1528:, an opportunity was provided for the culture of the three kingdoms to converge and for the residents to be integrated. When it came to Baekje, the vast majority of its populace including the ruling class was admitted to the polities of Silla onwards. However, Later Silla adhered to its Bone-Rank System that was highly exclusive towards the Goguryeo and Baekje refugees. In the case for those that came from Baekje, the discriminatory treatment was more severe. This was due to the fact that Baekje people resisted against Silla during its revival movement from 660 to 663. After the revival movement, Baekje refugees that were cooperative to the Silla government joined the ranks of the Nine Legions as part of the Blue and White Legion; fighting the Tang armies during the
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1565:(887-897), the newly crowned queen of Silla, collected taxes were not efficient due to Silla's weakened grip over its territories beyond its capital and the vicinity of it. Thus, officials were sent by the central government to urge the peasants and farmers across the country to have their taxes paid, infuriating them in the process. What came after were a series of rebellion with the Rebellion of Wŏnjong and Aeno in the Sabeol Province being the most famous of them. Though the rebellion led by Wonjong and Aeno (889) was put down to an end by Silla's army, it signaled the beginning of the Later Three Kingdoms period that was to severely weaken Silla in the following years.
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in 892, Kyŏn Hwŏn's rebellion was only one among numerous rebellions which sprouted up against the weak Silla rulers in the late 9th century. Many of these rebellions were initially triggered by the Silla decision to use force to collect taxes on the peasantry in 889 (Lee, 1984, p. 98). At this
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across the sea to establish diplomatic relations while territorial expansion policies were being implemented to subdue local gentries and independent castellans beyond. The confrontation with
Taebong, the northern counterpart of the Later Three Kingdoms founded by Kung Ye and the Goguryeo refugees,
1539:
was lost to history with many of them discarding their surnames. Though some were awarded, hence granted prestigious titles by Silla, the prizes that were bestowed upon them was far lesser of the old status back in Baekje. The Baekje people and that of their descendants' political success was bound
1482:
from Silla seeking the opportunity of rising up the ranks gathered under his leadership. Led by the charismatic and capable Kyŏn Hwŏn who was also a competent field commander, Later Baekje in its early days was advantageous in the power game against the newly found kingdom Goryeo and the declining
1602:'s long-cherished grudge towards Silla and inheriting the old kingdom itself. These measures were advantageous in the sense of gaining support from the Baekje refugees living in the area and rationalizing the rebellion against Silla above all else. The capital was later moved to Wansanju (now
1597:
records as many as 5,000 people participating in his revolt. Kyŏn Hwŏn would march his army to occupy
Mujinju and Wansanju (Jeonju). Afterwards, he ruled the area and internally referred to himself as the King of Baekje in 900. Having the country named (Later) Baekje was part of his plan to
1598:
establish the state as an authentic successor to the ancient kingdom of Baekje, which dominated the southwestern part of the Korean
Peninsula until it was conquered by Silla in 660. Additionally, Kyŏn Hwŏn having the country named after the old kingdom was with the justification of solving
1540:
to be limited. This eventually led to the dissatisfaction of the residents of the former Baekje region and the perception that they were in fact descendants of Baekje residents as a whole; holding an antipathic attitude against the Silla and preserving their
1532:. Some, portion of the former royals and nobles of Baekje, were granted titles and positions by Munmu of Silla himself. However, despite these measures, there was a limit to embracing the people of Baekje by Silla when it came to fully integrating them.
1789:
province, and the Later Baekje forces were destroyed. Later Baekje thus finally fell in 936, one year after King
Gyeongsun had surrendered Silla to Wang Kŏn. The battle of Seonsan thus marked the end of the Later Three Kingdoms period.
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After the
Unification of the Three Kingdoms, Later Silla reigned as an powerhouse in the Eastern World, enjoying its heyday of more than 220 years. However, as it proceeded to decline, the local gentries across the country known as
1557:
began to have a desire to revolt, feeling that the central government's control over the provinces it held gradually weakened due to the endless struggle for the throne amongst the True Bone-class nobility.
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not stood in his way, he surely would have had little difficulty in toppling Silla." Later Baekje showed its greatest strength in 927. In that year its armies attacked and pillaged the Silla capital at
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In his own characteristically open-handed style, Wang Kŏn conferred a title upon the defeated leader Sin-gŏm. Sin-gŏm's younger brothers Yang-gŏm and Yong-gŏm, who were judged to have been to
1712:. Wang Kŏn's forces in the battle reportedly numbered 10,000 men. Later Baekje triumphed, and Wang Kŏn himself only escaped through the daring self-sacrifice of his general
1637:, and is said to have had 10 sons by them in addition to the eight borne by his first wife. This laid the groundwork for the strife which ended the kingdom's existence.
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as the ruler. Before the attack, Silla had sent for aid from Goryeo, and Wang Kŏn arrived with a large army shortly after
Gyeongju was taken. The two armies met near
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After he was deposed by his sons in 935 and fled to Goryeo, Kyŏn Hwŏn himself came to lead the armies against Later Baekje. Together with Wang Kŏn, the
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1606:) as well, which was closer to the central realms of old Baekje. Government offices were established in various parts of the country from this point on.
1474:
descent holding onto their collective consciousness until the twilight days of Later Silla. With the former Silla general declaring the revival of the
1577:, who lacked strong loyalty to the central government. It was thus fairly easy for rebellions led by disaffected military officials to gain steam.
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in 930, Goryeo scored a decisive victory. Later Baekje was pushed back into its heartland, and there suffered a further crippling defeat at
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1589:) to wipe out pirates. However, his course of thinking that Silla was gradually declining resulted in his revolt in Mujinju (today's
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Many of the former Baekje ruling class became ordinary people after the fall of Baekje. As evidenced by this, the
663:
1872:
Cho, Beop-jong (2003). "Studies on the Four-Spirit Belief(四靈) in the Jeonju(全州), the
Capital of Hubaekje(後百濟)".
1981:
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Cho, In-Sung (2018). "From
Unification to Division : on the Background of the Formation of Later Baekje".
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reports that he led an army of 100,000 against his former kingdom. The Goryeo and Later Baekje armies met at
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1895:. Cambridge, Mass. ; London: Harvard university press, for the Harvard-Yenching institute. p. 99.
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Trans. by E. W. Wagner & E. J. Schulz, based on Korean rev. ed. of 1976. Seoul: Ilchogak.
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Kyŏn Hwŏn, who was originally a military officer in Silla, was deployed in the southwest sea (
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1922:, translated by Tae-Hung Ha and Grafton K. Mintz. Book Two, page 135f. Silk Pagoda (2006).
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kingdom of old, the Baekje refugees from the old territories and a portion of the
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Bae, Jae-Hoon (2021). "The situation of the
Gyeonhwon government in Mujinju".
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Later Baekje possessed considerable military strength. South Korean historian
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would begin when both states confronted each other in the Ungju province (now
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Samguk Yusa: Legends and
History of the Three Kingdoms of Ancient Korea
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Lee, Ki-baik; Schultz, Edward J.; Wagner, Edward W. (1984).
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time most of the power on the peninsula was held by local
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Silla. However, despite its fertile territories in the
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1596:
1592:
1588:
1581:Rise to Power
1578:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1564:
1559:
1556:
1545:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1508:
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1498:
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1490:
1486:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
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1449:
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1410:
1406:
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1376:
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1373:
1372:
1369:
1364:
1359:
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1300:
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1200:
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1136:
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1131:
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1126:
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1121:
1120:
1115:Modern period
1112:
1111:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1077:
1076:
1066:
1064:
1063:Korean Empire
1061:
1060:
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1038:
1034:
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969:
965:
964:
960:
958:
957:
953:
952:
948:
946:(Later Silla)
945:
944:Unified Silla
942:
941:
937:
934:
931:
930:
926:
924:
921:
920:
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909:
899:
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411:
401:
399:
395:
390:
383:
380:
378:Today part of
376:
360:
358:
355:
354:
351:
345:
344:Unified Silla
342:
335:
334:
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330:
327:
324:
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314:
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99:February 2022
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
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70:
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63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
1967:Later Baekje
1943:
1919:
1911:
1892:
1886:
1877:
1873:
1867:
1858:
1854:
1848:
1839:
1835:
1829:
1792:
1772:
1770:
1742:
1722:
1678:
1663:
1646:Kyŏn Sin-gŏm
1642:crown prince
1639:
1632:
1625:
1608:
1584:
1567:
1560:
1554:
1551:
1534:
1519:
1505:North Jeolla
1405:Later Baekje
1404:
1403:
1351:
1305:Christianity
1179:Architecture
1159:1948–present
1148:1948–present
1137:1945–present
1040:
1027:
990:
980:Later Balhae
978:
966:
956:Later Sabeol
954:
923:Later Baekje
922:
892:
880:
860:United Silla
830:
817:
805:
800:57 BC–935 AD
790:18 BC–660 AD
780:37 BC–668 AD
561:
511:Palaeolithic
392:Later Baekje
326:Succeeded by
325:
320:
303:• Fall
269:Kyŏn Sin-gŏm
210:Confucianism
147:
135:
125:Later Baekje
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
1799:coup d'etat
1774:Samguk Yusa
1681:Ki-baik Lee
1595:Samguk-sagi
1431::
1421::
1411::
1270:Politics (
1242:Family tree
481:History of
382:South Korea
321:Preceded by
1961:Categories
1937:References
1880:: 191–218.
1861:: 299–336.
1749:diplomatic
1745:legitimacy
1696:, slaying
1628:Kyŏn Hwŏn
1511:Background
1507:province.
1266:Newspapers
541:Bronze Age
458:Hu-paekche
226:Government
195:(literary)
187:Old Korean
69:newspapers
1733:Hongseong
1668:raids in
1650:Geumsansa
1468:Kyŏn Hwŏn
1254:Era names
1204:Geography
1199:Education
1127:1945–1948
1102:1919–1948
1092:1910–1945
1067:1897–1910
1057:1392–1897
1047:1029–1030
521:Neolithic
444:Hu-baekje
256:Kyŏn Hwŏn
220:Shamanism
201:Religion
130:후백제 (後百濟)
1809:See also
1797:for the
1747:through
1735:in 934.
1694:Gyeongju
1689:Wang Kŏn
1489:Wang Kŏn
1466:general
1434:Hubaekje
1353:Timeline
1298:Buddhism
1292:Religion
1237:Monarchs
1230:Goguryeo
1219:Military
1214:Language
1194:Currency
1172:By topic
1035:938–1105
1022:918–1392
776:Goguryeo
736:Goguryeo
588:Gojoseon
472:a series
470:Part of
230:Monarchy
205:Buddhism
177:Wansanju
136:Hubaekje
1916:Il-yeon
1842:: 1–31.
1779:Seonsan
1718:Kim Nak
1591:Gwangju
1570:Mujinju
1499:was at
1497:capital
1452:Taebong
1189:Cuisine
1042:Heungyo
997:938–986
992:Jeongan
985:927–935
973:926–936
961:919–927
949:892–935
938:901–918
933:Taebong
927:892–936
900:662–925
887:699–820
875:698–926
865:668–892
837:512–930
825:498–660
746:Nakrang
688:Eastern
595:–108 BC
593:2333 BC
532:Jeulmun
280:History
258:(first)
173:Capital
156:892–936
142:백제 (百濟)
83:scholar
1950:
1926:
1899:
1729:Andong
1685:Kungye
1604:Jeonju
1575:gentry
1501:Jeonju
1493:Goryeo
1476:Baekje
1472:Baekje
1460:Korean
1427:;
1417:;
1409:Korean
1273:Joseon
1053:Joseon
1018:Goryeo
871:Balhae
812:42–562
786:Baekje
708:Samhan
677:Dongye
647:Yemaek
603:Dangun
474:on the
398:Hangul
283:
271:(last)
241:
215:Taoism
148:Baekje
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
1821:Notes
1803:exile
1795:blame
1757:Wuyue
1753:China
1727:near
1710:Daegu
1666:naval
1654:Gimje
1611:Wuyue
1555:hojok
1464:Silla
1456:Silla
1419:Hanja
1338:South
1332:North
1325:Women
1312:Islam
1285:South
1279:North
1261:Naval
1249:Names
1155:South
1144:North
1029:Tamna
894:Tamna
819:Tamna
796:Silla
741:Tamna
721:Byeon
703:Okjeo
695:Galsa
682:Buyeo
672:Takri
627:Wiman
552:Mumun
483:Korea
414:Hanja
90:JSTOR
76:books
1948:ISBN
1924:ISBN
1897:ISBN
1783:Gumi
1767:Fall
1716:and
1687:and
1670:Naju
1600:Uija
1454:and
1224:List
832:Usan
615:Gija
237:King
62:news
1859:103
1785:in
1652:in
1618:).
1491:'s
1424:後百濟
1414:후백제
1184:Art
728:Jin
637:Jin
405:후백제
307:936
297:892
45:by
1963::
1918::
1878:29
1876:.
1857:.
1840:42
1838:.
1805:.
1720:.
1544:.
1437:,
1429:RR
1335:·
1282:·
1276:·
1227:·
1153:*
1142:*
714:Ma
624:*
612:*
600:*
560:*
550:*
530:*
1905:.
1407:(
1393:e
1386:t
1379:v
1341:)
1288:)
1257:)
1251:(
1245:)
1239:(
1233:)
1221:(
428:濟
425:百
422:後
217:,
212:,
207:,
189:,
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
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