523: 3521:, p. 265. 3511: 3509:, p. 279. 3499: 3487: 3485:, p. 254. 3472: 3460: 3448: 3436: 3424: 3412: 3410:, p. 264. 3400: 3385: 3370: 3355: 3343: 3328: 3316: 3304: 3292: 3280: 3268: 3256: 3244: 3232: 3220: 3208: 3193: 3181: 3179:, p. 236. 3169: 3157: 3155:, p. 243. 3145: 3130: 3118: 3106: 3094: 3082: 3070: 3058: 3046: 3034: 3022: 3010: 3008:, p. 233. 2998: 2996:, p. 218. 2986: 2974: 2962: 2950: 2946:Patterson 1916 2938: 2934:Alexander 1917 2926: 2924:, p. 122. 2914: 2902: 2890: 2878: 2866: 2864:, p. 170. 2854: 2842: 2830: 2818: 2806: 2794: 2782: 2778:Broadbent 2005 2770: 2768:, p. 115. 2758: 2746: 2734: 2732:, p. 224. 2722: 2720:, p. 238. 2710: 2708:, p. 577. 2698: 2686: 2674: 2670:Broadbent 2005 2662: 2647: 2635: 2620: 2616:Broadbent 2005 2608: 2604:Broadbent 2005 2596: 2584: 2572: 2568:Broadbent 2005 2560: 2548: 2536: 2524: 2512: 2491: 2479: 2461: 2459: 2456: 2453: 2452: 2439: 2418: 2401: 2391: 2365: 2355: 2354: 2352: 2349: 2309:Arthur Tisdall 2300: 2297: 2289:London Gazette 2280:London Gazette 2270: 2269: 2267:Richard Willis 2263: 2257: 2251: 2245: 2239: 2227: 2226:Victoria Cross 2224: 2203:positions. By 2164:Main article: 2161: 2158: 2128: 2125: 2114:battalions by 2092: 2022: 2019: 2017: 2014: 1988: 1985: 1884:Kum Kale, 1915 1883: 1873:Main article: 1870: 1867: 1862:B. C. Freyberg 1836: 1833: 1831: 1828: 1701:5:15–5:45 a.m. 1648: 1645: 1621: 1618: 1580: 1573: 1572:Covering force 1570: 1568: 1561: 1518: 1515: 1454: 1451: 1431: 1412: 1315: 1308: 1307:Covering force 1305: 1303: 1296: 1201: 1134: 1127: 1124: 1106:to the beach. 1019: 1012: 1011:Covering force 1009: 1007: 1004: 961: 960:Air operations 958: 956: 953: 906: 899: 896: 860:Halil Sami Bey 858:under Colonel 826: 816:Main article: 813: 810: 808: 805: 744:Sea of Okhotsk 712: 705: 702: 672:Central Powers 558:Ottoman Empire 553: 550: 545:Main article: 542: 539: 449: 448: 446: 445: 440: 435: 430: 425: 420: 415: 410: 403: 396: 389: 386:3rd Anzac Cove 382: 379:2nd Anzac Cove 375: 372:1st Anzac Cove 368: 361: 354: 349: 344: 339: 334: 329: 322: 314: 311: 310: 299: 298: 291: 284: 276: 268: 267: 264: 255: 254: 250: 249: 246: 242: 241: 237: 236: 223:Halil Sami Bey 213: 200: 199: 195: 194: 192:Ottoman Empire 181: 164:United Kingdom 151: 150: 146: 145: 142: 141: 138: 134: 133: 130:Ottoman Empire 116: 114: 110: 109: 106: 98: 97: 74: 73: 66: 65: 59: 58: 21:Main article: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7498: 7487: 7484: 7482: 7479: 7477: 7474: 7472: 7469: 7467: 7464: 7462: 7459: 7457: 7454: 7453: 7451: 7436: 7433: 7429: 7428: 7425: 7419: 7416: 7414: 7411: 7409: 7406: 7404: 7401: 7399: 7396: 7394: 7391: 7389: 7386: 7384: 7381: 7379: 7376: 7374: 7371: 7369: 7366: 7364: 7361: 7359: 7356: 7354: 7351: 7349: 7346: 7344: 7341: 7339: 7336: 7334: 7331: 7329: 7326: 7324: 7321: 7319: 7316: 7314: 7311: 7309: 7306: 7304: 7301: 7299: 7296: 7294: 7291: 7289: 7286: 7284: 7281: 7279: 7276: 7274: 7271: 7269: 7266: 7264: 7261: 7259: 7256: 7254: 7251: 7249: 7246: 7244: 7241: 7239: 7238:Khan Baghdadi 7236: 7234: 7231: 7229: 7226: 7224: 7221: 7219: 7216: 7214: 7211: 7209: 7206: 7204: 7201: 7199: 7196: 7194: 7191: 7189: 7186: 7184: 7181: 7179: 7176: 7174: 7171: 7169: 7166: 7164: 7161: 7159: 7156: 7154: 7151: 7149: 7146: 7144: 7141: 7139: 7136: 7134: 7131: 7129: 7126: 7124: 7121: 7119: 7116: 7114: 7111: 7109: 7106: 7104: 7101: 7099: 7096: 7094: 7091: 7089: 7086: 7084: 7081: 7079: 7076: 7074: 7071: 7069: 7066: 7064: 7061: 7059: 7056: 7054: 7051: 7049: 7046: 7044: 7041: 7039: 7036: 7034: 7031: 7029: 7026: 7024: 7021: 7019: 7016: 7014: 7011: 7009: 7006: 7004: 7001: 6999: 6996: 6994: 6991: 6989: 6988:Kara Killisse 6986: 6984: 6981: 6979: 6976: 6974: 6971: 6969: 6966: 6964: 6961: 6959: 6956: 6954: 6951: 6949: 6946: 6944: 6941: 6939: 6936: 6934: 6931: 6929: 6926: 6924: 6921: 6919: 6916: 6914: 6911: 6909: 6906: 6904: 6901: 6899: 6896: 6894: 6891: 6890: 6888: 6885: 6881: 6875: 6872: 6870: 6867: 6865: 6862: 6860: 6857: 6855: 6852: 6850: 6847: 6845: 6842: 6840: 6837: 6835: 6832: 6830: 6827: 6825: 6822: 6820: 6817: 6815: 6812: 6810: 6807: 6805: 6802: 6800: 6797: 6795: 6792: 6790: 6787: 6785: 6782: 6780: 6777: 6775: 6772: 6770: 6767: 6765: 6762: 6760: 6757: 6756: 6754: 6751: 6747: 6741: 6738: 6736: 6733: 6731: 6728: 6726: 6723: 6721: 6718: 6716: 6713: 6711: 6708: 6706: 6703: 6702: 6700: 6697: 6693: 6686: 6677: 6672: 6670: 6665: 6663: 6658: 6657: 6654: 6642: 6639: 6638: 6635: 6625: 6624: 6620: 6618: 6617: 6613: 6611: 6608: 6606: 6605: 6601: 6600: 6598: 6594: 6584: 6581: 6577: 6574: 6572: 6569: 6567: 6564: 6562: 6559: 6557: 6554: 6553: 6552: 6549: 6547: 6544: 6540: 6537: 6535: 6532: 6531: 6529: 6527: 6524: 6523: 6521: 6515: 6509: 6506: 6504: 6501: 6499: 6496: 6494: 6491: 6489: 6486: 6484: 6481: 6479: 6476: 6474: 6471: 6469: 6466: 6464: 6461: 6460: 6458: 6454: 6448: 6445: 6443: 6440: 6438: 6435: 6433: 6430: 6428: 6425: 6424: 6422: 6420: 6416: 6410: 6409:United States 6407: 6405: 6402: 6400: 6397: 6395: 6392: 6390: 6387: 6385: 6382: 6380: 6377: 6375: 6372: 6370: 6367: 6366: 6364: 6360: 6357: 6354: 6349: 6339: 6336: 6334: 6331: 6329: 6326: 6324: 6321: 6317: 6314: 6312: 6309: 6307: 6304: 6303: 6302: 6299: 6297: 6294: 6292: 6289: 6287: 6284: 6280: 6277: 6273: 6270: 6269: 6268: 6265: 6264: 6262: 6261: 6259: 6257: 6253: 6245: 6242: 6240: 6237: 6236: 6234: 6233: 6231: 6229: 6225: 6217: 6214: 6212: 6208: 6205: 6203: 6200: 6199: 6197: 6195: 6192: 6188: 6185: 6184: 6182: 6181: 6179: 6177: 6173: 6165: 6162: 6160: 6157: 6156: 6154: 6152: 6149: 6145: 6144: 6140: 6138: 6135: 6133: 6130: 6128: 6125: 6124: 6122: 6118: 6115: 6113: 6110: 6109: 6107: 6105: 6102: 6101: 6099: 6095: 6089: 6086: 6084: 6081: 6079: 6076: 6075: 6073: 6069: 6061: 6058: 6056: 6053: 6052: 6050: 6048: 6045: 6041: 6038: 6037: 6035: 6034: 6032: 6026: 6021: 6011: 6010:United States 6008: 6004: 6001: 6000: 5999: 5996: 5994: 5991: 5989: 5986: 5984: 5981: 5980: 5978: 5974: 5968: 5965: 5961: 5960:Convoy system 5958: 5957: 5956: 5955:Naval warfare 5953: 5951: 5948: 5946: 5943: 5941: 5938: 5936: 5933: 5929: 5926: 5925: 5924: 5921: 5920: 5918: 5914: 5911: 5907: 5896: 5893: 5890: 5887: 5884: 5881: 5878: 5875: 5870: 5867: 5864: 5861: 5858: 5855: 5852: 5849: 5848: 5847: 5844: 5841: 5838: 5835: 5832: 5829: 5826: 5823: 5820: 5817: 5814: 5811: 5808: 5805: 5802: 5799: 5796: 5793: 5790: 5787: 5784: 5781: 5778: 5775: 5772: 5769: 5766: 5763: 5760: 5757: 5754: 5751: 5748: 5745: 5742: 5741: 5739: 5735: 5728: 5725: 5722: 5719: 5716: 5715:Kaocen revolt 5713: 5710: 5709:Easter Rising 5707: 5704: 5701: 5698: 5695: 5692: 5689: 5687: 5684: 5681: 5678: 5675: 5672: 5669: 5666: 5663: 5660: 5657: 5654: 5651: 5648: 5645: 5642: 5639: 5636: 5633: 5630: 5627: 5624: 5623: 5621: 5617: 5611: 5608: 5606: 5603: 5601: 5598: 5596: 5593: 5591: 5588: 5586: 5583: 5581: 5578: 5576: 5573: 5571: 5568: 5566: 5563: 5561: 5558: 5556: 5553: 5551: 5548: 5546: 5543: 5541: 5538: 5536: 5533: 5531: 5528: 5526: 5523: 5521: 5518: 5516: 5513: 5511: 5508: 5507: 5505: 5503: 5499: 5493: 5490: 5488: 5485: 5483: 5480: 5478: 5475: 5473: 5470: 5468: 5465: 5463: 5460: 5458: 5455: 5453: 5450: 5448: 5445: 5443: 5440: 5438: 5435: 5433: 5430: 5428: 5425: 5423: 5420: 5418: 5415: 5413: 5410: 5409: 5407: 5405: 5401: 5395: 5392: 5390: 5387: 5385: 5382: 5380: 5377: 5375: 5372: 5368: 5365: 5364: 5363: 5360: 5358: 5355: 5353: 5350: 5348: 5345: 5343: 5340: 5338: 5335: 5334: 5332: 5328: 5322: 5319: 5317: 5314: 5312: 5309: 5307: 5304: 5302: 5299: 5297: 5294: 5292: 5289: 5287: 5284: 5282: 5281:Great Retreat 5279: 5277: 5274: 5272: 5269: 5267: 5264: 5262: 5259: 5257: 5256: 5251: 5249: 5246: 5244: 5241: 5239: 5236: 5235: 5233: 5229: 5223: 5220: 5218: 5215: 5213: 5210: 5208: 5205: 5203: 5200: 5198: 5195: 5193: 5190: 5188: 5185: 5183: 5180: 5178: 5175: 5173: 5170: 5168: 5165: 5163: 5160: 5158: 5155: 5153: 5152:Battle of Cer 5150: 5148: 5145: 5143: 5140: 5139: 5137: 5133: 5127: 5124: 5122: 5119: 5117: 5114: 5110: 5107: 5106: 5105: 5102: 5101: 5099: 5095: 5088: 5085: 5082: 5079: 5076: 5073: 5070: 5069:Agadir Crisis 5067: 5064: 5061: 5058: 5055: 5052: 5049: 5046: 5043: 5040: 5037: 5036: 5034: 5030: 5027: 5025: 5021: 5011: 5008: 5006: 5003: 5001: 4998: 4996: 4993: 4991: 4988: 4986: 4983: 4981: 4978: 4976: 4973: 4972: 4970: 4968: 4964: 4958: 4957:United States 4955: 4951: 4948: 4947: 4946: 4943: 4941: 4938: 4936: 4933: 4929: 4926: 4924: 4921: 4920: 4919: 4916: 4914: 4911: 4909: 4906: 4904: 4901: 4897: 4894: 4893: 4892: 4889: 4887: 4884: 4882: 4879: 4875: 4874:French Empire 4872: 4871: 4870: 4867: 4865: 4862: 4860: 4857: 4855: 4852: 4850: 4847: 4846: 4844: 4842: 4838: 4835: 4827: 4817: 4816:Mediterranean 4814: 4810: 4807: 4806: 4805: 4802: 4801: 4799: 4797: 4796:Naval warfare 4793: 4787: 4784: 4782: 4779: 4777: 4774: 4773: 4771: 4769: 4765: 4759: 4756: 4754: 4751: 4749: 4746: 4744: 4741: 4739: 4736: 4735: 4733: 4731: 4727: 4721: 4718: 4716: 4713: 4711: 4708: 4706: 4703: 4701: 4698: 4696: 4693: 4691: 4688: 4687: 4685: 4683: 4679: 4673: 4672:Italian Front 4670: 4666: 4663: 4662: 4661: 4660:Eastern Front 4658: 4656: 4655:Western Front 4653: 4649: 4646: 4645: 4644: 4641: 4640: 4638: 4636: 4632: 4629: 4625: 4619: 4616: 4614: 4613:Puppet states 4611: 4609: 4606: 4604: 4601: 4599: 4596: 4594: 4591: 4589: 4586: 4584: 4581: 4579: 4576: 4574: 4571: 4569: 4566: 4564: 4561: 4559: 4556: 4555: 4552: 4548: 4541: 4536: 4534: 4529: 4527: 4522: 4521: 4518: 4512: 4509: 4507: 4504: 4503: 4484: 4480: 4475: 4463: 4459: 4455: 4443: 4439: 4438: 4437: 4436: 4428: 4424: 4420: 4416: 4415: 4410: 4406: 4402: 4398: 4394: 4393: 4387: 4383: 4379: 4375: 4374: 4369: 4365: 4361: 4357: 4353: 4352: 4346: 4342: 4338: 4334: 4333: 4328: 4324: 4313: 4309: 4305: 4301: 4300: 4294: 4293: 4292: 4291: 4281: 4278: 4276: 4273: 4272: 4267: 4262: 4240: 4236: 4231: 4219: 4215: 4211: 4206: 4195: 4192: 4187: 4186: 4185: 4184: 4176: 4174:0-7524-2551-X 4170: 4166: 4161: 4157: 4155:0-19-926191-1 4151: 4147: 4142: 4138: 4136:0-330-49058-3 4132: 4128: 4123: 4119: 4117:9780750905664 4113: 4109: 4104: 4100: 4094: 4090: 4085: 4081: 4077: 4073: 4068: 4064: 4060: 4056: 4055: 4049: 4045: 4043:0-7126-6645-1 4039: 4035: 4030: 4026: 4024:1-84342-413-4 4020: 4016: 4015: 4009: 4005: 3999: 3995: 3990: 3986: 3984:0-19-285362-7 3980: 3976: 3971: 3967: 3965:0-19-866209-2 3961: 3957: 3953: 3949: 3945: 3943:0-275-98288-2 3939: 3935: 3931: 3927: 3923: 3921:1-84342-265-4 3917: 3913: 3908: 3904: 3902:1-74114-045-5 3898: 3894: 3889: 3885: 3879: 3875: 3870: 3866: 3860: 3856: 3855: 3849: 3845: 3839: 3835: 3834: 3829: 3825: 3821: 3815: 3811: 3806: 3802: 3800:0-7329-1089-7 3796: 3792: 3788: 3784: 3780: 3778:0-670-04085-1 3774: 3770: 3765: 3761: 3755: 3751: 3746: 3742: 3738: 3734: 3729: 3725: 3721: 3717: 3716: 3710: 3709: 3708: 3707: 3692: 3687: 3681:, p. 16. 3680: 3679:Snelling 1995 3675: 3668: 3663: 3656: 3651: 3644: 3639: 3637: 3629: 3624: 3622: 3620: 3618: 3616: 3608: 3603: 3596: 3591: 3584: 3579: 3572: 3567: 3561:, p. 30. 3560: 3555: 3548: 3547:Chappell 2008 3544: 3539: 3532: 3527: 3520: 3515: 3508: 3503: 3496: 3491: 3484: 3479: 3477: 3469: 3464: 3457: 3452: 3445: 3440: 3433: 3428: 3421: 3416: 3409: 3404: 3397: 3392: 3390: 3383:, p. 77. 3382: 3377: 3375: 3367: 3362: 3360: 3352: 3347: 3340: 3335: 3333: 3325: 3320: 3313: 3308: 3301: 3296: 3289: 3284: 3278:, p. 72. 3277: 3272: 3265: 3260: 3253: 3248: 3241: 3236: 3229: 3224: 3218:, p. 62. 3217: 3212: 3205: 3200: 3198: 3190: 3185: 3178: 3173: 3166: 3161: 3154: 3149: 3142: 3137: 3135: 3127: 3122: 3116:, p. 71. 3115: 3110: 3104:, p. 22. 3103: 3098: 3091: 3086: 3079: 3074: 3067: 3062: 3055: 3050: 3043: 3038: 3031: 3026: 3019: 3014: 3007: 3002: 2995: 2990: 2983: 2978: 2971: 2966: 2959: 2954: 2947: 2942: 2935: 2930: 2923: 2918: 2911: 2906: 2899: 2894: 2887: 2882: 2875: 2870: 2863: 2858: 2851: 2846: 2839: 2834: 2827: 2822: 2815: 2810: 2803: 2798: 2792:, p. 20. 2791: 2786: 2779: 2774: 2767: 2766:Strachan 2003 2762: 2756:, p. 34. 2755: 2750: 2743: 2742:Corbett 2009a 2738: 2731: 2726: 2719: 2714: 2707: 2702: 2696:, p. 48. 2695: 2690: 2684:, p. 47. 2683: 2678: 2672:, p. 19. 2671: 2666: 2660:, p. 44. 2659: 2654: 2652: 2645:, p. 53. 2644: 2639: 2632: 2627: 2625: 2617: 2612: 2606:, p. 18. 2605: 2600: 2594:, p. 52. 2593: 2588: 2582:, p. 41. 2581: 2576: 2569: 2564: 2557: 2552: 2545: 2540: 2533: 2528: 2521: 2516: 2509: 2504: 2502: 2500: 2498: 2496: 2489:, p. 36. 2488: 2483: 2477:, p. 33. 2476: 2471: 2469: 2467: 2462: 2449: 2443: 2428: 2422: 2415: 2405: 2395: 2388: 2384: 2375: 2369: 2360: 2356: 2348: 2346: 2342: 2339: 2335: 2331: 2330:George Drewry 2328: 2324: 2323:George Samson 2321: 2317: 2314: 2310: 2306: 2296: 2294: 2290: 2284: 2282: 2281: 2276: 2268: 2264: 2262: 2258: 2256: 2252: 2250: 2246: 2244: 2243:John Grimshaw 2240: 2238: 2234: 2233: 2232: 2223: 2216:2,000 British 2201: 2193: 2189: 2185: 2180: 2177: 2167: 2157: 2151: 2147: 2133:1,898 Ottoman 2124: 2095:Hunter-Weston 2091: 2087: 2083: 2080: 2076: 2072: 2067: 2065: 2059: 2057: 2036: 2033: 2027: 2013: 2006: 1998: 1984: 1982: 1959: 1953: 1952:Jauréguiberry 1938: 1933: 1929: 1928: 1923: 1922: 1921:Prince George 1916: 1915: 1910: 1909: 1904: 1903: 1898: 1897: 1896:Jauréguiberry 1881: 1876: 1866: 1863: 1859: 1858: 1852: 1851: 1845: 1844: 1827: 1819: 1814: 1803: 1798: 1796: 1792: 1742: 1738: 1734: 1726:9:00 a.m. and 1718: 1711: 1698: 1693: 1687: 1679: 1678: 1672: 1671: 1665: 1664: 1658: 1657: 1644: 1630: 1617: 1615: 1602: 1590: 1578: 1566: 1560: 1558: 1552:2,000 Ottoman 1543:63 Borderers, 1540: 1535: 1533: 1529: 1525: 1514: 1501: 1498: 1494: 1484: 1482: 1478: 1450: 1430: 1426: 1423: 1411: 1409: 1403: 1400: 1399: 1393: 1388: 1384: 1376: 1368: 1364: 1363: 1357: 1353: 1348: 1346: 1341: 1337: 1327: 1326:Ernest Brooks 1323: 1319: 1313: 1301: 1295: 1279: 1277: 1256: 1236: 1232: 1231: 1225: 1224: 1218: 1209: 1205: 1199: 1195: 1193: 1192: 1182: 1173: 1165: 1149: 1148: 1138: 1132: 1123: 1117: 1113: 1109: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1084: 1075: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1057: 1053: 1049: 1048: 1042: 1038: 1033: 1023: 1017: 1003: 1001: 1000: 994: 993: 983: 978: 974: 973: 967: 952: 949: 936: 935: 930: 925: 923: 919: 914: 904: 895: 887: 876: 861: 857: 851: 848: 844: 840: 835: 824: 819: 804: 801: 797: 793: 789: 785: 781: 777: 773: 771: 767: 763: 759: 758: 753: 749: 748:Eastern Front 745: 741: 737: 733: 732:German Empire 729: 725: 722:in France, a 721: 710: 701: 699: 698:British India 695: 691: 687: 683: 682: 673: 669: 665: 664: 659: 658: 653: 649: 644: 638: 635: 631: 630: 624: 623: 616: 615: 610: 609: 604: 600: 595: 590: 588: 584: 580: 576: 571: 567: 563: 559: 548: 538: 536: 533: 532:Major General 528: 526: 522: 518: 514: 510: 506: 502: 497: 495: 491: 487: 486:29th Division 483: 479: 475: 471: 467: 463: 459: 444: 441: 439: 436: 434: 433:Scimitar Hill 431: 429: 426: 424: 421: 419: 416: 414: 411: 409: 408: 404: 402: 401: 397: 395: 394: 390: 388: 387: 383: 381: 380: 376: 374: 373: 369: 367: 366: 362: 360: 359: 355: 353: 350: 348: 345: 343: 340: 338: 335: 333: 330: 328: 327: 323: 321: 320: 316: 315: 312: 307: 297: 292: 290: 285: 283: 278: 277: 274: 265: 257: 256: 251: 247: 244: 243: 238: 235: 230: 224: 219: 214: 212: 207: 202: 201: 196: 193: 182: 179: 165: 153: 152: 147: 139: 136: 135: 131: 127: 123: 119: 115: 112: 111: 107: 104: 103: 99: 96: 92: 91: 85: 80: 75: 72: 67: 62: 57: 54: 24: 19: 7431: 7208:Mughar Ridge 7198:Wadi el Hesi 7138:Jebel Hamlin 6922: 6839:İmroz (Elli) 6621: 6614: 6602: 6209: / 6141: 5976:Conscription 5940:Cryptography 5877:Iraqi Revolt 5311:Siege of Kut 5254: 4832:participants 4781:German Samoa 4715:South Arabia 4487:. Retrieved 4482: 4468:17 September 4466:. Retrieved 4462:the original 4448:17 September 4446:. Retrieved 4434: 4433: 4418: 4413: 4391: 4372: 4350: 4331: 4315:. Retrieved 4298: 4289: 4288: 4265: 4242:. Retrieved 4238: 4222:. Retrieved 4218:the original 4213: 4197:. 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Photo by 1267:25–27 April 1255:River Clyde 1235:River Clyde 1181:River Clyde 1172:River Clyde 1137:River Clyde 1112:River Clyde 1104:River Clyde 1096:River Clyde 1056:Sally ports 1047:River Clyde 1022:River Clyde 992:Turgut Reis 944:2,000 carts 940:4,316 mules 922:Cape Helles 898:Allied plan 834:battleships 766:Dardanelles 690:Mesopotamia 594:July Crisis 592:During the 583:Enver Pasha 566:Young Turks 507:and a real 494:Dardanelles 428:Chunuk Bair 342:3rd Krithia 337:2nd Krithia 332:1st Krithia 118:Cape Helles 90:River Clyde 48: / 7450:Categories 7408:Khan Ayash 7313:Abu Tellul 7273:Karakilisa 7268:Sardarabad 7233:Tell 'Asur 7098:Bir el Abd 6908:Suez Canal 6898:Sarikamish 6799:Lüleburgaz 6456:Agreements 6256:War crimes 6132:Luxembourg 6025:Casualties 4903:Montenegro 4738:South West 4618:Technology 4608:Propaganda 4598:Opposition 3952:Holmes, R. 3830:(2009a) . 3700:References 2958:Jones 2002 2436:11:00 p.m. 2431:5:30 p.m., 2414:Implacable 2410:11:00 a.m. 2387:Trumpeldor 2385:. Captain 2327:Midshipmen 2275:War Office 2196:12/13 May, 2186:) entered 2127:Casualties 2116:1:00 p.m., 2009:10:00 a.m. 2001:8:30 a.m., 1974:including 1956:8:30 p.m., 1942:10:00 a.m. 1830:Diversions 1823:11:00 a.m. 1806:6:30 a.m., 1762:11:00 p.m. 1757:5:40 p.m., 1730:3:00 p.m., 1722:11:00 a.m. 1706:7:30 a.m., 1640:6:00 p.m., 1620:Main force 1614:Implacable 1606:8:00 a.m., 1589:Implacable 1557:Cornwallis 1539:Cornwallis 1528:Cornwallis 1472:11:30 a.m. 1467:10:21 a.m. 1453:Main force 1441:7:15 a.m., 1422:Implacable 1387:Implacable 1362:Implacable 1239:4:00 p.m., 1230:Cornwallis 1185:10:21 a.m. 1126:Main force 1120:9:00 a.m., 1070:(from the 1060:2,000 men; 1024:at V Beach 982:flare guns 886:Maxim guns 847:Fifth Army 843:Alexandria 752:Baltic Sea 541:Background 525:Besika Bay 482:Royal Navy 36:26°10′31″E 33:40°02′35″N 7413:2nd Amman 7318:2nd Arara 7248:1st Amman 7218:Jerusalem 7213:Ayun Kara 7178:Khuweilfe 7173:Beersheba 7168:Wadi Musa 7153:Istabulat 7068:Trebizond 7043:Sağ Sahil 7013:Sarıbayır 7008:Conkbayır 6983:Manzikert 6978:Zığındere 6973:3rd Kirte 6963:No.3 Post 6958:2nd Kirte 6943:1st Kirte 6353:Diplomacy 6060:Olympians 5983:Australia 5950:Logistics 5883:Vlora War 5812:(1918–19) 5788:(1918–19) 5782:(1918–19) 5770:(1918–19) 5717:(1916–17) 5699:(1916–17) 5650:Zaian War 5640:(1914–15) 5367:first day 5255:Lusitania 5083:(1912–13) 5077:(1911–12) 5065:(1908–09) 5059:(1905–06) 5041:(1870–71) 4830:Principal 4690:Gallipoli 4593:Memorials 4578:Geography 4568:Aftermath 4401:816494856 4382:816494856 4360:253010093 4341:362267054 4312:220878987 4108:Gallipoli 4080:841805505 4063:466253048 3932:(2004) . 3791:Gallipoli 3741:464479053 3655:Lord 2014 2458:Footnotes 2259:Sergeant 2253:Sergeant 2241:Corporal 2205:6:00 p.m. 2172:8:00 a.m. 2121:8:00 a.m. 2016:Aftermath 1997:Beşik Bay 1987:Beşik Bay 1963:50–60 men 1947:5:30 p.m. 1919:HMS 1891:5:15 a.m. 1855:HMS 1850:Dartmouth 1848:HMS 1841:HMS 1811:7:00 a.m. 1753:4:00 p.m. 1749:1:00 p.m. 1714:8:20 a.m. 1690:4:15 a.m. 1682:2:30 a.m. 1675:HMS 1668:HMS 1661:HMS 1654:HMS 1643:Y Beach. 1635:1:00 p.m. 1626:9:00 a.m. 1598:7:30 a.m. 1594:6:30 a.m. 1563:X Beach ( 1547:8:00 a.m. 1532:escaladed 1505:5:00 p.m. 1488:3:00 p.m. 1477:Swiftsure 1463:9:00 a.m. 1459:8:30 a.m. 1446:7:30 a.m. 1398:Swiftsure 1396:HMS 1379:5:00 a.m. 1371:4:00 a.m. 1369:at about 1360:HMS 1322:Gallipoli 1298:W Beach ( 1288:3:00 p.m. 1284:1:00 a.m. 1272:5:00 a.m. 1259:3:00 a.m. 1247:7:00 p.m. 1243:5:30 p.m. 1228:HMS 1221:HMS 1189:HMS 1176:9:30 a.m. 1168:9:00 a.m. 1156:8:30 a.m. 1145:HMS 1083:enfiladed 1079:6:30 a.m. 997:HMS 987:5:21 a.m. 972:Ark Royal 970:HMS 762:Black Sea 740:White Sea 627:SMS 620:SMS 515:, by the 513:Gaba Tepe 490:Achi Baba 423:Lone Pine 413:Sari Bair 393:No.3 Post 122:Gallipoli 7383:Damascus 7363:Tiberias 7343:Nazareth 7293:Binagadi 7288:Kurdamir 7183:3rd Gaza 7148:2nd Gaza 7143:1st Gaza 7133:Samarrah 7108:Magdhaba 7078:Erzincan 6938:Baby 700 6834:Merhamli 6819:Monastir 6784:Kumanovo 6779:Sorovich 6715:Benghazi 6641:Category 6228:Refugees 6194:Italians 6183:Germans 6143:Ober Ost 5923:Aviation 5024:Timeline 4995:Bulgaria 4776:Tsingtao 4753:Togoland 4700:Caucasus 4635:European 4627:Theatres 4435:Websites 4427:69108964 4411:(1919). 4370:(1920). 4329:(1919). 4183:Websites 3789:(2001). 3724:12034903 2265:Captain 2247:Private 2235:Captain 2093:— 2071:Euryalus 2021:Analysis 1902:Henri IV 1791:adjutant 1787:697 men. 1663:Sapphire 1656:Amethyst 1510:6:1, the 1481:Euryalus 1432:— 1413:— 1408:Euryalus 1392:Euryalus 1383:Euryalus 1375:Euryalus 1356:Euryalus 1345:enfilade 1160:9:00 the 1147:Euryalus 1092:300 were 1045:SS 916:General 792:Bulgaria 614:Reşadiye 570:Mehmed V 521:Kum Kale 443:Hill 800 400:Baby 700 240:Strength 113:Location 88:SS 7418:Haritan 7398:Sharqat 7333:Tulkarm 7323:Megiddo 7278:Goychay 7228:Jericho 7188:Baghdad 7128:2nd Kut 7038:1st Kut 7023:Hill 60 6928:Kumkale 6903:Ardahan 6859:Bolayır 6844:Korytsa 6764:Yenidje 6705:Preveza 6379:Germany 6279:Germany 6207:Germany 6127:Belgium 6112:Albania 6071:Disease 6051:Sports 6003:Ireland 5916:Warfare 5909:Aspects 5104:Origins 5097:Prelude 5000:Senussi 4980:Germany 4975:Leaders 4913:Romania 4854:Belgium 4849:Leaders 4748:Kamerun 4730:African 4665:Romania 4643:Balkans 4558:Outline 2299:V Beach 2176:Krithia 2148:in the 2109:⁄ 2056:towards 2048:⁄ 1968:778 men 1932:Kumkale 1869:Kumkale 1843:Canopus 1773:⁄ 1686:Goliath 1670:Goliath 1647:Y Beach 1517:S Beach 1465:and at 1434:Travers 1367:cutters 1263:750 men 1251:120 men 1204:Turkish 1088:700 men 1052:collier 1006:V Beach 999:Triumph 807:Prelude 663:Midilli 652:Breslau 629:Breslau 503:by the 462:Turkish 438:Hill 60 418:The Nek 365:Kumkale 95:V Beach 7403:Aleppo 7378:Kaukab 7358:Samakh 7328:Tabsor 7263:Abaran 7163:Ramadi 7093:Romani 7088:Bitlis 6869:Bizani 6864:Şarköy 6849:Lemnos 6814:Himara 6809:Prilep 6740:Zanzur 6735:Rhodes 6730:Beirut 6710:Tobruk 6399:Russia 6374:France 6202:Canada 6117:Serbia 5988:Canada 5945:Horses 5897:(1921) 5891:(1920) 5885:(1920) 5879:(1920) 5871:(1920) 5824:(1919) 5818:(1919) 5764:(1918) 5729:(1918) 5723:(1917) 5711:(1916) 5705:(1916) 5670:(1915) 5089:(1913) 5071:(1911) 5053:(1905) 5010:Darfur 4935:Serbia 4918:Russia 4881:Greece 4869:France 4859:Brazil 4705:Persia 4648:Serbia 4489:27 May 4425: 4399: 4380: 4358: 4339: 4317:26 May 4310: 4263:about 4224:5 June 4199:8 June 4171: 4152: 4133: 4114: 4095: 4078: 4061: 4040: 4021: 4000: 3981: 3962: 3940: 3918: 3899: 3880: 3861: 3840: 3816: 3797: 3775: 3756: 3739: 3722: 2320:Seaman 1981:Savoie 1927:Askold 1835:Bulair 1818:routed 1677:Dublin 1497:Albion 1276:Albion 1249:about 1223:Albion 1108:Argyll 1100:Argyll 955:Battle 881:105 mm 873:150 mm 868:150 mm 864:120 mm 796:Greece 750:. The 730:. The 668:Odessa 648:Goeben 622:Goeben 603:Russia 501:Bulair 484:, the 478:Helles 189: 178:France 175: 161: 137:Result 7388:Kiswe 7368:Irbid 7353:Haifa 7348:Jenin 7303:Arsuf 7283:Aghsu 7243:Hijla 7223:Jaffa 7158:Aqaba 7118:Nekhl 7103:Yanbu 7083:Aqaba 7073:Mecca 7063:Sabis 6918:Katya 6725:Derna 6596:Other 6389:Japan 6384:Italy 6211:camps 6055:Rugby 4891:Japan 4886:Italy 4864:China 4758:North 4417:[ 4290:Books 3706:Books 2351:Notes 1857:Doris 1802:salvo 1680:. At 1336:mined 1265:from 839:Egypt 681:jihad 575:First 266:1,898 7298:Baku 7113:Rafa 7053:Wadi 6176:POWs 5502:1918 5404:1917 5330:1916 5231:1915 5135:1914 4940:Siam 4743:East 4491:2014 4470:2006 4450:2006 4423:OCLC 4397:OCLC 4378:OCLC 4356:OCLC 4337:OCLC 4319:2014 4308:OCLC 4246:2006 4226:2014 4201:2014 4169:ISBN 4150:ISBN 4131:ISBN 4112:ISBN 4093:ISBN 4076:OCLC 4059:OCLC 4038:ISBN 4019:ISBN 3998:ISBN 3979:ISBN 3960:ISBN 3938:ISBN 3916:ISBN 3897:ISBN 3878:ISBN 3859:ISBN 3838:ISBN 3814:ISBN 3795:ISBN 3773:ISBN 3754:ISBN 3737:OCLC 3720:OCLC 2332:and 2325:and 2303:Six 2218:and 1911:and 1899:and 1853:and 1659:and 1495:and 1479:and 1394:and 1373:and 1226:and 964:The 942:and 794:and 770:mine 734:and 660:and 650:and 625:and 611:and 577:and 456:The 105:Date 7432:see 7203:Huj 2336:. 1889:At 1457:At 1439:By 1020:SS 7452:: 4481:. 4302:. 4237:. 4212:. 3635:^ 3614:^ 3475:^ 3388:^ 3373:^ 3358:^ 3331:^ 3196:^ 3133:^ 2650:^ 2623:^ 2494:^ 2465:^ 2318:, 2311:, 2209:c. 2138:c. 2102:12 1846:, 1780:c. 1483:. 1278:. 1219:, 1043:, 782:, 527:. 496:. 476:. 464:: 259:c. 128:, 124:, 120:, 6675:e 6668:t 6661:v 6027:/ 4539:e 4532:t 4525:v 4493:. 4472:. 4452:. 4429:. 4403:. 4384:. 4362:. 4343:. 4321:. 4248:. 4228:. 4203:. 4177:. 4158:. 4139:. 4120:. 4101:. 4082:. 4065:. 4046:. 4027:. 4006:. 3987:. 3968:. 3946:. 3924:. 3905:. 3886:. 3867:. 3846:. 3822:. 3803:. 3781:. 3762:. 3743:. 3726:. 3669:. 3657:. 3645:. 2111:2 2107:1 2104:+ 2050:2 2046:1 2043:+ 2041:4 1775:2 1771:1 1768:+ 1766:1 1567:) 1328:. 1302:) 460:( 295:e 288:t 281:v

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Knowledge

Landing at Cape Helles

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