388:
38:
376:
348:
1869:
613:
640:, writing under the rule of Constantine, charges him with expelling Christians from the Palace and ordering military sacrifices to pagan gods, as well as interfering with the Church's internal procedures and organization. It has been theorized that he originally supported Christians along with Constantine, but later in his life turned against them and to paganism.
1639:, 33–34) questions the parentage of Theodora shown here. He proposes that Maximian is her natural father (and that her mother is possibly a daughter of Afranius Hannibalianus). Substituting Afranicus Hannibalianus and switching the positions of Maximian and Eutropia would produce a diagram that matches the alternative lineage.
551:
Constantine wasted no time going on the offensive. Licinius's fleet of 350 ships was defeated by
Constantine's fleet in 323. Then in 324, Constantine, tempted by the "advanced age and unpopular vices" of his colleague, again declared war against him and having defeated his army of 165,000 men at the
535:
Over the next ten years, the two imperial colleagues maintained an uneasy truce. Licinius kept himself busy with a campaign against the
Sarmatians in 318, but temperatures rose again in 321 when Constantine pursued some Sarmatians, who had been ravaging some territory in his realm, across the Danube
628:
As part of
Constantine's attempts to decrease Licinius's popularity, he actively portrayed his brother-in-law as a pagan supporter. This may not have been the case; contemporary evidence tends to suggest that he was at least a committed supporter of Christians at one point. He co-authored the Edict
424:, which was held by Licinius' troops. Undeterred, he took the town after an eleven-day siege. He moved to Heraclea, which he captured after a short siege, before moving his forces to the first posting station. With a much smaller body of men, possibly around 30,000, Licinius arrived at
633:, and re-affirmed the rights of Christians in his half of the empire. He also added the Christian symbol to his armies, and attempted to regulate the affairs of the Church hierarchy just as Constantine and his successors were to do. His wife was a devout Christian.
336:(and any religion one might choose) to be professed in the Empire, with additional dispositions that restored confiscated properties to Christian congregations and exempted Christian clergy from municipal civic duties. The redaction of the edict as reproduced by
600:; however, both former emperors were subsequently executed. After his defeat, Licinius attempted to regain power with Gothic support, but his plans were exposed, and he was sentenced to death. While attempting to flee to the Goths, Licinius was apprehended at
643:
Finally, on
Licinius's death, his memory was branded with infamy; his statues were thrown down; and by edict, all his laws and judicial proceedings during his reign were abolished. Such official erasure from the public record has come to be called
432:. Before the decisive engagement, Licinius allegedly had a vision in which an angel recited him a generic prayer that could be adopted by all cults which Licinius then repeated to his soldiers. On 30 April 313, the two armies clashed at the
507:
In 314, a civil war erupted between
Licinius and Constantine, in which Constantine used the pretext that Licinius was harbouring Senecio, whom Constantine accused of plotting to overthrow him. Constantine prevailed at the
263:
to attempt to reach some sort of agreement about the latter's illegitimate political position. Galerius then trusted the eastern provinces to
Licinius when he went to deal with Maxentius personally after the death of
678:
470:
Given that
Constantine had already crushed his rival Maxentius in 312, the two men decided to divide the Roman world between them. As a result of this settlement, the
312:
An alliance between
Maximinus and Maxentius forced the two remaining emperors to enter into a formal agreement with each other. So, in March of 313, Licinius married
2179:
344:
on 14 June 313, after
Maximinus' defeat – uses neutral language, expressing a will to propitiate "any Divinity whatsoever in the seat of the heavens".
706:
671:
2104:
3904:
502:
1889:
1884:
1051:
444:
by establishing fortifications there. Unfortunately for Daza, Licinius' army succeeded in breaking through, forcing Daza to retreat to
436:, and in the ensuing battle Daza's forces were crushed. Ridding himself of the imperial purple and dressing like a slave, Daza fled to
664:
588:. Due to the intervention of Flavia Julia Constantia, Constantine's sister and also Licinius' wife, both Licinius and his co-emperor
2480:
3909:
3005:
1828:
3864:
3799:
3667:
2139:
2068:
1962:
3832:
Italics indicates a junior co-emperor, underlining indicates an emperor variously regarded as either legitimate or a usurper
3012:
448:, where Licinius continued to press him on land and sea. The war between them ended only with Daza's death in August 313.
3899:
3874:
3635:
616:
One of a hoard of five or six identical silver plates celebrating
Licinius's 10th anniversary as Emperor, discovered in
3869:
1712:
489:
After making the pact, Licinius rushed immediately to the East to deal with another threat, an invasion by the Persian
416:, although the harsh weather he encountered along the way had gravely weakened his army. In April 313, he crossed the
2157:
2101:
James Richard Gearey, "The Persecution of Licinius". MA thesis, University of Calgary, 1999, Chapter 4. Available at
1913:
1661:
584:(18 September), resulted in Licinius' final submission. In this conflict Licinius was supported by the Gothic prince
3889:
2335:
2323:
293:, inflicting a severe defeat on them. On the death of Galerius in May 311, Licinius entered into an agreement with
3859:
3601:
3584:
3411:
3399:
2364:
451:
Licinius sought out and killed multiple relatives of the Tetrarchs - Daza’s wife and two children, Severus’ son
440:. Believing he still had a chance to come out victorious, Daza attempted to stop the advance of Licinius at the
3879:
3572:
3364:
3326:
3286:
3253:
1375:
536:
into what was technically Licinius's territory. When he repeated this with another invasion, this time by the
3787:
3613:
3440:
3406:
3370:
3259:
456:
255:, on the Persian expedition in 298. He was trusted enough by Galerius that in 307 he was sent as an envoy to
3428:
2473:
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3188:
2654:
2125:
1632:
597:
3929:
3924:
3819:
3775:
3753:
3704:
3591:
3382:
3151:
2493:
553:
278:
98:
532:. The emperors were reconciled after these two battles and Licinius had his co-emperor Valens killed.
309:
became the dividing line, with Licinius taking the European provinces and Maximinus taking the Asian.
3726:
3694:
3519:
2699:
2458:
2084:
1058:
20:
387:
3736:
3689:
3236:
2883:
2421:
2102:
1542:
231:
that granted official toleration to Christians in the Roman Empire. He was finally defeated at the
43:
3544:
3524:
3298:
3178:
2466:
2450:
1352:
313:
164:
2129:
2043:
3814:
3793:
3699:
2489:
2205:
758:
604:. Constantine had him hanged, accusing him of conspiring to raise troops among the barbarians.
297:
to share the eastern provinces between them. By this point, not only was Licinius the official
204:
1946:
1700:
375:
3748:
3743:
3719:
3714:
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2851:
2428:
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1327:
577:
520:
in 315, it was but a lull in the storm. The next year a new war erupted, when Licinius named
277:
in the West on 11 November 308, and under his immediate command were the Balkan provinces of
232:
37:
1874:
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
3849:
3731:
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3539:
3514:
3479:
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1948:
History of Rome: And of the Roman People, from Its Origin to the Invasion of the Barbarians
637:
561:
516:(8 October 314). Although the situation was temporarily settled, with both men sharing the
412:
Daza in the meantime decided to attack Licinius. Leaving Syria with 70,000 men, he reached
104:
8:
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3647:
3625:
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589:
433:
1933:
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1836:
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171:
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1034:
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525:
460:
429:
273:
1963:"Oeuvre : Précisions – camée, "Triomphe de Licinius" (camée.308) | catalogue"
524:
co-emperor, only for Licinius to suffer a humiliating defeat on the plains in the
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3027:
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114:
301:
of the west but he also possessed part of the eastern provinces as well, as the
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3303:
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329:
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228:
216:
109:
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2403:
2354:
2315:
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2239:
2218:
1880:
1875:
1809:
1772:
317:
251:
Superior, Licinius accompanied his close childhood friend and future emperor
224:
220:
83:
52:
2060:
Defending Constantine: The Twilight of an Empire and the Dawn of Christendom
3554:
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1967:
Département des monnaies, médailles et antiques | BnF – Site institutionnel
1283:
601:
593:
548:, Licinius complained that Constantine had broken the treaty between them.
347:
333:
154:
142:
223:
from 308 to 324. For most of his reign, he was the colleague and rival of
3418:
3293:
3243:
3168:
2742:
2689:
2632:
2231:
1932:., ch. 48, cf. Internet History Sourcebooks Project, Fordham University,
1597:
325:
176:
119:
1893:. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 587.
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2198:
2170:
1068:
731:
517:
425:
380:
337:
321:
302:
290:
265:
73:
2488:
271:
Upon his return to the east Galerius elevated Licinius to the rank of
3221:
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1307:
690:
581:
557:
471:
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355:
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256:
3489:
3271:
3163:
3116:
3076:
3058:
2978:
2913:
2893:
2836:
2831:
2816:
2806:
2776:
2684:
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2627:
2602:
2597:
2562:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2294:
2258:
2214:
1568:
1005:
779:
771:
573:
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513:
417:
413:
306:
286:
252:
94:
328:, in 315. Their marriage was the occasion for the jointly-issued "
3423:
3126:
3033:
2946:
2801:
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565:
244:
235:(AD 324), and was later executed on the orders of Constantine I.
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2934:
2706:
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1739:
The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire, Vol. I: AD 260–395
1319:
612:
556:(3 July 324), succeeded in shutting him up within the walls of
541:
529:
351:
282:
248:
138:
1906:
L'Empire Romain en mutation: des Sévères à Constantin, 192–337
617:
2796:
2567:
2557:
2537:
585:
537:
395:
260:
19:
This article is about the Roman emperor. For other uses, see
2542:
2532:
482:
of the East, while his brother-in-law, Constantine, became
1688:
http://laststatues.classics.ox.ac.uk, LSA-687 (J. Auinger)
2162:
Pears, Edwin. “The Campaign against Paganism A.D. 324.”
1814:
The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
2180:
Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft
560:. The defeat of the superior fleet of Licinius in the
2007:
592:
were initially spared, Licinius being imprisoned in
528:(also known as the Battle of Campus Ardiensis) in
332:" that reissued Galerius' previous edict allowing
1656:. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1982.
474:was replaced by a system of two emperors, called
3841:
289:. In 310 he took command of the war against the
2063:. Intervarsity Press, Downers Grove, IL: 2010,
1903:
1736:
1904:Carrié, Jean-Michel; Rousselle, Aline (1999).
707:Chronological scheme of the Tetrarchy, 286–324
496:
340:– who follows the text affixed by Licinius in
2474:
672:
1654:The New Empire of Diocletian and Constantine
636:It is possibile that he converted. However,
42:Colossal portrait head of Licinius from the
2134:. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
2481:
2467:
1741:. Cambridge University Press. p. 509.
1732:
1730:
1728:
1726:
1724:
679:
665:
36:
2079:
2077:
1908:. Paris: Éditions du Seuil. p. 228.
1879:
1820:
1804:
1802:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1794:
1792:
1790:
1788:
1786:
1771:DiMaio, Michael Jr. (23 February 1997).
1766:
1764:
1762:
1760:
1758:
1756:
1754:
1752:
1750:
1748:
1737:Jones, A.H.M.; Martindale, J.R. (1971).
611:
503:Civil wars of the Tetrarchy (306–324 AD)
386:
374:
346:
2166:, Vol. 24, No. 93 (January 1909): 1–17.
1721:
607:
3842:
2124:
2074:
2013:
1808:
1770:
1698:
379:Triumph of Licinius on a cameo in the
2462:
2183:, volume 13, part 1, columns 222–231.
1944:
1826:
1783:
1745:
1705:The Imperial Families of Ancient Rome
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727:
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723:
721:
719:
717:
1862:
1860:
1858:
1856:
1854:
3905:People executed by the Roman Empire
1989:Dictionary Of Wars, Revised Edition
576:, where a last stand was made; the
13:
2083:
401:
364:
14:
3941:
2169:
1851:
360:
1867:
404:
367:
2095:
2048:
2037:
2028:
2019:
1994:
1981:
1955:
1938:
1626:
568:, Constantine's eldest son and
467:, who was also Galerius’ wife.
428:while Daza was still besieging
227:, with whom he co-authored the
1922:
1897:
1692:
1681:
653:
572:, compelled his withdrawal to
398:, c. 310–213. Obverse legend:
238:
219:: Λικίνιος; c. 265 – 325) was
152:Spring of 325 (aged around 60)
1:
3865:4th-century murdered monarchs
2336:G. Ceionius Rufius Volusianus
2324:G. Ceionius Rufius Volusianus
2164:The English Historical Review
1674:
324:(now Milan); they had a son,
16:Roman emperor from 308 to 324
3910:People from ZajeÄŤar District
2365:G. Vettius Cossinius Rufinus
1951:. Dana, Estes & Company.
213:Valerius Licinianus Licinius
192:Valerius Licinianus Licinius
7:
2089:The History of Christianity
2002:L'Empire Romain en Mutation
497:Conflict with Constantine I
10:
3946:
3900:People executed by hanging
3875:4th-century Roman emperors
3754:Constantine XI Palaiologos
3705:Andronikos III Palaiologos
3592:Nikephoros III Botaneiates
2118:
2085:Abbott, John Stevens Cabot
688:Simplified family tree of
500:
18:
3870:4th-century Roman consuls
3830:
3762:
3727:Andronikos IV Palaiologos
3695:Andronikos II Palaiologos
3520:Constantine IX Monomachos
3208:
3105:
2988:
2815:
2653:
2501:
2443:
2426:
2414:
2400:
2383:
2371:
2359:
2342:
2332:
2320:
2303:
2291:
2279:
2263:
2251:
2246:
2236:
2203:
2195:
2190:
2044:British Museum Collection
1773:"Licinius (308–324 A.D.)"
1511:
1509:
1507:
1501:
1499:
1497:
1489:
1487:
1475:
1473:
1465:
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1459:
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1447:
1435:
1433:
1356:
1323:
1303:
1275:
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1265:
1263:
1261:
1251:
1243:
1227:
1225:
1217:
1213:
1207:
1195:
1193:
1181:
1179:
1171:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1159:
1155:
1153:
1151:
1139:
1137:
1125:
1123:
1111:
1109:
1097:
1095:
1059:Flavia Maximiana Theodora
1055:
1038:
1027:
1025:
1014:
990:
988:
986:
984:
982:
980:
976:
974:
972:
962:
958:
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954:
952:
950:
934:
932:
924:
922:
914:
910:
908:
906:
894:
892:
890:
884:
882:
880:
878:
876:
862:
858:
856:
854:
848:
846:
844:
842:
840:
828:
826:
775:
768:
744:
629:of Milan which ended the
200:
191:
186:
182:
170:
160:
148:
130:
126:
90:
79:
69:
58:
51:
35:
30:
21:Licinius (disambiguation)
3690:Michael VIII Palaiologos
2362:Antonius Caecina Sabinus
2131:Constantine and Eusebius
2111:. Accessed 31 July 2012.
2107:20 December 2014 at the
2000:Carrié & Rousselle,
1777:De Imperatoribus Romanis
1699:Craven, Maxwell (2019).
620:, Serbia and now in the
562:Battle of the Hellespont
44:Kunsthistorisches Museum
3890:Executed Roman emperors
3545:Eudokia Makrembolitissa
3179:Tiberius II Constantine
2451:Amnius Anicius Julianus
2150:The Emperor Constantine
2148:Grant, Michael (1993),
1935:. Accessed 31 July 2012
1890:Encyclopædia Britannica
1812:(1776). "Chapter XIV".
1353:Flavia Julia Constantia
314:Flavia Julia Constantia
165:Flavia Julia Constantia
134:Licinius Licinianus (?)
3860:4th-century executions
3700:Michael IX Palaiologos
1945:Duruy, Victor (1886).
759:Afranius Hannibalianus
625:
409:
384:
372:
205:Ancient Roman religion
3880:Constantinian dynasty
3794:Thessalonian emperors
3788:Trapezuntine emperors
3749:John VIII Palaiologos
3744:Manuel II Palaiologos
3715:John VI Kantakouzenos
3631:Andronikos I Komnenos
3468:Constantine Lekapenos
2496:and empresses regnant
1987:Kohn, George Childs,
1052:Constantinian Dynasty
615:
578:Battle of Chrysopolis
390:
378:
350:
233:Battle of Chrysopolis
3732:John VII Palaiologos
3680:Theodore II Laskaris
3540:Constantine X Doukas
3480:Nikephoros II Phokas
2418:Constantine Augustus
2404:Constantine Augustus
2355:Constantine Augustus
2316:Constantine Augustus
2275:Constantine Augustus
1839:on 11 September 2014
638:Eusebius of Caesarea
608:Character and legacy
554:Battle of Adrianople
459:, Diocletian’s wife
326:Licinius the Younger
3663:Theodore I Laskaris
3648:Alexios III Angelos
3626:Alexios II Komnenos
3550:Romanos IV Diogenes
3505:Romanos III Argyros
3451:Romanos I Lekapenos
2447:Petronius Probianus
1652:Barnes, Timothy D.
1543:Constantine II
544:under their leader
540:who were pillaging
434:Battle of Tzirallum
3782:Britannic emperors
3776:Palmyrene emperors
3710:John V Palaiologos
3653:Alexios IV Angelos
3602:Constantine Doukas
3597:Alexios I Komnenos
3585:Constantine Doukas
3568:Michael VII Doukas
3530:Michael VI Bringas
3096:Romulus Augustulus
2719:Trebonianus Gallus
2712:Herennius Etruscus
2494:Byzantine emperors
2422:Constantine Caesar
2375:Ovinius Gallicanus
2339:Petronius Annianus
2327:Petronius Annianus
2247:Political offices
2126:Barnes, Timothy D.
1707:. Fonthill Media.
1344:Julius Constantius
626:
478:: Licinius became
453:Flavius Severianus
410:
385:
373:
358:, c. 311. Legend:
247:peasant family in
62:11 November 308 –
3930:Damnatio memoriae
3925:Illyrian emperors
3837:
3836:
3675:John III Vatatzes
3621:Manuel I Komnenos
3360:Michael I Rangabe
3204:
3203:
3046:Petronius Maximus
2645:Severus Alexander
2613:Septimius Severus
2457:
2456:
2444:Succeeded by
2401:Succeeded by
2360:Succeeded by
2321:Succeeded by
2282:Tatius Andronicus
2280:Succeeded by
2237:Succeeded by
2141:978-0-674-16531-1
2069:978-0-8308-2722-0
2055:Peter J. Leithart
1827:Lendering, Jona.
1669:
1668:
1607:
1606:
1300:Valeria Maximilla
1284:Maximinus II
712:
647:damnatio memoriae
631:Great Persecution
510:Battle of Cibalae
316:, half-sister of
210:
209:
196:
195:
3937:
3685:John IV Laskaris
3658:Alexios V Doukas
3643:Isaac II Angelos
3609:John II Komnenos
3535:Isaac I Komnenos
3495:Constantine VIII
3485:John I Tzimiskes
3212:Byzantine Empire
2986:
2985:
2483:
2476:
2469:
2460:
2459:
2415:Preceded by
2379:Caesonius Bassus
2372:Preceded by
2333:Preceded by
2292:Preceded by
2252:Preceded by
2196:Preceded by
2188:
2187:
2184:
2145:
2112:
2099:
2093:
2092:
2081:
2072:
2052:
2046:
2041:
2035:
2034:Grant, pp. 47–48
2032:
2026:
2023:
2017:
2011:
2005:
1998:
1992:
1985:
1979:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1959:
1953:
1952:
1942:
1936:
1926:
1920:
1919:
1901:
1895:
1894:
1873:
1871:
1870:
1864:
1849:
1848:
1846:
1844:
1835:. Archived from
1824:
1818:
1817:
1806:
1781:
1780:
1768:
1743:
1742:
1734:
1719:
1718:
1696:
1690:
1685:
1640:
1630:
1535:Valerius Romulus
715:
714:
701:
681:
674:
667:
658:
657:
526:Battle of Mardia
455:, Galerius’ son
407:
406:
403:
370:
369:
366:
362:
184:
183:
65:
64:19 September 324
40:
28:
27:
3945:
3944:
3940:
3939:
3938:
3936:
3935:
3934:
3840:
3839:
3838:
3833:
3826:
3770:Gallic emperors
3758:
3446:Constantine VII
3227:Constantine III
3214:
3211:
3200:
3109:
3101:
3040:Valentinian III
3028:Constantius III
3022:Priscus Attalus
3006:Constantine III
2992:
2984:
2874:Valerius Valens
2819:
2811:
2657:
2649:
2608:Didius Julianus
2588:Marcus Aurelius
2505:
2497:
2487:
2453:
2449:
2439:Licinius Caesar
2435:
2433:
2424:
2420:
2410:
2408:Licinius Caesar
2406:
2392:
2390:
2381:
2377:
2367:
2363:
2351:
2349:
2340:
2338:
2328:
2326:
2312:
2310:
2301:
2297:
2287:
2285:Pompeius Probus
2283:
2271:
2269:
2261:
2257:
2242:
2226:
2211:
2210:308–324
2209:
2201:
2142:
2121:
2116:
2115:
2109:Wayback Machine
2100:
2096:
2082:
2075:
2053:
2049:
2042:
2038:
2033:
2029:
2024:
2020:
2012:
2008:
1999:
1995:
1986:
1982:
1972:
1970:
1961:
1960:
1956:
1943:
1939:
1927:
1923:
1916:
1902:
1898:
1883:, ed. (1911). "
1868:
1866:
1865:
1852:
1842:
1840:
1825:
1821:
1816:. Vol. II.
1807:
1784:
1769:
1746:
1735:
1722:
1715:
1697:
1693:
1686:
1682:
1677:
1671:
1644:
1643:
1631:
1627:
1621:
1616:
1600:
1587:
1585:
1574:
1572:
1561:
1559:
1548:
1546:
1396:
1395:Western Emperor
1394:
1381:
1380:Western Emperor
1379:
1366:
1365:Eastern Emperor
1364:
1361:Licinius I
1346:
1333:
1331:
1313:
1312:Western Emperor
1311:
1289:
1288:Eastern Emperor
1287:
1074:
1073:Western Emperor
1072:
1050:
1048:
1047:Western Emperor
1046:
1018:Galeria Valeria
1011:
1010:Eastern Emperor
1009:
998:
789:
788:Western Emperor
787:
783:
765:
761:
741:
740:Western Emperor
739:
735:
695:
685:
656:
610:
596:, Martinian in
522:Valerius Valens
505:
499:
491:Sassanid Empire
399:
359:
241:
153:
137:
135:
118:
115:Valerius Valens
113:
108:
103:Constantine I (
102:
63:
47:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3943:
3933:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3835:
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3831:
3828:
3827:
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3817:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3791:
3785:
3779:
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3759:
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3756:
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3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3606:
3594:
3589:
3565:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3525:Theodora (III)
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3421:
3416:
3404:
3392:
3387:
3375:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3340:Constantine VI
3337:
3332:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3304:Theodosius III
3301:
3296:
3291:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3249:Constantine IV
3246:
3241:
3229:
3224:
3218:
3216:
3206:
3205:
3202:
3201:
3199:
3198:
3193:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3113:
3111:
3107:Eastern Empire
3103:
3102:
3100:
3099:
3092:
3087:
3080:
3073:
3068:
3061:
3056:
3049:
3042:
3037:
3030:
3025:
3018:
3002:
2996:
2994:
2990:Western Empire
2983:
2982:
2975:
2963:Magnus Maximus
2959:
2957:Valentinian II
2954:
2949:
2944:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2910:
2903:
2896:
2891:
2889:Constantius II
2886:
2884:Constantine II
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2823:
2821:
2813:
2812:
2810:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2752:
2747:
2739:
2734:
2716:
2704:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2661:
2659:
2651:
2650:
2648:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2583:Antoninus Pius
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2509:
2507:
2506:27 BC – AD 235
2499:
2498:
2486:
2485:
2478:
2471:
2463:
2455:
2454:
2445:
2442:
2425:
2416:
2412:
2411:
2402:
2399:
2396:Crispus Caesar
2382:
2373:
2369:
2368:
2361:
2358:
2341:
2334:
2330:
2329:
2322:
2319:
2302:
2299:Maximinus Daza
2293:
2289:
2288:
2281:
2278:
2262:
2253:
2249:
2248:
2244:
2243:
2238:
2235:
2202:
2197:
2193:
2192:
2191:Regnal titles
2186:
2185:
2167:
2160:
2146:
2140:
2120:
2117:
2114:
2113:
2094:
2073:
2047:
2036:
2027:
2018:
2006:
1993:
1980:
1954:
1937:
1921:
1914:
1896:
1881:Chisholm, Hugh
1850:
1819:
1810:Gibbon, Edward
1782:
1744:
1720:
1714:978-1781557389
1713:
1691:
1679:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1667:
1666:
1665:
1664:
1642:
1641:
1633:Timothy Barnes
1624:
1623:
1613:
1612:
1609:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1602:
1595:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1578:
1576:
1565:
1563:
1556:Constantius II
1552:
1550:
1539:
1537:
1532:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1514:
1512:
1510:
1508:
1506:
1504:
1502:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1494:
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1490:
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1486:
1484:
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1468:
1466:
1464:
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1428:
1426:
1424:
1422:
1420:
1418:
1416:
1413:
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1410:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1398:
1387:
1385:
1383:
1372:
1370:
1368:
1357:
1355:
1350:
1348:
1341:
1339:
1337:
1335:
1324:
1322:
1317:
1315:
1304:
1302:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1279:
1278:
1276:
1274:
1272:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1254:
1252:
1250:
1248:
1246:
1244:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1232:
1230:
1228:
1226:
1224:
1222:
1220:
1218:
1216:
1214:
1212:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1200:
1198:
1196:
1194:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1186:
1184:
1182:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1162:
1160:
1158:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1150:
1148:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1100:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1076:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1056:
1054:
1039:
1037:
1032:
1030:
1028:
1026:
1024:
1022:
1020:
1015:
1013:
1002:
1000:
994:
993:
991:
989:
987:
985:
983:
981:
979:
977:
975:
973:
971:
969:
966:
965:
963:
961:
959:
957:
955:
953:
951:
949:
947:
945:
943:
941:
939:
937:
935:
933:
931:
929:
927:
925:
923:
921:
919:
917:
915:
913:
911:
909:
907:
905:
903:
901:
898:
897:
895:
893:
891:
889:
887:
885:
883:
881:
879:
877:
875:
873:
870:
869:
867:
865:
863:
861:
859:
857:
855:
853:
851:
849:
847:
845:
843:
841:
839:
837:
835:
833:
831:
829:
827:
825:
823:
821:
819:
817:
815:
813:
811:
809:
806:
805:
803:
801:
799:
797:
795:
792:
791:
776:
774:
769:
767:
756:
754:
752:
750:
745:
743:
728:
726:
724:
722:
720:
718:
697:
696:
686:
684:
683:
676:
669:
661:
655:
652:
622:British Museum
609:
606:
498:
495:
442:Cilician Gates
330:Edict of Milan
295:Maximinus Daza
240:
237:
229:Edict of Milan
208:
207:
202:
198:
197:
194:
193:
189:
188:
180:
179:
174:
168:
167:
162:
158:
157:
150:
146:
145:
132:
128:
127:
124:
123:
110:Maximinus Daza
92:
88:
87:
81:
77:
76:
71:
67:
66:
60:
56:
55:
49:
48:
41:
33:
32:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3942:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3847:
3845:
3829:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3812:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3795:
3792:
3789:
3786:
3783:
3780:
3777:
3774:
3771:
3768:
3767:
3765:
3761:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3739:
3738:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3722:
3721:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3670:
3669:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3638:
3637:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3616:
3615:
3610:
3607:
3604:
3603:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3587:
3586:
3581:
3580:
3575:
3574:
3569:
3566:
3563:
3562:
3557:
3556:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3470:
3469:
3464:
3463:
3458:
3457:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3431:
3430:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3414:
3413:
3408:
3407:Theodora (II)
3405:
3402:
3401:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3385:
3384:
3379:
3376:
3373:
3372:
3367:
3366:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3330:
3329:
3328:
3322:
3321:
3317:
3315:
3314:Constantine V
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3299:Anastasius II
3297:
3295:
3292:
3289:
3288:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3262:
3261:
3256:
3255:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3239:
3238:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3219:
3217:
3213:
3207:
3197:
3194:
3191:
3190:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3154:
3153:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3122:Theodosius II
3120:
3118:
3115:
3114:
3112:
3108:
3104:
3098:
3097:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3085:
3081:
3079:
3078:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3066:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3054:
3050:
3048:
3047:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3035:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3023:
3019:
3016:
3015:
3014:
3008:
3007:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2997:
2995:
2991:
2987:
2981:
2980:
2976:
2973:
2972:
2971:
2965:
2964:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2942:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2930:Valentinian I
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2915:
2911:
2909:
2908:
2904:
2902:
2901:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2859:
2855:
2853:
2852:Constantine I
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2842:Constantius I
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
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2245:
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2240:Constantine I
2234:
2233:
2229:
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2219:Constantine I
2216:
2208:
2207:
2206:Roman emperor
2200:
2194:
2189:
2182:
2181:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2165:
2161:
2159:
2158:0-7538-0528-6
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2110:
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2056:
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2022:
2016:, p. 64.
2015:
2010:
2003:
1997:
1990:
1984:
1968:
1964:
1958:
1950:
1949:
1941:
1934:
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1930:De Mort. Pers
1925:
1917:
1915:2-02-025819-6
1911:
1907:
1900:
1892:
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1886:
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1877:
1876:public domain
1863:
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1680:
1672:
1663:
1662:0-7837-2221-4
1659:
1655:
1651:
1650:
1649:
1648:
1647:Bibliography:
1638:
1634:
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1363:
1362:
1354:
1345:
1332:Roman Emperor
1330:
1329:
1328:Constantine I
1321:
1310:
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1301:
1286:
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1085:
1083:
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1079:
1078:
1071:
1070:
1060:
1053:
1045:
1044:
1043:Constantius I
1036:
1019:
1008:
1007:
995:
992:
978:
970:
968:
967:
960:
948:
946:
912:
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547:
543:
539:
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531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
504:
494:
492:
487:
486:of the West.
485:
481:
477:
473:
468:
466:
463:and daughter
462:
458:
454:
449:
447:
443:
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397:
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389:
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377:
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327:
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318:Constantine I
315:
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225:Constantine I
222:
221:Roman emperor
218:
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206:
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93:
89:
85:
84:Constantine I
82:
78:
75:
72:
68:
61:
57:
54:
53:Roman emperor
50:
45:
39:
34:
29:
26:
22:
3737:Andronikos V
3735:
3718:
3666:
3634:
3612:
3600:
3583:
3577:
3571:
3559:
3553:
3466:
3460:
3454:
3427:
3410:
3398:
3381:
3369:
3363:
3350:Nikephoros I
3325:
3324:
3318:
3285:
3282:Justinian II
3277:Tiberius III
3267:Justinian II
3258:
3252:
3235:
3187:
3159:Anastasius I
3150:
3094:
3090:Julius Nepos
3082:
3075:
3063:
3051:
3044:
3032:
3020:
3011:
3010:
3004:
2977:
2968:
2967:
2961:
2952:Theodosius I
2939:
2912:
2905:
2898:
2869:Maximinus II
2863:
2856:
2758:
2741:
2728:
2722:
2710:
2698:
2631:
2593:Lucius Verus
2436:
2429:Roman consul
2427:
2393:
2386:Roman consul
2384:
2352:
2345:Roman consul
2343:
2313:
2306:Roman consul
2304:
2272:
2266:Roman consul
2264:
2213:
2204:
2178:
2175:Licinius 31a
2163:
2149:
2130:
2097:
2088:
2058:
2050:
2039:
2030:
2021:
2009:
2001:
1996:
1988:
1983:
1971:. Retrieved
1966:
1957:
1947:
1940:
1929:
1928:Lactantius,
1924:
1905:
1899:
1888:
1841:. Retrieved
1837:the original
1832:
1822:
1813:
1776:
1738:
1704:
1694:
1683:
1670:
1653:
1646:
1645:
1636:
1628:
1618:
1617:
1580:
1567:
1554:
1541:
1389:
1374:
1360:
1359:
1326:
1306:
1282:
1067:
1041:
1004:
784:
778:
762:
736:
730:
705:
703:
700:
689:
687:
645:
642:
635:
627:
602:Thessalonica
594:Thessalonica
550:
534:
506:
488:
483:
479:
475:
469:
450:
420:and went to
411:
334:Christianity
311:
298:
272:
270:
242:
212:
211:
155:Thessalonica
143:Roman Empire
25:
3850:260s births
3796:(1224–1242)
3790:(1204–1461)
3579:Konstantios
3456:Christopher
3429:Constantine
3419:Michael III
3400:Constantine
3383:Constantine
3365:Theophylact
3294:Philippicus
3244:Constans II
3169:Justinian I
3065:Severus III
3013:Constans II
2767:Claudius II
2743:Silbannacus
2690:Gordian III
2665:Maximinus I
2633:Diadumenian
2232:Martinianus
2171:Seeck, Otto
2025:Grant p. 46
2014:Barnes 1981
1969:(in French)
1598:Licinius II
654:Family tree
457:Candidianus
239:Early reign
177:Licinius II
120:Martinianus
70:Predecessor
3855:325 deaths
3844:Categories
3573:Andronikos
3561:Nikephoros
3510:Michael IV
3475:Romanos II
3395:Theophilos
3390:Michael II
3371:Staurakios
3355:Staurakios
3327:Nikephoros
3320:Artabasdos
3232:Heraclonas
3189:Theodosius
3147:Basiliscus
2907:Nepotianus
2900:Magnentius
2894:Constans I
2847:Severus II
2827:Diocletian
2772:Quintillus
2737:Aemilianus
2730:Volusianus
2675:Gordian II
2640:Elagabalus
2503:Principate
2255:Diocletian
2199:Severus II
2152:, London.
1833:Livius.org
1829:"Licinius"
1701:"Licinius"
1675:References
1637:New Empire
1569:Constans I
1347:consul 335
1069:Severus II
766:consul 292
763:(disputed)
732:DIOCLETIAN
704:See also:
598:Cappadocia
518:consulship
501:See also:
426:Adrianople
400:licini-us
394:minted at
381:BnF Museum
354:minted at
338:Lactantius
322:Mediolanum
303:Hellespont
291:Sarmatians
266:Severus II
243:Born to a
141:Superior,
107:, 308–324)
101:, 308–311)
74:Severus II
3915:Tetrarchy
3815:Classical
3800:Empresses
3784:(286–296)
3778:(267–273)
3772:(260–274)
3515:Michael V
3441:Alexander
3254:Heraclius
3222:Heraclius
3174:Justin II
3084:Glycerius
3071:Anthemius
2941:Procopius
2879:Martinian
2858:Maxentius
2787:Florianus
2760:Saloninus
2755:Gallienus
2724:Hostilian
2700:Philip II
2670:Gordian I
2618:Caracalla
2553:Vespasian
2548:Vitellius
2223:Maximinus
2173:(1926), "
1991:, p. 398.
1582:Julian II
1376:Martinian
1308:Maxentius
785:Herculius
691:Tetrarchs
624:in London
590:Martinian
582:Chalcedon
558:Byzantium
472:Tetrarchy
438:Nicomedia
422:Byzantium
363:licinius
356:Londinium
342:Nicomedia
279:Illyricum
257:Maxentius
117:(316–317)
112:(311–313)
91:Alongside
80:Successor
3810:Usurpers
3805:Augustae
3763:See also
3668:Nicholas
3490:Basil II
3287:Tiberius
3272:Leontius
3260:Tiberius
3237:Tiberius
3215:610–1453
3210:Eastern/
3164:Justin I
3117:Arcadius
3077:Olybrius
3059:Majorian
3000:Honorius
2979:Eugenius
2914:Vetranio
2864:Licinius
2837:Galerius
2832:Maximian
2817:Dominate
2807:Numerian
2777:Aurelian
2750:Valerian
2695:Philip I
2685:Balbinus
2680:Pupienus
2628:Macrinus
2603:Pertinax
2598:Commodus
2563:Domitian
2528:Claudius
2523:Caligula
2518:Tiberius
2513:Augustus
2295:Galerius
2259:Galerius
2215:Galerius
2128:(1981).
2105:Archived
2071:, p. 101
2004:, p. 229
1885:Licinius
1843:26 March
1391:Valens I
1006:Galerius
780:Maximian
772:Eutropia
574:Bithynia
546:Rausimod
514:Pannonia
484:Augustus
480:Augustus
430:Heraclea
418:Bosporus
414:Bithynia
307:Bosporus
305:and the
299:Augustus
287:Pannonia
274:Augustus
253:Galerius
201:Religion
95:Galerius
46:, Vienna
31:Licinius
3920:Valerii
3895:Licinii
3885:Dacians
3820:Eastern
3720:Matthew
3614:Alexios
3462:Stephen
3424:Basil I
3309:Leo III
3184:Maurice
3127:Marcian
3110:395–610
3034:Joannes
2993:395–480
2947:Gratian
2820:284–610
2802:Carinus
2782:Tacitus
2658:235–285
2578:Hadrian
2311:312–313
2119:Sources
1973:30 June
1878::
1588:361–363
1586:Emperor
1575:337–350
1573:Emperor
1562:337–361
1560:Emperor
1549:337–340
1547:Emperor
1397:316–317
1367:308–324
1334:306–337
1314:306–312
1290:310–313
1075:306–307
1049:305–306
1012:305-311
997:Unknown
790:286–305
742:286–305
580:, near
566:Crispus
476:Augusti
465:Valeria
392:Solidus
86:(alone)
3582:&
3558:&
3465:&
3436:Leo VI
3412:Thekla
3368:&
3335:Leo IV
3257:&
3196:Phocas
3152:Marcus
3137:Leo II
3053:Avitus
2970:Victor
2935:Valens
2925:Jovian
2920:Julian
2792:Probus
2727:&
2707:Decius
2655:Crisis
2573:Trajan
2228:Valens
2212:With:
2156:
2138:
2067:
1912:
1872:
1711:
1660:
1619:Notes:
1601:caesar
1320:Fausta
1035:Helena
999:sister
748:Prisca
737:Iovius
570:Caesar
542:Thrace
530:Thrace
461:Prisca
446:Tarsus
352:Follis
283:Thrace
249:Moesia
245:Dacian
161:Spouse
139:Moesia
136:c. 265
3378:Leo V
3345:Irene
3132:Leo I
2797:Carus
2568:Nerva
2558:Titus
2538:Galba
2490:Roman
2437:with
2394:with
2353:with
2314:with
2273:with
586:Alica
538:Goths
396:Trier
320:, at
261:Italy
217:Greek
187:Names
172:Issue
122:(324)
59:Reign
3734:(w.
3717:(w.
3665:(w.
3636:John
3633:(w.
3611:(w.
3599:(w.
3570:(w.
3552:(w.
3453:(w.
3426:(w.
3409:(w.
3397:(w.
3380:(w.
3362:(w.
3323:(w.
3284:(w.
3251:(w.
3234:(w.
3186:(w.
3149:(w.
3142:Zeno
3009:(w.
2966:(w.
2757:(w.
2721:(w.
2709:(w.
2697:(w.
2630:(w.
2623:Geta
2543:Otho
2533:Nero
2492:and
2347:III
2230:and
2154:ISBN
2136:ISBN
2065:ISBN
1975:2024
1910:ISBN
1845:2020
1709:ISBN
1658:ISBN
402:p f
365:p f
285:and
149:Died
131:Born
105:West
99:East
3555:Leo
3500:Zoe
2746:(?)
2434:321
2391:318
2388:IV
2350:315
2308:II
2270:309
2177:",
1887:".
1382:324
618:Niš
564:by
512:in
405:aug
368:aug
361:imp
259:in
3846::
3576:,
3459:,
2431:V
2221:,
2217:,
2087:.
2076:^
2057:,
1965:.
1853:^
1831:.
1785:^
1775:.
1747:^
1723:^
1703:.
650:.
493:.
281:,
268:.
3740:)
3723:)
3671:)
3639:)
3617:)
3605:)
3588:)
3564:)
3471:)
3432:)
3415:)
3403:)
3386:)
3374:)
3331:)
3290:)
3263:)
3240:)
3192:)
3155:)
3017:)
2974:)
2763:)
2733:)
2715:)
2703:)
2636:)
2482:e
2475:t
2468:v
2225:,
2144:.
2091:.
1977:.
1918:.
1847:.
1779:.
1717:.
1635:(
711:)
702:(
680:e
673:t
666:v
408:.
383:.
371:.
215:(
97:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
