30:
453:
named Peter. In the first two books, where
Lawrence and Philip are in exile, Lawrence describes his longing for the good times of Bishop Geoffrey's era, describes the great things of Durham, and disparages Cumin and the behaviour of his soldiers . In books iii and iv, when the two Durham monks have
371:
Lawrence's opposition, as expressed in his writings, was vehement, and he has been described as "one of the most persistent opponents of Cumin". Subsequently, Lawrence rose in station within the hierarchy of the priory. Lawrence held the office of sub-prior by
November 1147. Following the death of
238:, Essex, a place that Lawrence claimed was renowned for its poets. A date of around 1114 has been suggested for his birth, but this is uncertain; other potential dates put forward include c. 1110 and c. 1100. Growing taller than average, he was educated at the church of
407:. The story, Lawrence tells us, was that Lawrence had received from Ailred's father a hagiography of the saint written in a "half-barbaric" style. Lawrence polished it up, and sent it to Ailred while the latter was a member of the court of
333:, arranged to have himself made the new bishop. Although winning support from most local potentates (though notably not Robert de Conyers), Cumin failed to secure the consent of the monastic chapter or the archdeacon, who insisted on a
430:, though becoming a member of the episcopal court meant he was only able to compose 40 lines per day. He managed to get the work up to a good size when it disappeared one Christmas, stolen, Lawrence thought, by a maid-servant. The
265:
and his son Peter—are known from this era, and it is likely that one of them was
Lawrence's instructor. Waltham, founded by in the first half of the 11th century, had been a property of Durham from the episcopate of
301:
among his favourite authors. If
Lawrence's own testimony is to be believed, he was held in high acclaim in his early years for his poetry and fine singing. In Lawrence's time as a teacher, he may have taught
387:
as bishop of Durham, the replacement of
William de Ste Barbe who had died in 1152. It was on his return, while in a French town, that illness took him. His body was later taken and buried at Durham.
422:(meaning, according to Lawrence, abbreviation). This he wrote during his years at Bishop Geoffrey's court. It is a nine-book epic of unrhymed couplets, recounting the biblical tale of mankind from
514:(reprimanding the people of Durham for bad treatment of wrecked sailors). Among other works of Lawrence is the 56-line "Tempora nec Sexum Metuit", a reflection on mankind and
1220:
1302:
Libellus de exordio atque procursu istius, hoc est
Dunhelmensis, ecclesie = Tract on the origins and progress of this the Church of Durham / Symeon of Durham
1468:
1247:
372:
Prior Roger in either 1148 or 1149, Lawrence took over the leadership of the priory itself, and is named for the first time in such capacity in 1149. As
1363:
1126:
1113:
1100:
1049:
773:
882:
1453:
1428:
160:
in Essex, Lawrence was given a religious education, and excelled at singing and poetry composition. In his youth
Lawrence joined
1448:
1433:
1156:
Hoste, A. (1960), "A Survey of the
Unedited Work of Laurence of Durham with an Edition of His Letter to Aelred of Rievaulx",
1057:
1052:, Soll man um Tote trauern? Eine Antwort aus dem Jahre 1141 in der Consolatio des Laurentius von Durham, Erlangen 2010;
522:
manuscript; a 23-line rebuke of fickleness, "Aura Puer Mulier"; and a dialogue carried out in 109 rhymed stanzas where
454:
been allowed to return by Cumin, Lawrence recounts his own upbringing, and the characters debate various moral points.
1333:
1309:
1288:
1211:
1193:
890:
360:
for the throne of
England. Cumin lost most of this support by the end of 1142, neutralising the dispute, and in 1143
1438:
1116:, Laurentius von Durham, Consolatio de morte amici. Untersuchungen und kritischer Text, Diss. Erlangen 1969, S. 190
1129:, Das Emmausgedicht des Laurentius von Durham, in: Mittellateinisches Jahrbuch 5 (1968, printed 1969), S. 79–100
535:
471:
190:, claimant to the vacant episcopate during the first half of the decade, and suffered brief exile from the
206:. During his lifetime as a monk of Durham, Lawrence wrote several important works in Latin, including the
1463:
376:, the most important ecclesiastical office in the diocese after the bishop, he remained until his death.
1318:
480:
423:
885:, Gottes Heilsplan – verdichtet. Edition des Hypognosticon des Laurentius Dunelmensis, Erlangen 2002;
776:,Zum Brief des Bernhard von Clairvaux an Prior Roger, in: Analecta Cisterciensia 26 (1970), S. 248–252
1458:
434:, an improved version of what he could remember of this work, was written in the space of one month.
1229:, Publications of the Surtees Society ; v. 70, Durham: Andrews and co. for the Surtees Society
368:
as the new bishop. Cumin subsequently seized the priory and ejected the monks, including
Lawrence.
275:
868:
For which, see "Survey of the Unedited Work of Laurence of Durham", pp. 249–265; see also Sharpe,
418:
Lawrence's most famous work in the Middle Ages—surviving in at least 17 manuscript copies—was the
243:
161:
1103:, Die fünf Reden des Laurentius von Durham, in: Mittellateinisches Jahrbuch 8 (1971), S. 108–141
1443:
955:
338:
1423:
361:
239:
235:
195:
157:
41:
8:
527:
408:
271:
1224:
531:
353:
334:
303:
223:
1329:
1305:
1284:
1207:
1189:
1173:
1053:
886:
412:
404:
379:
Lawrence died on either 16 March or 18 March 1154. Lawrence had gone to Rome to seek
341:
307:
219:
165:
56:
1252:
1165:
967:
319:
255:
180:
1271:
1397:
1383:
956:"Coincidence, Convention or Copycat Crime? A Curious Case of the Twelfth Century"
373:
357:
315:
281:
According to his own account, he continued his education at Durham, learning the
251:
203:
109:
67:
1297:
1256:
384:
311:
176:
1362:(ed.), "Vita S. Brigidae auctore Laurentio Dunelmensi ex MS. Salmanticensi.",
1239:
1417:
1177:
330:
247:
187:
1359:
1346:, Borthwick Papers No. 54, York: Borthwick Institute of Historical Research
441:, has been hailed as Lawrence's "most original work". The work is a set of
380:
153:
1169:
310:. Lawrence took up a place in the bishop's court during the episcopate of
539:
515:
462:
400:
349:
215:
1368:, vol. i. pp. 172–85 (1 February), Oxford: Société des Bollandistes
972:
449:. The dialogues feature Lawrence, Philip, another monk of Durham, and a
415:; that is, between 1130 and 1134. Lawrence's letter to Ailred survives.
1237:(2004). "Durham, Lawrence of (c.1110–1154), poet and prior of Durham".
1234:
503:
286:
149:
427:
345:
323:
199:
191:
29:
1344:
William Cumin: Border Politics and the Bishopric of Durham 1141–1144
523:
466:
442:
329:
After Bishop Geoffrey's death, one of Geoffrey's former courtiers,
298:
172:
426:
to the present. Lawrence had been composing a metrical version of
450:
446:
282:
267:
145:
290:
294:
186:
After the latter's death, Lawrence was a leading opponent of
365:
168:
314:(1133–1141). Probably an episcopal chaplain, Lawrence was
1204:
Manuscripts in Northumbria in the 11th and 12th Centuries
465:
of 15 metra and 16 prose sections, closely modelled on
591:, pp. xxviii–xxix, 43–44; Rigg, "Durham, Lawrence of"
490:
Further, five speeches written in prose are extant:
344:and his father the Scottish king, along with other
1304:, Oxford Medieval Texts, Oxford: Clarendon Press,
1238:
1184:Knowles, David; Hadcock, R. Neville, eds. (1971),
475:. Lawrence, grieving over the death of his friend
1323:Medieval Irish Saints' Lives: An Introduction to
801:
799:
1415:
1226:Dialogi Laurentii Dunelmensis monachi et prioris
1201:
1048:Latin Text edited and translated into German by
242:, the church of the Holy Cross, before entering
613:Knowles and Hadcock, p. 178; Lawrence-Mathers,
1281:A History of Anglo-Latin Literature, 1066–1422
1186:Medieval Religious Houses in England and Wales
1183:
796:
348:, making his struggle for recognition part of
1251:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
494:(attacking unjust allegations and tyranny),
194:. After Cumin's defeat and the accession of
1469:12th-century English Roman Catholic priests
542:, get interrupted and reassured by Christ.
445:, in four books, averaging c. 550 lines of
337:. For two years William had the support of
1082:
1080:
1078:
1005:
1003:
1001:
999:
834:
832:
1283:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
971:
510:(defending a suitor of a noble girl) and
457:Another work attributed to Lawrence, the
1296:
813:, pp. 33–34; Rigg, "Durham, Lawrence of"
85:Church of the Holy Cross school, Waltham
1248:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1241:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1075:
1016:
996:
829:
498:(rebutting an allegation of sedition),
144:(died 1154) was a 12th-century English
1416:
1317:
648:
646:
644:
642:
640:
561:, pp. xxvii, 40–41; Lawrence-Mathers,
1358:
1341:
1219:
1155:
565:, p. 144; Rigg, "Durham, Lawrence of"
1278:
1233:
953:
826:, p. 30; Rigg, "Durham, Lawrence of"
483:, who insists on the immortality of
395:His earliest work appears to be his
1328:, Oxford: Oxford University Press,
637:
574:Rigg, "Durham, Lawrence of"; Rigg,
261:Two teachers of the Waltham school—
13:
1352:
479:, is persuaded not to mourn by an
229:
14:
1480:
1206:, Woodbridge: The Boydell Press,
1188:(2nd ed.), London: Longman,
1140:History of Anglo-Latin Literature
1088:History of Anglo-Latin Literature
1070:History of Anglo-Latin Literature
1037:History of Anglo-Latin Literature
1024:History of Anglo-Latin Literature
1011:History of Anglo-Latin Literature
991:History of Anglo-Latin Literature
916:History of Anglo-Latin Literature
903:History of Anglo-Latin Literature
853:History of Anglo-Latin Literature
840:History of Anglo-Latin Literature
663:History of Anglo-Latin Literature
576:History of Anglo-Latin Literature
502:(defending some men who looted a
171:. In the 1130s Lawrence became a
1454:People from Waltham Abbey, Essex
156:. Born in southern England, at
28:
1429:12th-century English historians
1202:Lawrence-Mathers, Anne (2003),
1132:
1119:
1106:
1093:
1062:
1042:
1029:
947:
934:
921:
908:
895:
875:
862:
845:
816:
779:
767:
750:
737:
724:
711:
698:
685:
93:2nd quarter of the 12th century
672:
655:
624:
607:
594:
581:
568:
551:
318:and may have held the post of
1:
1449:Medieval Latin-language poets
1434:12th-century writers in Latin
1148:
518:written in the margin of one
352:, the wider struggle between
1272:UK public library membership
805:Knowles, Brooke and London,
785:Knowles, Brooke and London,
756:Knowles, Brooke and London,
472:De Consolatione Philosophiae
77:Lawrence/Laurence of Waltham
7:
1072:, p. 57, and p. 341, n. 158
870:Medieval Irish Saints Lives
857:Medieval Irish Saints Lives
652:Rigg, "Durham, Lawrence of"
390:
10:
1485:
403:of the Irish Gaelic saint
1404:
1395:
1389:
1382:
1325:Vitae Sanctorum Hiberniae
807:Heads of Religious Houses
787:Heads of Religious Houses
758:Heads of Religious Houses
459:Consolatio de Morte Amici
270:until its acquisition by
250:during the episcopate of
131:
123:
115:
105:
97:
89:
81:
73:
63:
49:
36:
27:
20:
545:
492:Laurentius pro Laurentio
437:Another major work, the
1439:English Christian monks
244:Durham Cathedral Priory
162:Durham Cathedral Priory
1384:Catholic Church titles
1257:10.1093/ref:odnb/16167
339:earl of Northumberland
274:early in the reign of
1170:10.1484/J.SE.2.304771
905:, pp. 54, 340, n. 153
487:soul and God's love.
397:Vita Sanctae Brigidae
322:in Bishop Geoffrey's
234:Lawrence was born at
1342:Young, Alan (1978),
1279:Rigg, A. G. (1992),
1035:Summarised by Rigg,
914:Summarised by Rigg,
617:, p. 144, Rollason,
362:William de Ste Barbe
196:William de Ste Barbe
1360:Bollandus, Johannus
973:10.3138/flor.16.005
954:Rigg, A.G. (1999).
383:of the election of
1464:English male poets
809:, p. 43; Le Neve,
789:, p. 43; Le Neve,
760:, p. 43; Le Neve,
630:Lawrence-Mathers,
335:canonical election
224:Ailred of Rievaulx
198:, Lawrence became
142:Lawrence of Durham
22:Lawrence of Durham
1412:
1411:
1405:Succeeded by
1270:(Subscription or
1058:978-3-7896-0688-5
855:, p. 54; Sharpe,
413:King of the Scots
405:Brigid of Kildare
308:abbot of Rievaulx
139:
138:
90:Years active
1476:
1459:Priors of Durham
1390:Preceded by
1380:
1379:
1376:
1375:
1373:
1347:
1338:
1314:
1293:
1275:
1267:
1265:
1263:
1244:
1230:
1216:
1198:
1180:
1143:
1136:
1130:
1123:
1117:
1110:
1104:
1097:
1091:
1084:
1073:
1066:
1060:
1046:
1040:
1033:
1027:
1020:
1014:
1007:
994:
993:, p. 340, n. 153
989:, p. xxx; Rigg,
984:
982:
980:
975:
951:
945:
938:
932:
925:
919:
912:
906:
899:
893:
879:
873:
866:
860:
849:
843:
836:
827:
820:
814:
803:
794:
783:
777:
771:
765:
754:
748:
741:
735:
728:
722:
715:
709:
702:
696:
689:
683:
676:
670:
665:, p. 59; Raine,
659:
653:
650:
635:
628:
622:
611:
605:
598:
592:
585:
579:
572:
566:
555:
538:, bemoaning the
496:Pro in Malgerium
354:Stephen de Blois
320:receiver general
256:bishop of Durham
181:bishop of Durham
74:Other names
32:
18:
17:
1484:
1483:
1479:
1478:
1477:
1475:
1474:
1473:
1414:
1413:
1408:
1401:
1398:Prior of Durham
1393:
1371:
1369:
1355:
1353:Further reading
1350:
1336:
1319:Sharpe, Richard
1312:
1298:Rollason, David
1291:
1269:
1261:
1259:
1214:
1196:
1151:
1146:
1137:
1133:
1124:
1120:
1111:
1107:
1098:
1094:
1085:
1076:
1067:
1063:
1047:
1043:
1034:
1030:
1021:
1017:
1008:
997:
978:
976:
952:
948:
939:
935:
926:
922:
913:
909:
900:
896:
880:
876:
872:, p. 33, n. 121
867:
863:
859:, p. 33, n. 121
850:
846:
837:
830:
821:
817:
804:
797:
784:
780:
772:
768:
755:
751:
742:
738:
729:
725:
716:
712:
703:
699:
690:
686:
677:
673:
660:
656:
651:
638:
629:
625:
621:, p. 212, n. 94
612:
608:
599:
595:
586:
582:
573:
569:
556:
552:
548:
393:
374:prior of Durham
364:was elected at
358:Empress Matilda
252:Ranulf Flambard
232:
230:Life and career
204:prior of Durham
110:Prior of Durham
59:
54:
45:
23:
12:
11:
5:
1482:
1472:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1410:
1409:
1406:
1403:
1394:
1391:
1387:
1386:
1378:
1377:
1365:Acta Sanctorum
1354:
1351:
1349:
1348:
1339:
1334:
1315:
1310:
1300:, ed. (2000),
1294:
1289:
1276:
1231:
1223:, ed. (1880),
1217:
1212:
1199:
1194:
1181:
1158:Sacris Erudiri
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1144:
1131:
1127:Udo Kindermann
1118:
1114:Udo Kindermann
1105:
1101:Udo Kindermann
1092:
1074:
1061:
1050:Udo Kindermann
1041:
1028:
1015:
995:
946:
944:, pp. xxx–xxxi
933:
920:
907:
894:
874:
861:
844:
828:
815:
795:
778:
774:Udo Kindermann
766:
749:
736:
723:
710:
697:
684:
671:
654:
636:
623:
606:
593:
580:
567:
549:
547:
544:
534:and the other
392:
389:
385:Hugh du Puiset
312:Geoffrey Rufus
258:, 1099–1128).
231:
228:
177:Geoffrey Rufus
137:
136:
133:
129:
128:
125:
121:
120:
117:
113:
112:
107:
103:
102:
99:
98:Known for
95:
94:
91:
87:
86:
83:
79:
78:
75:
71:
70:
65:
61:
60:
55:
51:
47:
46:
40:
38:
34:
33:
25:
24:
21:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1481:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1444:Hagiographers
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1421:
1419:
1400:
1399:
1388:
1385:
1381:
1367:
1366:
1361:
1357:
1356:
1345:
1340:
1337:
1335:0-19-821582-7
1331:
1327:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1313:
1311:0-19-820207-5
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1292:
1290:0-521-41594-2
1286:
1282:
1277:
1273:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1249:
1243:
1242:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1227:
1222:
1218:
1215:
1213:0-85991-765-7
1209:
1205:
1200:
1197:
1195:0-582-11230-3
1191:
1187:
1182:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1154:
1153:
1141:
1135:
1128:
1122:
1115:
1109:
1102:
1096:
1089:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1071:
1065:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1045:
1038:
1032:
1025:
1019:
1012:
1006:
1004:
1002:
1000:
992:
988:
974:
969:
965:
961:
957:
950:
943:
937:
930:
924:
917:
911:
904:
898:
892:
891:3-7896-0668-5
888:
884:
878:
871:
865:
858:
854:
848:
841:
835:
833:
825:
819:
812:
808:
802:
800:
792:
788:
782:
775:
770:
763:
759:
753:
746:
745:William Cumin
740:
733:
732:William Cumin
727:
720:
719:William Cumin
714:
707:
706:William Cumin
701:
694:
693:William Cumin
688:
681:
680:William Cumin
675:
668:
664:
658:
649:
647:
645:
643:
641:
633:
627:
620:
616:
610:
603:
597:
590:
584:
577:
571:
564:
560:
554:
550:
543:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
520:Hypognosticon
517:
513:
512:Pro Naufragis
509:
505:
501:
500:Pro Iuvenibus
497:
493:
488:
486:
482:
478:
474:
473:
468:
464:
460:
455:
452:
448:
444:
440:
435:
433:
432:Hypognosticon
429:
425:
421:
420:Hypognosticon
416:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
388:
386:
382:
377:
375:
369:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
340:
336:
332:
331:William Cumin
327:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
279:
277:
273:
272:Queen Matilda
269:
264:
259:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
240:Waltham Abbey
237:
227:
225:
221:
217:
213:
212:Hypognosticon
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
188:William Cumin
184:
182:
178:
174:
170:
167:
164:and became a
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
111:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
69:
66:
64:Resting place
62:
58:
52:
48:
43:
39:
35:
31:
26:
19:
16:
1396:
1370:, retrieved
1364:
1343:
1326:
1322:
1301:
1280:
1260:. Retrieved
1246:
1240:
1225:
1221:Raine, James
1203:
1185:
1161:
1157:
1139:
1134:
1121:
1108:
1095:
1087:
1069:
1064:
1044:
1036:
1031:
1023:
1018:
1010:
990:
986:
977:. Retrieved
963:
959:
949:
941:
936:
928:
923:
915:
910:
902:
897:
883:Susanne Daub
877:
869:
864:
856:
852:
847:
839:
823:
818:
810:
806:
790:
786:
781:
769:
761:
757:
752:
744:
739:
734:, pp. 11, 22
731:
726:
718:
713:
705:
700:
692:
687:
679:
674:
666:
662:
657:
634:, pp. 144–45
631:
626:
618:
614:
609:
601:
596:
588:
583:
575:
570:
562:
558:
553:
519:
511:
507:
499:
495:
491:
489:
484:
481:interlocutor
476:
470:
458:
456:
438:
436:
431:
424:the creation
419:
417:
396:
394:
381:confirmation
378:
370:
328:
280:
262:
260:
233:
211:
207:
185:
154:hagiographer
141:
140:
101:Latin poetry
15:
1424:1154 deaths
1235:Rigg, A. G.
1164:: 249–265,
1142:, pp. 57–58
1039:, pp. 59–61
960:Florilegium
918:, pp. 54–58
793:, pp. 33–34
721:, pp. 20–21
708:, pp. 12–14
695:, pp. 14–15
682:, pp. 11–12
632:Manuscripts
615:Manuscripts
604:, p. xxviii
563:Manuscripts
540:Crucifixion
463:prosimetrum
401:hagiography
350:The Anarchy
220:Saint Brigd
216:hagiography
166:Benedictine
124:Predecessor
1418:Categories
1402:1149–1154
1274:required.)
1149:References
1125:Edited by
1112:Edited by
1099:Edited by
979:31 October
881:Edited by
508:Pro Milone
504:ship wreck
399:, a Latin
346:Matildines
287:quadrivium
150:Latin poet
53:March 1154
1178:0771-7776
985:; Raine,
966:: 31–39.
822:Le Neve,
669:, p. xxix
443:dialogues
428:the Bible
324:exchequer
202:and then
200:sub-prior
192:monastery
132:Successor
119:1149–1154
82:Education
1372:9 August
1321:(1991),
1262:9 August
931:, p. xxx
619:Libellus
536:Apostles
524:Cleophas
516:the Fall
485:Paganus'
467:Boethius
447:elegiacs
391:Writings
356:and the
306:, later
299:Plotinus
263:Athelard
214:, and a
173:courtier
1407:Absalom
1090:, p. 57
1026:, p. 59
1013:, p. 58
987:Dialogi
942:Dialogi
940:Raine,
929:Dialogi
927:Raine,
842:, p. 54
764:, p. 33
747:, p. 11
743:Young,
730:Young,
717:Young,
704:Young,
691:Young,
678:Young,
667:Dialogi
602:Dialogi
600:Raine,
589:Dialogi
587:Raine,
578:, p. 54
559:Dialogi
557:Raine,
477:Paganus
461:, is a
439:Dialogi
409:David I
289:, with
283:trivium
276:Henry I
268:Walcher
236:Waltham
208:Dialogi
158:Waltham
146:prelate
135:Absalom
44:, Essex
42:Waltham
1332:
1308:
1287:
1268:
1210:
1192:
1176:
1138:Rigg,
1086:Rigg,
1068:Rigg,
1056:
1022:Rigg,
1009:Rigg,
901:Rigg,
889:
851:Rigg,
838:Rigg,
661:Rigg,
532:Thomas
451:Breton
316:cantor
304:Ailred
291:Virgil
248:novice
210:, the
68:Durham
57:France
1392:Roger
824:Fasti
811:Fasti
791:Fasti
762:Fasti
546:Notes
342:Henry
295:Plato
246:as a
127:Roger
106:Title
1374:2010
1330:ISBN
1306:ISBN
1285:ISBN
1264:2009
1208:ISBN
1190:ISBN
1174:ISSN
1054:ISBN
981:2013
887:ISBN
528:Luke
366:York
297:and
285:and
222:for
169:monk
152:and
116:Term
50:Died
37:Born
1253:doi
1166:doi
968:doi
506:),
469:'s
218:of
175:of
1420::
1245:.
1172:,
1162:11
1160:,
1077:^
998:^
964:16
962:.
958:.
831:^
798:^
639:^
530:,
526:,
411:,
326:.
293:,
278:.
226:.
183:.
179:,
148:,
1266:.
1255::
1168::
983:.
970::
254:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
