611:
operation, project performance data is measured. After the operation period, the team submits all data and documentation for auditing. The auditing process is performed by an independent third-party. This independent auditor performs a preliminary audit and a final audit where imperative performances are checked with data and extra documentation. During the final audit, the auditors will do another documentation audit along with a site visit of the project and an audit report for the team. If the auditor concludes that the project achieves all of the applicable imperatives and the site visit is satisfactory, the project will be awarded its certification. The first Living
Buildings were certified in October 2010, and by March 2013, only six had achieved certification.
579:
124:
911:
135:, flowers are an accurate representation of a truly regenerative building which receives all of its energy from the sun, nutrients from the soil, and water from the sky. Similar to a flower, they simultaneously shelter other organisms and support the surrounding ecosystem. They also serve as beauty and inspiration and adapt to their surroundings. Meanwhile, the petals of the flower represent each performance area in the framework. These petals include Materials, Place, Water, Energy, Health and Happiness, Equity, and Beauty.
903:
855:
22:
1861:, the energy measurement unit to change to carbon emissions, and the lack of regional considerations. In addition, there are criticisms of a project's large number of obstacles due to building code regulations that have not been changing in time to adapt to climate change. In turn, this has caused a decrease in the rate of newly registered Living Building Challenge projects.
247:
residential, multi-family residential, institutional buildings (government, education, research, or religious), commercial (offices, hospitality, retail), and medical or laboratory buildings. There are 3 certification pathways, Living
Building Certification, Petal Certification, and Zero Energy Certification a project can pursue, all of which are awarded on performance.
223:, and to report all materials used and their manufacturer and extraction information. Additionally, projects achieve this petal by creating a materials conservation management plan, using salvaged materials, tracking the location sources of the project's materials, using products with Declare labels, among other tasks.
1845:
Review for either. They provide height and floor area incentives for buildings in exchange for meeting high-performance green building requirements.". By achieving certification, the project can build up to 25% more floor area than regulations in certain zones allow, and in some cases more building height.
1061:
From the design team to contractors, the project tried to limit the distance traveled for each person working on the project. Almost everyone working on the project was from within a 5-10 km radius of the site. Almost all workers (except for 1) used public transportation or biked to the project site.
886:
The
International Living Future Institute is a non-governmental organization (NGO) committed to catalyzing a global transformation toward true sustainability. The Institute seeks partnerships with leaders in the public, private and not-for-profit sectors in pursuit of a future that is socially just,
1078:
The project is designed with accessible spaces with the installation of an accessible sink, accessible storage areas, a ramp, and an ADA-accessible restroom. The owner also partners with nonprofits, community organizations, and neighborhood organizations to host free events and educational or social
1844:
The Living building challenge has appeared in a publication from the
Seattle Department of Construction and Inspections on Seattle's Climate Strategies. According to the publication, these programs allow developers to "request additional departures from the Seattle Land Use Code through Design
1621:
Partnership, architect; PAE Consulting
Engineers, mechanical and electrical engineering; DCI Engineers, structural engineering; RDH Group, envelope engineering; Haley and Aldrich, geotechnical engineering; Springline, civil engineering; 2020 Engineering, water supply and reuse systems; Solar Design
984:
The project contains a low flow faucet, a low flow valve, a compostable toilet, and a UV filter for rainwater. The building is also raised off the ground with footings in order for proper stormwater infiltration. A variance was awarded by the State of
Massachusetts Board of Plumbers and Gas Fitters
636:
The handbooks provide a source of consolidated and clarified rules for meeting the imperatives. They are updated continuously based on new
Dialogue posts and innovations made by new Living Building Challenge projects. They are used as reference tools but recommended in conjunction with the Dialogue
229:
aims to change society's mindset in which property ownership allows owners to externalize negative environmental impacts onto others. This is done by creating spaces where people of all capabilities, disabilities, ages, and economic status have equal access. It also requires that the project must
1848:
In many cases, projects have to request variances or alternative compliance pathways for building codes due to their design choices for the Living
Building Challenge. Regulators often require evidence of the proposed performance of the new or innovative materials and technologies LBC project use,
1087:
The layout of the project promotes openness and awareness for the occupants. Visitors in one room can look outside and into other rooms encouraging connections with nature and others. The views outside the windows look onto the gardens, water filtration equipment storage, and waste storage areas,
610:
In order for a project to achieve certification, it needs to be registered and a registration fee has to be paid according to its typology. The project team then continues documentation for the certification and operation and occupancy for at least 12 consecutive months. During this occupancy and
151:
have designers analyze the location of a site and the impacts the construction will have on the nearby environment and society before being built and during its operation. It focuses on creating a connected community that is more pedestrian focused, protecting and restoring existing nature, and
601:
To receive this certification projects must achieve at least four imperatives, "Limits to Growth", "Net
Positive Energy" (reduced to one hundred percent), "Beauty + Spirit", and "Inspiration + Education". The Net Positive Energy imperative's requirements are changed from producing 105% of the
114:
The end goal of the Living
Building Challenge is to encourage the creation of a regenerative built environment. The challenge is an attempt "to raise the bar for building standards from doing less harm to contributing positively to the environment." It "acts to rapidly diminish the gap between
627:
Only members of registered Living Building Challenge projects can access The Dialogue. It is an online platform that provides a direct path of communication between project teams and the International Living Future Institute's technical staff. Teams can asks questions concerning imperatives,
574:
This is a certification that is awarded to a project if it achieves at least 3 complete petals (with all of the petal's applicable imperatives) out of the 7 total petals. One of the 3 completed petals must be the Energy, Water, or Materials petal. In addition, regardless of completed petals,
246:
Certification is based on actual, rather than modeled or anticipated, performance. Therefore, projects must be operational for at least 12 consecutive months prior to evaluation. Types of projects which can be certified include but are not limited to existing or new buildings, single-family
1014:
A high-efficiency Zhender energy recovery ventilation (ERV) system is installed in the space. The ERV pulls outside air into its air exchanger and is filtered, its temperature and humidity is then changed to match indoor thermal conditions to maximize indoor thermal comfort for occupants.
143:
Living Building Challenge comprises seven performance areas: site, water, energy, health and happiness, materials, equity and beauty. Each performance area has its own intention and are subdivided into a total of twenty Imperatives, each of which focuses on a specific sphere of influence:
236:
focuses on encouraging project teams to put in genuine and thoughtful efforts into beautifying the project. Although beauty is not subjectively defined in the framework, it is stressed that beauty should be a goal in order to inspire and elevate the lives of the occupants, visitors, and
927:, Boston, MA, USA, is an example of a certified Living (full certification) project. Certified in 2016, the dojo serves as a multi-purpose space for community members to host educational events, fitness classes, or just gather to eat or celebrate. The project employs technology such as
975:
The site already exists between two major subway stations, is near multiple bus routes, and near a park containing a bicycle network and pedestrian paths. An additional pedestrian pathway runs through the project's property, encouraging connections to local schools and commerce.
1108:
Over 100 project teams are pursuing the Challenge, most of which have officially registered with the Institute. As of February 2023 twenty-five buildings have been certified as Living Buildings. Below is a list of some of the projects pursuing or certified under the Challenge.
877:
It was reported in April 2016 that a total of 331 registered Living Building Challenge projects yielded a total of 14.1 million square feet of registered total floor area. According to the International Living Future Institute, as of May 2017 there are 380 registered projects.
1213:
Bruner/Cott Architects; Wright Builders, Inc.; Integrated Eco Strategy; Berkshire Design Group; Marc Rosenbaum; Kalin Associates, Inc.; PV Squared; Crocker Communications; Kohler & Lewis Engineers; R.W. Sullivan Engineering; Lewis Lighting Design; Richard Burke Associates
270:
Note: All imperatives are required unless "not required" is listed in the cell. If a project has scale jumping applicable for an imperative, the imperative is still required. Scale Jumping allows multiple buildings or projects to operate in a cooperative state – sharing
1096:
The Dojo has educational signage in the building which explains the Living Building Challenge features used in the design. The dojo also hosts a celebration "Village Week" annually to bring together the community and encourage resiliency and inter-community support.
260:
This is full certification where projects have achieved all imperatives applicable to their typology (see Table 1 for this breakdown). Projects must meet all assigned Imperatives and have proven performance through at least 12 consecutive months of operation.
1144:
Architect: Architectural Nexus; Civil Engineer: Warren Consulting Engineers; Landscape Architect: Architectural Nexus; Structural Engineer: Miyamoto; MEP Engineers: Glumac, ACCO Engineered Systems, Royal Electric; General Contractor: MarketOne Builders
98:. It can be applied to development at all scales, from buildings—both in new constructions and renovations—to infrastructure, landscapes, neighborhoods, both urban and rural communities, and differs from other green certification schemes such as
2790:
Eisenberg, David, et al. Code, Regulatory and Systemic Barriers Affecting Living Building Projects. Edited by Jason McLennan, Cascadia Region Green Building Council, 2009, Code, Regulatory and Systemic Barriers Affecting Living Building
158:
addresses the scarcity of water. A certified building is required to be designed to only use the amount of water that can be harvested onsite and purify the water without the use of chemicals. Projects achieving this petal often employ
673:. McLennan brought the program to Cascadia when he became its CEO in 2006. The International Living Building Institute was created of and by Cascadia in May 2009 to oversee the Living Building Challenge and its auxiliary programs.
1249:
Chazen, Conservation Design Forum, Tipping-Mar + Associates, BNIM Architects, BGR Consulting Engineers, Planet Reuse, Natural Systems International (now Biohabitats), John Todd Ecological Design, David Sember Construction
1023:
The design of the whole building was inspired by the three old oaks located on the site. The large windows allow for the views of the oaks to infiltrate the space while the wooden floors and interior bring in nature.
218:
chemical use, and large embodied energy use. The goal is to push the industry towards transparency and transform extraction and production practices. This is done by requiring projects to avoid all materials on the
1231:
designLAB Architects; Wright Builders, Inc.; Integrated Eco Strategy; Buro Happold Engineering; Berkshire Design Group; Dobbert Heating and Air Conditioning; PV Squared; Crocker Communications; Ichthys IT Services
1040:
A large amount of the project was built with salvaged materials from on-site, reclaimed surplus materials from the construction process, and materials from the owner's deconstructed family residence in Newton, MA.
1005:
Operable windows allow for fresh air and daylight to enter the space. It is also required for visitors to take off their shoes on the entryway matt to help improve indoor air quality and cleanliness in the space.
2763:
Torgelson, Nathan. "Living Building & 2030 Challenge Pilots." Seattle Department of Construction and Inspections, 2018, www.seattle.gov/sdci/permits/green-building/living -building-and-2030-challenge-pilots.
173:
focuses on the reduction and efficiency of energy by requiring the building to produce on-site 105% of the energy it needs year round. It also aims to shift the grid the building is connected to towards more
275:
as appropriate and allowing for Living Building, Site or Community status to be achieved as elegantly and efficiently as possible. This table is updated to reflect Living Building Challenge Version 3.1.
2781:
Hossaini, Navid, et al. "Spatial Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment: a Conceptual Framework for Net-Zero Buildings." Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, vol. 17, no. 8, 2015, pp. 2243–2253.
1717:
1070:
All materials were kept on-site until it was determined to be not of use and a full load of waste was generated. Materials were sorted and stored to encourage reuse and salvaging for the builders.
1162:
Architect: Bohlin Cywinski Jackson; Civil Engineer: H.F. Lenz Co.; Landscape Architect: La Quatra Bonci Associates; Structural Engineer: Barber & Hoffman; Construction Manager: PJ Dick
94:
International Living Future Institute. It is described by the Institute as a philosophy, advocacy tool and certification program that promotes the measurement of sustainability in the
959:
Four raised soil beds were created from salvaged and local materials. One of the plots is offered to neighbors as a free community plot while the others grow vegetables and fruit.
1267:
Grimes Consulting, Williams Creek Consulting, Lewisites, ASDG, LLC, Hellmuth + Bicknese Architects, Solutions AEC, Clivis Multrum, Straight Up Solar, Bingman Construction Company
1355:
Land Development Solutions, Fulcrum Engineering, Toby Long Design, Rick Miller, Occidental Power, Eckman Environmental, John Todd Ecological, Helix Wind Power, Warm Floors
628:
clarifications, temporary exceptions, among other information, and see answers from the staff. The questions and responses help mold future versions of the certification.
997:, electric radiant heating, an energy recovery ventilator, among other aspects all reduce energy consumption allowing the building to function net positive for energy.
2772:
Eisenberg, David A. "Transforming Building Regulatory Systems to Address Climate Change." Building Research & Information, vol. 44, no. 5-6, 2016, pp. 468–473.
32:
1053:
was purchased from the Sterritt Lumber Company. Other salvaged materials and wood was bought from Boston Building Resources, a charitable nonprofit company.
2814:
2367:
2884:
619:
Since the design and certification process of a building can bring up many questions and obstacles, there are multiple streams of access for guidance.
188:, thermal comfort, visual comfort, and integration of nature in order to increase the quality of human health and productivity. Projects often employ
2869:
649:
facilitation by the institute, and LBC collaboratives, where members from different LBC projects can discuss their work and learn from each other.
598:"One hundred percent of the building's energy needs on a net annual basis must be supplied by on-site renewable energy. No combustion is allowed."
1529:
2132:
1879:
1397:
Hastings + Chivetta Architects, Hellmuth + Bicknese Architects, Messer Construction, Davis & Plomin Mechanical, CMTA Consulting Engineers
1857:
Some criticisms from the field include the standard's need for more guidance for teams, the subjectiveness of some imperatives, the need for
99:
2466:
2919:
198:
focus on eliminating the use of construction materials that have adverse environmental, health, and social impacts. These impacts include
942:
See the table below for descriptions of some of the project team's actions in order to comply with the project's applicable imperatives.
47:
1931:
582:
The headquarters for the David and Lucille Packard Foundation located in Los Altos, California is a certified Net Zero Energy building.
2489:
Berkebile, Bob, and Jason McLennan. 1999. The Living Building. The World and I magazine. Washington, DC: Washington Times Publication.
1622:
Associates, solar technology; BRC Acoustics & Technology Consulting, acoustical engineering; Bush Roes & Hitchings, surveying
2899:
890:
The Institute is the umbrella organization for the Living Building Challenge and the Cascadia Green Building Council, along with
2391:
2874:
2849:
993:
A nearby off-site PV array provided the site with 5,030 kwh of energy in 2015. Technology such as a super insulated envelope,
2894:
2292:
2909:
2628:
2066:"Living Building Challenge: Water Petal | Office of Campus Sustainability | Georgia Institute of Technology | Atlanta, GA"
1804:
645:
Other sources of technical assistance include webcasts and workshops hosted by the International Living Future Institute,
2157:
115:
current limits and the end-game positive solutions we seek" by challenging architects, contractors, and building owners.
2427:
2211:
1980:
2580:
2108:
1905:
1284:
C.N. Ryzuk, Kris Dick, Building Alternatives, Byron Merriam (A-Tech Plumbing), Mike Isbrucker (Alternative Electric)
69:
2403:
2342:
2026:
1079:
gatherings. Operational emissions are minimal and one tree was relocated to prevent shading on a neighbor's yard.
2889:
51:
2186:
2914:
2904:
2879:
994:
844:
662:
1335:
Belt Collins Hawaii Ltd., Walter Vorfeld & Associates, Flansburgh Architects, Hakalau Engineering, LLC,
792:
131:
The Living Building Challenge employs the use of a flower metaphor for the framework. According to founder
1806:
1414:
Andropogon Associates, Ann Rothmann, Re:Vision Architecture, M2 Architecture, AKF Engineers, Biohabitats
967:
The project partnered with the New England Forestry Foundation to create an offset for habitat exchange.
932:
658:
657:
The Living Building Challenge was launched by the Cascadia Green Building Council (a chapter of both the
220:
2604:
2065:
1545:
Jim Pattison Centre of Excellence in Sustainable Building Technologies and Renewable Energy Conservation
2526:
1681:
127:
The representation of a flower with seven petals is used for the Living Building Challenge's framework.
1887:
1377:
1032:
All materials and products used on the project were researched in depth to avoid red list materials.
2844:
867:
767:
The International Living Building Institute was renamed the International Living Future Institute.
578:
39:
1713:
266:
The table below shows the breakdown of each petal and each building type's required imperatives:
2089:
91:
1721:
167:
or closed-loop systems, compostable toilets, and other techniques to reduce and recycle water.
123:
1431:
Andropogon Associates, Atlantic Engineering, The Design Alliance, CJL Engineering, evolveEA
1301:
Opsis Architecture, Sustainable Development Inc., Spectra Construction, Tanner Creek Energy
2739:
272:
87:
845:
Figure 1: Number of Registered Living Building Challenge Projects worldwide from 2006-2017
735:
The International Living Building Institute is formed by Cascadia Green Building Council.
8:
2455:, vol. Water Handbook, International Living Future Institute, May 2017, pp. 1–2
1858:
1489:
1463:
structural engineers, StructureCraft timber design-builders, Ledcor Construction Limited
1456:
1448:
160:
2502:
2109:"How health factors into green building rating systems: Living Building Challenge - AIA"
1376:, RADA, Hughes Condon Marler, Cobalt Engineering, Ledcor Construction Limited (part of
1088:
reminding occupants of where their nutrients are coming from and where they are going.
203:
185:
1986:
1976:
1506:
666:
592:
132:
95:
2316:
1973:
The living building challenge : roots and rise of the world's greenest standard
910:
602:
building's energy consumption, to 100% so it is only net zero and not net positive.
279:
2716:
2133:"Living Building at Georgia Tech: Designing and Operating for Health and Happiness"
1700:
1562:
1452:
939:, energy recovery ventilator, composting toilets, solar energy, and a living roof.
891:
189:
175:
2824:
2467:"How to Succeed with the Living Building Challenge: 12 Teams Share Tips (sidebar)"
1849:
which create further obstacles and documentation requirements from project teams.
863:
1670:
1533:
575:
imperatives "Limits to Growth" and "Inspiration and Education" must be achieved.
2187:"Using Salvaged Materials to Meet the Living Building Challenge Materials Petal"
2819:
2253:
1709:
1603:
1050:
43:
2165:
591:
The certification and International Living Future Institute's definition of a
2863:
2653:
1990:
928:
924:
902:
211:
2691:
2550:
2239:, vol. 3, International Living Building Institute, 2016, pp. 58–61
2054:, vol. 3, International Living Building Institute, 2016, pp. 22–27
906:
Exterior view of the Old Oak Dojo located in Jamaica Plain, Boston, MA, USA.
192:, daylighting, operable windows, and other techniques to achieve this petal.
1726:
1336:
936:
207:
2804:
2581:"Prior Versions of the Living Building Challenge Standard | Living Future"
2012:, vol. 3, International Living Building Institute, 2016, pp. 1–6
1488:, Quantum Engineers, Rushing, 2020 Engineers, Smalling Civil Engineering,
230:
not disturb another site's access to sunlight, fresh air, and clean water.
1776:
1764:
1740:
1736:
1618:
1558:
1460:
1373:
2680:, vol. 3, International Living Building Institute, 2016, p. 14
2281:, vol. 3, International Living Building Institute, 2016, p. 21
1771:; Geotechnical-Professional Service Industries, Inc.; Interior Designer-
1803:
Heapy Engineering, LWC, Thor Construction, Cope Environmental Center,
862:
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on
2825:
Comprehensive Assessment System for Building Environmental Efficiency
646:
199:
164:
2158:"Hampshire College Defies Amenities Arms Race with R.W. Kern Center"
2854:
2820:
ASHRAE Standard for the Design of High Performance, Green Buildings
1772:
1732:
1695:
SmithGroupJJR, WPL, Hourigan Construction, Skanska, Janet Harrison
2605:"The Living Building Challenge | The Buckminster Fuller Institute"
2503:"A Brief History of The Living Building Challenge | Living Future"
1768:
2845:
Building Research Establishment's Environmental Assessment Method
2692:"FAQ | International Living Future Institute | Living-Future.org"
2551:"FAQ | International Living Future Institute | Living-Future.org"
1748:
1537:
1481:
280:
Table 1: Breakdown of required imperatives for project typologies
2809:
1780:
719:
Cascadia announces the Living Building Challenge at Greenbuild.
676:
1932:"Beyond LEED and BREAM: The Living Building Challenge – Part 1"
1784:
1512:
Nye Architecture LLC, TM Rippey Associates, Colas Construction
827:
The 300th project registers for the Living Building Challenge.
775:
The 100th project registers for the Living Building Challenge.
103:
2839:
2829:
2027:"Understanding the Living Building Challenge and Its "Petals""
1760:
819:
The 200th project register for the Living Building Challenge.
184:
focuses on improving on the source of health problems such as
2254:"Living Building Challenge Certification | Living-Future.org"
215:
2091:
Living Building Challenge: Energy Petal Implementation Guide
1744:
2428:"What's New With the Living Building Challenge? | Trim Tab"
1752:
670:
835:
Living Building Challenge Version 3.1 is published.
783:
Living Building Challenge Version 2.1 is published.
711:
McLennan becomes CEO of Cascadia Green Building Council.
2834:
2368:"Twitter brings the Living Building Challenge to the UK"
1756:
1661:
Mission Zero House / Kelly & Matt Grocoff Residence]
1179:
Black River Design, Architects; Integrated Eco Strategy
881:
1617:
Point32, developer; Schuchart, general contractor; The
1586:
Robert Bateman Centre for Art + Environmental Education
1561:, AME Consulting Group, Applied Engineering Solutions,
1485:
703:
McLennan begins to write the Living Building Standard.
695:
McLennan & Berkebile publish "The Living Building"
1701:
The Kendeda Building for Innovative Sustainable Design
2212:"Equity and the Living Building Challenge | Trim Tab"
1877:
1318:
Mosaic Family of Companies, Manasc Isaac Architects
1159:
City of Pittsburgh and Pittsburgh Parks Conservancy
803:
Net Zero Energy Building Certification is released.
751:
Living Building Challenge Version 2.0 is published.
743:
Living Building Challenge Version 1.3 is published.
727:
Living Building Challenge Version 1.2 is published.
50:, and by adding encyclopedic content written from a
1557:CEI Architecture, True Consulting Group, Site 360,
811:Living Building Challenge Version 3.0 is released.
1526:Green Building Services, Portland State University
1970:
1196:Ashley-McGraw, Architects; Binghamton University
2861:
2815:PNNL Sustainable Building Rating Systems Summary
2629:"Net Zero Energy is dead, long live Zero Energy"
759:The first 3 projects earn Living certification.
586:
255:
2717:"Living Building Challenge « Old Oak Dojo"
2654:"Living Building Challenge 3.0 | Living Future"
2317:"Zero Energy Certification | Living-Future.org"
887:culturally rich and ecologically restorative.
614:
2810:International Living Future Institute website
2343:"Living Building Challenge Certification 101"
677:The Evolution of the Living Building Standard
90:certification program created in 2006 by the
1878:Roddy Scheer; Doug Moss (January 6, 2013).
791:The Living Building Challenge receives the
1636:JSCY (Jasper Sustainability Club for Youth
1627:Jasper Junior Senior High Living Classroom
2885:Sustainable building in the United States
2840:Green Globes assessment and rating system
1436:VanDusen Botanical Garden Visitors Center
250:
70:Learn how and when to remove this message
2870:2006 establishments in the United States
1899:
1897:
1839:
1468:Bertschi School Living Science Classroom
1428:Phipps Conseratory and Botanical Gardens
909:
901:
577:
122:
2365:
2359:
2297:The David and Lucile Packard Foundation
1676:THRIVE, BLUElab University of Michigan
640:
152:encouraging a healthy level of density.
2862:
1923:
1903:
637:since they are not always up to date.
605:
569:
31:contains content that is written like
2744:International Living Future Institute
2734:
2732:
2696:International Living Future Institute
2575:
2573:
2571:
2555:International Living Future Institute
2497:
2495:
2321:International Living Future Institute
2258:International Living Future Institute
2248:
2246:
1894:
1445:VanDusen Botanical Garden Association
1323:Hawaii Preparatory Academy Energy Lab
1184:Binghamton University Nuthatch Hollow
882:International Living Future Institute
2340:
2021:
2019:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1966:
1964:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1952:
1936:Archinect: Sustainable Design Weekly
1812:Sustainable Building Research Centre
1689:certified: Living, and LEED Platinum
1228:Hitchcock Center for the Environment
1219:Hitchcock Center for the Environment
848:
138:
15:
2920:Sustainable building rating systems
1929:
1237:Omega Center for Sustainable Living
1103:
1075:Universal Access to Nature + Place
507:Universal Access to Nature + Place
13:
2740:"Old Oak Dojo | Living-Future.org"
2729:
2568:
2527:"Jason of Cascadia: Green Warrior"
2492:
2243:
1718:Georgia Audubon Wildlife Sanctuary
1667:Certified Net Zero Energy Building
1352:Literacy for Environmental Justice
1167:Class of 1966 Environmental Center
631:
118:
14:
2931:
2805:Living Building Challenge website
2798:
2366:Hartman, Hattie (15 March 2013).
2016:
1997:
1971:Thomas, Mary Adam (11 May 2016).
1949:
1419:Center for Sustainable Landscapes
918:
2900:Environment of the United States
1579:Phinney Neighborhood Association
935:in the floor, operable windows,
853:
20:
2784:
2775:
2766:
2757:
2709:
2684:
2670:
2646:
2621:
2597:
2543:
2519:
2483:
2459:
2445:
2420:
2396:
2385:
2334:
2309:
2285:
2271:
2229:
2204:
2179:
2150:
2125:
2101:
2097:, DLR Group, 2016, pp. 8–9
1880:"The Living Building Challenge"
1727:Georgia Institute of Technology
622:
2082:
2058:
2044:
1871:
1785:Sonja Bochart Wellbeing+Design
1343:EcoCenter at Heron's Head Park
897:
1:
2875:2006 establishments in Canada
1864:
1852:
1692:The Chesapeake Bay Foundation
1011:Healthy Interior Environment
663:Canada Green Building Council
587:Net Zero Energy Certification
409:Healthy Interior Environment
256:Living Building Certification
2895:Building thermal regulations
2164:. 2017-10-20. Archived from
1904:Starrs, Mel (13 July 2012).
1828:Tuhoe, Taneatua, New Zealand
1517:Oregon Sustainability Center
1255:Tyson Living Learning Center
1093:Inspiration & Education
985:for the compostable toilet.
914:Gardens at the Old Oak Dojo.
793:Buckminster Fuller Challenge
495:Human Scale + Humane Places
109:
7:
2910:Energy in the United States
2835:U.S. Green Building Council
2293:"Sustainability and Design"
1906:"Deepest green credentials"
1886:. EarthTalk. Archived from
1765:The Miller Hull Partnership
1737:The Miller Hull Partnership
1598:Iredale Group Architecture
1570:Phinney Neighborhood Center
1150:Frick Environmental Center
894:US and Ecotone Publishing.
659:U.S. Green Building Council
615:Resources for project teams
10:
2936:
2404:"Dialogue | Living Future"
1682:Brock Environmental Center
1540:Construction, Biohabitats
1332:Hawaii Preparatory Academy
1037:Embodied Carbon Footprint
652:
446:Embodied Carbon Footprint
312:
241:
2678:Living Building Challenge
2633:Living Building Chronicle
2279:Living Building Challenge
2237:Living Building Challenge
2052:Living Building Challenge
2010:Living Building Challenge
1800:Cope Environmental Center
1791:Cope Environmental Center
1769:Lighting Associates, Inc.
1722:Native Plant Habitat Gold
1411:Alice Ferguson Foundation
1402:Alice Ferguson Foundation
1385:Deep Green Residence Hall
1378:Ledcor Group of Companies
542:
491:
431:
393:
379:
363:
313:All imperatives required
306:
301:
299:Landscape+Infrastructure
298:
295:
292:
289:
286:
84:Living Building Challenge
2658:access.living-future.org
2585:access.living-future.org
2531:Healthy Building Network
2507:access.living-future.org
2453:LBC- 3.1 Petal Handbooks
2432:Trim Tab Online Magazine
2408:access.living-future.org
2216:Trim Tab Online Magazine
1058:Living Economy Sourcing
951:Action taken to achieve
557:Inspiration + Education
470:Living Economy Sourcing
2347:info.zehnderamerica.com
1783:; Biophilic Consultant-
1686:Virginia Beach, VA, USA
1650:certified: Energy Petal
1644:DeAs Z2 Design Facility
1630:Jasper, Alberta, Canada
1451:, landscape architect;
1369:Simon Fraser University
1315:Dennis and Christy Cuku
1298:Pringle Creek Community
1295:Certified: Energy Petal
394:Health & Happiness
2890:Building energy rating
1775:; Water & Ecology-
1755:; Structural Engineer-
1743:; MEP of Record-
1614:The Bullitt Foundation
1595:Royal Roads University
1346:San Francisco, CA, USA
1020:Biophilic Environment
1002:Civilized Environment
915:
907:
669:and Bob Berkebile, of
583:
421:Biophilic Environment
397:Civilized environment
251:Types of certification
128:
1840:LBC in building codes
1815:Wollongong, Australia
1739:; General Contractor-
1548:Penticton, BC, Canada
1439:Vancouver, BC, Canada
1264:Washington University
1193:Binghamton University
1170:Williamstown, MA, USA
1127:Project Team Members
1046:Responsible Industry
972:Human Powered Living
913:
905:
665:). It was created by
581:
519:Equitable Investment
459:Responsible Industry
351:Human-Powered Living
126:
52:neutral point of view
2915:Environmental design
2905:Building engineering
2880:Sustainable building
1794:Centerville, IN, USA
1747:; Collaborating MEP-
1589:Victoria, BC, Canada
1496:June Key Delta House
1459:energy consultants,
1455:Canada, architects;
1372:Space2Place Design,
1360:UniverCity Childcare
1309:Edmonton, AB, Canada
1275:Victoria, BC, Canada
1141:Architectural Nexus
1084:Beauty & Spirit
995:passive solar design
990:Net Positive Energy
923:The Old Oak Dojo in
641:Technical assistance
383:Net Positive Energy
273:green infrastructure
181:Health and happiness
88:sustainable building
86:is an international
2372:Architects' Journal
2162:Make Buildings Last
2137:www.hpbmagazine.org
1859:life cycle analysis
1490:Morrison Hershfield
1457:Morrison Hershfield
1449:Cornelia Oberlander
1422:Pittsburgh, PA, USA
1363:Burnaby, BC, Canada
1187:Binghamton, NY, USA
1067:Net Positive Waste
981:Net Positive Water
606:Certification steps
570:Petal Certification
532:JUST Organizations
481:Net Positive Waste
367:Net Positive Water
161:rainwater catchment
44:promotional content
2855:The 2030 Challenge
2341:DeTorres, Dustin.
2191:www.hourigan.group
2070:sustain.gatech.edu
2031:www.hourigan.group
1767:; Lighting Design-
1745:Newcomb & Boyd
1664:Ann Arbor, MI, USA
1653:Z2 Design Facility
1536:, GBD Architects,
1240:Rhinebeck, NY, USa
1210:Hampshire College
1207:certified: Living
1156:certified: Living
1138:certified: Living
956:Urban Agriculture
916:
908:
584:
324:Urban Agriculture
204:resource depletion
186:indoor air quality
129:
46:and inappropriate
2392:guidance and help
1910:Building magazine
1837:
1836:
1831:Certified: Living
1818:Certified: Living
1773:Lord Aeck Sargent
1763:; LBC Consultant-
1751:; Civil Engineer-
1733:Lord Aeck Sargent
1705:Atlanta, GA, USA
1647:San Jose, CA, USA
1611:certified: Living
1520:Portland, OR, USA
1507:Delta Sigma Theta
1499:Portland, OR, USA
1474:certified: Living
1425:certified: Living
1408:certified: Living
1405:Accokeek, MD, USA
1329:certified: Living
1306:The Mosaic Centre
1261:certified: Living
1243:certified: Living
1225:certified: Living
1204:Amherst, MA, USA
1201:R.W. Kern Center
1101:
1100:
964:Habitat Exchange
875:
874:
839:
838:
667:Jason F. McLennan
593:net zero building
567:
566:
338:Habitat Exchange
310:Limits to Growth
139:Performance areas
133:Jason F. McLennan
96:built environment
80:
79:
72:
2927:
2792:
2788:
2782:
2779:
2773:
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2062:
2056:
2055:
2048:
2042:
2041:
2039:
2038:
2033:. April 11, 2014
2023:
2014:
2013:
2006:
1995:
1994:
1968:
1947:
1946:
1944:
1942:
1927:
1921:
1920:
1918:
1916:
1901:
1892:
1891:
1875:
1753:Long Engineering
1714:LEED Platinum v4
1608:Seattle, WA, USA
1573:Seattle, WA, USA
1563:PCL Construction
1554:Okanagan College
1523:pre-construction
1484:, GeoEngineers,
1480:KMD Architects,
1471:Seattle, WA, USA
1453:Perkins and Will
1326:Kamuela, HI, USA
1281:Ann + Gord Baird
1278:certified: Petal
1222:Amherst, MA, USA
1176:Williams College
1173:certified: Petal
1112:
1111:
1104:Notable projects
945:
944:
892:The Natural Step
857:
856:
849:
681:
680:
546:Beauty + Spirit
284:
283:
190:biophilic design
176:renewable energy
75:
68:
64:
61:
55:
33:an advertisement
24:
23:
16:
2935:
2934:
2930:
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2859:
2850:GBTool Overview
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2196:
2194:
2193:. April 1, 2014
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2017:
2008:
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1914:
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1902:
1895:
1876:
1872:
1867:
1855:
1842:
1671:Matthew Grocoff
1639:KMD Architects
1534:SERA Architects
1477:Bertschi School
1258:Eureka, MO, USA
1246:Omega Institute
1153:Pittsburgh, PA
1135:Sacramento, CA
1132:Arch Nexus SAC
1124:Owner/Developer
1106:
933:radiant heating
921:
900:
884:
871:
858:
854:
847:
841:
679:
655:
643:
634:
632:Petal handbooks
625:
617:
608:
589:
572:
282:
264:
258:
253:
244:
141:
121:
119:Flower metaphor
112:
76:
65:
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37:
25:
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5:
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2799:External links
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2015:
1996:
1982:978-0997236811
1981:
1948:
1930:Leedham, Amy.
1922:
1893:
1890:on 2015-09-23.
1869:
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1779:; Life Safety-
1729:
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1604:Bullitt Center
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1051:certified wood
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929:water cisterns
920:
919:Example of use
917:
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872:
861:
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846:
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824:November 2015
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749:
748:November 2009
745:
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721:
720:
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716:November 2006
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525:Scale Jumping
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48:external links
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2471:BuildingGreen
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2192:
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2182:
2168:on 2019-03-29
2167:
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2159:
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2139:. August 2017
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1749:PAE Engineers
1746:
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1725:
1723:
1719:
1716:; LEED Zero;
1715:
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60:December 2018
53:
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29:This article
27:
18:
17:
2786:
2777:
2768:
2759:
2748:. Retrieved
2746:. 2016-10-19
2743:
2720:. Retrieved
2711:
2700:. Retrieved
2698:. 2016-11-08
2695:
2686:
2677:
2672:
2661:. Retrieved
2657:
2648:
2637:. Retrieved
2635:. 2017-05-31
2632:
2623:
2612:. Retrieved
2608:
2599:
2588:. Retrieved
2584:
2559:. Retrieved
2557:. 2016-11-08
2554:
2545:
2534:. Retrieved
2530:
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2510:. Retrieved
2506:
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2474:. Retrieved
2470:
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2447:
2436:. Retrieved
2434:. 2016-06-08
2431:
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2346:
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2323:. 2016-11-30
2320:
2311:
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2296:
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2273:
2262:. Retrieved
2260:. 2016-11-04
2257:
2236:
2231:
2220:. Retrieved
2218:. 2015-12-15
2215:
2206:
2195:. Retrieved
2190:
2181:
2170:. Retrieved
2166:the original
2161:
2152:
2141:. Retrieved
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2035:. Retrieved
2030:
2009:
1972:
1939:. Retrieved
1935:
1925:
1913:. Retrieved
1909:
1888:the original
1883:
1873:
1856:
1847:
1843:
1797:Construction
1759:; Landscape-
1741:Skanska, USA
1502:construction
1337:Buro Happold
1312:construction
1107:
941:
937:stack effect
922:
889:
885:
876:
840:
740:August 2009
656:
644:
635:
626:
623:The Dialogue
618:
609:
600:
597:
590:
573:
293:Communities
290:Imperatives
269:
265:
263:
259:
245:
208:habitat loss
142:
130:
113:
83:
81:
66:
57:
42:by removing
38:Please help
30:
2830:Energy Star
2609:www.bfi.org
2113:www.aia.org
1777:Biohabitats
1731:Architects-
1708:Certified:
1619:Miller Hull
948:Imperative
898:Application
864:Phabricator
764:April 2011
724:April 2007
302:Renovation
2864:Categories
2750:2018-12-10
2722:2018-12-10
2702:2018-12-09
2663:2018-12-09
2639:2018-12-09
2614:2018-12-09
2590:2018-12-08
2561:2018-12-08
2536:2018-12-08
2512:2018-12-08
2476:2018-12-09
2438:2018-12-09
2413:2018-12-09
2352:2018-12-09
2327:2018-12-09
2302:2018-12-10
2264:2018-12-09
2222:2018-12-08
2197:2018-12-09
2172:2018-12-08
2143:2018-12-09
2118:2018-12-08
2075:2018-12-09
2037:2018-12-08
1865:References
1853:Criticisms
1761:Andropogon
1565:Westcoast
1559:Fast + Epp
1461:Fast + Epp
1374:Fast + Epp
788:June 2012
756:Fall 2010
432:Materials
237:neighbors.
163:cisterns,
92:non-profit
40:improve it
2791:Projects.
1991:959276262
1757:Uzun+Case
1272:Eco-Sense
1029:Red List
816:May 2014
808:May 2014
780:May 2012
732:May 2009
708:May 2006
647:charrette
435:Red List
296:Building
200:pollution
195:Materials
165:greywater
110:Intention
2377:22 April
1941:22 April
1915:22 April
1673:/ THRIVE
1551:occupied
1509:sorority
1442:occupied
1391:occupied
1366:occupied
1349:occupied
1118:Location
221:Red List
1710:LBC 3.1
1538:Skanska
1482:Skanska
1115:Project
866:and on
653:History
543:Beauty
492:Equity
380:Energy
287:Petals
242:Process
1989:
1979:
1656:IDeAs
1633:design
1592:design
1576:design
1190:design
1121:Status
687:Event
684:Dates
364:Water
307:Place
233:Beauty
226:Equity
170:Energy
104:BREEAM
2095:(PDF)
832:2016
800:2013
700:2005
216:toxic
155:Water
148:Place
2379:2013
1987:OCLC
1977:ISBN
1943:2013
1917:2013
1735:and
1486:GGLO
1049:FSC
671:BNIM
661:and
595:as:
100:LEED
82:The
102:or
2866::
2742:.
2731:^
2694:.
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2018:^
1999:^
1985:.
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1951:^
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1908:.
1896:^
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1993:.
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870:.
178:.
73:)
67:(
62:)
58:(
54:.
36:.
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