241:
344:. Later, the book states that no one dared live where Hjörleif settled because of the landvættir. Consistent with other accounts, this depicts Iceland as inhabited by landvættir and has been further argued to represent a belief that they may harm settlers if the appropriate ritual precautions are not carried out. Alternative suggestions have been made such as that the landvættir were angry because of the spilling of blood on the land they inhabited or that they had been frightened by it and so the land would not prosper.
20:
2166:
457:
62:. They are closely associated with specific locations and their wellbeing is presented as being required for the land they inhabit to be fruitful. In Old Norse sources, they are depicted as being potentially harmful and capable of driving away unwanted individuals and capable of being frightened through human actions such as usage of carved figureheads on ships or
669:, said that landvættir are "spirits and they in some way control the safety of the land, the fertility of the land, and so on." According to him, they are "tied to a spot in the landscape, to a huge rock, to a mountain, or to a specially beautiful place" and that place can be recognized by being more beautiful than "just a few yards away."
477:("rock-dweller") making an agreement with a man named Björn, who had few goats after fleeing from a lava flow. After this, a billy goat appears and has many children with his nanny goats, making him rich from all the livestock he owned. It describes that landvættir could be seen with Björn by those who had
379:
King Harald told a warlock to hie to
Iceland in some altered shape, and to try what he could learn there to tell him: and he set out in the shape of a whale. And when he came near to the land he went to the west side of Iceland, north around the land, where he saw all the mountains and hills full of
412:
with an iron staff followed by many other jötnar. It is unclear whether all these protective beings were considered landvættir, given that the bull is explicitly said to be followed by landvættir, however, the four figures are what most
Icelanders understand by the term. It is further unclear if the
274:
It was the beginning of the preamble of the heathen laws that men should not take ships to sea with carved figure heads upon their sterns, but if they did, they should take them off before they came in sight of land and not sail to land with gaping heads or yawning snouts lest the guardian feys of
571:
Relationships between people and landvættir have been further linked to a wider pattern of people in the same cultural context worshipping and receiving advice from spirits living in waterfalls, woods, and rocks at which they would make offerings. This is attested in Landnámabok, which records
369:
Haraldr konungr bauð kungum manni at fara í hamförum til Íslands ok freista hvat hann kynni segja honum. Sá fór í hvals líki. En er hann kom til landsins, þá fór hann vestr fyrir norðan landit; hann sá at fjöll öll ok hólar váru full af landvættum, sumt stórt en sumt
487:
are synonymous with landvættr, supported by the idea that landvættir live in stones, mountains and hills. It has been further suggested that in return, Björn may have been expected to make food offerings, as is recorded as being performed by women for landvættir in
265:Þat var upphaf inna heiðnu laga, at menn skyldu eigi hafa höfuðskip í haf, en ef þeir hefði, þá skyldi þeir af taka höfuð, áðr þeir kæmi í lands sýn, ok sigla eigi at landi með gapandi höfðum eða gínandi trjónum, svá at landvættir fælist við.
547:
stones). These are stones in northwestern
Iceland that were described as having been respected as late as the 19th century, with it being seen as inappropriate to mow grass or let children play near them. The term
1316:"[Dixit] non se carere posse consortio praedecessorum suorum, 'He said he was unable to be without his predecessors': Attitudes towards the damnation of heathen ancestors in Old Norse-Icelandic literature"
612:
It has been argued that in early 12th century
Iceland, álfar and landvættir were conceived of as distinct beings, with landvættir living in fells and hills, and elves being more similar to gods. The account of a
621:, according to this proposition, would be an early stage in the merging of the two beings. The folklorish representation of elves would be a result of this later conflation, seen in later saga material like
175:
240:
577:
3082:
4022:
560:, where they were likely believed to dwell. Based on this living in rocks, it has been proposed that they are closely connected to landvættir and it has been noted that other beings in
489:
324:
Landvættir are often depicted as deeply connected to a particular place and as being willing and able to harm people who live there if the landvættir do not consider them welcome.
3072:
408:
followed by snakes, toads and lizards who blew atter, or poison, at him, then a great bird with many smaller birds, next a large bull followed by landvættir and finally a huge
303:
596:
which is eventually driven away when a bishop sprinkles the stone in which it lived with holy water. It has been noted that the being is likely modelled on landvættir and
89:, with which they were potentially identified at different points in history. Their belief and veneration has been revived in the modern period as part of the practice of
520:. Similarly, the author of the homily Heimslýsing ok Helgifrœði states that the willingness of some women to give offerings to landvættir results from their stupidity.
425:, however, retells the account from Heimskringla and refers to the beings instead as óvættir ("evil spirits"), consistent with it being told from a Danish perspective.
4067:
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252:
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2224:
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3057:
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3037:
3032:
313:
2202:
413:
imagery of these four beings is drawn from traditional lore, but scholars typically belief it is heavily influenced by
Christian imagery of the
1669:
609:
and spirits of the dead, but others have interpreted them as nature spirits, since they sometimes live in land that has never been populated.
66:. Good relationships between humans and landvættir were believed to be fostered through acts like leaving out food for them however upon the
3027:
1315:
463:
where, according to Landnámabók, a man named Hjörleif was killed by his thralls and that was later not settled out of fear of landvættir.
440:, a horses head on a stake, as an insult to the landvættir. He curses them to not be able to find their dwellings until they have driven
3022:
496:. In this account, the women take food to stone piles or flat stones, hoping that in return the landvættir would make them prosperous.
4087:
2115:
2516:
2446:
1424:
1335:
404:
After this, the man in whale-shape swims around
Iceland and each time he reaches a new part he is driven away. First by a large
1952:
1382:"ein lǫg ok einn siðr: Law, Religion, and their Role in the Cultivation of Cultural Memory in Pre-Christian Icelandic Society"
4285:
3485:
2922:
1454:
1370:
1296:
1248:
584:
recount a tale in which an
Icelandic farmer named Koðrán has a partnership with a spirit living in a stone referred to as a
448:
from Norway. The two are forced to abandon Norway the next year, although the saga intentionally leaves the cause unclear.
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En þæssir luttir heyra til villu ok hædins atrunaddar ok at trua a landvættir at se i lundum æda haugum æda forsum.
227:
has been variously translated as "guardian spirits of a country", "land-spirits", "landwights" or "nature spirits".
328:
for example describes how two brothers, Ingólf and Hjörleif, went to settle
Iceland from Norway. Ingólf performed
67:
2188:
1359:
Noetzel, Justin T. (2018). "7 Outlaws and the Undead: Defining Sacred and
Communal Space in Medieval Iceland".
1227:
1147:
141:: '*wekti' ("cause, sake, thing"), from Proto-Indo-European "*wekʷ-" ("to say, tell"). It is thus cognate with
3429:
302:
depicts human waste is depicted as scaring elves, identified by some scholars as landvættir. In this account,
2169:
1655:
1360:
1474:""fjöll öll ok hólar váru fullir af landvéttum":: The Old Norse landvættir and related mythological beings"
1161:
352:
28:
1440:
77:
Landvættir have been variously connected by scholars to other beings believed to inhabit the land such as
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1171:
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678:
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36:
3014:
1527:
697:, religious belief that objects, places, and creatures all possess a distinct spiritual essence
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8:
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1941:
1921:
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The Book of the
Settlement of Iceland: Tr. from the Original Icelandic of Ari the Learned
341:
245:
138:
126:
51:
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2015:
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laws, written in the latter half of the 13th century, made illegal the belief that
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Myths and symbols in pagan Europe : early Scandinavian and Celtic religions
70:, the practice was labelled heretical and explicitly forbidden in the Norwegian
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516:, were inhabited by landvættir, considering it a heresy and belonging to the
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The four beings identified as the landvættir of Iceland are depicted on the
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is not attested in Old Norse sources but can be reconstructed from the term
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348:
24:
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1628:"Iceland's Goalkeeper-Film Director Makes Reveal Video for Bold New Crest"
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19:
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2065:
1779:
1336:"The (Re)conversion of the "Spirits of the Land" in Medieval Iceland"
388:
283:
32:
4023:
Anthropomorphic wooden cult figurines of Central and Northern Europe
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1532:
Myth and Religion of the North: the religion of ancient Scandinavia
606:
505:
456:
409:
71:
23:
Four beings commonly identified as landvættir, as described in the
4234:
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3667:
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3419:
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2864:
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2110:
2040:
1446:
Signals of Belief in Early England: Anglo-Saxon Paganism Revisited
947:
945:
332:
often while his brother did not. Hjörleif was later killed by his
16:
Beings in Old Nordic religion, later folklore and modern Heathenry
4179:
3767:
3687:
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3602:
3520:
3133:
2947:
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1981:
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715:, venerated beings in Shinto, often associated with natural sites
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2255:
2010:
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986:
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920:
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685:
coins, and the team crest of Iceland's national football teams.
614:
329:
312:("Shit-skerry") so that they would not defile with their faeces
3627:
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2549:
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1815:
1794:
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1713:
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930:
856:
700:
417:. It has been noted that in an account of this same event from
333:
3138:
2982:
2784:
2531:
2526:
2466:
2358:
1738:
499:
125:) can be translated as "wight" or "being" and is derived from
4224:
4214:
4174:
4164:
4159:
3607:
3434:
3379:
3287:
3282:
3217:
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105:
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47:
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347:
They further feature in saga literature, for example in the
4149:
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3387:
3123:
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2809:
2451:
2441:
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2318:
2130:
2125:
2080:
2005:
1928:
1753:
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712:
564:
are believed to live in these places too such as elves and
1044:
996:
957:
803:
3170:
2481:
2401:
1830:
868:
1008:
641:
Landvættir have been argued to not have had any role in
602:, closely resembling their portrayals in other sources.
3073:
people, clan, and place names in Germanic heroic legend
1032:
421:
does not reference the magic-worker or the landvættir.
165:
and Modern English "wight". It is further cognate with
1677:
1509:"Iceland's national football team gets a new identity"
1220:
Wights and Ancestors: Heathenism in a Living Landscape
1056:
893:
891:
889:
887:
885:
883:
844:
1020:
832:
636:
2210:
1080:
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903:
791:
340:
which Ingólf attributes to his lack of adherence to
1587:
1189:
936:
880:
1534:(Repr ed.). Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press.
1068:
820:
1156:
862:
769:
767:
605:Some scholars have suggested that landvættir are
4277:
1139:Heimskringla. Part two, Sagas of the Norse Kings
752:
709:, spirits of a place in classical Roman religion
255:, a law aiming to prevent upsetting landvættir:
235:
733:
597:
591:
585:
572:settlers giving offerings to a waterfall and a
555:
549:
540:
534:
482:
472:
367:
307:
263:
222:
120:
110:
1526:
1092:
990:
924:
764:
533:Landvættir have been discussed in relation to
355:when they drive away a possible invasion from
2196:
1663:
1441:"Chapter 8 Living On: Ancestors and the Soul"
1142:. Translated by Laing, Samuel. London: Dent.
481:. It has been proposed that in this context,
451:
319:
779:
3925:
2225:Mythological Norse people, items and places
1170:
850:
528:
500:Banning and criticism of belief and worship
380:guardian- spirits, some great, some small.
2203:
2189:
1670:
1656:
1422:
1104:
874:
3023:List of figures in Germanic heroic legend
1548:
1397:
1277:Constructing Nations, Reconstructing Myth
1258:de Vries, Jan (1956). "Das heilige Amt".
1132:
951:
797:
1257:
1236:
1038:
814:
617:being made to elves living in a hill in
455:
239:
18:
1471:
1438:
1379:
1358:
1333:
1270:
1237:Davidson, Hilda Roderick Ellis (1988).
1062:
1050:
1002:
975:
963:
909:
897:
838:
826:
4278:
1953:Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum
1608:"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wihtiz"
1550:"Old Icelandic Dictionary - Landvættr"
1313:
1026:
523:
2184:
1651:
1567:
1528:Turville-Petre, Edward Oswald Gabriel
1492:. Translated by Hall, Angela. BOYE6.
1484:
1217:
1086:
1074:
1014:
758:
99:
361:
275:the land should be scared thereat."
257:
244:Carved animal headed posts from the
3083:named weapons, armour and treasures
1606:
773:
657:
116:
13:
4260:Heathenry (new religious movement)
1569:"Old Icelandic Dictionary - Vættr"
1506:
1490:A Dictionary of Northern Mythology
1260:Altgermanische Religionsgeschichte
1098:
672:
637:Absence of mythological importance
306:sets aside a skerry that he names
230:
14:
4312:
1586:
1425:"Ecocriticism and Eyrbyggja saga"
1340:Revue de l'histoire des religions
1323:Sagas and the Circum-Baltic Arena
785:
645:as they are not mentioned in any
2923:Austri, Vestri, Norðri and Suðri
2165:
2164:
652:
1612:Wiktionary, the free dictionary
1592:Wiktionary, the free dictionary
1283:. Brepols Publishers: 111–130.
1243:. Manchester University Press.
1120:
726:
3360:Nine Daughters of Ægir and Rán
1626:
1314:Hughes, Thomas Andrew (2022).
1110:
50:") are spirits of the land in
1:
1386:Scandinavian-Canadian Studies
863:Þorgilsson & Ellwood 1898
745:
236:Offence through human actions
4286:Creatures in Norse mythology
1273:"How Elvish were the Álfar?"
1210:
703:, Anglo-Saxon household gods
665:, former High Priest of the
7:
3430:Tanngrisnir and Tanngnjóstr
1439:Sanmark, Alexandra (2010).
1365:. Brill. pp. 175–200.
688:
68:establishment of the church
10:
4317:
4097:Festivals and holy periods
1289:10.1484/m.mmages-eb.3.3608
1279:. Making the Middle Ages.
1222:. Wiltshire: Wyrd's Well.
1160:; Ellwood, Thomas (1898).
1125:
471:, one account describes a
452:Association with fertility
320:Harming and scaring humans
103:
4247:
4137:
4096:
4015:
4008:
3918:
3880:
3585:
3534:
3493:
3484:
3365:Nine Mothers of Heimdallr
3091:
3078:named animals and plants
3013:
2903:
2605:
2540:
2387:
2254:
2231:
2222:
2160:
2139:
1998:
1885:
1869:
1808:
1762:
1686:
1634:. ABG-SI LLC. 1 July 2020
1423:Phelpstead, Carl (2014).
1334:Meyland, Nicolas (2013).
1191:"Saga Ólafs Tryggvasonar"
490:Heimslýsing ok Helgifrœði
46:("land spirits" or "land
3186:Black elves (Svartálfar)
2021:Early Germanic calendars
1573:Old Icelandic Dictionary
1554:Old Icelandic Dictionary
1432:Leeds Studies in English
719:
681:, on the obverse of the
529:Relation to other beings
492:, a homily found in the
4068:Sacred trees and groves
3308:Hamskerpir and Garðrofa
3181:Light elves (Ljósálfar)
1687:Gods and divine figures
1472:Schanda, Flora (2018).
1380:Nygaard, Simon (2021).
1271:Gunnell, Terry (2007).
937:Saga Ólafs Tryggvasonar
734:
598:
592:
586:
578:Þorvalds þáttr viðfǫrla
550:
541:
483:
473:
368:
353:Óláfs saga Tryggvasonar
308:
264:
223:
194:and is the ancestor of
170:
162:
154:
146:
134:
121:
111:
37:coat of arms of Iceland
29:Óláfs saga Tryggvasonar
3926:
3176:Dark elves (Dökkálfar)
2825:Narfi (father of Nott)
1172:"Landnámabók (Part 4)"
679:Icelandic coat of arms
556:
535:
464:
377:
365:
316:, which he held holy.
272:
261:
248:
215:
207:
199:
191:
183:
40:
3318:Skinfaxi and Hrímfaxi
2597:Sister-wife of Njörðr
1908:Anglo-Saxon Rune Poem
1894:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
1362:Dealing With The Dead
1218:Blain, Jenny (2000).
663:Jörmundur Ingi Hansen
459:
243:
22:
4088:Wetlands and islands
3208:Fjörgyn and Fjörgynn
2140:Modern pagan revival
2116:Wetlands and islands
1966:Old English language
1679:Anglo-Saxon paganism
1478:University of Vienna
304:Þórólfr Mostrarskegg
149:and its descendants
3370:Narfi (son of Loki)
2517:Þorgerðr Hölgabrúðr
1999:Society and culture
1942:Finnesburg Fragment
1922:De temporum ratione
1399:10.29173/scancan205
1053:, pp. 119–121.
1017:, pp. 185–186.
1005:, pp. 167–168.
991:Turville-Petre 1975
966:, pp. 116–117.
925:Turville-Petre 1975
817:, pp. 103–104.
732:The Old Norse is: "
524:Further scholarship
512:, wooded areas and
434:Egil Skallagrímsson
246:Oseberg ship burial
139:Proto-Indo-European
127:Proto-West Germanic
52:Old Nordic religion
4016:Religious practice
3990:Old Norse language
3457:Váli (son of Loki)
3345:Líf and Lífthrasir
3253:Árvakr and Alsviðr
3248:Horses of the Æsir
3228:Hati Hróðvitnisson
2369:Váli (son of Odin)
2212:Old Norse religion
1632:Sports Illustrated
1594:. 6 September 2023
465:
432:, when in Norway,
249:
100:Name and etymology
41:
4273:
4272:
4265:Nordic Bronze Age
4255:Germanic paganism
4243:
4242:
4114:Germanic calendar
4078:Temple at Uppsala
3876:
3875:
3480:
3479:
3440:Þjálfi and Röskva
3384:Personifications
2247:and other figures
2178:
2177:
2036:Germanic paganism
1790:Hengist and Horsa
1749:Wayland the Smith
1507:Steven, Rachael.
1456:978-1-84217-395-4
1372:978-90-04-35833-1
1298:978-2-503-52393-4
1250:978-0-7190-2207-4
1134:Sturluson, Snorri
627:Hrólfs saga kraka
623:Norna-Gests þáttr
562:Germanic folklore
402:
401:
297:
296:
4308:
4291:Tutelary deities
4013:
4012:
3931:
3698:Grove of fetters
3491:
3490:
3198:Fjalar (rooster)
2958:Fjalar and Galar
2252:
2251:
2205:
2198:
2191:
2182:
2181:
2168:
2167:
1960:Nine Herbs Charm
1672:
1665:
1658:
1649:
1648:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1623:
1621:
1619:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1564:
1562:
1560:
1545:
1523:
1521:
1519:
1503:
1481:
1468:
1435:
1429:
1419:
1401:
1376:
1355:
1353:
1351:
1330:
1320:
1310:
1267:
1254:
1233:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1186:
1184:
1182:
1176:heimskringla.com
1167:
1153:
1114:
1108:
1102:
1096:
1090:
1084:
1078:
1072:
1066:
1060:
1054:
1048:
1042:
1036:
1030:
1024:
1018:
1012:
1006:
1000:
994:
988:
979:
973:
967:
961:
955:
949:
940:
934:
928:
922:
913:
907:
901:
895:
878:
872:
866:
860:
854:
848:
842:
836:
830:
824:
818:
812:
801:
795:
789:
783:
777:
771:
762:
756:
739:
737:
730:
658:Modern Heathenry
643:Nordic mythology
601:
595:
589:
559:
553:
546:
538:
518:heathen religion
486:
476:
419:Jómsvíkinga saga
415:Four Evangelists
372:
362:
357:Harald Bluetooth
311:
267:
258:
226:
178:
124:
118:
114:
60:modern Heathenry
4316:
4315:
4311:
4310:
4309:
4307:
4306:
4305:
4301:Chthonic beings
4276:
4275:
4274:
4269:
4239:
4195:Norse cosmology
4133:
4092:
4004:
4000:Later influence
3914:
3872:
3586:Other locations
3581:
3530:
3476:
3403:Sumarr and Vetr
3087:
3009:
2899:
2700:Gjálp and Greip
2601:
2536:
2383:
2248:
2246:
2237:
2227:
2218:
2209:
2179:
2174:
2156:
2135:
2061:Metrical charms
1994:
1881:
1865:
1804:
1758:
1682:
1676:
1646:
1637:
1635:
1617:
1615:
1597:
1595:
1577:
1575:
1558:
1556:
1542:
1517:
1515:
1513:Creative Review
1500:
1465:j.ctt1cd0nf9.14
1457:
1449:. Oxbow Books.
1427:
1373:
1349:
1347:
1318:
1299:
1251:
1230:
1213:
1208:
1199:
1197:
1195:heimskringla.no
1180:
1178:
1158:Þorgilsson, Ari
1150:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1117:
1109:
1105:
1097:
1093:
1089:, pp. 7–8.
1085:
1081:
1073:
1069:
1061:
1057:
1049:
1045:
1037:
1033:
1025:
1021:
1013:
1009:
1001:
997:
989:
982:
974:
970:
962:
958:
950:
943:
935:
931:
923:
916:
908:
904:
896:
881:
877:, pp. 8–9.
875:Phelpstead 2014
873:
869:
861:
857:
851:Landnámabók (4)
849:
845:
837:
833:
825:
821:
813:
804:
796:
792:
784:
780:
772:
765:
757:
753:
748:
743:
742:
731:
727:
722:
691:
683:Icelandic króna
675:
673:Popular culture
667:Ásatrúarfélagið
660:
655:
639:
576:. Beyond this,
557:landdísasteinar
536:landdísasteinar
531:
526:
502:
454:
382:
374:
342:heathen customs
322:
277:
269:
238:
233:
231:Medieval period
221:As a compound,
174:
108:
102:
96:
91:modern Heathens
17:
12:
11:
5:
4314:
4304:
4303:
4298:
4296:Nature spirits
4293:
4288:
4271:
4270:
4268:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4251:
4249:
4245:
4244:
4241:
4240:
4238:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4141:
4139:
4135:
4134:
4132:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4100:
4098:
4094:
4093:
4091:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4019:
4017:
4010:
4006:
4005:
4003:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3976:
3975:
3970:
3960:
3955:
3954:
3953:
3946:
3932:
3922:
3920:
3916:
3915:
3913:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3890:Æsir–Vanir War
3886:
3884:
3878:
3877:
3874:
3873:
3871:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3859:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3728:Hoddmímis holt
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3589:
3587:
3583:
3582:
3580:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3562:Körmt and Örmt
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3538:
3536:
3532:
3531:
3529:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3497:
3495:
3488:
3482:
3481:
3478:
3477:
3475:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3453:
3452:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3406:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3331:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3189:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3147:
3146:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3095:
3093:
3089:
3088:
3086:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3019:
3017:
3011:
3010:
3008:
3007:
3006:
3005:
3000:
2993:Sons of Ivaldi
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2909:
2907:
2901:
2900:
2898:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2611:
2609:
2603:
2602:
2600:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2568:
2567:
2562:
2552:
2546:
2544:
2538:
2537:
2535:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2393:
2391:
2385:
2384:
2382:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2339:Móði and Magni
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2260:
2258:
2249:
2232:
2229:
2228:
2223:
2220:
2219:
2208:
2207:
2200:
2193:
2185:
2176:
2175:
2173:
2172:
2161:
2158:
2157:
2155:
2154:
2149:
2143:
2141:
2137:
2136:
2134:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2002:
2000:
1996:
1995:
1993:
1992:
1985:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1956:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1932:
1925:
1918:
1911:
1904:
1897:
1889:
1887:
1883:
1882:
1880:
1879:
1873:
1871:
1867:
1866:
1864:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1826:Dwarf (Dweorh)
1823:
1818:
1812:
1810:
1806:
1805:
1803:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1766:
1764:
1763:Heroic figures
1760:
1759:
1757:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1690:
1688:
1684:
1683:
1675:
1674:
1667:
1660:
1652:
1645:
1644:
1624:
1614:. 9 April 2023
1604:
1584:
1565:
1546:
1540:
1524:
1504:
1498:
1482:
1469:
1455:
1436:
1420:
1377:
1371:
1356:
1331:
1311:
1297:
1268:
1255:
1249:
1234:
1228:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1206:
1187:
1168:
1154:
1148:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1115:
1103:
1091:
1079:
1067:
1065:, p. 150.
1055:
1043:
1041:, p. 260.
1031:
1029:, p. 132.
1019:
1007:
995:
993:, p. 233.
980:
968:
956:
952:Sturluson 1961
941:
929:
927:, p. 232.
914:
902:
879:
867:
865:, p. 177.
855:
843:
841:, p. 116.
831:
819:
802:
790:
778:
763:
750:
749:
747:
744:
741:
740:
724:
723:
721:
718:
717:
716:
710:
704:
698:
690:
687:
674:
671:
659:
656:
654:
651:
638:
635:
530:
527:
525:
522:
504:The Norwegian
501:
498:
461:Hjörleifshöfði
453:
450:
423:Knýtlinga saga
400:
399:
396:Modern English
392:
384:
383:
375:
338:Hjörleifshöfði
321:
318:
300:Eyrbyggja saga
295:
294:
291:Modern English
287:
279:
278:
270:
237:
234:
232:
229:
159:Middle English
151:Middle English
131:Proto-Germanic
129:'*wihti' from
101:
98:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4313:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4283:
4281:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4252:
4250:
4246:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4142:
4140:
4136:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4101:
4099:
4095:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4058:Öndvegissúlur
4056:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4038:Heitstrenging
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4020:
4018:
4014:
4011:
4007:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3985:Völsung Cycle
3983:
3981:
3980:Tyrfing Cycle
3978:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3965:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3952:
3951:
3947:
3945:
3944:
3940:
3939:
3938:
3937:
3933:
3930:
3929:
3928:Gesta Danorum
3924:
3923:
3921:
3917:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3900:Fróði's Peace
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3887:
3885:
3883:
3879:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3843:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3590:
3588:
3584:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3539:
3537:
3533:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3498:
3496:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3483:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3451:
3448:
3447:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3425:Shield-maiden
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3385:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3250:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3173:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3145:
3142:
3141:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3099:Ask and Embla
3097:
3096:
3094:
3090:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
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3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3020:
3018:
3016:
3012:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2995:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
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2969:
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2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
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2926:
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2916:
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2908:
2906:
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2896:
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2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
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2858:
2856:
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2818:
2816:
2813:
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2808:
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2801:
2798:
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2783:
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2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
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2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2612:
2610:
2608:
2604:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2560:Ingunar-Freyr
2558:
2557:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2547:
2545:
2543:
2539:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
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2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
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2455:
2453:
2450:
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2443:
2440:
2438:
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2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
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2392:
2390:
2386:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
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2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2261:
2259:
2257:
2253:
2250:
2244:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2226:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2206:
2201:
2199:
2194:
2192:
2187:
2186:
2183:
2171:
2163:
2162:
2159:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2144:
2142:
2138:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2121:Wilweorthunga
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2003:
2001:
1997:
1991:
1990:
1986:
1984:
1983:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1961:
1957:
1955:
1954:
1950:
1948:
1947:Franks Casket
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1937:
1933:
1931:
1930:
1926:
1924:
1923:
1919:
1917:
1916:
1912:
1910:
1909:
1905:
1903:
1902:
1898:
1896:
1895:
1891:
1890:
1888:
1884:
1878:
1875:
1874:
1872:
1868:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1813:
1811:
1807:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1767:
1765:
1761:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1691:
1689:
1685:
1681:and mythology
1680:
1673:
1668:
1666:
1661:
1659:
1654:
1653:
1650:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1541:9780837174204
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1514:
1510:
1505:
1501:
1499:9780859915137
1495:
1491:
1487:
1486:Simek, Rudolf
1483:
1479:
1475:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1452:
1448:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1433:
1426:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1378:
1374:
1368:
1364:
1363:
1357:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1317:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1256:
1252:
1246:
1242:
1241:
1235:
1231:
1225:
1221:
1216:
1215:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1164:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1145:
1141:
1140:
1135:
1131:
1130:
1112:
1107:
1100:
1095:
1088:
1083:
1076:
1071:
1064:
1059:
1052:
1047:
1040:
1039:de Vries 1956
1035:
1028:
1023:
1016:
1011:
1004:
999:
992:
987:
985:
977:
972:
965:
960:
954:, Chapter 37.
953:
948:
946:
938:
933:
926:
921:
919:
911:
906:
899:
894:
892:
890:
888:
886:
884:
876:
871:
864:
859:
852:
847:
840:
835:
828:
823:
816:
815:Davidson 1988
811:
809:
807:
799:
798:OID-Landvættr
794:
787:
782:
775:
770:
768:
760:
755:
751:
736:
729:
725:
714:
711:
708:
705:
702:
699:
696:
693:
692:
686:
684:
680:
670:
668:
664:
653:Modern period
650:
648:
644:
634:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
610:
608:
603:
600:
594:
588:
583:
579:
575:
569:
567:
563:
558:
552:
545:
544:
537:
521:
519:
515:
511:
507:
497:
495:
491:
485:
480:
475:
470:
462:
458:
449:
447:
443:
442:Erik Bloodaxe
439:
435:
431:
426:
424:
420:
416:
411:
407:
397:
393:
390:
386:
385:
381:
376:
373:
371:
364:
363:
360:
358:
354:
350:
345:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
317:
315:
310:
305:
301:
292:
288:
285:
281:
280:
276:
271:
268:
266:
260:
259:
256:
254:
247:
242:
228:
225:
219:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
123:
113:
107:
97:
94:
92:
88:
84:
80:
75:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
38:
34:
30:
26:
21:
3948:
3941:
3934:
3905:Hjaðningavíg
3683:Glæsisvellir
3449:
3223:Gullinbursti
2870:Útgarða-Loki
2264:Almáttki áss
1989:Wið færstice
1987:
1980:
1958:
1951:
1934:
1927:
1920:
1913:
1906:
1899:
1892:
1809:Other beings
1636:. Retrieved
1631:
1616:. Retrieved
1611:
1596:. Retrieved
1591:
1576:. Retrieved
1572:
1557:. Retrieved
1553:
1531:
1516:. Retrieved
1512:
1489:
1477:
1445:
1431:
1389:
1385:
1361:
1348:. Retrieved
1346:(3): 333–354
1343:
1339:
1326:
1322:
1280:
1276:
1263:
1259:
1239:
1219:
1198:. Retrieved
1194:
1179:. Retrieved
1175:
1166:. T. Wilson.
1162:
1138:
1121:Bibliography
1106:
1094:
1082:
1077:, p. 7.
1070:
1063:Nygaard 2021
1058:
1051:Gunnell 2007
1046:
1034:
1022:
1010:
1003:Sanmark 2010
998:
978:, p. 5.
976:Schanda 2018
971:
964:Gunnell 2007
959:
932:
912:, p. 4.
910:Schanda 2018
905:
898:Meyland 2013
870:
858:
846:
839:Gunnell 2007
834:
827:Noetzel 2018
822:
793:
781:
754:
728:
676:
661:
640:
631:Þiðriks saga
619:Kormaks saga
611:
604:
582:Kristni saga
570:
532:
503:
479:second sight
466:
427:
403:
398:Translation
378:
366:
349:Heimskringla
346:
323:
298:
293:Translation
273:
262:
250:
220:
109:
95:
76:
43:
42:
25:Heimskringla
4063:Reginnaglar
3995:Orthography
3968:Jómsvíkinga
3943:Poetic Edda
3856:Urðarbrunnr
3851:Mímisbrunnr
3783:Singasteinn
3713:Hindarfjall
3693:Gnipahellir
3673:Ginnungagap
3648:Fyrisvellir
3643:Fornsigtuna
3577:Vimur River
3567:Slidr River
3340:Jörmungandr
2750:Hrímgrímnir
2379:Vili and Vé
1936:Ealuscerwen
1877:Middangeard
1841:Eoten/Thurs
1578:18 November
1392:: 144–177.
1027:Hughes 2022
707:Genius loci
469:Landnámabók
351:version of
326:Landnámabók
253:Úlfljótslǫg
224:land-vættir
143:Old English
74:law codes.
56:folk belief
27:version of
4280:Categories
4230:Viking Age
4205:Philosophy
4073:Sonargöltr
3958:Runestones
3950:Prose Edda
3895:Fimbulvetr
3846:Hvergelmir
3813:Valaskjálf
3773:Sessrúmnir
3743:Jötunheimr
3718:Hlidskjalf
3708:Himinbjörg
3678:Glaðsheimr
3663:Gastropnir
3618:Bilskirnir
3598:Amsvartnir
3511:Gjallarbrú
3494:Underworld
3450:Landvættir
3350:Loddfáfnir
3328:Svaðilfari
3313:Hófvarpnir
3258:Blóðughófi
3238:Hildisvíni
3114:Aurvandill
2875:Vafþrúðnir
2860:Þrúðgelmir
2720:Harðgreipr
1976:Sutton Hoo
1971:Spong Hill
1618:29 October
1598:29 October
1559:30 October
1350:7 November
1329:: 128–134.
1229:0953904407
1200:31 October
1149:0460008471
1087:Blain 2000
1075:Blain 2000
1015:Simek 2008
746:References
649:material.
574:holy grove
514:waterfalls
430:Egils saga
104:See also:
44:Landvættir
33:supporters
4185:Mead hall
4119:Þorrablót
3973:Legendary
3868:Yggdrasil
3828:Víðbláinn
3823:Vanaheimr
3798:Þrymheimr
3793:Þrúðvangr
3788:Þrúðheimr
3758:Munarvágr
3748:Mímameiðr
3723:Hnitbjorg
3638:Fólkvangr
3623:Brávellir
3572:Vadgelmir
3557:Kerlaugar
3526:Niðafjöll
3486:Locations
3462:Valkyries
3410:Sæhrímnir
3298:Gulltoppr
3263:Falhófnir
3161:Einherjar
3144:Landdísir
2978:Mótsognir
2968:Hreiðmarr
2880:Víðblindi
2830:Sökkmímir
2820:Mögþrasir
2780:Hyrrokkin
2745:Hrímgerðr
2740:Hræsvelgr
2730:Helreginn
2725:Helblindi
2645:Bergelmir
2309:Ítreksjóð
2216:mythology
2152:Seax-Wica
2147:Heathenry
2066:Moot hill
1870:Locations
1780:Eormenric
1416:246009592
1408:2816-5187
1307:163209884
1211:Secondary
1181:17 August
759:OID-Vættr
551:landdísir
543:landdísir
436:erects a
389:Old Norse
314:Helgafell
284:Old Norse
212:Icelandic
176:‹See Tfd›
87:landdísir
64:níðstangs
4248:See also
4170:Hamingja
4124:Vetrnætr
4109:Dísablót
4104:Álfablót
3910:Ragnarök
3818:Valhalla
3808:Útgarðar
3753:Myrkviðr
3738:Járnviðr
3733:Iðavöllr
3653:Gálgviðr
3633:Fensalir
3542:Élivágar
3516:Náströnd
3506:Éljúðnir
3375:Níðhöggr
3323:Sleipnir
3293:Gullfaxi
3193:Fimafeng
3109:Auðumbla
2928:Billingr
2855:Þrívaldi
2840:Suttungr
2795:Járnsaxa
2765:Hrungnir
2695:Gillingr
2690:Geirröðr
2670:Fárbauti
2660:Býleistr
2625:Angrboða
2577:Gullveig
2289:Heimdall
2279:Dellingr
2170:Category
2106:Weregild
2026:Folkmoot
1856:Wælcyrge
1530:(1975).
1488:(2008).
1136:(1961).
689:See also
607:chthonic
599:bergbúar
506:Gulating
494:Hauksbók
484:bergbúar
446:Gunnhild
438:níðstöng
410:bergrisi
309:Dritsker
72:Gulating
54:, later
4200:Numbers
4180:Kenning
4053:Worship
4009:Society
3919:Sources
3838:Vingólf
3833:Vígríðr
3803:Uppsala
3768:Okolnir
3688:Glitnir
3658:Gandvik
3613:Bifröst
3603:Andlang
3521:Niflhel
3467:Völundr
3415:Skírnir
3355:Móðguðr
3151:Dragons
3134:Byggvir
2963:Gandalf
2948:Dvalinn
2918:Andvari
2755:Hrímnir
2710:Gunnlöð
2680:Fornjót
2675:Fjölvar
2655:Bölþorn
2630:Aurboða
2620:Alvaldi
2572:Gersemi
2389:Ásynjur
2294:Hermóðr
2284:Forseti
2234:Deities
2056:Maypole
1982:Widsith
1915:Beowulf
1901:Æcerbot
1886:Sources
1800:Waldere
1588:"wight"
1126:Primary
774:*wihtiz
695:Animism
587:spámaðr
474:bergbúi
334:thralls
196:Swedish
133:: *
35:on the
4043:Horses
3882:Events
3863:Ýdalir
3842:Wells
3778:Sindri
3763:Nóatún
3628:Brimir
3593:Asgard
3552:Ífingr
3535:Rivers
3445:Vættir
3303:Gyllir
3213:Fylgja
3203:Fenrir
3156:Draugs
3092:Others
3015:Heroes
2998:Brokkr
2953:Fáfnir
2943:Dúrnir
2938:Durinn
2913:Alvíss
2905:Dwarfs
2890:Vörnir
2800:Laufey
2665:Eggþér
2650:Bestla
2607:Jötnar
2592:Njörðr
2587:Kvasir
2550:Freyja
2502:Snotra
2462:Njörun
2417:Gefjon
2374:Víðarr
2314:Lóðurr
2243:jötnar
2239:dwarfs
2086:Symbel
2046:Horses
2016:Burial
2011:Blōtan
1821:Dragon
1816:Cofgod
1795:Sceafa
1729:Saxnot
1719:Hretha
1714:Gefjon
1704:Ēostre
1638:6 July
1538:
1518:6 July
1496:
1463:
1453:
1414:
1406:
1369:
1305:
1295:
1266:: 260.
1247:
1226:
1146:
1099:Steven
701:Cofgod
593:ármaðr
566:dwarfs
406:dragon
370:smátt.
216:vættur
204:Danish
180:German
135:wihtiz
122:Vættir
119:
83:dwarfs
48:wights
4235:Völva
4225:Skald
4220:Seiðr
4215:Runes
4210:Rings
4175:Heiti
4160:Galdr
4155:Félag
4145:Death
4138:Other
4048:Hörgr
3963:Sagas
3703:Heiðr
3668:Gimlé
3608:Barri
3547:Gjöll
3472:Vörðr
3435:Troll
3420:Sköll
3380:Norns
3288:Grani
3283:Glenr
3273:Glaðr
3243:Hjúki
3218:Garmr
3171:Elves
3166:Eldir
3139:Dísir
3119:Beyla
3053:Hi–Hy
3003:Eitri
2988:Regin
2933:Dáinn
2885:Vosud
2865:Þrymr
2845:Þjazi
2835:Surtr
2805:Leikn
2775:Hymir
2770:Hrymr
2760:Hroðr
2735:Hljod
2715:Gymir
2705:Gríðr
2685:Gangr
2635:Baugi
2582:Hnoss
2565:Yngvi
2555:Freyr
2542:Vanir
2522:Þrúðr
2497:Skaði
2492:Sjöfn
2487:Sigyn
2472:Rindr
2457:Nanna
2437:Iðunn
2422:Gerðr
2412:Fulla
2407:Frigg
2334:Mímir
2329:Meili
2304:Hœnir
2274:Bragi
2269:Baldr
2111:Wicce
2101:Thyle
2096:Thing
2091:Thegn
2076:Rings
2071:Runes
2041:Hearg
2031:Frith
1861:Wight
1775:Beowa
1754:Wōden
1734:Þunor
1709:Frige
1699:Beowa
1461:JSTOR
1428:(PDF)
1412:S2CID
1319:(PDF)
1303:S2CID
786:wight
720:Notes
647:Eddic
510:howes
391:text
330:blóts
286:text
208:vætte
200:vätte
192:Wicht
188:Dutch
184:Wicht
171:wicht
167:Scots
155:wight
137:from
112:Vættr
106:Wight
79:elves
31:, as
4165:Goði
4150:Ergi
4129:Yule
4028:Blót
3936:Edda
3398:Nótt
3393:Elli
3388:Dagr
3335:Jörð
3278:Glær
3268:Gísl
3129:Búri
3124:Borr
3104:Auðr
3048:H–He
2973:Litr
2895:Ymir
2850:Þökk
2815:Logi
2810:Litr
2640:Beli
2615:Ægir
2477:Sága
2452:Lofn
2447:Irpa
2442:Ilmr
2432:Hlín
2364:Ullr
2354:Thor
2344:Odin
2324:Máni
2319:Loki
2299:Höðr
2256:Æsir
2214:and
2131:Yule
2126:Wyrd
2081:Scop
2006:Bēot
1929:Deor
1851:Neck
1846:Mare
1836:Ides
1785:Finn
1770:Ægil
1744:Wade
1640:2020
1620:2023
1600:2023
1580:2023
1561:2023
1536:ISBN
1520:2020
1494:ISBN
1451:ISBN
1404:ISSN
1367:ISBN
1352:2023
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1202:2023
1183:2022
1144:ISBN
713:Kami
629:and
615:blót
580:and
444:and
210:and
163:wiȝt
147:wiht
85:and
58:and
4190:Nīþ
4033:Hof
3501:Hel
3233:Hel
3068:T–Y
3063:P–S
3058:I–O
3043:F–G
3038:D–E
3033:B–C
2983:Ótr
2785:Iði
2532:Vör
2527:Vár
2512:Syn
2507:Sól
2482:Sif
2467:Rán
2427:Gná
2402:Eir
2397:Bil
2359:Týr
2349:Óðr
2051:Law
1831:Elf
1739:Tiw
1724:Ing
1694:Ēse
1394:doi
1344:230
1285:doi
590:or
467:In
428:In
336:at
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