1505:
42:
1209:. The alveolar approximant realization is particularly associated with an Indigenous substrate and it is quite common in Andean regions, especially in inland Ecuador, Peru, most of Bolivia and in parts of northern Argentina and Paraguay. That phonetic is also heard in Costa Rica, except pronounced as .
596:
Pronunciation varies from country to country and from region to region, just as
English pronunciation varies from one place to another. In general terms, the speech of the Americas shows many common features akin to southern Spanish variants, especially to western Andalusia (Seville, Cádiz) and the
1264:
to
Belizean dialect and Colombian dialect of Archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina (in the case of the latter three, it is not exclusive to Colombians whose ancestors traced back to Spanish period before British invasion, under British territorial rule, and recovery of Spanish
551:
and
Spanish spoken elsewhere, such as in Africa and Asia. There is great diversity among the various Latin American vernaculars, and there are no traits shared by all of them which are not also in existence in one or more of the variants of Spanish used in Spain. A Latin American "standard" does,
794:
have left their mark on
Hispanic American Spanish, a fact which is particularly evident in vocabulary to do with flora, fauna and cultural habits. Nevertheless, European Spanish has also absorbed numerous words of Amerindian origin, although for historical reasons, the vast majority of these are
588:, and each word sounds foreign in the region where it is not used. Some differences are due to Iberian Spanish having a stronger French influence than Latin America, where, for geopolitical reasons, the United States influence has been predominant throughout the twentieth century.
579:
directly from
English are relatively more frequent, and often foreign spellings are left intact. One notable trend is the higher abundance of loan words taken from English in Latin America as well as words derived from English. The Latin American Spanish word for "computer" is
601:. Coastal language vernaculars throughout Hispanic America show particularly strong similarities to Atlantic-Andalusian speech patterns while inland regions in Mexico and Andean countries are not similar to any particular dialect in Spain.
786:
As mentioned, Anglicisms are far more common in
Hispanic America than in Spain, due to the stronger and more direct US influence. Anglicisms in Chile and Argentina are even very common mostly because of the influence of British settlers
669:. Andalusia's and the Canary Islands' predominant position in the conquest and subsequent immigration to Hispanic America from Spain is thought to be the reason for the absence of this distinction in most American Spanish dialects.
1057:
in
Caribbean and other coastal language vernaculars, as well as in all of Colombia and southern Mexico, as in much of southern Spain. In other American dialects, the sound is closer to
2424:
1479:: most of Mexico, Colombia (except for coastal dialects) and Argentina (except for some northern regions). Elsewhere, velarization is common, although alveolar word-final
1213:
4785:
1950:
1846:
4633:
1918:
1495:
is also frequent in Spain, especially in southern
Spanish dialects (Andalusia and the Canary Islands) and in the Northwest: Galicia, Asturias and León.
526:
389:
4986:
5020:
4539:
4499:
4848:
4833:
4790:
4765:
1943:
5025:
2610:
4709:
5096:
4714:
1219:
1790:
1167:. This happens at a reduced level in Ecuador and Chile as well. It is a feature brought from Extremadura and westernmost Andalusia.
4838:
4704:
4699:
4577:
1936:
481:
4628:
801:-derived words with Latinate doublets are common in Hispanic American Spanish, being influenced by Andalusian Spanish, such as
519:
17:
4638:
3061:
2112:
1897:
1739:
1528:
689:
2993:
743:; some inland Colombian Spanish (particularly Antioquia) and Andean regions of Peru and Bolivia also have an apico-alveolar
4643:
4572:
791:
552:
however, vary from the
Castilian "standard" register used in television and notably the dubbing industry. Of the more than
2796:
2791:
825:
4916:
4882:
4877:
4582:
2735:
2623:
1313:
1295:
1235:
1126:
334:
84:
2896:
2786:
4853:
4689:
4674:
4532:
3011:
1835:
948:
908:
868:
694:
112:
768:
and its conjugations are known and seen occasionally in writing or oratory, especially in formal, ritualized contexts.
4694:
4684:
4679:
4648:
4602:
4597:
3850:
2165:
1872:
756:
512:
547:
are distinct from each other as well as from those varieties spoken in the
Iberian peninsula, collectively known as
4775:
4738:
4623:
896:
714:
3198:
2803:
2603:
1028:
616:
575:
There are numerous regional particularities and idiomatic expressions within Spanish. In Latin American Spanish,
93:
5032:
4587:
3998:
3899:
2131:
1959:
1065:, and often firmly strong (rough) in Peruvian Spanish dialect. Very often, especially in Argentina and Chile,
457:
195:
3869:
5008:
4525:
3806:
3484:
1798:
1164:
888:
140:
1447:(bread) is often articulated . To an English-speaker, those speakers that have a velar nasal for word-final
4998:
4944:
4826:
4821:
1424:
which feature the soft, fricative realizations common to all other Hispanic American and European dialects.
967:
746:
730:
706:
683:
652:
3933:
3336:
2326:
1696:
1082:
984:
4981:
4653:
4374:
3812:
2781:
2710:
1764:
1251:
1196:
1115:
1076:
1052:
1036:
975:
624:
4901:
4889:
4780:
4607:
4592:
4095:
3667:
3102:
2660:
2596:
1418:
1188:
1183:
848:
738:
675:
632:
1471:
is so widespread in the Americas that it is easier to mention those regions that maintain an alveolar
4976:
4961:
4911:
4906:
3682:
3594:
3203:
3044:
2759:
2688:
2670:
2653:
2648:
2638:
2307:
1488:
1480:
1472:
1464:
1448:
1436:
1428:
1370:
1362:
1354:
1311:
1293:
1282:
1249:
1241:
1233:
1225:
1217:
1204:
1202:
1194:
1186:
1156:
1132:
1124:
1113:
1107:
1105:
1088:
1086:
1074:
1068:
1066:
1060:
1058:
1050:
1034:
1026:
973:
965:
946:
906:
894:
886:
866:
846:
744:
736:
728:
712:
704:
692:
681:
673:
650:
630:
622:
614:
152:
845:. However realization varies greatly from region to region. Chileans pronounce these 2 graphemes as
4926:
4843:
4658:
4557:
4387:
4291:
3164:
3112:
2891:
2839:
2054:
1562:
1046:
961:
239:
5047:
3755:
3346:
3300:
3181:
3154:
3093:
3030:
2976:
2683:
2643:
1928:
1487:
can appear among some educated speakers, especially in the media or in singing. Velar word-final
1364:
1356:
821:. In this sense Hispanic American Spanish is closer to the dialects spoken in the south of Spain.
462:
184:
157:
3351:
5070:
4971:
4966:
4951:
4894:
4809:
4473:
3689:
3107:
3053:
2705:
2104:
1643:
1517:
1413:—rather than the , , , , of Spain and the rest of Spanish America. A notable exception is the
779:
found in a good deal of Spain, with this feature only being found commonly in the highlands of
4939:
4505:
4450:
4256:
4251:
3904:
3882:
3773:
3701:
3524:
3186:
2949:
1983:
1749:
1482:
1474:
1466:
1450:
1430:
1390:
1284:
1243:
1227:
1158:
1134:
1000:
495:
274:
4169:
3137:
5075:
4455:
4229:
3845:
3818:
3744:
3604:
3403:
3331:
3283:
3277:
3240:
3223:
2148:
2039:
1626:
1538:
1372:
341:
169:
107:
4239:
3652:
2720:
1414:
1163:
in word-final position, it becomes silent, giving Caribbean dialects of Spanish a partial
8:
3940:
3832:
3800:
3794:
3415:
3375:
3341:
3169:
2933:
2340:
2143:
2067:
2044:
1842:
1815:
1703:
1631:
1573:
1543:
1386:
1004:
874:
700:
500:
346:
299:
254:
179:
130:
79:
4203:
3636:
3311:
3245:
2213:
1864:
760:
is not generally used in daily speech in Latin American dialects of Spanish; the formal
4934:
4445:
4174:
4030:
3988:
3954:
3948:
3838:
3781:
3738:
3721:
3459:
3452:
3288:
3076:
3017:
2873:
2861:
2740:
2678:
2384:
2375:
2358:
2301:
2246:
2240:
2094:
2082:
2072:
2034:
1988:
1744:
1720:
1686:
1681:
1621:
1593:
1588:
1578:
1490:
1438:
938:
548:
371:
356:
329:
319:
314:
309:
304:
279:
269:
204:
164:
4223:
2715:
4770:
4402:
4381:
4301:
4261:
4120:
4048:
4042:
3966:
3858:
3768:
3709:
3621:
3579:
3380:
3326:
3132:
3117:
3088:
3071:
2981:
2944:
2913:
2901:
2820:
2808:
2725:
2700:
2694:
2619:
2588:
2394:
2353:
2274:
2207:
2029:
2016:
1725:
1713:
1708:
1676:
1616:
1605:
1382:
1350:
703:
fricatives. To a Hispanic American, Andalusian or Canary Island Spanish speaker, the
662:
366:
264:
249:
234:
214:
72:
67:
49:
4244:
3213:
3191:
2288:
2137:
2117:
1914:
1548:
1533:
4355:
4345:
4330:
4318:
4234:
4183:
4147:
4125:
4112:
4106:
4035:
4024:
3928:
3893:
3877:
3726:
3714:
3647:
3611:
3599:
3567:
3492:
3464:
3437:
3267:
3262:
3250:
3230:
3218:
3159:
3066:
3023:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2918:
2849:
2833:
2730:
2440:
2389:
2320:
2183:
2173:
2077:
2062:
1978:
1963:
1807:
1754:
1691:
1659:
1649:
1583:
1568:
1504:
1343:
1257:
996:
854:
598:
569:
540:
361:
324:
284:
229:
224:
219:
147:
33:
4130:
4080:
2472:
5042:
4439:
4425:
4306:
4208:
4198:
4142:
3993:
3981:
3921:
3916:
3731:
3660:
3642:
3616:
3589:
3519:
3476:
3388:
3369:
3321:
3208:
3174:
3127:
3122:
2844:
2776:
2748:
2419:
2260:
2194:
2188:
2155:
1993:
1669:
1664:
1523:
1261:
957:
942:
798:
666:
351:
294:
289:
244:
121:
3442:
4490:
4397:
4392:
4313:
4193:
4155:
3887:
3447:
3393:
3363:
3255:
2939:
2867:
2813:
2462:
2452:
2178:
1654:
1171:
1008:
862:
437:
209:
3536:
1330:
In Chile and Costa Rica, consonant cluster can be pronounced , , or , making
5090:
4548:
4432:
4335:
4323:
4055:
3763:
3420:
3358:
2854:
2577:
2024:
1811:
1611:
561:
557:
553:
418:
259:
174:
135:
2088:
639:
4214:
4074:
3514:
3469:
2513:
2227:
853:, for example. However, yeísmo is an expanding and now dominant feature of
688:
with the tip of tongue against the alveolar ridge. Phonetically this is an
380:
4956:
4517:
4276:
4269:
4006:
3572:
2478:
1791:"The role of the city in the formation of Spanish American dialect zones"
1759:
992:
556:
who speak Spanish as their native language, more than 455 million are in
102:
41:
3541:
2564:
442:
4991:
3584:
3554:
3546:
3502:
3497:
3147:
2906:
2523:
2493:
472:
1269:, whites of British descent, and descendants of mainland Colombians);
4795:
4350:
4188:
3530:
2825:
2544:
2503:
2486:
988:
858:
826:
List of words having different meanings in Spain and Hispanic America
490:
467:
447:
3976:
2410:
833:
774:
409:
404:
394:
4135:
3971:
3787:
3235:
3083:
2550:
2400:
1769:
1094:
934:
926:
735:
is not uncommon in some Latin American Spanish dialects which lack
576:
544:
452:
4340:
1958:
1281:" (scarlet) becomes , aside from , , or . In word-final position,
857:, particularly in urban speech (Madrid, Toledo) and especially in
3959:
3824:
3562:
2986:
2971:
2457:
2446:
1378:
1016:
930:
922:
780:
427:
672:
Most of Spain, particularly the regions that have a distinctive
4161:
3507:
3430:
3410:
3142:
1266:
1214:
Colombian islands of San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina
929:
highlands (Santander, Boyacá, Nariño), northern Argentina, all
568:
in 2022. The total amount of native and non-native speakers of
565:
432:
1923:
1443:
in much Latin American Spanish speech; this means a word like
1104:); in other phonological environments it is pronounced either
3425:
3398:
1865:"Influencias de las lenguas indígenas en el español de Chile"
1012:
914:
711:
in Spanish dialects from northern Spain might sound close to
645:
399:
1300:, or elided when followed by a consonant or a pause, as in
918:
1139:
at the end of a syllable sound alike or can be exchanged:
1924:
Latin American Dictionary with variants for every country
1885:
2618:
3310:
1381:
after and sometimes before any consonant in most of
987:("s/he is") sounds like or , as in southern Spain (
795:
taken from Nahuatl and various Caribbean languages.
1862:
1393:that is characteristic of most other dialects):
649:, lacking a distinction between this phoneme and
47:
5088:
2528:(Portuguese-based creole with Spanish influence)
831:Most Hispanic American Spanish usually features
901:. The traditional pronunciation of the digraph
764:is used at all levels of familiarity. However,
1277:" (winter) becomes , aside from , , or , and "
727:. However, this apico-alveolar realization of
4533:
2604:
1944:
1919:Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española
1318:when followed by a vowel-initial word, as in
937:; the Indigenous languages of these regions (
772:
699:, with a weak "hushing" sound reminiscent of
520:
1346:in Chile and native languages of Costa Rica.
873:has not completely disappeared. Speakers of
643:). Conversely, most Hispanic Americans have
4500:languages with more than 5 million speakers
4547:
4540:
4526:
4083:(mixed Romani–Ibero- and Occitano-Romance)
2611:
2597:
1951:
1937:
1836:El español: una lengua viva – Informe 2022
1123:In many Caribbean varieties, the phonemes
754:The second-person familiar plural pronoun
527:
513:
1896:sfn error: no target: CITEREFLipski1994 (
1869:Espéculo - Revista de Estudios Literarios
1830:
1828:
1503:
913:is preserved in some dialects along the
572:as of October 2022 exceeds 595 million.
1273:(verse) becomes , aside from , , or , "
14:
5089:
1891:
1788:
1342:respectively. This is an influence of
1289:will usually be one of the following:
956:Most speakers of coastal dialects may
661:is also typical of the speech of many
4521:
2592:
1932:
1852:from the original on 3 November 2022.
1825:
1740:Spanish language in the United States
1529:Spanish language in the United States
584:, whereas the word used in Spain is
1499:
1201:or even as a voiced apico-alveolar
24:
4504:Languages between parentheses are
1789:Lipski, John M. (August 6, 2001).
1782:
1556:
1422:speech (Atlantic coastal dialects)
837:: there is no distinction between
771:Latin America virtually lacks the
25:
5108:
4384:(unknown further classification)
1908:
1873:Universidad Complutense de Madrid
690:"apico-alveolar" "grave" sibilant
5097:Spanish language in the Americas
1637:
1599:
1511:
1292:a trill, a tap, an approximant,
805:("bedroom") instead of standard
591:
40:
980:, or drop it entirely, so that
539:The different varieties of the
4508:of the language on their left.
4378:(Western Romance-based pidgin)
1856:
817:("jewel") instead of standard
13:
1:
2267:Los Llanos Colombia/Venezuela
1799:Pennsylvania State University
1775:
1463:. Velarization of word-final
1265:control, but is also used by
865:, though in some rural areas
4834:Central banks and currencies
1915:Diccionario de americanismos
1260:to Puerto Rican dialect and
1212:In Belize, Puerto Rico, and
1170:In many Andean regions, the
917:range, especially in inland
27:Family of language varieties
7:
4791:Liberalism and conservatism
4375:Mediterranean Lingua Franca
1765:Spanish-language literature
1733:
1081:when preceding high vowels
10:
5113:
4786:International peacekeeping
4593:Latin American integration
4077:(mixed Portuguese–Spanish)
3103:Gallo-Italic of Basilicata
2897:Central−Southern Calabrian
2557:Coastal Argentina, Uruguay
2425:spoken by Catalan speakers
1641:
1603:
1560:
1515:
1385:dialects (rather than the
1310:a tap, an approximant, or
5066:
5016:
5007:
4925:
4873:
4866:
4817:
4808:
4758:
4751:
4734:
4727:
4667:
4616:
4565:
4556:
4482:
4466:
4417:
4366:
4290:
4094:
4067:
4016:
3868:
3754:
3700:
3681:
3632:
3299:
3052:
3043:
3004:
2884:
2769:
2758:
2669:
2631:
2536:
2433:
2371:
2234:Central western Argentina
2164:
2103:
2053:
2015:
2002:
1971:
1085:(these speakers approach
605:Most Spaniards pronounce
3385:North American dialects
2892:Extreme Southern Italian
1812:10.14713/arachne.v2i1.21
1563:Central American Spanish
1003:(except the northeast),
5021:Countries by population
4578:Portuguese colonization
2804:Central−Northern Latian
2314:Colombia-Ecuador border
1863:Correa Mujica, Miguel.
48:
4895:Latin American studies
3108:Gallo-Italic of Sicily
1960:Dialects and varieties
1697:Peruvian Coast Spanish
1644:South American Spanish
1518:North American Spanish
1508:
1155:; in the situation of
1093:to the realization of
953:as a distinct phoneme.
813:, and many others and
773:
473:Palenquero or Palenque
468:Chavacano or Chabacano
18:Latin American Spanish
3595:Poitevin–Saintongeais
1750:Equatoguinean Spanish
1642:Further information:
1604:Further information:
1561:Further information:
1516:Further information:
1507:
1338:'work' pronounced as
4849:Water and sanitation
4573:Spanish colonization
3404:St. Marys Bay French
2928:Neapolitan–Calabrese
1894:, pp. 294, 299.
1821:on January 30, 2005.
1627:Puerto Rican Spanish
1539:Sabine River Spanish
1415:Department of Nariño
792:Indigenous languages
46:A manuscript of the
4583:French colonization
3756:Galician–Portuguese
2782:Central Marchigiano
1845:. 31 October 2022.
1843:Instituto Cervantes
1704:Rioplatense Spanish
1632:Trinidadian Spanish
1574:Costa Rican Spanish
1544:New Mexican Spanish
1248:can be realized as
1184:retroflex fricative
875:Rioplatense Spanish
501:Instituto Cervantes
4917:Race and ethnicity
4883:Illegal drug trade
4170:Catalan Ribagorçan
4017:Pyrenean–Mozarabic
3289:Judaeo-Piedmontese
3199:Bustocco–Legnanese
2994:Northern Calabrian
2201:Chiloé Archipelago
1745:Philippine Spanish
1721:Venezuelan Spanish
1687:Paraguayan Spanish
1682:Ecuadorian Spanish
1622:Panamanian Spanish
1594:Salvadoran Spanish
1589:Nicaraguan Spanish
1579:Guatemalan Spanish
1509:
1377:are pronounced as
1307:('paternal love');
1256:, an influence of
1182:is realized as an
1097:⟨ch⟩
903:⟨ll⟩
879:⟨ll⟩
839:⟨ll⟩
721:⟨sh⟩
554:498 million people
549:Peninsular Spanish
5084:
5083:
5062:
5061:
5058:
5057:
4862:
4861:
4854:Wealth inequality
4804:
4803:
4776:Drug legalization
4771:Conservative wave
4747:
4746:
4723:
4722:
4700:League of Nations
4668:Foreign relations
4515:
4514:
4491:extinct languages
4413:
4412:
4090:
4089:
4049:Navarro-Aragonese
3934:Peruvian Ribereño
3859:Judaeo-Portuguese
3774:Galician–Asturian
3677:
3676:
3668:Old Gallo-Romance
3622:Wisconsin Walloon
3039:
3038:
3012:Dalmatian Romance
2620:Romance languages
2586:
2585:
2572:
2558:
2529:
2519:
2509:
2499:
2482:
2416:
2406:
2367:
2366:
2348:
2347:Coastal Argentina
2334:
2315:
2296:
2282:
2268:
2254:
2235:
2221:
2220:Central Argentina
2202:
2127:
1726:Maracucho Spanish
1714:Uruguayan Spanish
1709:Argentine Spanish
1677:Colombian Spanish
1617:Dominican Spanish
1606:Caribbean Spanish
1383:Colombian Spanish
1325:('eternal love').
1240:, syllable-final
1043:⟨j⟩
1023:⟨g⟩
1001:Castile–La Mancha
883:⟨y⟩
843:⟨y⟩
680:phoneme, realize
611:⟨c⟩
607:⟨z⟩
537:
536:
50:Cantar de mio Cid
16:(Redirected from
5104:
5038:Spanish language
5014:
5013:
4871:
4870:
4815:
4814:
4756:
4755:
4732:
4731:
4598:Great Depression
4563:
4562:
4542:
4535:
4528:
4519:
4518:
4036:Judaeo-Aragonese
4025:Andalusi Romance
3878:Amazonic Spanish
3715:Western Asturian
3698:
3697:
3637:Franco-Provençal
3308:
3307:
3204:Comasco–Lecchese
3062:Emilian–Romagnol
3050:
3049:
2850:Regional Italian
2840:Italo-Australian
2767:
2766:
2689:Megleno-Romanian
2613:
2606:
2599:
2590:
2589:
2570:
2556:
2527:
2518:(mixed language)
2517:
2507:
2497:
2476:
2414:
2404:
2346:
2332:
2313:
2294:
2280:
2266:
2252:
2233:
2219:
2200:
2121:
2013:
2012:
1953:
1946:
1939:
1930:
1929:
1902:
1901:
1889:
1883:
1882:
1880:
1879:
1860:
1854:
1853:
1851:
1840:
1832:
1823:
1822:
1820:
1814:. Archived from
1795:
1786:
1755:Spanish Filipino
1692:Peruvian Spanish
1660:Bolivian Spanish
1650:Amazonic Spanish
1584:Honduran Spanish
1569:Belizean Spanish
1500:Local variations
1494:
1486:
1478:
1470:
1454:
1442:
1434:
1376:
1368:
1360:
1341:
1339:
1317:
1299:
1288:
1258:American English
1255:
1247:
1239:
1231:
1223:
1208:
1200:
1192:
1162:
1138:
1130:
1119:
1111:
1098:
1092:
1084:
1080:
1073:becomes fronter
1072:
1064:
1056:
1044:
1040:
1032:
1024:
986:
979:
971:
952:
921:, the Sierra of
912:
904:
900:
892:
884:
880:
872:
855:European Spanish
852:
844:
840:
778:
750:
742:
734:
722:
718:
710:
698:
687:
679:
667:Canary islanders
656:
636:
628:
620:
612:
608:
541:Spanish language
529:
522:
515:
240:Central American
53:
44:
34:Spanish language
30:
29:
21:
5112:
5111:
5107:
5106:
5105:
5103:
5102:
5101:
5087:
5086:
5085:
5080:
5054:
5043:Latin Americans
5003:
4921:
4858:
4839:Stock exchanges
4800:
4743:
4719:
4663:
4612:
4552:
4546:
4516:
4511:
4478:
4462:
4440:Pannonian Latin
4426:African Romance
4409:
4362:
4293:
4286:
4224:Judeo-Provençal
4097:
4086:
4063:
4012:
3922:Chilean Chilote
3864:
3750:
3691:
3687:
3684:
3673:
3661:Moselle Romance
3628:
3477:Missouri French
3438:Franco-Ontarian
3313:
3302:
3295:
3035:
3000:
2977:Southern Latian
2880:
2845:Maltese Italian
2777:Central Italian
2761:
2754:
2749:Common Romanian
2665:
2649:Italo-Dalmatian
2627:
2617:
2587:
2582:
2571:Central America
2532:
2429:
2373:
2363:
2253:Coastal Ecuador
2160:
2099:
2055:Central America
2049:
2004:
1998:
1972:Africa and Asia
1967:
1957:
1911:
1906:
1905:
1895:
1890:
1886:
1877:
1875:
1861:
1857:
1849:
1838:
1834:
1833:
1826:
1818:
1793:
1787:
1783:
1778:
1736:
1670:Chilote Spanish
1665:Chilean Spanish
1646:
1640:
1608:
1602:
1565:
1559:
1557:Central America
1549:Chicano Spanish
1524:Mexican Spanish
1520:
1514:
1502:
1262:British English
1096:
1042:
1022:
964:syllable-final
902:
882:
878:
877:pronounce both
842:
838:
720:
610:
606:
594:
533:
463:Roquetas Pidgin
185:irregular verbs
55:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5110:
5100:
5099:
5082:
5081:
5079:
5078:
5073:
5067:
5064:
5063:
5060:
5059:
5056:
5055:
5053:
5052:
5051:
5050:
5040:
5035:
5030:
5029:
5028:
5017:
5011:
5005:
5004:
5002:
5001:
4996:
4995:
4994:
4989:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4948:
4947:
4937:
4931:
4929:
4923:
4922:
4920:
4919:
4914:
4909:
4904:
4899:
4898:
4897:
4887:
4886:
4885:
4874:
4868:
4864:
4863:
4860:
4859:
4857:
4856:
4851:
4846:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4830:
4829:
4818:
4812:
4806:
4805:
4802:
4801:
4799:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4762:
4760:
4753:
4749:
4748:
4745:
4744:
4742:
4741:
4735:
4729:
4725:
4724:
4721:
4720:
4718:
4717:
4712:
4710:United Kingdom
4707:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4671:
4669:
4665:
4664:
4662:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4620:
4618:
4614:
4613:
4611:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4588:Decolonization
4585:
4580:
4575:
4569:
4567:
4560:
4554:
4553:
4551: articles
4545:
4544:
4537:
4530:
4522:
4513:
4512:
4510:
4509:
4502:
4493:
4483:
4480:
4479:
4477:
4476:
4470:
4468:
4464:
4463:
4461:
4460:
4459:
4458:
4453:
4443:
4436:
4429:
4421:
4419:
4415:
4414:
4411:
4410:
4408:
4407:
4406:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4379:
4370:
4368:
4364:
4363:
4361:
4360:
4359:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4338:
4328:
4327:
4326:
4321:
4311:
4310:
4309:
4298:
4296:
4288:
4287:
4285:
4284:
4283:
4282:
4281:
4280:
4266:
4265:
4264:
4259:
4249:
4248:
4247:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4220:
4219:
4218:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4191:
4181:
4180:
4179:
4178:
4177:
4172:
4164:
4159:
4156:Judaeo-Catalan
4152:
4151:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4139:
4138:
4133:
4123:
4115:
4102:
4100:
4092:
4091:
4088:
4087:
4085:
4084:
4078:
4071:
4069:
4065:
4064:
4062:
4061:
4060:
4059:
4045:
4040:
4039:
4038:
4028:
4020:
4018:
4014:
4013:
4011:
4010:
4003:
4002:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3985:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3963:
3962:
3945:
3944:
3943:
3938:
3937:
3936:
3926:
3925:
3924:
3911:Latin American
3907:
3902:
3890:
3888:Judaeo-Spanish
3885:
3880:
3874:
3872:
3866:
3865:
3863:
3862:
3855:
3854:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3842:
3841:
3829:
3828:
3827:
3815:
3810:
3803:
3791:
3784:
3779:
3778:
3777:
3766:
3760:
3758:
3752:
3751:
3749:
3748:
3741:
3736:
3735:
3734:
3724:
3719:
3718:
3717:
3706:
3704:
3695:
3679:
3678:
3675:
3674:
3672:
3671:
3664:
3657:
3656:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3633:
3630:
3629:
3627:
3626:
3625:
3624:
3619:
3609:
3608:
3607:
3602:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3576:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3559:
3558:
3551:
3550:
3549:
3539:
3534:
3517:
3512:
3511:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3490:
3489:
3488:
3481:
3480:
3479:
3474:
3473:
3472:
3462:
3457:
3456:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3434:
3433:
3428:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3407:
3406:
3401:
3383:
3378:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3355:
3354:
3349:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3318:
3316:
3305:
3297:
3296:
3294:
3293:
3292:
3291:
3281:
3274:
3273:
3272:
3271:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3259:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3227:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3201:
3196:
3195:
3194:
3179:
3178:
3177:
3172:
3157:
3152:
3151:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3099:
3098:
3097:
3096:
3091:
3081:
3080:
3079:
3074:
3058:
3056:
3047:
3041:
3040:
3037:
3036:
3034:
3033:
3031:Judaeo-Italian
3028:
3027:
3026:
3021:
3008:
3006:
3002:
3001:
2999:
2998:
2997:
2996:
2991:
2990:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2968:
2967:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2925:
2924:
2923:
2922:
2921:
2911:
2910:
2909:
2899:
2888:
2886:
2882:
2881:
2879:
2878:
2877:
2876:
2864:
2859:
2858:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2830:
2829:
2828:
2818:
2817:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2800:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2773:
2771:
2764:
2756:
2755:
2753:
2752:
2745:
2744:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2691:
2686:
2684:Istro-Romanian
2681:
2675:
2673:
2667:
2666:
2664:
2663:
2658:
2657:
2656:
2651:
2641:
2635:
2633:
2632:Major branches
2629:
2628:
2624:classification
2616:
2615:
2608:
2601:
2593:
2584:
2583:
2581:
2580:
2575:
2574:
2573:
2561:
2560:
2559:
2540:
2538:
2534:
2533:
2531:
2530:
2520:
2510:
2500:
2490:
2483:
2469:
2468:
2467:
2466:
2465:
2463:Tetuani Ladino
2453:Judaeo-Spanish
2450:
2443:
2437:
2435:
2431:
2430:
2428:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2407:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2381:
2379:
2369:
2368:
2365:
2364:
2362:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2350:
2349:
2337:
2336:
2335:
2323:
2318:
2317:
2316:
2304:
2299:
2298:
2297:
2285:
2284:
2283:
2271:
2270:
2269:
2257:
2256:
2255:
2243:
2238:
2237:
2236:
2224:
2223:
2222:
2210:
2205:
2204:
2203:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2170:
2168:
2162:
2161:
2159:
2158:
2153:
2152:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2134:
2129:
2109:
2107:
2101:
2100:
2098:
2097:
2092:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2059:
2057:
2051:
2050:
2048:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2021:
2019:
2010:
2000:
1999:
1997:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1975:
1973:
1969:
1968:
1956:
1955:
1948:
1941:
1933:
1927:
1926:
1921:
1910:
1909:External links
1907:
1904:
1903:
1884:
1855:
1824:
1780:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1773:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1735:
1732:
1731:
1730:
1729:
1728:
1718:
1717:
1716:
1711:
1701:
1700:
1699:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1673:
1672:
1662:
1657:
1655:Andean Spanish
1652:
1639:
1636:
1635:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1601:
1598:
1597:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1558:
1555:
1554:
1553:
1552:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1534:Isleño Spanish
1526:
1513:
1510:
1501:
1498:
1497:
1496:
1425:
1347:
1328:
1327:
1326:
1308:
1210:
1172:alveolar trill
1168:
1121:
1020:
1009:Canary Islands
954:
863:Canary Islands
829:
822:
796:
788:
784:
769:
752:
670:
599:Canary Islands
593:
590:
543:spoken in the
535:
534:
532:
531:
524:
517:
509:
506:
505:
504:
503:
498:
493:
485:
484:
478:
477:
476:
475:
470:
465:
460:
455:
450:
445:
440:
438:Judaeo-Spanish
435:
430:
422:
421:
419:Interlanguages
415:
414:
413:
412:
407:
402:
397:
392:
384:
383:
377:
376:
375:
374:
369:
364:
359:
354:
349:
344:
339:
338:
337:
327:
322:
317:
312:
307:
302:
297:
292:
287:
282:
277:
272:
267:
262:
257:
252:
247:
242:
237:
232:
227:
222:
217:
212:
207:
199:
198:
192:
191:
190:
189:
188:
187:
182:
172:
167:
162:
161:
160:
155:
145:
144:
143:
133:
125:
124:
118:
117:
116:
115:
110:
105:
97:
96:
90:
89:
88:
87:
82:
77:
76:
75:
62:
61:
57:
56:
54:, 13th century
45:
37:
36:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5109:
5098:
5095:
5094:
5092:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5068:
5065:
5049:
5046:
5045:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5033:Ethnic groups
5031:
5027:
5024:
5023:
5022:
5019:
5018:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5006:
5000:
4997:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4984:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4946:
4943:
4942:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4932:
4930:
4928:
4924:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4896:
4893:
4892:
4891:
4888:
4884:
4881:
4880:
4879:
4876:
4875:
4872:
4869:
4865:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4828:
4825:
4824:
4823:
4820:
4819:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4807:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4763:
4761:
4757:
4754:
4750:
4740:
4737:
4736:
4733:
4730:
4726:
4716:
4715:United States
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4672:
4670:
4666:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4629:Environmental
4627:
4625:
4622:
4621:
4619:
4615:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4570:
4568:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4555:
4550:
4549:Latin America
4543:
4538:
4536:
4531:
4529:
4524:
4523:
4520:
4507:
4503:
4501:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4488:
4485:
4484:
4481:
4475:
4474:Proto-Romance
4472:
4471:
4469:
4467:Reconstructed
4465:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4448:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4441:
4437:
4435:
4434:
4433:British Latin
4430:
4428:
4427:
4423:
4422:
4420:
4416:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4377:
4376:
4372:
4371:
4369:
4365:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4333:
4332:
4329:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4316:
4315:
4312:
4308:
4305:
4304:
4303:
4300:
4299:
4297:
4295:
4289:
4279:
4278:
4274:
4273:
4272:
4271:
4267:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4254:
4253:
4252:Vivaro-Alpine
4250:
4246:
4243:
4242:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4225:
4221:
4217:
4216:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4196:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4186:
4185:
4182:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4167:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4157:
4153:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4128:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4118:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4110:
4109:
4108:
4104:
4103:
4101:
4099:
4093:
4082:
4079:
4076:
4073:
4072:
4070:
4066:
4058:
4057:
4056:Old Navarrese
4053:
4052:
4051:
4050:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4037:
4034:
4033:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4026:
4022:
4021:
4019:
4015:
4009:
4008:
4004:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3961:
3958:
3957:
3956:
3953:
3952:
3951:
3950:
3946:
3942:
3939:
3935:
3932:
3931:
3930:
3927:
3923:
3920:
3919:
3918:
3915:
3914:
3913:
3912:
3908:
3906:
3905:Equatoguinean
3903:
3901:
3898:
3897:
3896:
3895:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3875:
3873:
3871:
3867:
3861:
3860:
3856:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3840:
3837:
3836:
3835:
3834:
3830:
3826:
3823:
3822:
3821:
3820:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3808:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3798:
3797:
3796:
3792:
3790:
3789:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3775:
3772:
3771:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3761:
3759:
3757:
3753:
3747:
3746:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3733:
3730:
3729:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3716:
3713:
3712:
3711:
3708:
3707:
3705:
3703:
3699:
3696:
3693:
3686:
3680:
3670:
3669:
3665:
3663:
3662:
3658:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3634:
3631:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3614:
3613:
3610:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3597:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3557:
3556:
3552:
3548:
3545:
3544:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3532:
3528:
3527:
3526:
3523:
3522:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3495:
3494:
3491:
3487:
3486:
3482:
3478:
3475:
3471:
3468:
3467:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3423:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3396:
3395:
3392:
3391:
3390:
3387:
3386:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3373:
3372:
3371:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3359:Frainc-Comtou
3357:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3344:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3319:
3317:
3315:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3298:
3290:
3287:
3286:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3279:
3275:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3243:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3206:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3193:
3190:
3189:
3188:
3185:
3184:
3183:
3180:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3167:
3166:
3163:
3162:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3155:Judeo-Italian
3153:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3120:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3086:
3085:
3082:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3069:
3068:
3065:
3064:
3063:
3060:
3059:
3057:
3055:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3042:
3032:
3029:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3019:
3015:
3014:
3013:
3010:
3009:
3007:
3003:
2995:
2992:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2966:
2963:
2962:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2950:Castelmezzano
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2937:
2936:
2935:
2931:
2930:
2929:
2926:
2920:
2917:
2916:
2915:
2912:
2908:
2905:
2904:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2894:
2893:
2890:
2889:
2887:
2883:
2875:
2872:
2871:
2870:
2869:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2856:
2855:Swiss Italian
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2837:
2836:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2824:
2823:
2822:
2819:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2784:
2783:
2780:
2779:
2778:
2775:
2774:
2772:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2757:
2751:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2736:Transylvanian
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2698:
2697:
2696:
2695:Daco-Romanian
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2676:
2674:
2672:
2668:
2662:
2659:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2646:
2645:
2644:Italo-Western
2642:
2640:
2637:
2636:
2634:
2630:
2625:
2621:
2614:
2609:
2607:
2602:
2600:
2595:
2594:
2591:
2579:
2576:
2569:
2568:
2567:
2566:
2562:
2555:
2554:
2553:
2552:
2547:
2546:
2542:
2541:
2539:
2535:
2526:
2525:
2521:
2516:
2515:
2511:
2506:
2505:
2501:
2496:
2495:
2491:
2489:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2475:
2474:
2470:
2464:
2461:
2460:
2459:
2456:
2455:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2448:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2438:
2436:
2432:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2415:(Extremadura)
2413:
2412:
2408:
2403:
2402:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2370:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2345:
2344:
2343:
2342:
2338:
2331:
2330:
2329:
2328:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2312:
2311:
2310:
2309:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2293:
2292:
2291:
2290:
2286:
2279:
2278:
2277:
2276:
2272:
2265:
2264:
2263:
2262:
2258:
2251:
2250:
2249:
2248:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2232:
2231:
2230:
2229:
2225:
2218:
2217:
2216:
2215:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2199:
2198:
2197:
2196:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2171:
2169:
2167:
2166:South America
2163:
2157:
2154:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2139:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2120:
2116:
2115:
2114:
2113:United States
2111:
2110:
2108:
2106:
2105:North America
2102:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2090:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2060:
2058:
2056:
2052:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2014:
2011:
2008:
2007:Interamerican
2001:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1984:Equatoguinean
1982:
1980:
1977:
1976:
1974:
1970:
1965:
1961:
1954:
1949:
1947:
1942:
1940:
1935:
1934:
1931:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1916:
1913:
1912:
1899:
1893:
1888:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1859:
1848:
1844:
1837:
1831:
1829:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1800:
1792:
1785:
1781:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1737:
1727:
1724:
1723:
1722:
1719:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1706:
1705:
1702:
1698:
1695:
1694:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1671:
1668:
1667:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1647:
1645:
1638:South America
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1612:Cuban Spanish
1610:
1609:
1607:
1600:The Caribbean
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1566:
1564:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1531:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1521:
1519:
1512:North America
1506:
1492:
1484:
1476:
1468:
1462:
1458:
1452:
1446:
1440:
1432:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1374:
1366:
1358:
1352:
1348:
1345:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1324:
1321:
1315:
1309:
1306:
1303:
1297:
1291:
1290:
1286:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1263:
1259:
1253:
1245:
1237:
1229:
1221:
1216:, aside from
1215:
1211:
1206:
1198:
1190:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1166:
1165:non-rhoticity
1160:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1136:
1128:
1122:
1117:
1109:
1103:
1102:
1090:
1078:
1070:
1062:
1054:
1048:
1038:
1030:
1021:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
983:
977:
969:
963:
959:
955:
950:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
916:
910:
898:
890:
876:
870:
864:
860:
856:
850:
836:
835:
830:
827:
823:
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
797:
793:
789:
785:
782:
777:
776:
770:
767:
763:
759:
758:
753:
748:
740:
732:
726:
719:like English
716:
708:
702:
696:
691:
685:
677:
671:
668:
664:
660:
654:
648:
647:
642:
641:
634:
626:
618:
604:
603:
602:
600:
592:Main features
589:
587:
583:
578:
573:
571:
567:
563:
562:United States
559:
558:Latin America
555:
550:
546:
542:
530:
525:
523:
518:
516:
511:
510:
508:
507:
502:
499:
497:
494:
492:
489:
488:
487:
486:
483:
480:
479:
474:
471:
469:
466:
464:
461:
459:
456:
454:
451:
449:
446:
444:
441:
439:
436:
434:
431:
429:
426:
425:
424:
423:
420:
417:
416:
411:
408:
406:
403:
401:
398:
396:
393:
391:
388:
387:
386:
385:
382:
379:
378:
373:
370:
368:
365:
363:
360:
358:
355:
353:
350:
348:
345:
343:
340:
336:
333:
332:
331:
328:
326:
323:
321:
318:
316:
313:
311:
308:
306:
303:
301:
298:
296:
293:
291:
288:
286:
283:
281:
278:
276:
275:Equatoguinean
273:
271:
268:
266:
263:
261:
258:
256:
253:
251:
248:
246:
243:
241:
238:
236:
233:
231:
228:
226:
223:
221:
218:
216:
213:
211:
208:
206:
203:
202:
201:
200:
197:
194:
193:
186:
183:
181:
178:
177:
176:
173:
171:
168:
166:
163:
159:
156:
154:
151:
150:
149:
146:
142:
139:
138:
137:
134:
132:
129:
128:
127:
126:
123:
120:
119:
114:
111:
109:
106:
104:
101:
100:
99:
98:
95:
92:
91:
86:
83:
81:
78:
74:
71:
70:
69:
68:Pronunciation
66:
65:
64:
63:
59:
58:
52:
51:
43:
39:
38:
35:
32:
31:
19:
5037:
5009:Demographics
4603:World War II
4495:
4486:
4438:
4431:
4424:
4373:
4275:
4268:
4230:Languedocien
4222:
4215:Judeo-Gascon
4213:
4154:
4105:
4075:Barranquenho
4054:
4047:
4023:
4005:
3947:
3910:
3909:
3892:
3883:Extremaduran
3857:
3831:
3817:
3805:
3793:
3786:
3743:
3702:Asturleonese
3666:
3659:
3617:West Walloon
3605:Saintongeais
3553:
3529:
3525:Anglo-Norman
3483:
3416:Newfoundland
3376:Jersey Legal
3368:
3276:
3241:Southwestern
3224:Vallassinese
3113:Gallo-Picene
3054:Gallo-Italic
3016:
2932:
2927:
2866:
2832:
2747:
2693:
2563:
2549:
2543:
2522:
2514:Media Lengua
2512:
2502:
2492:
2485:
2471:
2445:
2409:
2399:
2339:
2333:Coastal Peru
2325:
2306:
2295:Paisa Region
2287:
2273:
2259:
2245:
2226:
2212:
2193:
2149:Sabine River
2136:
2123:
2118:
2087:
2040:Puerto Rican
2006:
1966:by continent
1887:
1876:. Retrieved
1868:
1858:
1816:the original
1803:
1797:
1784:
1460:
1456:
1444:
1419:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1335:
1331:
1322:
1319:
1304:
1301:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1179:
1175:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1100:
1045:are usually
981:
832:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
765:
761:
755:
724:
658:
644:
638:
595:
585:
581:
574:
538:
381:Dialectology
342:Puerto Rican
170:Prepositions
4999:Video games
4827:Agroecology
4822:Agriculture
4705:South Korea
4608:Debt crisis
4451:Campidanese
4277:Old Catalan
4270:Old Occitan
4007:Old Spanish
3941:Rioplatense
3745:Old Leonese
3573:Cotentinais
3537:Guernésiais
3460:Frenchville
3453:New England
3332:Bourbonnais
3284:Piedmontese
3278:Old Lombard
3170:Bergamasque
3094:Sammarinese
2479:Para-Romani
2341:Rioplatense
2281:Zulia State
2144:New Mexican
2132:Californian
2068:Costa Rican
2045:Trinidadian
1892:Lipski 1994
1760:Latin Union
1459:sound like
1427:Word-final
1391:approximant
1353:consonants
1334:'four' and
993:Extremadura
958:debuccalize
663:Andalusians
657:. However,
582:computadora
347:Rioplatense
300:New Mexican
255:Costa Rican
180:conjugation
131:Determiners
80:Orthography
4992:Telenovela
4982:Television
4962:Literature
4759:Governance
4644:Literature
4498:indicates
4456:Logudorese
3989:Philippine
3955:Andalusian
3949:Peninsular
3839:Estremenho
3795:Portuguese
3722:Cantabrian
3555:Law French
3547:Sercquiais
3381:Meridional
3342:Champenois
3337:Burgundian
3148:Tabarchino
3138:Monégasque
3077:Parmigiano
2934:Neapolitan
2907:Manduriano
2874:Florentine
2741:Wallachian
2711:Bukovinian
2524:Papiamento
2494:Palenquero
2385:Andalusian
2376:Peninsular
2359:Venezuelan
2302:Paraguayan
2247:Equatorial
2241:Ecuadorian
2095:Salvadoran
2083:Nicaraguan
2073:Guatemalan
2035:Panamanian
1989:Philippine
1878:2012-05-18
1841:(Report).
1776:References
1344:Mapudungun
925:, and the
640:distinción
372:Venezuelan
357:Salvadoran
330:Philippine
320:Peninsular
315:Panamanian
305:Nicaraguan
280:Guatemalan
270:Ecuadorian
205:Andalusian
165:Adjectives
113:Influences
4987:Companies
4902:Etiquette
4890:Education
4796:Pink tide
4781:Falangism
4766:Democracy
4728:Geography
4639:Libraries
4566:By period
4506:varieties
4489:indicate
4446:Sardinian
4403:Triestine
4351:Sursilvan
4262:Mentonasc
4240:Provençal
4189:Auvergnat
4175:Valencian
4131:Mallorcan
4121:Algherese
4096:Occitano-
4043:Navarrese
4031:Aragonese
3967:Castilian
3870:Castilian
3846:Uruguayan
3819:Brazilian
3782:Minderico
3776:/Eonavian
3739:Mirandese
3653:Valdôtain
3639:/Arpitan
3580:Orléanais
3531:Auregnais
3515:Mayennais
3465:Louisiana
3347:Ardennais
3327:Berrichon
3133:Intemelio
3089:Forlivese
3072:Bolognese
3018:Dalmatian
2982:Tarantino
2945:Benevento
2902:Salentino
2862:Sassarese
2826:Gallurese
2809:Romanesco
2762:Dalmatian
2726:Moldavian
2721:Maramureș
2679:Aromanian
2545:Cocoliche
2504:Chavacano
2487:Spanglish
2405:(Galicia)
2395:Castilian
2354:Uruguayan
2275:Maracucho
2208:Colombian
2030:Dominican
2017:Caribbean
1435:is velar
1417:and most
1387:fricative
1279:escarlata
1047:aspirated
989:Andalusia
859:Andalusia
790:Equally,
701:retroflex
586:ordenador
577:loanwords
491:Hispanism
448:Spanglish
367:Uruguayan
265:Dominican
250:Colombian
235:Caribbean
215:Argentine
5091:Category
5071:Category
4977:Religion
4912:HIV/AIDS
4907:Feminism
4752:Politics
4654:Brujería
4649:Military
4624:Catholic
4617:By topic
4382:Venetian
4356:Vallader
4346:Surmiran
4319:Cadorino
4302:Friulian
4235:Limousin
4204:Béarnese
4166:Western
4148:Northern
4136:Menorcan
4126:Balearic
4117:Eastern
4113:dialects
3972:Castrapo
3929:Peruvian
3900:dialects
3833:European
3801:dialects
3788:Portugis
3769:Galician
3710:Asturian
3648:Savoyard
3600:Poitevin
3568:Cauchois
3542:Jèrriais
3389:Canadian
3268:Varesino
3263:Ticinese
3251:Novarese
3246:Cremunés
3236:Ossolano
3231:Milanese
3219:Lecchese
3187:Brianzöö
3118:Ligurian
3084:Romagnol
2965:Arianese
2960:Irpinian
2955:Cilentan
2919:Pantesco
2914:Sicilian
2885:Southern
2821:Corsican
2797:Macerata
2792:Fabriano
2731:Oltenian
2701:dialects
2661:Southern
2565:Malespín
2551:Lunfardo
2508:(creole)
2498:(creole)
2441:Standard
2401:Castrapo
2390:Canarian
2327:Ribereño
2321:Peruvian
2214:Cordobés
2184:Bolivian
2174:Amazonic
2078:Honduran
2063:Belizean
2003:Americas
1979:Canarian
1847:Archived
1770:Hispanic
1734:See also
1379:plosives
1275:invierno
1271:"verso"'
1025:(before
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861:and the
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637:(called
613:(before
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482:Teaching
453:Castrapo
443:Portuñol
362:Standard
325:Peruvian
310:Paraguay
285:Honduran
230:Canarian
225:Bolivian
220:Belizean
196:Dialects
153:personal
148:Pronouns
60:Overview
4952:Cuisine
4927:Culture
4867:Society
4844:Tourism
4810:Economy
4739:Regions
4659:Slavery
4558:History
4487:Italics
4388:Chipilo
4331:Romansh
4294:Romance
4292:Rhaeto-
4257:Gardiol
4209:Landese
4199:Aranese
4184:Occitan
4143:Central
4107:Catalan
4098:Romance
3999:Creoles
3994:Saharan
3982:Murcian
3960:Llanito
3917:Chilean
3894:Spanish
3851:Creoles
3825:Mineiro
3807:African
3732:Riberan
3727:Leonese
3692:Iberian
3685:Romance
3612:Walloon
3585:Paydret
3563:Augeron
3503:Vosgien
3498:Gaumais
3493:Lorrain
3485:Creoles
3448:Muskrat
3394:Acadian
3322:Angevin
3312:Langues
3303:Romance
3209:Comasco
3182:Western
3175:Cremish
3165:Eastern
3160:Lombard
3128:Genoese
3123:Brigasc
3067:Emilian
3045:Western
3024:Istriot
2987:Vastese
2972:Molisan
2834:Italian
2770:Central
2716:Crișana
2671:Eastern
2654:Western
2639:Eastern
2537:Extinct
2458:Haketia
2447:Llanito
2420:Murcian
2308:Pastuso
2261:Llanero
2195:Chilote
2189:Chilean
2156:Mexican
2124:Chicano
2089:Pachuco
1994:Saharan
1964:Spanish
1917:by the
1420:Costeño
1407:peligro
1336:trabajo
1305:paterno
1267:Raizals
1095:German
1017:Melilla
985:/esˈta/
945:) have
939:Quechua
931:Bolivia
923:Ecuador
781:Ecuador
762:ustedes
570:Spanish
458:Creoles
428:Llanito
352:Saharan
295:Murcian
290:Mexican
245:Chilean
122:Grammar
94:History
5076:Portal
5026:Cities
4940:Cinema
4675:Canada
4634:Jewish
4418:Others
4398:Talian
4393:Fiuman
4367:Others
4307:Fornes
4245:Niçard
4194:Gascon
4162:Patuet
4068:Others
3977:Castúo
3683:Ibero-
3643:Faetar
3590:Picard
3520:Norman
3508:Welche
3431:Magoua
3421:Quebec
3411:Brayon
3370:French
3352:Rémois
3301:Gallo-
3256:Pavese
3214:Laghée
3192:Canzés
3143:Royasc
3005:Others
2940:Barese
2868:Tuscan
2814:Sabino
2787:Ancona
2760:Italo-
2411:Castúo
2372:Europe
2228:Cuyano
2179:Andean
2138:Isleño
1369:, and
1351:voiced
1332:cuatro
1323:eterno
1232:, and
1041:) and
1007:, the
1005:Madrid
997:Murcia
943:Aymara
834:yeísmo
815:alhaja
807:cuarto
803:alcoba
799:Arabic
787:there.
775:leísmo
723:as in
566:Canada
560:, the
433:Jopara
410:Loísmo
405:Leísmo
395:Yeísmo
335:status
210:Andean
158:object
141:gender
108:Middle
73:stress
4972:Music
4967:Media
4957:Dance
4945:Films
4878:Crime
4695:Japan
4690:Italy
4685:India
4680:China
4341:Putèr
4336:Jauer
4324:Nones
4314:Ladin
3813:Asian
3470:Houma
3443:Métis
3426:Joual
3399:Chiac
3364:Gallo
3314:d'oïl
2706:Banat
2578:Bozal
2434:Other
2289:Paisa
2025:Cuban
1850:(PDF)
1839:(PDF)
1819:(PDF)
1794:(PDF)
1455:make
1441:]
1437:[
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1399:barba
1395:pardo
1316:]
1312:[
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1294:[
1254:]
1250:[
1238:]
1234:[
1230:]
1226:[
1222:]
1218:[
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1203:[
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1195:[
1191:]
1187:[
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1151:>
1149:cardo
1143:>
1141:caldo
1118:]
1114:[
1110:]
1106:[
1091:]
1087:[
1083:/e,i/
1079:]
1075:[
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1067:[
1063:]
1059:[
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1051:[
1013:Ceuta
978:]
974:[
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915:Andes
911:]
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895:[
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887:[
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867:[
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737:[
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713:[
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693:[
659:seseo
646:seseo
635:]
631:[
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400:Voseo
390:Seseo
260:Cuban
175:Verbs
136:Nouns
85:Names
5048:List
4496:Bold
4081:Caló
3764:Fala
3690:West
2548:and
2473:Caló
2119:Caló
1898:help
1461:pang
1403:algo
1349:The
1340:and
1178:and
1176:rata
1153:cado
1145:cado
1131:and
1015:and
982:está
941:and
933:and
919:Peru
881:and
841:and
824:See
819:joya
621:and
609:and
564:and
4935:Art
1962:of
1808:doi
1457:pan
1445:pan
1389:or
1320:amo
1302:amo
1193:or
1174:of
1112:or
1101:ich
1099:in
1049:to
1033:or
972:to
960:or
905:as
893:or
885:as
725:she
496:RAE
103:Old
5093::
1871:.
1867:.
1827:^
1806:.
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1881:.
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1431:n
1429:/
1375:/
1373:ɡ
1371:/
1367:/
1365:d
1363:/
1359:/
1357:b
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1314:l
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1252:ɹ
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1236:l
1228:r
1220:ɾ
1205:z
1197:ɹ
1189:ʐ
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1159:r
1157:/
1137:/
1135:r
1133:/
1129:/
1127:l
1125:/
1120:.
1116:h
1108:x
1089:x
1077:ç
1069:x
1061:x
1053:h
1039:/
1037:i
1035:/
1031:/
1029:e
1027:/
976:h
970:/
968:s
966:/
949:ʎ
909:ʎ
897:ʃ
889:ʒ
869:ʎ
849:ʝ
828:.
783:.
751:.
749:/
747:s
745:/
739:θ
733:/
731:s
729:/
715:ʃ
709:/
707:s
705:/
686:/
684:s
682:/
678:/
676:θ
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655:/
653:s
651:/
633:θ
627:/
625:i
623:/
619:/
617:e
615:/
528:e
521:t
514:v
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