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379:, were still drawn to religious life and were able to contribute to the order through their skills. Some were skilled in artistic handicrafts, others functioned as administrators of the orders' material assets. In particular, the lay brothers of the Cistercians were skilled in agriculture, and have been credited for the tilling of fertile farmland.
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with more time for the Office and study, as well as creating the opportunity for the illiterate to join the religious life. They, too, wore a habit different from those of the choir sisters, and their required daily prayers consisted of prayers such as the Little Office or a certain number of Paters.
450:. In the early medieval period, there was also mention of lay brothers attached to convents of women and of lay sisters attached to monasteries. In both configurations, the two sexes were strictly kept separate, housed in distinct buildings. This arrangement, however, has since been long abolished.
330:, the complete control of the order's property by the lay brothers led to serious disturbances, and finally to the ruin of the order; whereas the wiser regulations of the Cistercians provided against this danger and formed the model for the later orders. In England, the
367:. As part of the subsequent reforms and experimentation, many of the distinctions between lay and choir religious in terms of dress and spiritual regimen were abolished or mitigated. In many religious institutes, lay and choir religious wear the same habit.
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lay brothers wore a cap instead of a hood, and their habit was shorter; the
English Benedictine lay brothers wore a hood of a different shape from that of the choir monks, and no cowl; a
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Lay brothers were found in many religious orders. Drawn from the working classes, they were pious and hardworking people, who though unable to achieve the education needed to receive
414:, but usually their labor in the fields (and hence away from the church) prevented them from participating in the Liturgy of the Hours. Lay brothers would instead pray
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Lay sisters were found in most of the orders of women, and their origin, like that of the lay brothers, is to be found in the necessity of providing the choir
256:, even though great numbers of illiterate persons had embraced the religious life. At the same time, it was found necessary to regulate the position of the
214:. Lay brothers were originally created to allow those who were skilled in particular crafts or did not have the required education to study for
252:. But, by the beginning of the 11th century, the time devoted to study had greatly increased, thus a larger proportion of the monks were in
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made but slight use of lay brothers, finding the service of paid attendants more convenient.” Nonetheless, they are “mentioned in the
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The system of lay sisters seem to have appeared earlier than that of lay brothers, being first recorded in a ninth century
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A misericord in the choir stalls for lay brethren (1280s) at Bad
Doberan minster - Temptation of a lay brother by the devil
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lay brother would wear a black, instead of a white, scapular. In some orders they were required to recite daily the
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being used only to designate those who had received the habit late in life, to distinguish them from the
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Member of a religious order, particularly in the
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Lay brothers were sometimes distinguished from their brethren by some difference in their
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the lay brothers were instituted; and we find similar attempts at organization at the
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Medieval
Monasticism: Forms of Religious Life In Western Europe In The Middle Ages.
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Who Are My
Brothers?: Cleric-Lay Relationships in Men's Religious Communities.
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610:. Michael F. Meister, F.S.C., ed. Landover: Christian Brothers, 1993.
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Philip
Armstrong, C.S.C., ed. New York: Society of St. Paul, 1988.
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the manual work was relegated mostly to paid servants, but the
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were not clerics, and all performed manual labour, the word
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195:in that they did not pray in choir, and from
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62:introducing citations to additional sources
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412:Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary
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52:Relevant discussion may be found on the
179:is a largely extinct term referring to
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623:C.H. Lawrence. London: Longman, 1984.
398:they wore a large cloak, instead of a
291:(d. 1091) gave a special rule to the
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