2023:
2858:
2546:
1326:
1648:
3135:
1257:
1157:
3024:
2320:
2835:
2343:
3047:
1915:
1892:
693:
3365:
54:
805:
2523:
1671:
2208:
1562:
3154:
68:
925:
391:
1280:
2569:
3217:
414:
1539:
2185:
1799:
1776:
1067:
3411:
1822:
580:
1694:
1044:
437:
670:
3070:
948:
3235:
2231:
2812:
557:
2675:
2254:
3001:
1516:
2592:
851:
2721:
4487:
2698:
22:
1303:
3430:
2080:
3266:
2046:
739:
4229:
1360:
1937:
3342:
2365:
1090:
2912:
3392:
828:
82:
716:
4493:
2896:. They are large white butterflies with black bars in the cells of the forewings, and the hindwings each bearing a long sword-like tail. They are butterflies of hilly forests from the Himalayas to the Northeast, except for the fivebar swordtail which also flies in the Western Ghats and the spot swordtail which is also found in peninsular India and the Indo-Gangetic plains.
491:
till several authorities elevated them to genus level in their publications (e.g. LepIndex; GLoBIS; Racheli & Cotton (2010)). These butterflies sequester toxins from plants and are inedible or poisonous to predators. They also have warning colouration, a phenomenon also known as
3284:
The Kaiser-i-Hind is a rare species of swallowtail butterfly found from Nepal and north India eastwards to north
Vietnam. The common name literally means "Emperor of India", and it is much sought after by butterfly collectors for its beauty and rarity.
3310:
Large sombre-coloured swallowtails with triangular forewings with concave outer margins, sinuously margined hindwing and long outwardly-curved spatulate tail. Found in low elevation forests along the central and eastern
Himalayas and the Northeast.
3468:
contains large butterflies that are black with thin white stripes above, have red and yellow tornal patches on the hindwing, and a number of tails, which are found in the region of Bhutan, Northeast India, Myanmar, Thailand and South China.
1724:
Large, tailless, black butterflies with blue and white markings, which occur along the low elevation forests of the
Himalayas, the Western Ghats and some peninsular Indian forests. Despite the name, only the great Mormon is polymorphic.
2098:
Large strong-flying black butterflies with distinctive colourful markings, most species of which occur along the low elevation forests of the
Himalayas while a few species occur in the Western Ghats and some peninsular Indian forests.
4177:
334:
butterflies are called are large, yellow-and-black coloured butterflies, two species of which are found in the forests of the
Himalayas and one species in the Western Ghats. These are the largest butterflies found in India.
1592:
Large, tailed, black butterflies with prominent yellow patch on upper hindwing markings, which occur along the low elevation forests of the
Himalayas, the Western Ghats and some peninsular Indian forests.
4575:
1179:, which they fly alongside, both in appearance and methods of flight. Except for the Common Mime which is also found in peninsular India, they are confined to the lower Himalayas and Northeast India.
4535:
2545:
2022:
4600:
2857:
4705:
4595:
4193:
Xu ZB, Wang YY, Condamine FL, Cotton AM, Hu SJ. Are the Yellow and Red Marked Club-Tail
Losaria coon the Same Species?. Insects. 2020;11(6):392. Published 2020 Jun 24. doi:10.3390/insects11060392
4640:
4610:
112:. This family of large and beautiful butterflies is well represented with 89 species found within Indian borders. Two of the three papilionid subfamilies are represented in India, namely, the
4605:
4520:
609:
Black-coloured red-bodied swallowtails with elongated wings, prominent white and red spots, and tails that are found in low elevation forests along the
Himalayas and the Northeast of India.
4710:
4635:
4585:
4550:
4175:
3023:
4660:
4645:
4545:
3515:
are high altitude palearctic butterflies that are different in appearance from other swallowtails, being of moderate size, with white ground colour, and spotted with red, black and blue.
4540:
1647:
3448:
The
Parnassiinae include about 50 medium-sized, white or yellow high-altitude butterflies that are distributed across Asia, Europe and North America, of which 19 species fly in India.
2319:
4620:
4590:
3134:
1852:
Large tailless swallowtails which are black above with no white marking and which do not have basal red markings below. Found in
Himayas and Northeast India in low elevation jungles.
1325:
3898:. Wynter-Blyth (1957) gives a modified version of the same table on p. 12, where the overall number of species is 94; with differences being in total number of species for Northeast
1256:
3046:
2342:
2834:
3364:
1914:
692:
2522:
1891:
4389:
3720:
804:
1670:
2659:
3153:
4240:
2207:
1561:
3680:
4728:
896:
390:
1538:
1279:
3491:
3182:
or dragontails, are small swallowtail butterflies with large tails found in the tropical and subtropical forests of Northeast India, and further East.
924:
4106:
Beccaloni, G. W.; Scoble, Malcolm; Kitching, Ian; Simonsen, Thomas; Robinson, Gaden; Pitkin, Brian; Hine, Adrian; Lyal, Chris, eds. (January 2018).
3216:
1156:
4085:
Fernando, E.; Jangid, A.K.; Kehimkar, I.; Lo, P.; Moonen, J. (2019). Byasa crassipes (Report). The IUCN Red List ofThreatened Species 2019. IUCN.
4733:
4276:
413:
2568:
4461:
4382:
1987:
Tailless black or blackish-brown butterflies with white markings, the females or both sexes of which mimic inedible milkweed butterflies.
1798:
298:
are generally easily identified in the field by their large size, prominent markings, colour, patterns and variable wing and tail shape.
53:
4476:
4448:
4438:
2184:
880:
Red-bodied swallowtails with club-shaped tails that are found in low elevation forests along the Himalayas and the Northeast of India.
579:
1066:
1043:
4430:
4425:
3069:
4471:
4466:
4129:
Häuser, Christoph L.; de Jong, Rienk; Lamas, Gerardo; Robbins, Robert K.; Smith, Campbell; Vane-Wright, Richard I. (28 July 2005).
2230:
1775:
1693:
1228:
988:
Red-bodied swallowtails commonly found all over India (except for the endemic Malabar rose), which serve as aposematic models for
4580:
4456:
4443:
4420:
4375:
1821:
669:
436:
3862:
Evans (1932) states, in a table on pg 23, the number of papilionids in the Indian subcontinent as 90; 15 species being found in
3234:
522:
Red-bodied swallowtails with black wings hat are found in low elevation forests along the Himalayas and the Northeast of India.
4756:
4655:
850:
556:
4700:
4630:
4625:
4560:
4284:
4259:
4130:
4037:
947:
4690:
4665:
4570:
4565:
4530:
4525:
3000:
2253:
4680:
4675:
4515:
4510:
3906:(66). The present list is based on the IUCN red data book, with corrections made by subsequent editors especially in the
67:
2811:
2674:
1515:
4695:
4650:
4615:
4358:
4330:
4170:
White, A. (1842): Notice of two New Species of Papilio from Penang, presented to the British Museum by Sir Wm. Norris.
3964:
3576:
3552:
3124:
2977:
2591:
1302:
794:
781:
738:
4723:
4685:
4670:
4555:
2720:
2697:
2045:
2990:
2651:
2512:
2465:
2417:
2159:
1738:
1606:
1502:
1443:
1400:
1245:
1020:
350:
4350:
4302:
4029:
2775:
2143:
620:
533:
4158:
Guide to the Butterflies of the Palearctic Region: Papilionidae part II,Subfamily Papilioninae, Tribe Troidini
4766:
3626:
4407:
3843:
3341:
1089:
4486:
1125:
Black-bodied swallowtails, often distinctively marked, some widely distributed, which are edible and form
4340:
4091:
715:
3540:
3410:
2758:
are tailless swallowtails found in the Himalayas and Northeast that mimic the aposematic bluish-white
3988:
3572:
3206:
2293:
1003:
891:
827:
3525:
3708:
3479:
2491:
1873:
1761:
1629:
1215:
1203:
1055:
998:
376:
4270:
3704:
3672:
3642:
3564:
3560:
3331:
2621:
1617:
4502:
3979:
Clarke, C. A.; Sheppard, P. M. & Thornton, I. W. B. "The Genetics of the Mimetic Butterfly
3928:
3602:
3475:
3401:
3295:
3291:
3275:
1138:
1134:
914:
546:
231:
659:
202:, while the tropical evergreen forests have their own representatives, such as the red Helen (
4761:
3789:
3692:
3420:
901:
568:
528:
4107:
4105:
3871:
3081:
2972:
2788:
1101:
1028:
269:
4008:, London. (Series B, Biological Sciences) Vol. 263, No. 855 (16 March 1972), pp. 431–458.
8:
4294:
3959:. India, A Lifescape. Hyderabad, India: Universities Press. pp. 55–58, chapter 5.1.
3759:
3638:
3119:
3035:
2946:
2629:
1810:
1745:
591:
541:
182:
128:
59:
33:
3548:
3487:
3439:
3353:
3317:
3242:
3201:
2760:
2732:
2642:
2603:
2557:
2503:
2473:
2057:
2004:
263:
216:
210:
188:
3618:
4492:
4354:
4326:
4280:
4255:
4061:
4033:
3960:
3684:
3614:
3535:
3224:
3188:
3058:
2959:
2846:
2823:
2783:
2770:
2534:
2456:
2242:
2139:
1705:
1625:
1314:
1078:
1011:
124:
45:
2433:
4086:
3823:
3793:
3751:
3668:
3630:
3606:
3376:
3326:
3111:
2938:
2869:
2801:
2796:
2686:
2664:
2616:
2478:
2305:
2196:
2119:
2115:
2008:
1996:
1967:
1926:
1903:
1869:
1857:
1682:
1613:
1550:
1527:
1466:
1435:
1268:
1223:
1199:
1191:
1126:
959:
909:
704:
681:
646:
628:
615:
497:
257:
194:
160:
132:
21:
4134:
4367:
4344:
4320:
4234:
4181:
4023:
3954:
3934:(Report). IUCN Occasional Paper. IUCN, Morges, Switzerland. pp. 20–24, 28–30
3895:
3891:
3883:
3819:
3747:
3106:
3012:
2985:
2933:
2709:
2265:
2166:
1659:
1598:
1573:
1494:
1389:
1369:
1291:
1211:
1187:
1166:
862:
839:
789:
776:
204:
176:
39:
3429:
3265:
3924:
3914:. Varshney & Smetacek (2015), which this article follows, lists 89 species.
3809:
3763:
3737:
3696:
3658:
3592:
2921:
2634:
2580:
2486:
2409:
2374:
2354:
2301:
2219:
2170:
2127:
2034:
1992:
1963:
1942:
1787:
1730:
1470:
1337:
1236:
1033:
816:
768:
763:
633:
448:
402:
371:
341:
275:
226:
154:
87:
73:
3910:. Kunte (2000) on p. 55 mentions a total of 107 species with 19 in peninsular
4750:
3712:
2951:
2647:
2508:
2495:
2461:
2413:
2331:
2289:
2155:
2151:
2131:
2089:
1877:
1861:
1749:
1734:
1633:
1602:
1498:
1439:
1396:
1241:
1016:
727:
641:
425:
380:
363:
358:
346:
251:
246:
135:, resulting in increased diversity of papilionid butterflies, especially the
103:
2079:
4000:
Clarke, C. A. & Sheppard, P. M. "The Genetics of the Mimetic Butterfly
3987:, London. (B – Biological Sciences) 22 August 1968 vol. 254 no. 791 37–89.
3907:
3838:
2964:
1833:
1757:
936:
886:
198:) is a creature of arid scrub-land, occasionally being spotted even in the
192:) are normally found flying high in the forest canopy. The lime butterfly (
117:
113:
98:
26:
4228:
3867:
1936:
1359:
750:
654:
493:
199:
137:
4066:. Butterfly Research Centre, Bhimtal & Indinov Publishing, New Delhi
2364:
127:, except for the Himalayas above and beyond the foothills adjoining the
4272:
Threatened Swallowtail Butterflies of the World: The IUCN Red Data Book
4110:(World Wide Web electronic publication). Natural History Museum, London
4009:
3779:
166:
3899:
3879:
500:
complexes as aposematic models which are mimicked by edible species.
171:
149:
4252:
Swallowtail Butterflies, Biology and Ecology of a few Indian Species
2911:
170:
species), are to be found only in the highest alpine meadows of the
3391:
1176:
1130:
242:
4131:"Papilionidae – revised GloBIS/GART species checklist (2nd draft)"
3903:
3887:
3875:
235:
81:
4314:. Gangtok, Sikkim, India: Sikkim Nature Conservation Foundation.
2383:
4108:"LepIndex : The Global Lepidoptera Names Index (LepIndex)"
3863:
3193:
1410:
3929:
A classification of the biogeographical provinces of the world
3302:
1175:
Medium-sized tailless swallowtail butterflies which mimic the
186:) fly at ground level whereas others, such as the tailed jay (
16:
List of swallowtail family butterflies that are found in India
4399:
3911:
2441:
145:
108:
4325:. India, A Lifescape. Hyderabad, India: Universities Press.
4312:
The Butterflies of Sikkim Himalaya and Their Natural History
487:. They were formerly considered to be subgenera under genus
3456:
1347:
4128:
3257:
4084:
2437:
Scopoli, 1777 – bluebottles, jays, swordtails and zebras
1117:
3503:
3171:
4241:
The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma
4149:
141:
or snow Apollos, all species of which are Palearctic.
2742:
503:
4092:
10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T121971897A122602141.en
4078:
4397:
2899:
2067:
872:
3946:
3091:
220:). Indian papilionids such as the common Mormon (
4748:
4063:A Synoptic Catalogue of the Butterflies of India
4059:
601:
307:
284:A Synoptic Catalogue of the Butterflies of India
4187:
4006:Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society
3985:Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society
3923:
969:
496:. The red-bodied swallowtails are involved in
249:. Notable endemics are the southern birdwing (
4383:
4269:Collins, N. Mark; Morris, Michael G. (1985).
4268:
4249:
4155:
286:by R. K. Varshney and Peter Smetacek (2015).
4339:
1144:
144:Indian swallowtails are spread over all the
91:), an endemic species of the coastal forests
4196:
4122:
106:), or the swallowtails, which are found in
4390:
4376:
4289:– via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
3917:
174:. Some species such as the common Mormon (
4090:
3386:
289:
4299:The Identification of Indian Butterflies
4227:
4203:Gabriel, A.G. (1942). "A new species of
4060:Varshney, R.K.; Smetacek, Peter (2015).
4021:
3856:
3428:
3409:
3390:
3264:
2910:
2363:
2078:
1935:
1358:
1155:
80:
66:
52:
20:
4309:
4202:
4099:
4749:
164:) fly at sea level while the Apollos (
158:) and the Malabar banded swallowtail (
152:of India. The Malabar banded peacock (
4371:
4318:
4293:
3952:
3251:
2427:
116:or Apollos, with 19 species, and the
4015:
3498:
3451:
1111:
3849:
13:
4254:. Kolkata, India: Desh Prakashan.
4223:
4156:Racheli, T.; Cotton, A.M. (2010).
2888:, are now divided into two genera
273:) and the Malabar banded peacock (
120:or swallowtails, with 70 species.
97:list of the butterflies of family
14:
4778:
4250:Chattopadhyay, Jagannath (2007).
3306:Moore, 1888 – hooked swallowtails
301:
4491:
4485:
4346:Butterflies of the Indian Region
3363:
3340:
3233:
3215:
3152:
3133:
3068:
3045:
3022:
2999:
2856:
2833:
2810:
2719:
2696:
2673:
2590:
2567:
2544:
2521:
2341:
2318:
2252:
2229:
2206:
2183:
2044:
2021:
1913:
1890:
1820:
1797:
1774:
1692:
1669:
1646:
1560:
1537:
1514:
1324:
1301:
1278:
1255:
1088:
1065:
1042:
946:
923:
849:
826:
803:
737:
714:
691:
668:
578:
555:
435:
412:
389:
49:). (left to right anticlockwise)
4322:Butterflies of Peninsular India
4301:(2nd ed.). Mumbai, India:
4164:
3956:Butterflies of Peninsular India
255:), Malabar banded swallowtail (
123:The area of India falls in the
4351:Bombay Natural History Society
4303:Bombay Natural History Society
4053:
4030:Bombay Natural History Society
4025:The Book of Indian Butterflies
3994:
3973:
1141:, mostly in the female forms.
1:
4757:Lists of butterflies of India
3460:Atkinson, 1873 – Bhutan glory
1121:Linnaeus, 1758 – swallowtails
992:in Batesian mimicry complex.
4341:Wynter-Blyth, Mark Alexander
4012:. Retrieved 20 January 2010.
3991:. Retrieved 20 January 2010.
3844:List of butterflies of India
2884:These butterflies, formerly
2407:Chinese yellow swallowtail,
1464:Malabar banded swallowtail,
7:
4319:Kunte, Krushnamegh (2000).
3953:Kunte, Krushnamegh (2000).
3832:
1418:) – Mormons, Helens, ravens
479:are commonly called as the
71:A pair of common peacocks (
10:
4783:
3261:Hope, 1843 – Kaiser-e-Hind
2369:Chinese yellow swallowtail
1545:Malabar banded swallowtail
208:), the common bluebottle (
25:Three Indian swallowtails
4719:
4501:
4483:
4406:
4398:Butterflies and moths of
4275:. Gland & Cambridge:
3718:Himalayan banded Apollo,
3666:Karakoram banded Apollo,
3573:Parnassius tianschianicus
3507:Latreille, 1804 – Apollos
1390:Common yellow swallowtail
1364:Common yellow swallowtail
884:Common clubtail, earlier
652:De Nicéville's windmill,
214:) and the Malabar raven (
43:) and common bluebottle (
4022:Kehimkar, Isaac (2009).
3175:Gray, 1832 – dragontails
2449:) – bluebottles and jays
2391:) – Chinese swallowtails
2299:Malabar banded peacock,
2137:Yellow-crested spangle,
1056:Pachliopta aristolochiae
999:Pachliopta aristolochiae
131:, and which fall in the
85:Malabar banded peacock (
57:The five-bar swordtail (
4724:WikiProject Lepidoptera
4310:Haribal, Meena (1992).
4238:) from C. T. Bingham's
3705:Parnassius stoliczkanus
3690:Greater banded Apollo,
3561:Parnassius jacquemontii
3485:Ludlow's Bhutan glory,
2764:milkweed butterflies.
2287:Common banded peacock,
1355:) – yellow swallowtails
1135:red-bodied swallowtails
876:Moore, 1902 – clubtails
745:De Nicéville's windmill
605:Moore, 1882 – windmills
481:red-bodied swallowtails
459:Red-bodied swallowtails
180:) and the blue Mormon (
4245:
4232:Woodcut of red Helen (
4207:(Lep. Papilionidae)".
4160:. Milano: Omnes Artes.
3721:Parnassius kumaonensis
3702:Lesser banded Apollo,
3603:Parnassius charltonius
3476:Bhutanitis lidderdalii
3445:
3426:
3407:
3402:Bhutanitis lidderdalii
3387:Subfamily Parnassiinae
3292:Teinopalpus imperialis
3281:
3276:Teinopalpus imperialis
2927:
2380:
2349:Malabar banded peacock
2237:Yellow-crested spangle
2095:
1947:
1375:
1172:
290:Subfamily Papilioninae
282:This list is based on
241:Amongst swallowtails,
92:
78:
64:
50:
4477:Nymphalidae (balance)
4449:Hesperiidae (balance)
4244:volume on butterflies
4231:
3790:Parnassius hardwickii
3693:Parnassius stenosemus
3678:Scarce banded Apollo
3570:Large keeled Apollo,
3432:
3421:Parnassius hardwickii
3413:
3394:
3268:
3117:Spectacle swordtail,
2914:
2660:Graphium albociliates
2367:
2326:Common banded peacock
2082:
1939:
1362:
1159:
569:Atrophaneura aidoneus
529:Atrophaneura aidoneus
311:Huebner, – birdwings
245:is found only in the
84:
70:
56:
24:
4767:Lepidoptera of India
4180:3 March 2016 at the
3878:, 31 in the western
3817:Black-edged Apollo,
3787:Common blue Apollo,
3082:Graphium epaminondas
2973:Graphium epaminondas
1177:milkweed butterflies
1102:Pachliopta pandiyana
1029:Pachliopta pandiyana
857:Pemberton's windmill
639:Neville's windmill,
507:Reakirt, – batwings
270:Pachliopta pandiyana
224:) and great Mormon (
129:Indo-Gangetic Plains
4137:on 9 September 2010
4032:. p. 38; 497.
3760:Parnassius maharaja
3681:Parnassius mamaeivi
3639:Parnassius acdestis
3627:Parnassius augustus
3546:Common red Apollo,
3533:Scarce red Apollo,
3511:The Apollos, genus
3321:(Fruhstorfer, 1902)
3164:Graphium mandarinus
3160:Spectacle swordtail
3120:Graphium mandarinus
3036:Graphium antiphates
2970:Andaman swordtail,
2947:Graphium antiphates
2944:Fivebar swordtail,
2931:Fourbar swordtail,
2630:Graphium chironides
2471:Glassy bluebottle,
2454:Common bluebottle,
1940:Tailed redbreast, (
1811:Papilio polymnestor
1746:Papilio polymnestor
1209:Blue striped mime,
1137:. Some species are
592:Atrophaneura varuna
542:Atrophaneura varuna
356:Southern birdwing,
183:Papilio polymnestor
60:Graphium antiphates
34:Papilio polymnestor
4729:Indian butterflies
4246:
3745:Varnished Apollo,
3549:Parnassius epaphus
3488:Bhutanitis ludlowi
3446:
3440:Parnassius epaphus
3427:
3415:Common blue Apollo
3408:
3354:Meandrusa lachinus
3318:Meandrusa lachinus
3282:
3252:Tribe Teinopalpini
3243:Lamproptera curius
3240:White dragontail (
3222:Green dragontail (
3202:Lamproptera curius
3199:White dragontail,
3186:Green dragontail,
3104:Sixbar swordtail,
2928:
2733:Graphium eurypylus
2643:Graphium eurypylus
2604:Graphium agamemnon
2558:Graphium cloanthus
2504:Graphium agamemnon
2474:Graphium cloanthus
2428:Tribe Leptocircini
2381:
2096:
2058:Papilio dravidarum
2005:Papilio dravidarum
1961:Tailed redbreast,
1948:
1376:
1173:
907:Andaman clubtail,
897:Losaria doubledayi
787:Chinese windmill,
722:Neville's windmill
264:Papilio dravidarum
261:), Malabar raven (
217:Papilio dravidarum
211:Graphium cloanthus
189:Graphium agamemnon
93:
79:
65:
51:
37:), common Mormon (
4744:
4743:
4349:. Bombay, India:
4286:978-2-88032-603-6
4261:978-81-905719-1-3
4039:978-0-19-569620-2
3886:, 50 in southern
3615:Parnassius loxias
3536:Parnassius actius
3499:Tribe Parnassiini
3452:Tribe Zerynthiini
3434:Common red Apollo
3225:Lamproptera meges
3189:Lamproptera meges
3076:Andaman swordtail
3059:Graphium aristeus
3030:Fivebar swordtail
3007:Fourbar swordtail
2960:Graphium aristeus
2957:Chain swordtail,
2847:Graphium macareus
2824:Graphium xenocles
2784:Graphium macareus
2771:Graphium xenocles
2552:Glassy bluebottle
2535:Graphium sarpedon
2529:Common bluebottle
2457:Graphium sarpedon
2243:Papilio elephenor
2164:Krishna peacock,
2140:Papilio elephenor
1706:Papilio prexaspes
1626:Papilio prexaspes
1315:Papilio paradoxus
1286:Blue striped mime
1221:Great blue mime,
1112:Tribe Papilionini
1079:Pachliopta hector
1012:Pachliopta hector
973:Reakirt, – roses
613:Common windmill,
420:Southern birdwing
369:Golden birdwing,
339:Common birdwing,
315:– birdwings": -->
267:), Malabar rose (
125:Indomalayan realm
46:Graphium sarpedon
4774:
4576:Glyphipterigidae
4495:
4489:
4392:
4385:
4378:
4369:
4368:
4364:
4336:
4315:
4306:
4290:
4265:
4217:
4216:
4209:The Entomologist
4200:
4194:
4191:
4185:
4174:1 (17), pp. 280.
4172:The Entomologist
4168:
4162:
4161:
4153:
4147:
4146:
4144:
4142:
4133:. Archived from
4126:
4120:
4119:
4117:
4115:
4103:
4097:
4096:
4094:
4082:
4076:
4075:
4073:
4071:
4057:
4051:
4050:
4048:
4046:
4019:
4013:
3998:
3992:
3977:
3971:
3970:
3950:
3944:
3943:
3941:
3939:
3933:
3921:
3915:
3860:
3850:Cited references
3669:Parnassius hunza
3612:Stately Apollo,
3377:Meandrusa payeni
3367:
3344:
3327:Meandrusa payeni
3237:
3219:
3156:
3141:Sixbar swordtail
3137:
3072:
3049:
3026:
3003:
2983:Spot swordtail,
2870:Graphium megarus
2860:
2837:
2814:
2797:Graphium megarus
2723:
2700:
2687:Graphium arycles
2677:
2617:Graphium arycles
2594:
2571:
2548:
2525:
2345:
2322:
2256:
2233:
2210:
2197:Papilio arcturus
2187:
2125:Common peacock,
2116:Papilio arcturus
2048:
2025:
1927:Papilio alcmenor
1917:
1904:Papilio protenor
1894:
1870:Papilio alcmenor
1858:Papilio protenor
1824:
1801:
1778:
1755:Andaman Mormon,
1696:
1683:Papilio nephelus
1673:
1650:
1614:Papilio nephelus
1564:
1551:Papilio liomedon
1541:
1528:Papilio demoleus
1518:
1467:Papilio liomedon
1436:Papilio demoleus
1433:Lime butterfly,
1328:
1305:
1282:
1269:Papilio epycides
1259:
1224:Papilio paradoxa
1200:Papilio epycides
1127:Batesian mimicry
1092:
1069:
1046:
985:
984:
980:
960:Losaria rhodifer
954:Andaman clubtail
950:
927:
910:Losaria rhodifer
853:
830:
807:
774:Black windmill,
761:Great windmill,
741:
718:
705:Byasa latreillei
695:
682:Byasa polyeuctes
672:
629:Byasa latreillei
616:Byasa polyeuctes
582:
559:
539:Common batwing,
526:Lesser batwing,
519:
518:
514:
511:– batwings": -->
498:Batesian mimicry
439:
416:
393:
323:
322:
318:
258:Papilio liomedon
195:Papilio demoleus
161:Papilio liomedon
133:Palearctic realm
4782:
4781:
4777:
4776:
4775:
4773:
4772:
4771:
4747:
4746:
4745:
4740:
4715:
4536:Cosmopterigidae
4497:
4496:
4481:
4402:
4396:
4361:
4333:
4287:
4262:
4235:Papilio helenus
4226:
4224:Further reading
4221:
4220:
4201:
4197:
4192:
4188:
4182:Wayback Machine
4169:
4165:
4154:
4150:
4140:
4138:
4127:
4123:
4113:
4111:
4104:
4100:
4083:
4079:
4069:
4067:
4058:
4054:
4044:
4042:
4040:
4020:
4016:
4002:Papilio polytes
3999:
3995:
3978:
3974:
3967:
3951:
3947:
3937:
3935:
3931:
3925:Udvardy, M.D.F.
3922:
3918:
3896:Nicobar islands
3884:Northeast India
3861:
3857:
3852:
3835:
3820:Parnassius simo
3748:Parnassius acco
3673:Grum-Grshimailo
3643:Grum-Grshimailo
3558:Keeled Apollo,
3509:
3501:
3462:
3454:
3444:
3435:
3425:
3416:
3406:
3397:
3389:
3382:
3381:
3372:
3368:
3359:
3358:
3349:
3345:
3324:Yellow gorgon,
3308:
3289:Kaiser-e-Hind,
3280:
3271:
3263:
3255:
3254:
3247:
3238:
3229:
3220:
3177:
3167:
3166:
3161:
3157:
3148:
3147:
3145:Graphium eurous
3142:
3138:
3107:Graphium eurous
3101:
3087:
3086:
3077:
3073:
3064:
3063:
3054:
3053:Chain swordtail
3050:
3041:
3040:
3031:
3027:
3018:
3017:
3013:Graphium agetes
3008:
3004:
2986:Graphium nomius
2934:Graphium agetes
2926:
2917:
2909:
2875:
2874:
2865:
2861:
2852:
2851:
2842:
2838:
2829:
2828:
2819:
2815:
2794:Spotted zebra,
2752:
2738:
2737:
2728:
2724:
2715:
2714:
2710:Graphium chiron
2705:
2701:
2692:
2691:
2682:
2678:
2609:
2608:
2599:
2595:
2586:
2585:
2576:
2572:
2563:
2562:
2553:
2549:
2540:
2539:
2530:
2526:
2451:
2439:
2431:
2430:
2393:
2379:
2370:
2360:
2359:
2350:
2346:
2337:
2336:
2327:
2323:
2271:
2270:
2266:Papilio krishna
2261:
2260:Krishna peacock
2257:
2248:
2247:
2238:
2234:
2225:
2224:
2215:
2211:
2202:
2201:
2192:
2188:
2167:Papilio krishna
2149:Paris peacock,
2094:
2085:
2077:
2063:
2062:
2053:
2049:
2040:
2039:
2030:
2026:
2002:Malabar raven,
1932:
1931:
1922:
1918:
1909:
1908:
1899:
1895:
1839:
1838:
1829:
1828:Anadaman Mormon
1825:
1816:
1815:
1806:
1802:
1793:
1792:
1783:
1779:
1711:
1710:
1701:
1697:
1688:
1687:
1678:
1674:
1665:
1664:
1660:Papilio helenus
1655:
1651:
1623:Andaman Helen,
1599:Papilio helenus
1579:
1578:
1574:Papilio polytes
1569:
1565:
1556:
1555:
1546:
1542:
1533:
1532:
1523:
1519:
1495:Papilio polytes
1492:Common Mormon,
1420:
1394:Papilio machaon
1374:
1370:Papilio machaon
1365:
1357:
1343:
1342:
1333:
1329:
1320:
1319:
1310:
1309:Great blue mime
1306:
1297:
1296:
1292:Papilio slateri
1287:
1283:
1274:
1273:
1264:
1260:
1212:Papilio slateri
1188:Papilio agestor
1171:
1167:Papilio agestor
1162:
1154:
1129:complexes with
1123:
1115:
1114:
1107:
1106:
1097:
1093:
1084:
1083:
1074:
1070:
1061:
1060:
1051:
1047:
990:Papilio polytes
986:
982:
978:
976:
975:
965:
964:
955:
951:
942:
941:
932:
931:Common clubtail
928:
878:
868:
867:
863:Byasa plutonius
858:
854:
845:
844:
840:Byasa crassipes
835:
831:
822:
821:
812:
808:
790:Byasa plutonius
777:Byasa crassipes
756:
755:
746:
742:
733:
732:
723:
719:
710:
709:
700:
696:
687:
686:
677:
676:Common windmill
673:
626:Rose windmill,
607:
597:
596:
587:
583:
574:
573:
564:
560:
520:
516:
512:
510:
509:
483:along with the
454:
453:
444:
443:Golden birdwing
440:
431:
430:
421:
417:
408:
407:
398:
397:Common birdwing
394:
324:
320:
316:
314:
313:
305:
304:
292:
222:Papilio polytes
205:Papilio helenus
177:Papilio polytes
40:Papilio polytes
30:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4780:
4770:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4742:
4741:
4739:
4738:
4737:
4736:
4731:
4720:
4717:
4716:
4714:
4713:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4643:
4638:
4633:
4628:
4623:
4618:
4613:
4608:
4603:
4601:Lecithoceridae
4598:
4593:
4588:
4583:
4581:Gracillariidae
4578:
4573:
4568:
4563:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4507:
4505:
4499:
4498:
4490:
4484:
4482:
4480:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4433:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4412:
4410:
4404:
4403:
4395:
4394:
4387:
4380:
4372:
4366:
4365:
4360:978-8170192329
4359:
4337:
4332:978-8173713545
4331:
4316:
4307:
4291:
4285:
4266:
4260:
4225:
4222:
4219:
4218:
4195:
4186:
4163:
4148:
4121:
4098:
4077:
4052:
4038:
4014:
3993:
3981:Papilio memnon
3972:
3966:978-8173713545
3965:
3945:
3916:
3890:and 13 in the
3854:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3847:
3846:
3841:
3834:
3831:
3830:
3829:
3828:
3827:
3814:
3813:
3800:
3799:
3798:
3797:
3784:
3783:
3770:
3769:
3768:
3767:
3757:Royal Apollo,
3755:
3742:
3741:
3728:
3727:
3726:
3725:
3716:
3700:
3688:
3676:
3663:
3662:
3649:
3648:
3647:
3646:
3634:
3624:Noble Apollo,
3622:
3610:
3600:Regal Apollo,
3597:
3596:
3583:
3582:
3581:
3580:
3568:
3556:
3544:
3530:
3529:
3508:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3496:
3495:
3483:
3473:Bhutan glory,
3461:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3436:
3433:
3417:
3414:
3398:
3395:
3388:
3385:
3384:
3383:
3373:
3370:
3369:
3362:
3360:
3350:
3347:
3346:
3339:
3336:
3335:
3322:
3315:Brown gorgon,
3307:
3301:
3300:
3299:
3272:
3269:
3262:
3256:
3253:
3250:
3249:
3248:
3239:
3232:
3230:
3221:
3214:
3211:
3210:
3197:
3176:
3170:
3169:
3168:
3162:
3159:
3158:
3151:
3149:
3143:
3140:
3139:
3132:
3129:
3128:
3115:
3100:
3099:) – swordtails
3090:
3089:
3088:
3078:
3075:
3074:
3067:
3065:
3055:
3052:
3051:
3044:
3042:
3032:
3029:
3028:
3021:
3019:
3009:
3006:
3005:
2998:
2995:
2994:
2981:
2968:
2955:
2942:
2922:Pathysa nomius
2918:
2916:Spot swordtail
2915:
2908:
2907:) – swordtails
2898:
2882:
2881:
2877:
2876:
2866:
2863:
2862:
2855:
2853:
2843:
2840:
2839:
2832:
2830:
2820:
2817:
2816:
2809:
2806:
2805:
2792:
2781:Lesser zebra,
2779:
2751:
2741:
2740:
2739:
2729:
2726:
2725:
2718:
2716:
2706:
2703:
2702:
2695:
2693:
2683:
2680:
2679:
2672:
2669:
2668:
2655:
2638:
2625:
2611:
2610:
2600:
2597:
2596:
2589:
2587:
2581:Graphium doson
2577:
2574:
2573:
2566:
2564:
2554:
2551:
2550:
2543:
2541:
2531:
2528:
2527:
2520:
2517:
2516:
2499:
2487:Graphium doson
2482:
2469:
2450:
2440:
2438:
2432:
2429:
2426:
2425:
2424:
2423:
2422:
2421:
2420:
2410:Papilio xuthus
2392:
2382:
2375:Papilio xuthus
2371:
2368:
2362:
2361:
2355:Papilio buddha
2351:
2348:
2347:
2340:
2338:
2328:
2325:
2324:
2317:
2314:
2313:
2312:
2311:
2310:
2309:
2302:Papilio buddha
2297:
2273:
2272:
2262:
2259:
2258:
2251:
2249:
2239:
2236:
2235:
2228:
2226:
2220:Papilio bianor
2216:
2214:Common peacock
2213:
2212:
2205:
2203:
2193:
2190:
2189:
2182:
2179:
2178:
2177:
2176:
2175:
2174:
2162:
2147:
2135:
2128:Papilio bianor
2123:
2113:Blue peacock,
2086:
2083:
2076:
2066:
2065:
2064:
2054:
2051:
2050:
2043:
2041:
2035:Papilio castor
2031:
2028:
2027:
2020:
2017:
2016:
2015:
2014:
2013:
2012:
2000:
1993:Papilio castor
1990:Common raven,
1976:
1975:
1974:
1973:
1972:
1971:
1964:Papilio bootes
1943:Papilio bootes
1934:
1933:
1923:
1920:
1919:
1912:
1910:
1900:
1897:
1896:
1889:
1886:
1885:
1884:
1883:
1882:
1881:
1865:
1841:
1840:
1830:
1827:
1826:
1819:
1817:
1807:
1804:
1803:
1796:
1794:
1788:Papilio memnon
1784:
1781:
1780:
1773:
1770:
1769:
1768:
1767:
1766:
1765:
1753:
1741:
1731:Papilio memnon
1728:Great Mormon,
1713:
1712:
1702:
1699:
1698:
1691:
1689:
1679:
1676:
1675:
1668:
1666:
1656:
1653:
1652:
1645:
1642:
1641:
1640:
1639:
1638:
1637:
1621:
1611:Yellow Helen,
1609:
1581:
1580:
1570:
1567:
1566:
1559:
1557:
1547:
1544:
1543:
1536:
1534:
1524:
1522:Lime butterfly
1521:
1520:
1513:
1510:
1509:
1508:
1507:
1506:
1505:
1479:
1478:
1477:
1476:
1475:
1474:
1451:
1450:
1449:
1448:
1447:
1446:
1419:
1409:
1408:
1407:
1406:
1405:
1404:
1403:
1366:
1363:
1356:
1346:
1345:
1344:
1338:Papilio clytia
1334:
1331:
1330:
1323:
1321:
1311:
1308:
1307:
1300:
1298:
1288:
1285:
1284:
1277:
1275:
1265:
1262:
1261:
1254:
1251:
1250:
1249:
1248:
1237:Papilio clytia
1232:
1219:
1207:
1195:
1163:
1160:
1153:
1143:
1122:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1109:
1108:
1098:
1095:
1094:
1087:
1085:
1075:
1072:
1071:
1064:
1062:
1052:
1049:
1048:
1041:
1038:
1037:
1026:Malabar rose,
1024:
1009:Crimson rose,
1007:
974:
968:
967:
966:
956:
953:
952:
945:
943:
933:
930:
929:
922:
919:
918:
905:
877:
871:
870:
869:
859:
856:
855:
848:
846:
836:
834:Black windmill
833:
832:
825:
823:
817:Byasa dasarada
813:
811:Great windmill
810:
809:
802:
799:
798:
785:
772:
764:Byasa dasarada
758:
757:
747:
744:
743:
736:
734:
724:
721:
720:
713:
711:
701:
698:
697:
690:
688:
678:
675:
674:
667:
664:
663:
650:
637:
624:
606:
600:
599:
598:
588:
586:Common batwing
585:
584:
577:
575:
565:
563:Lesser batwing
562:
561:
554:
551:
550:
537:
508:
502:
475:of the Indian
461:
460:
456:
455:
449:Troides aeacus
445:
442:
441:
434:
432:
422:
419:
418:
411:
409:
403:Troides helena
399:
396:
395:
388:
385:
384:
372:Troides aeacus
367:
354:
342:Troides helena
312:
306:
303:
302:Tribe Troidini
300:
291:
288:
276:Papilio buddha
238:female forms.
227:Papilio memnon
155:Papilio buddha
88:Papilio buddha
74:Papilio bianor
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4779:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4754:
4752:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4726:
4725:
4722:
4721:
4718:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4706:Yponomeutidae
4704:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4656:Pterophoridae
4654:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4596:Lasiocampidae
4594:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4579:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4508:
4506:
4504:
4500:
4494:
4488:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4462:Limenitidinae
4460:
4458:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4413:
4411:
4409:
4405:
4401:
4393:
4388:
4386:
4381:
4379:
4374:
4373:
4370:
4362:
4356:
4352:
4348:
4347:
4342:
4338:
4334:
4328:
4324:
4323:
4317:
4313:
4308:
4304:
4300:
4296:
4292:
4288:
4282:
4278:
4274:
4273:
4267:
4263:
4257:
4253:
4248:
4247:
4243:
4242:
4237:
4236:
4230:
4214:
4210:
4206:
4199:
4190:
4183:
4179:
4176:
4173:
4167:
4159:
4152:
4136:
4132:
4125:
4109:
4102:
4093:
4088:
4081:
4065:
4064:
4056:
4041:
4035:
4031:
4027:
4026:
4018:
4011:
4007:
4003:
3997:
3990:
3986:
3982:
3976:
3968:
3962:
3958:
3957:
3949:
3930:
3926:
3920:
3913:
3909:
3905:
3901:
3897:
3893:
3889:
3885:
3881:
3877:
3873:
3869:
3865:
3859:
3855:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3836:
3825:
3822:
3821:
3816:
3815:
3811:
3808:
3804:
3803:
3802:
3801:
3795:
3792:
3791:
3786:
3785:
3781:
3778:
3774:
3773:
3772:
3771:
3765:
3762:
3761:
3756:
3753:
3750:
3749:
3744:
3743:
3739:
3736:
3732:
3731:
3730:
3729:
3723:
3722:
3717:
3714:
3710:
3707:
3706:
3701:
3698:
3695:
3694:
3689:
3686:
3683:
3682:
3677:
3674:
3671:
3670:
3665:
3664:
3660:
3657:
3653:
3652:
3651:
3650:
3644:
3641:
3640:
3636:Dusky Apollo
3635:
3632:
3629:
3628:
3623:
3620:
3617:
3616:
3611:
3608:
3605:
3604:
3599:
3598:
3594:
3591:
3587:
3586:
3585:
3584:
3578:
3575:
3574:
3569:
3566:
3563:
3562:
3557:
3554:
3551:
3550:
3545:
3542:
3538:
3537:
3532:
3531:
3527:
3524:
3520:
3519:
3518:
3517:
3516:
3514:
3506:
3493:
3490:
3489:
3484:
3481:
3478:
3477:
3472:
3471:
3470:
3467:
3459:
3449:
3442:
3441:
3431:
3423:
3422:
3412:
3404:
3403:
3393:
3379:
3378:
3371:Yellow gorgon
3366:
3361:
3356:
3355:
3343:
3338:
3337:
3333:
3329:
3328:
3323:
3320:
3319:
3314:
3313:
3312:
3305:
3297:
3294:
3293:
3288:
3287:
3286:
3278:
3277:
3270:Kaiser-e-Hind
3267:
3260:
3245:
3244:
3236:
3231:
3227:
3226:
3218:
3213:
3212:
3208:
3204:
3203:
3198:
3195:
3191:
3190:
3185:
3184:
3183:
3181:
3174:
3165:
3155:
3150:
3146:
3136:
3131:
3130:
3126:
3122:
3121:
3116:
3113:
3109:
3108:
3103:
3102:
3098:
3094:
3084:
3083:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3060:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3037:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3014:
3002:
2997:
2996:
2992:
2988:
2987:
2982:
2979:
2975:
2974:
2969:
2966:
2962:
2961:
2956:
2953:
2949:
2948:
2943:
2940:
2936:
2935:
2930:
2929:
2924:
2923:
2913:
2906:
2902:
2897:
2895:
2891:
2887:
2879:
2878:
2872:
2871:
2864:Spotted zebra
2859:
2854:
2849:
2848:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2825:
2813:
2808:
2807:
2803:
2799:
2798:
2793:
2790:
2786:
2785:
2780:
2777:
2773:
2772:
2768:Great zebra,
2767:
2766:
2765:
2763:
2762:
2757:
2749:
2748:Paranticopsis
2745:
2735:
2734:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2711:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2688:
2676:
2671:
2670:
2666:
2662:
2661:
2656:
2653:
2649:
2645:
2644:
2639:
2636:
2632:
2631:
2626:
2623:
2619:
2618:
2614:Spotted jay,
2613:
2612:
2606:
2605:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2582:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2559:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2536:
2524:
2519:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2505:
2500:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2488:
2483:
2480:
2476:
2475:
2470:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2458:
2453:
2452:
2448:
2444:
2436:
2419:
2415:
2412:
2411:
2406:
2405:
2404:
2403:
2402:
2398:
2397:species group
2395:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2377:
2376:
2366:
2357:
2356:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2333:
2332:Papilio crino
2321:
2316:
2315:
2307:
2304:
2303:
2298:
2295:
2292:
2291:
2290:Papilio crino
2286:
2285:
2284:
2283:
2282:
2278:
2277:species group
2275:
2274:
2268:
2267:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2244:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2221:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2198:
2186:
2181:
2180:
2172:
2169:
2168:
2163:
2161:
2157:
2154:
2153:
2152:Papilio paris
2148:
2145:
2142:
2141:
2136:
2133:
2130:
2129:
2124:
2121:
2118:
2117:
2112:
2111:
2110:
2109:
2108:
2105:
2104:species group
2102:
2101:
2100:
2092:
2091:
2090:Papilio paris
2084:Paris peacock
2081:
2074:
2070:
2060:
2059:
2052:Malabar raven
2047:
2042:
2037:
2036:
2024:
2019:
2018:
2010:
2007:
2006:
2001:
1998:
1995:
1994:
1989:
1988:
1986:
1985:
1984:
1981:
1980:species group
1978:
1977:
1969:
1966:
1965:
1960:
1959:
1958:
1957:
1956:
1953:
1952:species group
1950:
1949:
1945:
1944:
1938:
1929:
1928:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1905:
1893:
1888:
1887:
1879:
1875:
1872:
1871:
1866:
1863:
1860:
1859:
1854:
1853:
1851:
1850:
1849:
1846:
1845:species group
1843:
1842:
1836:
1835:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1812:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1789:
1777:
1772:
1771:
1763:
1760:
1759:
1754:
1751:
1748:
1747:
1743:Blue Mormon,
1742:
1740:
1736:
1733:
1732:
1727:
1726:
1723:
1722:
1721:
1718:
1717:species group
1715:
1714:
1708:
1707:
1700:Andaman Helen
1695:
1690:
1685:
1684:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1661:
1649:
1644:
1643:
1635:
1631:
1628:
1627:
1622:
1619:
1616:
1615:
1610:
1608:
1604:
1601:
1600:
1595:
1594:
1591:
1590:
1589:
1586:
1585:species group
1583:
1582:
1576:
1575:
1568:Common Mormon
1563:
1558:
1553:
1552:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1529:
1517:
1512:
1511:
1504:
1500:
1497:
1496:
1491:
1490:
1489:
1488:
1487:
1484:
1483:species group
1481:
1480:
1472:
1469:
1468:
1463:
1462:
1461:
1460:
1459:
1456:
1455:species group
1453:
1452:
1445:
1441:
1438:
1437:
1432:
1431:
1430:
1429:
1428:
1425:
1424:species group
1422:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1402:
1398:
1395:
1391:
1388:
1387:
1386:
1385:
1384:
1381:
1380:species group
1378:
1377:
1372:
1371:
1361:
1354:
1350:
1340:
1339:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1316:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1293:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1270:
1258:
1253:
1252:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1238:
1234:Common mime,
1233:
1230:
1226:
1225:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1213:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1201:
1197:Lesser mime,
1196:
1193:
1190:
1189:
1184:
1183:
1182:
1181:
1180:
1178:
1169:
1168:
1158:
1151:
1147:
1142:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1120:
1104:
1103:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1080:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1057:
1045:
1040:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1030:
1025:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1013:
1008:
1005:
1001:
1000:
996:Common rose,
995:
994:
993:
991:
981:
977:– roses": -->
972:
962:
961:
949:
944:
939:
938:
926:
921:
920:
916:
912:
911:
906:
903:
899:
898:
893:
889:
888:
883:
882:
881:
875:
865:
864:
852:
847:
842:
841:
829:
824:
819:
818:
806:
801:
800:
796:
792:
791:
786:
783:
779:
778:
773:
770:
766:
765:
760:
759:
753:
752:
740:
735:
730:
729:
728:Byasa nevilli
717:
712:
707:
706:
699:Rose windmill
694:
689:
684:
683:
671:
666:
665:
661:
657:
656:
651:
648:
644:
643:
642:Byasa nevilli
638:
635:
631:
630:
625:
622:
618:
617:
612:
611:
610:
604:
594:
593:
581:
576:
571:
570:
558:
553:
552:
548:
544:
543:
538:
535:
531:
530:
525:
524:
523:
515:
506:
501:
499:
495:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
458:
457:
451:
450:
438:
433:
428:
427:
426:Troides minos
415:
410:
405:
404:
392:
387:
386:
382:
378:
374:
373:
368:
365:
361:
360:
359:Troides minos
355:
352:
348:
344:
343:
338:
337:
336:
333:
329:
319:
310:
299:
297:
287:
285:
280:
278:
277:
272:
271:
266:
265:
260:
259:
254:
253:
252:Troides minos
248:
247:Western Ghats
244:
239:
237:
233:
229:
228:
223:
219:
218:
213:
212:
207:
206:
201:
197:
196:
191:
190:
185:
184:
179:
178:
173:
169:
168:
163:
162:
157:
156:
151:
147:
142:
140:
139:
134:
130:
126:
121:
119:
115:
111:
110:
105:
104:Papilionoidea
102:(superfamily
101:
100:
90:
89:
83:
76:
75:
69:
62:
61:
55:
48:
47:
42:
41:
36:
35:
31:Blue Mormon (
28:
23:
19:
4762:Papilionidae
4734:Indian moths
4701:Xyloryctidae
4641:Peleopodidae
4631:Oecophoridae
4626:Notodontidae
4611:Lymantriidae
4561:Eupterotidae
4416:Papilionidae
4415:
4345:
4321:
4311:
4298:
4271:
4251:
4239:
4233:
4212:
4208:
4204:
4198:
4189:
4171:
4166:
4157:
4151:
4139:. Retrieved
4135:the original
4124:
4112:. Retrieved
4101:
4080:
4068:. Retrieved
4062:
4055:
4043:. Retrieved
4024:
4017:
4005:
4001:
3996:
3984:
3980:
3975:
3955:
3948:
3936:. Retrieved
3919:
3908:Parnassiinae
3858:
3839:Papilionidae
3818:
3806:
3788:
3776:
3758:
3746:
3734:
3719:
3703:
3691:
3679:
3667:
3655:
3637:
3625:
3613:
3601:
3589:
3571:
3559:
3547:
3534:
3522:
3512:
3510:
3504:
3486:
3474:
3465:
3463:
3457:
3447:
3438:
3419:
3400:
3396:Bhutan glory
3375:
3352:
3348:Brown gorgon
3325:
3316:
3309:
3303:
3290:
3283:
3274:
3258:
3241:
3223:
3200:
3187:
3179:
3178:
3172:
3163:
3144:
3118:
3105:
3096:
3092:
3080:
3057:
3034:
3011:
2984:
2971:
2958:
2945:
2932:
2920:
2904:
2900:
2893:
2889:
2885:
2883:
2868:
2845:
2841:Lesser zebra
2822:
2795:
2782:
2769:
2759:
2755:
2753:
2747:
2743:
2731:
2708:
2685:
2658:
2657:Scarce jay,
2641:
2628:
2627:Veined jay,
2615:
2602:
2579:
2556:
2533:
2502:
2501:Tailed jay,
2485:
2484:Common jay,
2472:
2455:
2446:
2442:
2434:
2408:
2400:
2396:
2389:Sinoprinceps
2388:
2384:
2373:
2353:
2330:
2300:
2288:
2280:
2276:
2264:
2241:
2218:
2195:
2191:Blue peacock
2165:
2150:
2138:
2126:
2114:
2106:
2103:
2097:
2088:
2075:) – peacocks
2072:
2068:
2056:
2033:
2029:Common raven
2003:
1991:
1982:
1979:
1962:
1954:
1951:
1941:
1925:
1902:
1868:
1856:
1847:
1844:
1834:Papilio mayo
1832:
1809:
1786:
1782:Great Mormon
1758:Papilio mayo
1756:
1744:
1729:
1719:
1716:
1704:
1681:
1677:Yellow Helen
1658:
1624:
1612:
1597:
1587:
1584:
1572:
1549:
1526:
1493:
1485:
1482:
1465:
1457:
1454:
1434:
1426:
1423:
1415:
1411:
1393:
1382:
1379:
1368:
1352:
1348:
1336:
1313:
1290:
1267:
1235:
1222:
1210:
1198:
1186:
1185:Tawny mime,
1174:
1165:
1149:
1145:
1124:
1118:
1100:
1096:Malabar rose
1077:
1073:Crimson rose
1054:
1027:
1010:
997:
989:
987:
970:
958:
937:Losaria coon
935:
908:
895:
894:, 1793) now
887:Losaria coon
885:
879:
873:
861:
838:
815:
788:
775:
762:
749:
726:
703:
680:
660:de Nicéville
653:
640:
627:
614:
608:
602:
590:
567:
540:
527:
521:
505:Atrophaneura
504:
489:Atrophaneura
488:
485:Atrophaneura
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
462:
447:
424:
401:
370:
357:
340:
331:
327:
325:
308:
296:swallowtails
295:
293:
283:
281:
274:
268:
262:
256:
250:
240:
232:polymorphism
225:
221:
215:
209:
203:
193:
187:
181:
175:
165:
159:
153:
143:
136:
122:
118:Papilioninae
114:Parnassiinae
107:
99:Papilionidae
96:
94:
86:
72:
58:
44:
38:
32:
27:mud-puddling
18:
4691:Tortricidae
4666:Saturniidae
4606:Limacodidae
4571:Geometridae
4566:Gelechiidae
4531:Choreutidae
4526:Brahmaeidae
4521:Brachodidae
4453:Nymphalidae
4439:Hesperiinae
4435:Hesperiidae
4408:Butterflies
4295:Evans, W.H.
3872:Baluchistan
3868:South India
3807:Kreizbergia
3724:Riley, 1926
3631:Fruhstorfer
3259:Teinopalpus
3180:Lamproptera
3173:Lamproptera
2818:Great zebra
2681:Spotted jay
2665:Fruhstorfer
2640:Great jay,
1867:Redbreast,
1805:Blue Mormon
1596:Red Helen,
1332:Common mime
1263:Lesser mime
1139:polymorphic
1050:Common rose
751:Byasa polla
655:Byasa polla
494:aposematism
463:The genera
200:Thar Desert
138:Parnassiini
4751:Categories
4711:Zygaenidae
4681:Thyrididae
4676:Sphingidae
4636:Pantheidae
4586:Hepialidae
4551:Drepanidae
4516:Bombycidae
4511:Alucitidae
4431:Riodinidae
4426:Lycaenidae
4205:Bhutanitis
4045:21 October
4028:. Mumbai:
3523:Parnassius
3513:Parnassius
3505:Parnassius
3466:Bhutanitis
3464:The genus
3458:Bhutanitis
2880:Swordtails
2750:) – zebras
2704:Veined jay
2598:Tailed jay
2575:Common jay
2073:Achillides
2009:Wood-Mason
1161:Tawny mime
971:Pachliopta
647:Wood-Mason
469:Pachliopta
234:with many
167:Parnassius
150:ecoregions
95:This is a
4696:Uraniidae
4661:Pyralidae
4651:Psychidae
4646:Phaudidae
4616:Noctuidae
4546:Crambidae
4472:Satyrinae
4467:Morphinae
3902:(62) and
3900:Himalayas
3880:Himalayas
3810:Korshunov
3805:Subgenus
3777:Lingamius
3775:Subgenus
3733:Subgenus
3713:R. Felder
3709:C. Felder
3685:Bang-Haas
3654:Subgenus
3590:Kailasius
3588:Subgenus
3565:Boisduval
3541:Eversmann
3526:Latreille
3521:Subgenus
3332:Boisduval
3304:Meandrusa
3207:Fabricius
2776:Doubleday
2727:Great jay
2622:Boisduval
2496:R. Felder
2492:C. Felder
2294:Fabricius
2281:palinurus
2144:Doubleday
1921:Redbreast
1878:R. Felder
1874:C. Felder
1855:Spangle,
1654:Red Helen
1634:R. Felder
1630:C. Felder
1618:Boisduval
1427:demodocus
1152:) – mimes
1004:Fabricius
892:Fabricius
621:Doubleday
534:Doubleday
381:R. Felder
377:C. Felder
330:, as the
328:birdwings
172:Himalayas
4686:Tineidae
4671:Sesiidae
4556:Erebidae
4541:Cossidae
4457:Danainae
4444:Pyrginae
4421:Pieridae
4343:(1957).
4297:(1932).
4178:Archived
4070:20 April
4010:Abstract
3989:Abstract
3927:(1975).
3882:, 69 in
3874:, 11 in
3866:, 19 in
3833:See also
3656:Koramius
3619:PĂĽngeler
3577:OberthĂĽr
3553:OberthĂĽr
3480:Atkinson
3125:OberthĂĽr
3093:Graphium
2978:OberthĂĽr
2939:Westwood
2901:Graphium
2886:Graphium
2802:Westwood
2744:Graphium
2648:Linnaeus
2509:Linnaeus
2479:Westwood
2462:Linnaeus
2447:Graphium
2443:Graphium
2435:Graphium
2414:Linnaeus
2306:Westwood
2156:Linnaeus
2120:Westwood
1997:Westwood
1968:Westwood
1848:protenor
1762:Atkinson
1735:Linnaeus
1603:Linnaeus
1499:Linnaeus
1458:demolion
1440:Linnaeus
1416:Princeps
1397:Linnaeus
1242:Linnaeus
1216:Hewitson
1204:Hewitson
1131:danaines
1017:Linnaeus
795:OberthĂĽr
782:OberthĂĽr
547:A. White
477:Troidini
347:Linnaeus
243:endemism
4621:Nolidae
4591:Immidae
3904:Myanmar
3892:Andaman
3888:Myanmar
3876:Chitral
3870:, 6 in
3764:Avinoff
3735:Tadumia
3697:Honrath
3543:, 1843)
3492:Gabriel
3334:, 1836)
3209:, 1787)
3196:, 1831)
3127:, 1879)
2993:, 1799)
2980:, 1879)
2941:, 1843)
2905:Pathysa
2890:Pathysa
2804:, 1844)
2791:, 1819)
2778:, 1842)
2667:, 1901)
2637:, 1884)
2635:Honrath
2624:, 1836)
2498:, 1864)
2481:, 1841)
2385:Papilio
2069:Papilio
1898:Spangle
1588:helenus
1486:polytes
1412:Papilio
1383:machaon
1353:Papilio
1349:Papilio
1231:, 1831)
1150:Chilasa
1146:Papilio
1119:Papilio
1036:, 1881)
1006:, 1775)
917:, 1876)
904:, 1885)
902:Wallace
874:Losaria
797:, 1876)
784:, 1893)
771:, 1858)
662:, 1897)
649:, 1882)
636:, 1826)
634:Donovan
623:, 1842)
549:, 1842)
536:, 1845)
465:Losaria
383:, 1860)
332:Troides
309:Troides
236:mimetic
230:) show
4357:
4329:
4283:
4258:
4215:: 189.
4141:14 May
4036:
3963:
3938:10 May
3864:Ceylon
3826:, 1853
3812:, 1990
3796:, 1831
3782:, 1935
3766:, 1916
3740:, 1902
3715:, 1865
3711:&
3699:, 1890
3687:, 1915
3675:, 1888
3661:, 1902
3645:, 1891
3633:, 1903
3621:, 1901
3595:, 1902
3579:, 1879
3567:, 1836
3555:, 1879
3528:, 1804
3494:, 1942
3482:, 1873
3298:, 1843
3194:Zinken
3097:Pazala
2952:Cramer
2894:Pazala
2789:Godart
2761:Danaus
2756:zebras
2494:&
2401:xuthus
2308:, 1872
2296:, 1793
2173:, 1858
2146:, 1845
2132:Cramer
2122:, 1842
2011:, 1880
1999:, 1842
1983:castor
1970:, 1842
1955:bootes
1876:&
1862:Cramer
1750:Cramer
1720:memnon
1636:, 1865
1632:&
1620:, 1836
1473:, 1875
1229:Zinken
1218:, 1859
1206:, 1864
1194:, 1831
915:Butler
379:&
364:Cramer
146:biomes
4503:Moths
4400:India
4114:1 May
3932:(PDF)
3912:India
3738:Moore
3659:Moore
3593:Moore
3112:Leech
2991:Esper
2965:Stoll
2171:Moore
2107:paris
1471:Moore
1034:Moore
769:Moore
603:Byasa
473:Byasa
109:India
4355:ISBN
4327:ISBN
4281:ISBN
4277:IUCN
4256:ISBN
4143:2020
4116:2020
4072:2020
4047:2010
4034:ISBN
4004:L."
3983:L."
3961:ISBN
3940:2020
3894:and
3824:Gray
3794:Gray
3780:Bryk
3752:Gray
3607:Gray
3296:Hope
2892:and
2754:The
2652:1758
2513:1758
2466:1758
2418:1767
2160:1758
1739:1758
1607:1758
1503:1758
1444:1758
1401:1758
1246:1758
1192:Gray
1021:1758
979:edit
513:edit
471:and
351:1758
326:The
317:edit
294:The
4087:doi
3114:, )
2967:, )
2954:, )
1133:or
366:, )
279:).
4753::
4353:.
4279:.
4213:75
4211:.
3754:,
3609:,
2650:,
2511:,
2464:,
2416:,
2399::
2279::
2158:,
2134:,
1880:,
1864:,
1764:,
1752:,
1737:,
1605:,
1501:,
1442:,
1399:,
1392:,
1244:,
1240:,
1019:,
467:,
349:,
4391:e
4384:t
4377:v
4363:.
4335:.
4305:.
4264:.
4184:.
4145:.
4118:.
4095:.
4089::
4074:.
4049:.
3969:.
3942:.
3539:(
3443:)
3437:(
3424:)
3418:(
3405:)
3399:(
3380:)
3374:(
3357:)
3351:(
3330:(
3279:)
3273:(
3246:)
3228:)
3205:(
3192:(
3123:(
3110:(
3095:(
3085:)
3079:(
3062:)
3056:(
3039:)
3033:(
3016:)
3010:(
2989:(
2976:(
2963:(
2950:(
2937:(
2925:)
2919:(
2903:(
2873:)
2867:(
2850:)
2844:(
2827:)
2821:(
2800:(
2787:(
2774:(
2746:(
2736:)
2730:(
2713:)
2707:(
2690:)
2684:(
2663:(
2654:)
2646:(
2633:(
2620:(
2607:)
2601:(
2584:)
2578:(
2561:)
2555:(
2538:)
2532:(
2515:)
2507:(
2490:(
2477:(
2468:)
2460:(
2445:(
2387:(
2378:)
2372:(
2358:)
2352:(
2335:)
2329:(
2269:)
2263:(
2246:)
2240:(
2223:)
2217:(
2200:)
2194:(
2093:)
2087:(
2071:(
2061:)
2055:(
2038:)
2032:(
1946:)
1930:)
1924:(
1907:)
1901:(
1837:)
1831:(
1814:)
1808:(
1791:)
1785:(
1709:)
1703:(
1686:)
1680:(
1663:)
1657:(
1577:)
1571:(
1554:)
1548:(
1531:)
1525:(
1414:(
1373:)
1367:(
1351:(
1341:)
1335:(
1318:)
1312:(
1295:)
1289:(
1272:)
1266:(
1227:(
1170:)
1164:(
1148:(
1105:)
1099:(
1082:)
1076:(
1059:)
1053:(
1032:(
1023:)
1015:(
1002:(
983:]
963:)
957:(
940:)
934:(
913:(
900:(
890:(
866:)
860:(
843:)
837:(
820:)
814:(
793:(
780:(
767:(
754:)
748:(
731:)
725:(
708:)
702:(
685:)
679:(
658:(
645:(
632:(
619:(
595:)
589:(
572:)
566:(
545:(
532:(
517:]
452:)
446:(
429:)
423:(
406:)
400:(
375:(
362:(
353:)
345:(
321:]
148:/
77:)
63:)
29::
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