Lord's Resistance Army

1708:, the AU's special envoy on the LRA, Francisco Madeira, said that while the Congo DR had not sent supporting troops, it had made some other unnamed support. "We need more support, I don't have to elaborate on these because my predecessor has done this so well. We need support in terms of means of transport, communication, medicine, combat rations and uniforms for the troops tracking the LRA. This is particularly important and critical and most urgent for the central African troops who handed over their contingent despite the challenges facing them." Ugandan Defence Minister Chrispus Kiyonga said: "We are yet to fully agree on how this troops will operate because now they are going to be one force, a regional task force with its commander. There are two concepts: There are people who think that the SPLA should only work on the side of Sudan, that the army of the Central African Republic should only work there ...but there is the other concept that some of us support, that once there is one unified force, co-ordinated force then it should go wherever Kony is. We think that way, it will be more effective." He added that the newest intelligence reports at the time has suggested the LRA then had only 200 guns and numbered about 500 people, including women and children. 1674:, at a cost of approximately $ 4.5 million per month. Human Rights Watch welcomed the deployment, which they had previously advocated for, and Obama said that the deployment did not need explicit approval from the U.S. Congress, as the 2010 Lord's Resistance Army Disarmament and Northern Uganda Recovery Act already authorised "increased, comprehensive U.S. efforts to help mitigate and eliminate the threat posed by the LRA to civilians and regional stability". The military advisors will be armed, and will provide assistance and advice, but "will not themselves engage LRA forces unless necessary for self-defense." As of 2015, the United States provided support for military efforts, notably by the 997: 647: 1304:

most top leadership in Uganda hailed from the north between 1962 and 1985. This marginalisation, deliberate or otherwise, with the adverse consequences of the war, has resulted in disparate poverty levels in northern Uganda, for the most part of the NRM's 20 plus years' rule. Although poverty at times may be treated as an escalating factor that creates resentment in society, its role in the conflict in northern Uganda is part and parcel of the underlying structural factors. The Poverty Status Report, 2003, indicates that "one-third of the chronically poor (30.1%) and a disproportionate moving into poverty are from northern Uganda".

462: 362: 142: 474: 375: 486: 635:. Despite allegations of brutality, groups like the LRA seek international recognition, framing their actions as self-defense and resistance against government injustices. The conflict has also profoundly impacted Acholi society, disrupting education, fracturing traditional family structures, and precipitating forced migration, contributing to a cultural erosion. Amidst complex geopolitical dynamics and international scrutiny, towards a future marked by stability and autonomy within a 497: 178: 450: 335: 45: 270: 438: 322: 348: 509: 1313:

country and that this had happened because of their alleged domination of the armed forces. The determination was that this 'domination' of politics in Uganda by the 'northerners' was no longer acceptable and had to end. This suggested that until that objective of removing the 'northerners' from power had been achieved and all threats from those quarters removed, the war in the north had to continue.

921: 81: 1697:, South Sudan to take control of the fight against the LRA. The goal of the project was to co-ordinate efforts against the group by the ongoing operations conducted by the states of Uganda, South Sudan, the Democratic Republic of Congo and the Central African Republic. However, some fear that these armies are looting resources in the region. The civilians have reported 1527:, brigade commander of the Sania Brigade of the LRA. The four LRA leaders were charged with crimes against humanity and war crimes, including murder, rape, and sexual slavery. Ongwen was the only of the four not charged with recruiting child soldiers. The warrants were filed under seal; public redacted versions were released on 13 October 2005. 1258: 811:(NRA) government forces, in particular, former members of the Federal Democratic Movement (FEDEMO), were known for their lack of discipline and brutal actions meant that the civilian population was accused of supporting the rebel LRA; likewise, the rebels accused the population of supporting the government army. 1462:. Abou Moussa, the UN envoy in the region, said in March 2012 that the LRA was believed to have dwindled to between 200 and 700 followers but still remained a threat: "The most important thing is that no matter how little the LRA may be, it still constitutes a danger they continue to attack and create havoc." 1587:

forces before ultimately entering into custody of the ICC. Ongwen made his first appearance before the ICC on 26 January 2015. In a trial that lasted between 6 December 2016 to 12 March 2020, 4,095 victims were granted the right to participate and represented in court. In February 2021, the ICC found

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in the history of Uganda. This created a great deal of concern in the Acholi community, as well as a strong desire for formidable leadership and protection. As the conflict has progressed, fewer and fewer Acholi offered sufficient support to the rebels in the eyes of the LRA. This led to an increased

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The LRA is a consequence of an ethnic-oriented war that was initiated by the NRM/A in Luwero Triangle against the 'northerners'. This was fuelled by the belief on the part of the leadership of the NRM/A that Uganda politics had since political independence been 'dominated' by the 'northerners' in the

1534:

The indictments received warm praise within the international community. However, the Acholi people showed mixed reactions. Many felt that amnesty for the LRA soldiers and a negotiated settlement was the best hope for the end of the war. In the end, the court's intent to prosecute the leaders of the

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This cynical strategy, some argue, was deeply rooted and employed in Luwero triangle by the NRM/A rebels during their five-year-bush war in order to garner popular support, while in essence, their real underlying drive was "unique greed for absolute political power" in total abhorrence of democratic

814:

In March 1991, the Ugandan government's NRA started Operation North, which combined efforts to destroy the LRA, while cutting away its roots of support among the population through heavy-handed tactics. As part of Operation North, the army created the "Arrow Groups", village guards mostly armed with

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These were the first warrants issued by the ICC since it was established in 2002. Details of the warrants were sent to the three countries where the LRA is active: Uganda, Sudan (the LRA was active in what is now South Sudan), and the Democratic Republic of Congo. The LRA leadership has long stated

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In 2007, the government of Uganda claimed that the LRA had only 500 or 1,000 soldiers in total, but other sources estimated that there could have been as many as 3,000 soldiers, along with about 1,500 women and children. By 2011, unofficial estimates were in the range of 300 to 400 combatants, with

1303:

The strong imbalance in the level of development and investment between Eastern & Northern Uganda on the one side, and Central & Western Uganda on the other perceived as the land of milk and honey, is a clear manifestation of economic marginalisation of the region, in spite of the fact that

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argued that "he reason why the LRA continues is that its victims – the civilian population of the area – trust neither the LRA nor government forces." He believes that "a Ugandan political solution" ("political process"), rather than "military mobilisation" and international "escalation", was what

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would later preach a similar superstition, encouraging soldiers to use oil to draw a cross on their chest as protection from bullets. During a later interview, however, Alice Lakwena distanced herself from Kony, claiming that the Spirit does not want soldiers to kill civilians or prisoners of war.

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On 30 November 2005, the LRA deputy commander, Vincent Otti, contacted the BBC announcing a renewed desire among the LRA leadership to hold peace talks with the Ugandan government. The government expressed skepticism regarding the overture but stated their openness to a peaceful resolution of the

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Since the LRA first started fighting in the 1990s they may have forced well over 10,000 boys and girls into combat, often killing family, neighbors and school teachers in the process. Many of these children were put on the front lines so the casualty rate for these children has been high. The LRA

1401:

scholar Knut Holter has argued that what the Lord's Resistance Army means by the "Ten Commandments" is somewhat loosely associated with the Ten Commandments as found in the Biblical text. Holter notes that the LRA have created new commandments that help propagate their ideology under the term the

1218:

By May 2010, the LRA killed over 1,600 Congolese civilians and abducted more than 2,500. Between September 2008 and July 2011, the group, despite being down to only a few hundred fighters, had killed more than 2,300 people, abducted more than 3,000, and displaced over 400,000 across the DR Congo,

1146:

against the LRA. There were brutal revenge attacks by scattered LRA remnants, with over 1,000 people killed and hundreds abducted in Congo and South Sudan. Hundreds of thousands were displaced while fleeing the massacres. The military action in the DRC did not result in the capture or killing of

819:

initiated the first face-to-face meeting between representatives of the rebel LRA and NRA government. The rebels asked for a general amnesty for their combatants and to "return home", but the government stance was hampered by disagreement over the credibility of the LRA negotiators and political

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Kony sought to align himself with Lakwena and, in turn garner support from her constituents, even going so far as to claim they were cousins. Meanwhile, Kony gained a reputation as having been possessed by spirits and became a spiritual figure or a medium. He and a small group of followers first

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Such acts of violence led to the formation of rebel groups from the ranks of the previous Ugandan army, UNLA. Many of those groups made peace with Museveni. However, the southern-dominated army did not stop attacking civilians in the north of the country. Therefore, by late 1987 to early 1988, a

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Part of the structural causes of the LRA conflict has been explained as rooted in the "diversity of ethnic groups which were at different levels of socio-economic development and political organization". This has led to ethnic strife. Enemy images have instilled insensitivity to the extent that

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of God. That is true – because the Ten Commandments of God is the constitution that God has given to the people of the world. All people. If you go to the constitution, nobody will accept people who steal, nobody could accept to go and take somebody's wife, nobody could accept to kill the

1568:

At least two of the five wanted LRA leaders have since been killed: Lukwiya in August 2006 and Otti in late 2007 (executed by Kony). Odhiambo was rumoured to have been killed in April 2008. In February, 2015, UPDF forces found the body of an unidentified person. Later on in April, DNA tests

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Between December 2008 – March 2009, the armed forces of Uganda, DR Congo and South Sudan launched aerial attacks and raids on the LRA camps in Garamba, destroying them. The efforts to inflict a military defeat on the LRA were not fully successful. The U.S.-supported

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infighting. At a meeting in January 1994, Kony asked for six months to regroup his troops, but by early February the tone of the negotiations was growing increasingly acrimonious and the LRA broke off negotiations, accusing the government of trying to entrap them.

1640:. No U.S. troops were directly involved, but 17 U.S. advisers and analysts provided intelligence, equipment, and fuel to Ugandan military counterparts. The offensive pushed Kony from his jungle camp, but he was not captured. One hundred children were rescued. 1354:

amount of violence toward the non-combatant population, which in turn further alienated them from the rebels. This self-perpetuating cycle led to the creation of a strict divide between Acholis and rebels—a divide that was previously not explicitly present.

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people perceived as enemies can be construed and ignored as inconsequential. A former Cabinet minister who was a key figure in the Presidential Peace Team while addressing elders in Lango on the atrocities committed by the NRA in the northern districts of

620:. Its stated goal against internal oppression under successive regimes, notably President Museveni's. Movements like the LRA (Lord's Resistance Army) have articulated demands that include President Museveni's immediate resignation, the dissolution of the 1387:

Lord's Resistance Army is just the name of the movement because we are fighting in the name of God. God is the one helping us in the bush. That's why we created this name, Lord's Resistance Army. And people always ask us, are we fighting for the

1291:, warned them that "they did not matter as long as the south was stable". This sense of betrayal on the northerners has festered into a groundswell of mistrust by the population against virtually any overtures from the government to the rebels. 1244:

As of 2022, it was reported that the LRA consisted of splinter groups of altogether 1000 people and was militarily very weak. It acted more like a criminal gang than an army, smuggling ivory and arms across the DRC border. In 2024, LRA officer

940:(OCHA), the LRA attacks and the government's counter-insurgency measures resulted in the displacement of nearly 95 percent of the Acholi population in three districts of northern Uganda. By 2006, 1.7 million people lived in more than 200 4268: 956:. During the same time period of January–July 2005, the LRA abducted 1,286 Ugandans (46.4 percent of whom were children under the age of 15 years), and violence accounted for 9.4 percent of the 28,283 deaths, occurring mostly outside camps. 1466:

have often used children to fight because they are easy to replace by raiding schools or villages. According to Livingstone Sewanyana, executive director of the Foundation for Human Rights Initiative, the government was the first to use

768:

of God. Lakwena portrayed herself as a prophet who received messages from the Holy Spirit and expressed the belief that the Acholi could defeat the Museveni government. She preached that her followers should cover their bodies with

1226:

military force (a brigade of 5,000, including contingents from the DR Congo, Central African Republic and South Sudan) to hunt down Kony and the remnants of the LRA, but asked for more international assistance for the task force.

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in 1894. While the agricultural Baganda people worked closely with the British, the Acholi and other northern ethnic groups supplied much of the national manual labour and came to comprise a majority of the military.

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in 1996 that were forced to become soldiers and also sex slaves to the soldiers. The government created the so-called "protected camps" beginning in 1996. The LRA declared a short-lived ceasefire for the duration of

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The LRA's ideology is disputed among academics. In practice "the LRA is not motivated by any identifiable political agenda, and its military strategy and tactics reflect this". It appears to largely function as a

752:

and took control of the country. The victors sought vengeance against ethnic groups in the North of Uganda. Their activities included Operation Simsim, which engaged in burning, looting, and killings of locals.

5248:

U.S. Policy to Counter the Lord's Resistance Army: Hearing before the Subcommittee on African Affairs of the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, Second Session

1378:

comments that "the LRA remains one of the least understood rebel movements in the world, and its ideology, as far as it has one, is difficult to understand." During an interview with IRIN, the LRA commander

807:, Kony seized this opportunity to recruit the Holy Spirit remnants. The LRA occasionally carried out local attacks to underline the inability of the government to protect the population. The fact that most 3060: 727:

The southern region became the centre for commercial trade development. The livestock-raising Acholi from the north of Uganda were resented for dominating the army and policing. Following the country's

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had ignored previous ICC warrants for the arrest of four of LRA's top leaders, and instead supplied the LRA with cash and food as an incentive to stop them from attacking southern Sudanese citizens.

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LRA, Boko Haram, al-Shabaab, AQIM, and Other Sources of Instability in Africa: Hearing before the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, Second Session

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In 2012 the LRA was reported to be in Djema, Central African Republic but forces pursuing the LRA withdrew in April 2013 after the government of the Central African Republic was overthrown by the

1409:, a former secretary for external affairs and mobilisation of the Lord's Resistance Army, adamantly denied that the LRA was "just an Acholi thing" and stated that claims made by the media and 4745: 1648: 1102: 1531:

that they would never surrender unless they were granted immunity from prosecution; so the ICC order to arrest them raised concerns that the insurgency would not have a negotiated end.

4538: 976:. The Ugandan government and the LRA signed a truce on 26 August 2006. Under the terms of the agreement, LRA forces would leave Uganda and gather in two assembly areas in the remote 3508: 5511: 3122: 5737: 4715: 815:

bows and arrows. The creation of the Arrow Groups angered Kony, who began to feel that he no longer had the support of the population. After the failure of Operation North,

5757: 5236: 4787: 2970: 2097: 4846: 719:, who had engaged in hunting, farming and livestock herding in the past. The ethnic and cultural tensions within Uganda grew during the years following the creation of the 631:

This struggle has exacted a heavy humanitarian toll, with widespread displacement, loss of life, and atrocities against civilians devastating northern Uganda, particularly

3565: 2317: 3031: 2785: 5742: 1473:

Although this is not proven, there has been rumors that Sudan may have provided military assistance to the LRA, in response to Uganda lending military support to the

1241:

rescued more than 15,000 people that were abducted since 1986. It is estimated that over 50,000 children were captured during the 20 years in Northern Uganda by LRA.

1732: 4593: 5305: 3179: 2530:

Alfred G. Nhema, "The resolution of African conflicts: the management of conflict resolution & post-conflict reconstruction." p.53. Ohio University Press, 2008

4926: 3406: 3067: 2217: 2072: 1173:

By August 2009, the LRA terror in the DRC resulted in displacing as many as 320,000 Congolese, exposing them to a threat of famine, according to UNICEF director

4956: 4651: 3849: 2161: 4978: 5752: 2770: 2417: 4678: 3585: 3482: 3290: 1502: 1077: 1021: 1016: 1011: 3537: 5277: 3342: 1917: 1583:

was reported either to have defected or to have been captured and was held by the Ugandan forces. He was successively transferred from Ugandan forces to

1158:

in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The LRA struck several other communities in the near-simultaneous attacks: 75 people were murdered in a church near

1128: 937: 852:, possibly in the hope that Yoweri Museveni would be defeated. Based on UNICEF data 1999, over 6000 children were held by LRA rebels in Northern Uganda. 4629: 2609: 3009: 2916: 1848: 3447: 2576: 2351: 2030: 2003: 1954: 5261: 4449: 3312: 2485: 5340: 5273: 5015: 2832: 2807: 2381: 1562: 251: 4388: 3268: 1368:

in 1997, concluded that "the LRA has no political program or ideology, at least none that the local population has heard or can understand." The

5695:

Alliances sometimes changed dramatically over the course of the wars. Some groups may be associated with multiple, ostensibly opposed factions.

1881: 5772: 5580: 5499: 5159: 4154: 1189:, causing Ugandan Archbishop John Baptist Odama to call on the international community for help in finding a peaceful solution to the crisis. 864:(UPDF), launched a massive military offensive code-named Operation Iron Fist against the LRA bases in southern Sudan, with agreement from the 4824: 3195: 1231: 5298: 2127: 5149: 3504: 5470: 4320: 2551: 2187: 764:

Lakwena did not pick up arms against the central government; her members carried sticks and stones. She believed she was inspired by the

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to 184 countries on behalf of the ICC, which has no police of its own. Kony had been previously reported to have met Vice President of

99: 17: 3118: 5782: 5272:

documenting LRA use of sex slavery, enslavement of child soldiers, and other atrocities through interviews with former LRA commander

3505:"90 per cent of people in LRA areas of Congo still live in fear of their safety, new Oxfam survey reveals | Oxfam International" 1372:

has stated that "the LRA is not motivated by any identifiable political agenda, and its military strategy and tactics reflect this."

795:

By August 1987, Lakwena's Holy Spirit Mobile Force scored several victories on the battlefield and began a march towards the capital

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was tried in Uganda on charges including rape, murder, kidnapping, and enslavement of civilians. The trial is currently ongoing.

1159: 1121: 3562: 2309: 5717: 5455: 3641: 1656: 3610: 3035: 2652:

Van Acker, Frank, "Uganda and The Lord's Resistance Army: The New Order No One Ordered," 2004, African Affairs 103(412), p.345

5085: 5066: 4521: 4244: 3376: 2874: 2782: 2679: 1622: 5195: 4298: 3961:

Marc-Antoine Pérouse de Montclos (Summer 2008). "Conversion to Islam and Modernity in Nigeria: A View from the Underworld".

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Onyango Odongo "Causes of Armed Conflicts in Uganda", Historical Memory Synthetic Paper, 2003 CBR Conference, Hotel Africana

3240: 5747: 5609: 5487: 4500: 4478: 4412: 4348: 3151: 2707: 2447: 986: 698: 526: 4585: 1458:

By early 2012, the LRA had been reduced to a force of between 200 and 250 fighters, according to Ugandan defence minister

5632: 3176: 3119:"IRIN Africa | Uganda: 1,000 displaced die every week in war-torn north – report | Uganda | Refugees/IDPs" 1802: 1769: 1441:

To bring to an end to the repressive policy of deliberate marginalization of groups of people who may not agree with the

662: 146:

Though the red-black-blue flag has been widely attributed to the Lord's Resistance Army, the group also uses the regular

5712: 3402: 2209: 1678:

against the LRA. Some observers have reported that the United States have been involved for reasons other than the LRA.

1670:

with a mandate to train, assist and provide intelligence to help combat the Lord's Resistance Army, reportedly from the

1659:

on 13 May 2010, with 202 representatives as cosponsors. On 24 November 2010, Obama delivered a strategy document to the

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nationalism on occasion; many observers doubt the sincerity of this behaviour and the loyalty of Kony to any ideology.

1114: 948:

and partners estimated that through the first seven months of 2005, about 1,000 people were dying weekly, chiefly from

849: 552: 5574: 5136: 5103: 4948: 4655: 3839: 3802: 3287:"Ugandan rebels have displaced as many as 320,000 people in northern Democratic Republic of Congo, Unicef chief says" 2157: 1618: 1474: 117: 4893: 5413: 2100:. National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism, University of Maryland. Archived from 1675: 1238: 914: 861: 785: 625: 617: 467: 367: 5177: 3474: 3286: 2767: 2407: 1823: 1681:

In late 2013, Ugandan forces, alerted by U.S. troops, killed chief planner Colonel Samuel Kangul, amongst others.

1455:

more than half believed to be abductees. The soldiers are organized into independent squads of 10 or 20 soldiers.

732:, Uganda's ethnic groups continued to compete with each other within the bounds of Uganda's new political system. 5762: 5216: 3582: 1637: 1143: 1031: 909:

commandos and at least 15 rebels were killed in a botched UN special forces raid targeting the LRA deputy leader

729: 522: 4223: 5777: 5373: 5181: 4621: 3096: 2514: 1907: 902:

estimated that the LRA had abducted at least 25,000 children since the conflict began. In January 2006, eight

5449: 4187:, 2006, p. 20. Peter Singer puts the number over 14,000 children; Jimmie Briggs cites only 10,000 + children. 2768:

The Anguish of Northern Uganda: Results of a Field-based Assessment of the Civil Conflicts in Northern Uganda

2605: 1052: 628:, and the establishment of an independent government reflecting ethnic diversity and democratic principles. 586: 2630:

Dolan, Chris, "Social Torture: The Case of Northern Uganda, 1986–2006", 2009, New York: Berghahn Books, p.41

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with bizarre beliefs whose aim is to topple the Museveni regime and replace it with governance based on the

1211:

and Sudan. Small-scale attacks continued daily, displacing large numbers of people and worsening an ongoing

4099:"Thou shalt not smoke: Content and context in the Lord's Resistance Army's concept of the Ten Commandments" 3001: 1845: 1633: 1572:

In July 2011, South Sudan seceded from Sudan, cutting the LRA off geopolitically from its former allies in

1508: 390: 4559:"Warlord found guilty of crimes against humanity in northern Uganda, a 'significant milestone' - Guterres" 3664: 3451: 2343: 2242: 1939: 5767: 5722: 5505: 5258: 5187: 4456: 3710:

Report of the Parliamentary Committee on Defence and Internal Affairs on the War in Northern Uganda, 1997

3320: 2580: 2489: 945: 941: 925: 91: 5011: 4450:"Statement by the Chief Prosecutor Luis Moreno Ocampo on the confirmation of the death of Raska Lukwiya" 2840: 2373: 1617:, the United States declared the Lord's Resistance Army to be a terrorist group. On 28 August 2008, the 972:, Sudan, between the government of Uganda and the LRA, mediated by the south Sudanese separatist leader 2862: 2747:

Accord magazine: Protracted conflict, elusive peace: Initiatives to end the violence in northern Uganda

2667: 1478: 1421:'s ten commandments" were false. In the same speech, Obita also claimed that the LRA's objectives are: 1369: 788:

soldiers from the Black Battalion whom he managed to recruit. They then launched a raid on the city of

4384: 3265: 996: 944:(IDP) camps in northern Uganda. These camps had some of the highest mortality rates in the world. The 773:

oil as protection from bullets, never take cover or retreat in battle, and never kill snakes or bees.

646: 2943: 2803: 1870: 1636:

to provide assistance financially and logistically to the Ugandan government during the unsuccessful

4820: 4057:." Unpublished Dissertation. Department of Psychology, University Fribourg (Switzerland) 2009, p. 10 2444:"Statement on the Designation of 39 Organizations on the USA PATRIOT Act's Terrorist Exclusion List" 5597: 5204: 4162: 2920: 1584: 1467: 1442: 1414: 1208: 1151: 1067: 1026: 965: 808: 745: 686: 621: 613: 479: 380: 5283: 5188:

Survey of War Affected Youth (SWAY): Research & Programs for Youth in Armed Conflict in Uganda

1349:. Protection of the Acholi population was of particular concern because of the genuine reality of 784:

moved beyond his home village of Odek on 1 April 1987. A few days later, he met a group of former

1698: 1593: 1338:. Although the LRA has been regarded primarily as a Christian militia, the LRA reportedly evokes 1182: 2131: 5407: 5378: 5160:"A Case for National Reconciliation, Peace, Democracy and Economic Prosperity for All Ugandans" 5146: 2543: 1660: 1621:

sanctioned Joseph Kony as a Specially Designated Global Terrorist under Executive Order 13224 "

1402:"Ten Commandments". One such example is the LRA's commandment given as "Thou shalt not smoke." 980:

area of northern Democratic Republic of Congo that the Ugandan government agreed not to attack.

865: 823:

Starting in the mid-1990s, the LRA was strengthened by military support from the government of

4847:"Fact Sheet: Mitigating and Eliminating the Threat to Civilians by The Lord's Resistance Army" 4324: 703:

Uganda's north and south are politically divided. The south and east are largely inhabited by

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A Case for National Reconciliation, Peace, Democracy and Economic Prosperity for All Ugandans

3887: 3398: 2778: 1426: 1361: 1036: 977: 395: 5253: 1651:, legislation aimed at stopping Joseph Kony and the LRA. The bill passed unanimously in the 1345:

The original aims of the group were more closely aligned with those of its predecessor, the

1298: 5662: 5395: 5350: 3005: 1840: 1727: 1652: 1614: 1375: 1346: 1072: 827:, which was retaliating against Ugandan government support for rebels in what would become 547: 141: 31: 8: 5727: 5401: 4741: 4428: 4037: 3093:"Democratic Republic of the Congo (the): Guatemalan blue helmet deaths stir Congo debate" 1722: 1671: 1486: 1212: 720: 711:

people, who were historically agriculturists. Uganda's north is largely inhabited by the

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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

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The Hidden War: The Forgotten People, research study report by Afrika Study Center,2003

3172: 2890: 1912: 1717: 1558: 1406: 636: 4364: 3780:. Kibuye, Rwanda: Quaker Network for the Prevention of Violent Conflict. 29 March 2007 3429: 3212: 2734: 5110: 5099: 5081: 5062: 4132: 4098: 3844: 2870: 2675: 884: 869: 712: 640: 399: 5237:

Kony 2012 Video, The Brouhaha, The Long Hunt For A War Criminal, And How We Got Here

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National Council for the Defense of Democracy – Forces for the Defense of Democracy

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Research at UC Berkeley's Human Rights Center Initiative for Vulnerable Populations

5208: 4518: 4236: 4118: 4110: 4033: 4001: 3970: 3602: 3475:"Lord's Resistance Army massacres up to 100 in Congolese village | World news" 3372: 1667: 1666:

On 14 October 2011, Obama announced that he had ordered the deployment of 100 U.S.

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Traditional Ways of Coping with the Consequences of Traumatic Stress in Acholiland

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Joseph Kony 2012: International Criminal Court chief prosecutor supports campaign

3689: 3589: 3569: 3448:"LRA rebels killed 26 in DR Congo in June: UN | Radio Netherlands Worldwide" 3346: 3316: 3272: 3232: 3219: 3183: 2789: 2774: 2754: 2741: 2518: 1852: 1655:

on 11 March 2010, with 65 senators as cosponsors, then passed unanimously in the

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To ensure unity, sovereignty, and economic prosperity beneficial to all Ugandans.

1410: 1317: 1288: 1203:

in the DR Congo. In February 2010, about 100 people were massacred by the LRA in

741: 704: 654: 594: 590: 246: 225: 187: 183: 4497: 4475: 4409: 4345: 3199: 3147: 2703: 2443: 868:. In retaliation, the LRA attacked the refugee camps in northern Uganda and the 5676: 4851: 4682: 4589: 4558: 4069:"Results of a field-based assessment of the civil conflicts in northern Uganda" 4054: 3397: 1797: 1737: 1629: 1580: 1524: 1357: 1246: 1193: 1062: 929: 832: 800: 682: 578: 221: 147: 3403:"DR Congo: Lord's Resistance Army Rampage Kills 321 | Human Rights Watch" 1792: 1761: 5706: 4068: 3974: 3812:. Nairobi/Brussels: International Crisis Group. 14 April 2004. Archived from 3236: 1690: 1520: 1339: 1257: 1223: 888: 880: 816: 716: 658: 502: 264: 208: 195: 177: 4679:"Obama Administration Asks for Funds to Boost Uganda's Fight Against Rebels" 831:. The LRA fought with the NRA army which led to mass atrocities such as the 5460: 4114: 4006: 3989: 2412: 1644: 1516: 1380: 1280: 910: 666: 530: 172: 5133: 4737: 4155:"The Official presentation of the Lord's Resistance Movement/Army (LRA/M)" 4123: 3813: 2188:"The Wizard of the Nile The Hunt for Africas Most Wanted by Matthew Green" 5568: 5559: 5058: 4882: 4788:"Obama Sending 100 Armed Advisers to Africa to Help Fight Renegade Group" 4766: 3690:"Thomas Kwoyelo: Ugandan Lord's Resistance Army rebel commander on trial" 1977: 1554: 1551: 1512: 1432:

To see an end to gross violation of human rights and dignity of Ugandans.

1335: 1299:

Economic disparity (and/or marginalisation), underdevelopment and poverty

1186: 1174: 1082: 973: 828: 799:. In 1988, after the Holy Spirit Movement was decisively defeated in the 776: 765: 665:

of designated active terrorist groups. It has been accused of widespread

605: 582: 455: 340: 233: 166: 162: 1485:, the LRA was highly organised and equipped with crew-operated weapons, 4024:

Doom, Ruddy; Vlassenroot, Koen (1999). "Kony's Message: A New Koine?".

1547: 1535:

LRA reduced the army's willingness to cooperate in peace negotiations.

1383:

was asked about the LRA's vision of an ideal government. He responded:

758: 678: 674: 632: 518: 5213: 5096:

The night wanderers: Uganda's children and the Lord's Resistance Army.

2243:"The last throes of Uganda's Lord's Resistance Army – DW – 01/24/2022" 2151: 2149: 5247: 5241: 3990:"Uganda and the Lord's Resistance Army: The New Order No One Ordered" 3938:. No. 69. Institute for War & Peace Reporting. 3 July 2006. 2031:"Russian Mercenaries Hunt the African Warlord America Couldn't Catch" 1955:"Russian Mercenaries Hunt the African Warlord America Couldn't Catch" 1589: 1087: 903: 5165: 3092: 1704:

In September 2012, at a ceremony to mark the handover of command in

1493:. In 2001, it was also reported that LRA targets Sudanese refugees. 5313: 5231: 4712:"Obama orders U.S. troops to help chase down African 'army' leader" 4385:"Journeyman Pictures : short films : Meeting Joseph Kony" 2511: 2146: 1649:

Lord's Resistance Army Disarmament and Northern Uganda Recovery Act

1573: 1543: 906: 892: 770: 4619: 2181: 2179: 5684: 5651: 5225: 5111:

How Insurgency Begins: Rebel Group Formation in Uganda and Beyond

2344:"Museveni refuses to hand over rebel leaders to war crimes court" 1824:

Uganda receives 14 former LRA rebel fighters repatriated from CAR

1365: 1265: 1200: 1163: 1155: 949: 796: 708: 490: 3960: 2947: 1511:

issued arrest warrants on 8 July and 27 September 2005, against

1222:

In March 2012, Uganda announced it would head a new four-nation

887:

had been spurned by Kony. In February 2004, the LRA unit led by

5542: 5464: 3343:"Sudanese bishop urges peace talks with Lord's Resistance Army" 3200:

UNHCR visits Congolese towns attacked by Lord's Resistance Army

2827: 2825: 2176: 1742: 1705: 1398: 1276: 1204: 899: 670: 601: 514: 443: 327: 298: 5514:(FLC, formed from the MLC, RCD-N and RCD-ML from 2000 to 2001) 5134:

Population surveys in Northern Uganda during and after the LRA

3905: 3728:

Ministry of Finance, Planning, and Economic Development, p.102

2971:"Terrorist Organization Profile: Lord's Resistance Army (LRA)" 2098:"Terrorist Organization Profile: Lord's Resistance Army (LRA)" 920: 5656: 5536: 5269: 2062:"The Lord's Resistance Army in Sudan: A History and Overview" 1694: 1625:", a designation that carries financial and other penalties. 1496: 1418: 1393:

innocent, or whatever. The Ten Commandments carries all this.

1350: 1177:. Also in August 2009, the LRA attacked a Catholic church in 1167: 1154:

at a concert celebration sponsored by the Catholic Church in

895:

IDP camp, killing over 300 people and abducting many others.

844: 836: 824: 804: 609: 353: 308:

Believed to be South Sudan or Central African Republic (2014)

3472: 2822: 5443: 5168:, advocacy group and documentary about LRA's child soldiers 4868: 4537:

Oluka, Benon Herbert and Ssekika, Edward (14 January 2015)

2121: 2119: 1284: 1272: 969: 953: 872:

in southern Sudan, brutally killing hundreds of civilians.

789: 4738:"Obama sends 100 military advisers to fight Africa rebels" 4652:"LRA Disarmament and Northern Uganda Recovery Act of 2009" 3563:

Joseph Kony: African Union brigade to hunt down LRA leader

1435:

To ensure the restoration of peace and security in Uganda.

5078:

The Wizard of the Nile: The Hunt for Africa's Most Wanted

4919:"Alimadi the US is not interested in going after the LRA" 4321:"International Criminal Court : Situation in Uganda" 4190: 3803:"Northern Uganda: Understanding and solving the conflict" 3797: 3795: 3261: 3224: 3061:"Uganda Complex emergency Situation Report #3 09/13/2006" 2917:"Uganda: Joseph Kony's Killing Fields in Northern Region" 2867:

The Wizard of the Nile: The Hunt for Africa's Most Wanted

2672:

The Wizard of the Nile: The Hunt for Africa's Most Wanted

2521:. Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress, 1990. p. 4 1871:"Countering the Lord's Resistance Army in Central Africa" 1733:

History of Christian thought on persecution and tolerance

1638:

Garamba Offensive, code-named Operation Lightning Thunder

1483:

The Wizard of the Nile: The Hunt for Africa's Most Wanted

1215:

which the UN described as one of the worst in the world.

2116: 5147:

Girl Soldiers – The cost of war in Northern Uganda

2783:

Human rights violations by the National Resistance Army

1199:

during a four-day rampage in the village and region of

5039: 5006: 5004: 4620:

Jeffrey Gettleman and Eric Schmitt (6 February 2009).

3792: 3749:"Kony: What Jason did not tell the Invisible Children" 2486:"Court threatens to block cannibal cult's peace offer" 2471:

Warrant of Arrest unsealed against five LRA Commanders

1978:"LJM rebels capture three LRA members in South Darfur" 1425:

To fight for the immediate restoration of competitive

5738:

Organizations based in Africa designated as terrorist

5193:

Radio France Internationale, LRA Dossier (in English)

4883:"The Lord's Resistance Army : The U.S. Response" 4429:

Regional Government Pays Ugandan Rebels Not to Attack

3603:"Joseph Kony: US doubts LRA rebel leader's surrender" 3177:

DR Congo: LRA Slaughters 620 in 'Christmas Massacres’

2408:"Q&A: Joseph Kony and the Lord's Resistance Army" 2203: 2201: 1413:

administration asserting that the LRA is a "group of

1197:

killed at least 321 civilians and abducted 250 others

5758:

Rebel groups in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

5228:, Candace Scharsu photographs the victims of the LRA 4776:, 21 November 2011, CRS Report for Congress, Page 10 3912:

Ghana, C. (9 August 2002). "Don't Praise The Lord".

3665:"The last throes of Uganda's Lord's Resistance Army" 3534:"Uganda to head new military force to hunt for Kony" 2265: 2263: 1940:"The last throes of Uganda's Lord's Resistance Army" 1503:

International Criminal Court investigation in Uganda

1261:

Displaced people seek refuge from the LRA in Uganda.

5001: 4615: 4613: 4611: 3002:"Uganda: Nature, structure and ideology of the LRA" 2801: 2437: 2435: 1908:"Uganda Ends Its Hunt for Joseph Kony Empty-Handed" 938:

Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs

5050: 4786:Shanker, Thom; Gladstone, Rick (14 October 2011). 2891:"When will the remaining 21 Aboke girls be freed?" 2704:"DR Congo rebel massacre of hundreds is uncovered" 2401: 2399: 2210:"Ugandan Rebel Reaches Out to International Court" 2198: 1976:Sudan Tribune, Sudan Tribune (16 September 2010). 860:In March 2002, the NRA, under the new name of the 5743:Military units and formations established in 1987 5205:Crisis briefing on the LRA and violence in Uganda 5162:, outlines and defends the LRA's political views. 5012:"African Union hunts Uganda rebel group – Africa" 4622:"U.S. Aided a Failed Plan to Rout Ugandan Rebels" 4519:LRA commander Dominic Ongwen 'in Ugandan custody' 4447:International Criminal Court (7 November 2006). 3373:"LRA: Ugandan bishop urges negotiated settlement" 3142: 3140: 2919:. Liu Institute for Global Issues. Archived from 2577:"Guatemalan blue helmet deaths stir Congo debate" 2468:International Criminal Court (14 October 2005). 2337: 2335: 2310:"Christian Rebels Wage a War of Terror in Uganda" 2260: 2126:Doom, Ruddy; Vlassenroot, Koen (1 January 1999). 833:killing or abduction of several hundred villagers 5704: 4785: 4608: 3536:. Hindustan Times. 18 March 2012. Archived from 2504: 2441: 2432: 2158:"Christian Cult Killing, Ravaging in New Uganda" 5657:National Union for Total Independence of Angola 5537:National Union for Total Independence of Angola 4767:"The Lord’s Resistance Army: The U.S. Response" 4577: 4548:The Observer, Uganda, retrieved 14 January 2015 4339: 4023: 3987: 3662: 3335: 3313:"Christians are 'crucified' in guerrilla raids" 3032:"Killing Every Living Thing: Barlonyo Massacre" 2760: 2396: 2128:"The Lord's Resistance Army in Northern Uganda" 2125: 1663:, asking for money to disarm Kony and the LRA. 1569:identified that the body was that of Odhiambo. 928:(IDP) camps, such as this Labuje IDP camp near 94:for grammar, style, cohesion, tone, or spelling 5581:Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda 4706: 4704: 3421: 3233:"Uganda: Kony Rebels Kill 400 Congo Villagers" 3137: 2332: 2303: 2301: 1266:Ethnicity, stereotypes, hate, and enemy images 1219:South Sudan and the Central African Republic. 1152:massacred at least 143 people and abducted 180 924:The conflict forced many civilians to live in 27:Christian terrorist multinational organization 5299: 5094:Jagielski, Wojciech and Antonia Lloyd-Jones. 5053:Innocents Lost: When Child Soldiers Go to War 4403: 4211:Innocents Lost: When Child soldiers Go to war 4198:Innocents Lost: When Child soldiers Go to war 3196:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees 2941: 2729: 2727: 2725: 2641:Innocents Lost: When Child Soldiers Go to War 2405: 1975: 1701:, killings and lootings by the Ugandan army. 1252: 1122: 5753:Rebel groups in the Central African Republic 5567:(RDR, alleged successor organization to the 5042:The Lord's Resistance Army: Myth and Reality 4979:"UPDF in Kony hunt accused of rape, looting" 4313: 4049: 4047: 3880:California Western International Law Journal 3401:, senior Africa researcher (28 March 2010). 3284: 3266:Congo groups: 400 massacred on Christmas day 1880:. Institute for National Strategic Studies. 1162:, at least 80 were killed in Batande, 48 in 645: 4701: 4528:BBC News, Africa, Retrieved 14 January 2015 4422: 3595: 3557: 3555: 3473:Associated Press in Niangara (2 May 2010). 2777:(PDF), US Embassy Kampala, March 1997, and 2298: 1790: 5306: 5292: 4949:"Senior LRA commander killed, says Uganda" 4586:"Obama Sends Troops Against Uganda Rebels" 4226:Refuge, Vol 17, No 3. Retrieved 4 May 2012 4103:HTS Teologiese Studies/Theological Studies 3631: 2914: 2722: 2697: 2695: 2693: 2691: 2662: 2660: 2658: 2483: 2130:. Afraf.oxfordjournals.org. Archived from 2056: 2054: 2052: 2004:"Centrafrique: attaque de la LRA, 5 morts" 1497:International Criminal Court investigation 1129: 1115: 30:"LRA" redirects here. For other uses, see 5565:Rassemblement Démocratique pour le Rwanda 5178:Human Security in Northern Uganda project 5174:, Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre 4677:Kavanagh, Michael J. (25 November 2010). 4489: 4358: 4122: 4044: 4005: 3592:Daily Monitor, Retrieved 26 December 2012 875:By 2004, according to the UPDF spokesman 661:, but it has since been removed from the 118:Learn how and when to remove this message 5259:"Slaves: Human Bondage In Today's World" 4676: 4583: 4441: 4291:"Uganda: SPLA Recruits in Ugandan Camps" 3552: 3205: 3055: 3053: 2802:Elizabeth Dickinson (14 December 2010). 2462: 2307: 2207: 1256: 919: 424:71 (2024) (excluding women and children) 5531:Sudan People's Liberation Army/Movement 5496:(RCD-K/ML or "RCD-Wamba", created 1999) 5098:(2012). New York: Seven Stories Press. 4821:"Lawfare " Human Rights Watch Responds" 4288: 4224:The Path to Genocide in Northern Uganda 4066: 4060: 3746: 2855: 2735:"LRA / Government negotiations 1993–94" 2688: 2655: 2606:"US troops to help Uganda fight rebels" 2488:. Royal African Society. Archived from 2341: 2308:McKinley, James C. Jr. (5 March 1997). 2160:. Community.seattletimes.nwsource.com. 2049: 1905: 1868: 1846:UGAND-SUDAN: Ri-Kwangba: meeting point 1307: 1192:In December 2009, the LRA forces under 226: 188: 14: 5705: 5184:(extensive links from before mid-2004) 5117: 5048: 5040:Allen, Tim; Vlassenroot, Koen (2010). 4989:from the original on 10 September 2013 4818: 4714:. CNN. 14 October 2011. Archived from 4391:from the original on 27 September 2011 4216: 4096: 3840:"Cult Killing, Ravaging in New Uganda" 3634:"1200 LRA Fighters Set To Defect – UN" 3485:from the original on 14 September 2013 3230: 2996: 2994: 2992: 2608:. Al Jazeera English. 4 October 2011. 2269: 2155: 2028: 1952: 1864: 1862: 1836: 1834: 1832: 1623:Specially Designated Global Terrorists 1603: 1150:During the Christmas of 2008, the LRA 5773:Christianity and religious syncretism 5494:RCD-Kisangani/Mouvement de Libération 5473:(faction of RCD-Goma created in 2002) 5287: 5075: 4859:from the original on 16 February 2017 4467: 4146: 4019: 4017: 3911: 3766: 3613:from the original on 21 November 2018 3528: 3526: 3511:from the original on 16 February 2013 3497: 3450:. Rnw.nl. 6 July 2011. Archived from 3427: 3293:from the original on 7 September 2013 3189: 3050: 3012:from the original on 19 November 2008 2861: 2701: 2666: 2600: 2598: 2571: 2569: 2554:from the original on 10 November 2016 2538: 2536: 2420:from the original on 10 February 2018 2374:"Profile: The Lord's Resistance Army" 2237: 2235: 2029:Bishop, Mac William (27 April 2024). 1953:Bishop, Mac William (27 April 2024). 1632:personally signed a directive to the 1321:was needed to resolve this conflict. 5610:Nationalist and Integrationist Front 5488:Movement for the Liberation of Congo 5018:from the original on 20 January 2013 4959:from the original on 8 December 2013 4899:from the original on 12 October 2017 4827:from the original on 16 January 2013 4819:Wittes, Benjamin (26 October 2010). 4800:from the original on 15 October 2011 4596:from the original on 18 October 2011 4038:10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a008002 3870: 3852:from the original on 2 November 2017 3644:from the original on 2 December 2013 3379:from the original on 22 January 2011 3353:from the original on 22 January 2011 2674:. Portobello Books. pp. 40–41. 2612:from the original on 15 October 2011 2442:Philip T. Reeker (6 December 2001). 2354:from the original on 2 February 2017 2185: 2164:from the original on 2 November 2017 1805:from the original on 4 February 2019 1772:from the original on 4 February 2019 757:civilian resistance movement led by 740:In 1986, the armed rebellion led by 527:Union of Democratic Forces for Unity 74: 38: 5143:, UC Berkeley and Tulane University 4301:from the original on 1 January 2003 4289:Mugeere, Anthony (16 August 2001). 3663:Antonio Cascais (24 January 2022). 3625: 3365: 3148:"Uganda to continue Congo LRA hunt" 2989: 2710:from the original on 8 January 2014 1920:from the original on 7 January 2018 1859: 1829: 24: 5280:, and victims; narrated in English 5033: 4748:from the original on 14 April 2012 4689:from the original on 10 March 2012 4584:Capaccio, Tony (14 October 2011). 4498:Ugandan LRA rebel deputy 'killed' 4247:from the original on 6 August 2017 4014: 3837: 3747:Mamdani, Mahmood (13 March 2012). 3523: 3430:"'Fresh LRA massacre' in DR Congo" 3409:from the original on 10 March 2013 3243:from the original on 30 April 2010 3231:Mukasa, Henry (30 December 2008). 3154:from the original on 10 March 2009 3125:from the original on 9 August 2014 3099:from the original on 19 March 2012 3095:. Reliefweb.int. 31 January 2006. 2810:from the original on 10 March 2012 2595: 2566: 2533: 2384:from the original on 15 March 2012 2232: 1942:. Deutsche Welle. 24 January 2022. 1588:him guilty of 61 crimes including 1207:, near DR Congo's border with the 850:1996 Ugandan presidential election 25: 5794: 5733:Christian new religious movements 5575:Army for the Liberation of Rwanda 5270:Deutsche Welle television program 5127: 5122:. University of California Press. 4929:from the original on 2 March 2013 4632:from the original on 9 March 2012 4346:Court moves against Uganda rebels 4237:"Uganda: 'Sudan supporting Kony'" 4152: 4097:Holter, Knut (28 February 2019). 3942:from the original on 17 July 2012 3583:Khartoum aiding Kony rebels again 2968: 2839:. 14 October 2008. Archived from 2450:from the original on 8 April 2015 2320:from the original on 25 June 2017 2078:from the original on 9 March 2016 1628:In November 2008, U.S. President 1619:United States Department of State 699:Lord's Resistance Army insurgency 5783:Factions of the Second Congo War 5577:(ALiR, successor to RDR in 1997) 4971: 4941: 4911: 4875: 4839: 4812: 4779: 4760: 4730: 4670: 4644: 4551: 4531: 4511: 4438:, Human Rights News, 3 June 2006 4410:Interpol push for Uganda arrests 4377: 3275:". Retrieved on 4 January 2009. 3213:Ugandan LRA 'in church massacre' 3121:. Irinnews.org. 29 August 2005. 2869:. Portobello Books. p. 56. 2342:McGreal, Chris (13 March 2008). 2220:from the original on 7 July 2017 2208:Boustany, Nora (19 March 2008). 2186:Lamb, Christina (2 March 2008). 2010:. LE Figaro. AFP. 6 October 2010 1887:from the original on 8 June 2014 1684: 1608: 1185:, with reports of victims being 995: 959: 915:Democratic Republic of the Congo 786:Uganda National Liberation Front 618:Democratic Republic of the Congo 600:The group is active in northern 507: 495: 484: 472: 468:Democratic Republic of the Congo 460: 448: 436: 373: 368:Democratic Republic of the Congo 360: 346: 333: 320: 268: 176: 140: 79: 43: 5446:(Rwanda-Uganda backed alliance) 5156:, Women News Network – WNN 4476:Uganda's LRA confirm Otti death 4365:Ugandans welcome rebel overture 4282: 4259: 4229: 4203: 4177: 4090: 4067:Gersony, Robert (August 1997). 3981: 3954: 3924: 3864: 3831: 3740: 3731: 3722: 3713: 3704: 3682: 3656: 3581:Butagiro, Tabu (30 April 2012) 3575: 3572:, guardian.co.uk, 24 March 2012 3466: 3440: 3391: 3305: 3285:Owen Bowcott (31 August 2009). 3278: 3255: 3166: 3111: 3085: 3024: 2962: 2942:James Kilford (29 April 2002). 2935: 2908: 2883: 2795: 2702:Plaut, Martin (28 March 2010). 2646: 2633: 2624: 2524: 2477: 2366: 2270:Fraser, Ben (14 October 2008). 2090: 2022: 1996: 1906:Baddorf, Zack (20 April 2017). 553:Uganda People's Democratic Army 523:Liberation and Justice Movement 5663:White Legion (First Congo War) 5182:University of British Columbia 4323:. 23 June 2007. Archived from 4161:. Kacoke Madit. Archived from 4076:The anguish of northern Uganda 3202:".Retrieved on 7 January 2009. 2944:"Enforced Ugandan cannibalism" 2833:"Slain Aboke girls remembered" 2406:Julian Borger (8 March 2012). 1969: 1946: 1932: 1899: 1817: 1784: 1762:"Lord's Resistance Army (LRA)" 1754: 1475:Sudan People's Liberation Army 841:kidnapping of 139 school girls 589:(1986–1994) against President 13: 1: 5718:Christian terrorism in Africa 5450:Rally for Congolese Democracy 5114:. Cambridge University Press. 4473:BBC News (23 January 2008). 3211:BBC News (29 December 2008). 2946:. eTravel.org. Archived from 1791:Ledio Cakaj (13 April 2010). 1748: 862:Uganda People's Defence Force 687:recruitment of child soldiers 641:bound by the Ten Commandments 626:Uganda People's Defence Force 165:(believed to be in hiding in 5512:Front de Libération du Congo 5502:(RCD-N, split from RCD-K/ML) 3873:"Uganda: A Nation In Crisis" 3428:Fessy, Thomas (2 May 2010). 3186:. Retrieved 22 January 2009. 3034:. Scribd.com. Archived from 2544:"The Lord's Resistance Army" 2446:. U.S. Department of State. 2156:Drogin, Bob (1 April 1996). 1869:Le Sage, Andre (July 2011). 1643:In May 2010, U.S. President 1634:United States Africa Command 1563:government of Southern Sudan 1523:, deputy army commander and 1509:International Criminal Court 1147:Kony, who remained elusive. 855: 735: 7: 5748:Rebel groups in South Sudan 5506:Union of Congolese Patriots 4495:BBC News (14 April 2008). 3932:"Uganda: Demystifying Kony" 3507:. Oxfam.org. 28 July 2011. 2282:(21): 41–42. Archived from 2272:"Uganda's aggressive peace" 1711: 1561:reported that the regional 1449: 1324: 1144:Operation Lightning Thunder 942:internally displaced person 926:internally displaced person 879:, mediation efforts by the 10: 5799: 1693:launched an initiative in 1689:On 18 September 2012, the 1546:issued five wanted person 1500: 1370:International Crisis Group 1253:Causes of the LRA conflict 946:Ugandan Ministry of Health 696: 692: 585:. Its origins were in the 577:organization operating in 29: 5693: 5675: 5642: 5633:National Liberation Front 5619: 5590: 5552: 5521: 5480: 5436: 5427: 5388: 5333: 5326: 5118:Singer, Peter W. (2006). 4654:. Resolve. Archived from 4539:Why USA held onto LRA man 4508:. Retrieved 10 June 2008. 4486:. Retrieved 10 June 2008. 4464:. Retrieved 10 June 2008. 3778:Africa, 2007 Consultation 1856:. Retrieved 10 June 2008. 1519:, and the LRA commanders 1415:Christian fundamentalists 1053:War in Uganda (1986–1994) 597:founded the LRA in 1987. 537: 431: 405: 389: 312: 304: 289: 279: 155: 139: 134: 52:This article needs to be 5598:Allied Democratic Forces 5254:An End to Child Soldiers 5219:23 December 2008 at the 4415:19 December 2008 at the 4351:19 December 2008 at the 4078:. Kampala, Uganda: USAID 3988:Frank Van Acker (2004). 3975:10.2979/aft.2008.54.4.70 3588:27 December 2013 at the 3375:. BBC. 19 January 2011. 3218:30 December 2008 at the 3182:28 December 2014 at the 2788:17 November 2004 at the 2773:17 November 2004 at the 2474:. Retrieved 2 June 2009. 2069:Smallarmssurveysudan.org 1851:16 November 2008 at the 1657:House of Representatives 1598:crime of forced marriage 1585:Central African Republic 1443:National Resistance Army 1360:, in a report funded by 1209:Central African Republic 809:National Resistance Army 746:National Resistance Army 653:The LRA was listed as a 622:National Resistance Army 614:Central African Republic 480:Central African Republic 381:Central African Republic 5583:(FDLR, created in 2000) 5198:8 February 2021 at the 5076:Green, Matthew (2008). 5049:Briggs, Jimmie (2005). 4772:1 February 2015 at the 4481:24 January 2016 at the 4419:, BBC News, 2 June 2006 4374:, BBC, 30 November 2005 3774:"Meeting Report: Day 3" 3271:14 October 2012 at the 2973:. START. Archived from 2744:in Okello Lucima, ed., 2517:3 November 2016 at the 2512:Uganda: A Country Study 1594:crimes against humanity 1232:Séléka Coalition rebels 1183:Feast of the Assumption 707:-speakers, such as the 639:in a new Ugandan state 5763:Rebel groups in Uganda 5713:Lord's Resistance Army 5604:Lord's Resistance Army 5539:(UNITA, in Second War) 5490:(MLC, created in 1998) 5347:/ FARDC, after Mobutu) 5264:24 August 2019 at the 5014:. Al Jazeera English. 4115:10.4102/hts.v75i3.4997 3810:ICG Africa Report N°77 2753:6 October 2008 at the 2740:21 August 2008 at the 1395: 1262: 1093:Lord's Resistance Army 933: 866:National Islamic Front 669:violations, including 650: 567:Lord's Resistance Army 135:Lord's Resistance Army 18:Lord’s Resistance Army 5778:Rebel groups in Sudan 5659:(UNITA, in First War) 4892:. 28 September 2015. 4503:20 April 2008 at the 4355:, BBC, 7 October 2005 4222:Ottonu, Agenga (1998 3886:: 284. Archived from 3568:15 April 2017 at the 3399:Anneke Van Woudenberg 3264:(30 December 2008). " 3150:. BBC. 5 March 2009. 2779:Amnesty International 1477:(SPLA). According to 1427:multi-party democracy 1385: 1362:United States Embassy 1260: 978:Garamba National Park 923: 649: 637:multi-party democracy 396:Christian nationalism 5353:(FAA, in Second War) 5314:Armed groups in the 5108:Lewis, Janet. 2020. 5080:. Portobello Books. 4925:. 26 February 2013. 4544:30 June 2015 at the 4462:on 17 December 2008. 4053:Harlacher, Thomas. " 4007:10.1093/afraf/adh044 3638:Uganda Radio Network 3609:. 21 November 2013. 3289:. London: Guardian. 3198:(6 January 2009). " 3008:. 23 February 2007. 2733:O’Kadameri, Billie. 2510:Rita M. Byrnes, ed. 1728:Global Night Commute 1647:signed into law the 1615:11 September attacks 1347:Holy Spirit Movement 1308:Contributing factors 1073:Holy Spirit Movement 966:a series of meetings 936:According to the UN 803:and Lakwena fled to 730:independence in 1962 548:Holy Spirit Movement 32:LRA (disambiguation) 5643:Government-aligned, 5398:(FAA, in First War) 5152:23 May 2012 at the 5139:17 May 2014 at the 4823:. Lawfareblog.com. 4744:. 15 October 2011. 4524:1 June 2018 at the 4434:7 June 2008 at the 4370:27 May 2006 at the 4271:26 May 2018 at the 4213:, 2005, p. 109-110. 4200:, 2005, p. 105-144. 3914:Africa Confidential 3175:(17 January 2009). 3038:on 29 November 2014 2843:on 31 December 2023 2804:"WikiFailed States" 2286:on 18 February 2011 2214:The Washington Post 1723:Christian terrorism 1672:Army Special Forces 1604:Foreign involvement 1213:humanitarian crisis 1068:Christmas massacres 721:Uganda Protectorate 575:Christian extremist 313:Active regions 293:Establishment of a 5768:Religion in Uganda 5723:Child sexual abuse 5232:LRA Crisis Tracker 5226:CandaceScharsu.com 5166:Invisible Children 4793:The New York Times 4718:on 27 October 2011 4626:The New York Times 4517:(14 January 2015) 4183:Singer, Peter W., 3323:on 19 October 2011 3173:Human Rights Watch 3073:on 30 October 2011 2977:on 22 October 2011 2806:. Foreign Policy. 2492:on 21 January 2012 2314:The New York Times 2104:on 22 October 2011 1913:The New York Times 1718:Christian violence 1559:Human Rights Watch 1470:in this conflict. 1407:James Alfred Obita 1263: 934: 651: 587:Ugandan insurgency 533:(since April 2024) 281:Dates of operation 98:You can assist by 5700: 5699: 5671: 5670: 5423: 5422: 5320:Second Congo Wars 5278:Matthew Brubacher 5087:978-1-84627-030-7 5068:978-0-465-00798-1 4869:National Archives 4855:. 23 April 2012. 4565:. 4 February 2021 4387:. Journeyman.tv. 4243:. 30 April 2012. 3845:The Seattle Times 3753:www.aljazeera.com 3692:. 19 January 2024 2876:978-1-84627-031-4 2766:Gersony, Robert. 2681:978-1-84627-031-4 2134:on 15 August 2010 1793:"On LRA Uniforms" 1668:military advisors 1579:In January 2015, 1316:In 2012, scholar 1139: 1138: 1078:ICC investigation 1032:Garamba offensive 987:Lord's Resistance 885:Pope John Paul II 870:Eastern Equatoria 683:child sex slavery 563: 562: 491:U.N. Peacekeepers 400:Dominion theology 128: 127: 120: 73: 72: 16:(Redirected from 5790: 5522:Anti-government, 5434: 5433: 5345:Mobuto Sese Seko 5331: 5330: 5308: 5301: 5294: 5285: 5284: 5209:Reuters AlertNet 5123: 5091: 5072: 5056: 5045: 5044:. Zed Books Ltd. 5028: 5027: 5025: 5023: 5008: 4999: 4998: 4996: 4994: 4985:. 2 March 2012. 4975: 4969: 4968: 4966: 4964: 4945: 4939: 4938: 4936: 4934: 4915: 4909: 4908: 4906: 4904: 4898: 4887: 4879: 4873: 4872: 4866: 4864: 4843: 4837: 4836: 4834: 4832: 4816: 4810: 4809: 4807: 4805: 4783: 4777: 4764: 4758: 4757: 4755: 4753: 4734: 4728: 4727: 4725: 4723: 4708: 4699: 4698: 4696: 4694: 4674: 4668: 4667: 4665: 4663: 4648: 4642: 4641: 4639: 4637: 4617: 4606: 4605: 4603: 4601: 4581: 4575: 4574: 4572: 4570: 4555: 4549: 4535: 4529: 4515: 4509: 4493: 4487: 4471: 4465: 4463: 4461: 4455:. 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The next day, 1542:On 2 June 2006, 1491:satellite phones 1390:Ten Commandments 1332:personality cult 1179:Ezo, South Sudan 1131: 1124: 1117: 1098:Makombo massacre 1058:Aboke abductions 1045:Related articles 1037:Haute-Kotto raid 1004:Conflict history 999: 983: 982: 877:Shaban Bantariza 839:in 1995 and the 750:Ugandan Bush War 541:Preceded by 513: 511: 510: 501: 499: 498: 489: 488: 487: 478: 476: 475: 466: 464: 463: 454: 452: 451: 442: 440: 439: 421:200−1,000 (2022) 412:500−3,000 (2007) 379: 377: 376: 366: 364: 363: 352: 350: 349: 339: 337: 336: 326: 324: 323: 295:theocratic state 282: 272: 260: 242: 228: 217: 204: 190: 180: 144: 132: 131: 123: 116: 112: 109: 103: 83: 82: 75: 68: 65: 59: 47: 46: 39: 21: 5798: 5797: 5793: 5792: 5791: 5789: 5788: 5787: 5703: 5702: 5701: 5696: 5689: 5667: 5644: 5638: 5615: 5586: 5548: 5523: 5517: 5476: 5429: 5419: 5389:Anti-government 5384: 5327:National armies 5322: 5312: 5266:Wayback Machine 5250:(24 April 2012) 5244:(25 April 2012) 5221:Wayback Machine 5200:Wayback Machine 5154:Wayback Machine 5141:Wayback Machine 5130: 5120:Children at War 5088: 5069: 5036: 5034:Further reading 5031: 5021: 5019: 5010: 5009: 5002: 4992: 4990: 4977: 4976: 4972: 4962: 4960: 4947: 4946: 4942: 4932: 4930: 4917: 4916: 4912: 4902: 4900: 4896: 4885: 4881: 4880: 4876: 4862: 4860: 4845: 4844: 4840: 4830: 4828: 4817: 4813: 4803: 4801: 4784: 4780: 4774:Wayback Machine 4765: 4761: 4751: 4749: 4736: 4735: 4731: 4721: 4719: 4710: 4709: 4702: 4692: 4690: 4675: 4671: 4661: 4659: 4658:on 28 July 2011 4650: 4649: 4645: 4635: 4633: 4618: 4609: 4599: 4597: 4582: 4578: 4568: 4566: 4557: 4556: 4552: 4546:Wayback Machine 4536: 4532: 4526:Wayback Machine 4516: 4512: 4505:Wayback Machine 4494: 4490: 4483:Wayback Machine 4472: 4468: 4459: 4452: 4448: 4446: 4442: 4436:Wayback Machine 4427: 4423: 4417:Wayback Machine 4408: 4404: 4394: 4392: 4383: 4382: 4378: 4372:Wayback Machine 4363: 4359: 4353:Wayback Machine 4344: 4340: 4330: 4328: 4327:on 23 June 2007 4319: 4318: 4314: 4304: 4302: 4287: 4283: 4279:, 12 March 2012 4273:Wayback Machine 4264: 4260: 4250: 4248: 4235: 4234: 4230: 4221: 4217: 4208: 4204: 4195: 4191: 4185:Children at War 4182: 4178: 4168: 4166: 4151: 4147: 4137: 4135: 4095: 4091: 4081: 4079: 4071: 4065: 4061: 4052: 4045: 4026:African Affairs 4022: 4015: 3994:African Affairs 3986: 3982: 3959: 3955: 3945: 3943: 3930: 3929: 3925: 3910: 3906: 3896: 3894: 3890: 3875: 3869: 3865: 3855: 3853: 3836: 3832: 3822: 3820: 3816: 3805: 3801: 3800: 3793: 3783: 3781: 3772: 3771: 3767: 3757: 3755: 3745: 3741: 3736: 3732: 3727: 3723: 3718: 3714: 3709: 3705: 3695: 3693: 3688: 3687: 3683: 3673: 3671: 3661: 3657: 3647: 3645: 3630: 3626: 3616: 3614: 3601: 3600: 3596: 3590:Wayback Machine 3580: 3576: 3570:Wayback Machine 3560: 3553: 3543: 3541: 3540:on 11 June 2012 3532: 3531: 3524: 3514: 3512: 3503: 3502: 3498: 3488: 3486: 3471: 3467: 3457: 3455: 3454:on 7 April 2013 3446: 3445: 3441: 3426: 3422: 3412: 3410: 3396: 3392: 3382: 3380: 3371: 3370: 3366: 3356: 3354: 3347:Catholic Herald 3341: 3340: 3336: 3326: 3324: 3317:Catholic Herald 3311: 3310: 3306: 3296: 3294: 3283: 3279: 3273:Wayback Machine 3260: 3256: 3246: 3244: 3229: 3225: 3220:Wayback Machine 3210: 3206: 3194: 3190: 3184:Wayback Machine 3171: 3167: 3157: 3155: 3146: 3145: 3138: 3128: 3126: 3117: 3116: 3112: 3102: 3100: 3091: 3090: 3086: 3076: 3074: 3070: 3063: 3059: 3058: 3051: 3041: 3039: 3030: 3029: 3025: 3015: 3013: 3000: 2999: 2990: 2980: 2978: 2967: 2963: 2953: 2951: 2940: 2936: 2926: 2924: 2913: 2909: 2899: 2897: 2889: 2888: 2884: 2877: 2860: 2856: 2846: 2844: 2831: 2830: 2823: 2813: 2811: 2800: 2796: 2790:Wayback Machine 2775:Wayback Machine 2765: 2761: 2755:Wayback Machine 2742:Wayback Machine 2732: 2723: 2713: 2711: 2700: 2689: 2682: 2665: 2656: 2651: 2647: 2643:, 2005, p. 113. 2638: 2634: 2629: 2625: 2615: 2613: 2604: 2603: 2596: 2586: 2584: 2583:on 16 June 2008 2575: 2574: 2567: 2557: 2555: 2548:Warchild.org.uk 2542: 2541: 2534: 2529: 2525: 2519:Wayback Machine 2509: 2505: 2495: 2493: 2482: 2478: 2467: 2463: 2453: 2451: 2440: 2433: 2423: 2421: 2404: 2397: 2387: 2385: 2372: 2371: 2367: 2357: 2355: 2340: 2333: 2323: 2321: 2306: 2299: 2289: 2287: 2268: 2261: 2251: 2249: 2241: 2240: 2233: 2223: 2221: 2206: 2199: 2184: 2177: 2167: 2165: 2154: 2147: 2137: 2135: 2124: 2117: 2107: 2105: 2096: 2095: 2091: 2081: 2079: 2075: 2064: 2060: 2059: 2050: 2040: 2038: 2037:. 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Rolling Stone 1951: 1947: 1938: 1937: 1933: 1923: 1921: 1904: 1900: 1890: 1888: 1884: 1878:Strategic Forum 1873: 1867: 1860: 1853:Wayback Machine 1843:(2 June 2007). 1839: 1830: 1822: 1818: 1808: 1806: 1789: 1785: 1775: 1773: 1760: 1759: 1755: 1751: 1714: 1687: 1611: 1606: 1505: 1499: 1460:Crispus Kiyonga 1452: 1334:of its leader, 1327: 1318:Mahmood Mamdani 1310: 1301: 1268: 1255: 1135: 989:Army insurgency 988: 962: 858: 742:Yoweri Museveni 738: 701: 695: 655:terrorist group 595:Joseph Rao Kony 593:, during which 591:Yoweri Museveni 559: 558: 557: 543: 529: 525: 521: 517: 508: 506: 505: 496: 494: 493: 485: 483: 482: 473: 471: 470: 461: 459: 458: 449: 447: 446: 437: 435: 427: 398: 385: 374: 372: 361: 359: 347: 345: 334: 332: 321: 319: 280: 275: 256: 247:Alphonse Lamola 238: 213: 200: 184:Caesar Achellam 151: 124: 113: 107: 104: 97: 84: 80: 69: 63: 60: 57: 48: 44: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5796: 5786: 5785: 5780: 5775: 5770: 5765: 5760: 5755: 5750: 5745: 5740: 5735: 5730: 5725: 5720: 5715: 5698: 5697: 5694: 5691: 5690: 5688: 5687: 5681: 5679: 5677:United Nations 5673: 5672: 5669: 5668: 5666: 5665: 5660: 5654: 5648: 5646: 5640: 5639: 5637: 5636: 5630: 5623: 5621: 5617: 5616: 5614: 5613: 5607: 5601: 5594: 5592: 5588: 5587: 5585: 5584: 5578: 5572: 5562: 5556: 5554: 5550: 5549: 5547: 5546: 5540: 5534: 5527: 5525: 5519: 5518: 5516: 5515: 5509: 5503: 5497: 5491: 5484: 5482: 5481:Uganda-aligned 5478: 5477: 5475: 5474: 5468: 5467:in South Kivu) 5458: 5453: 5447: 5440: 5438: 5437:Rwanda-aligned 5431: 5425: 5424: 5421: 5420: 5418: 5417: 5411: 5405: 5399: 5392: 5390: 5386: 5385: 5383: 5382: 5376: 5371: 5365: 5360: 5354: 5348: 5337: 5335: 5334:Pro-government 5328: 5324: 5323: 5311: 5310: 5303: 5296: 5288: 5282: 5281: 5274:Caesar Acellam 5256: 5251: 5245: 5239: 5234: 5229: 5223: 5211: 5202: 5190: 5185: 5175: 5169: 5163: 5157: 5144: 5129: 5128:External links 5126: 5125: 5124: 5115: 5106: 5092: 5086: 5073: 5067: 5046: 5035: 5032: 5030: 5029: 5000: 4970: 4940: 4910: 4874: 4852:whitehouse.gov 4838: 4811: 4778: 4759: 4729: 4700: 4669: 4643: 4607: 4590:Bloomberg News 4576: 4550: 4530: 4510: 4488: 4466: 4440: 4421: 4402: 4376: 4357: 4338: 4312: 4281: 4258: 4228: 4215: 4202: 4189: 4176: 4153:Obita, James. 4145: 4124:10019.1/106452 4089: 4059: 4043: 4013: 3980: 3953: 3923: 3904: 3863: 3830: 3791: 3765: 3739: 3730: 3721: 3712: 3703: 3681: 3669:Deutsche Welle 3655: 3624: 3594: 3574: 3551: 3522: 3496: 3465: 3439: 3420: 3390: 3364: 3334: 3304: 3277: 3254: 3223: 3204: 3188: 3165: 3136: 3110: 3084: 3049: 3023: 2988: 2961: 2950:on 7 July 2012 2934: 2907: 2882: 2875: 2863:Green, Matthew 2854: 2821: 2794: 2759: 2721: 2687: 2680: 2668:Green, Matthew 2654: 2645: 2632: 2623: 2594: 2565: 2532: 2523: 2503: 2476: 2461: 2431: 2395: 2365: 2331: 2297: 2259: 2231: 2197: 2175: 2145: 2115: 2089: 2048: 2021: 1995: 1968: 1945: 1931: 1898: 1858: 1828: 1826:, 23 July 2023 1816: 1798:Enough Project 1783: 1752: 1750: 1747: 1746: 1745: 1740: 1738:Resolve Uganda 1735: 1730: 1725: 1720: 1713: 1710: 1686: 1683: 1630:George W. Bush 1610: 1607: 1605: 1602: 1581:Dominic Ongwen 1525:Dominic Ongwen 1501:Main article: 1498: 1495: 1468:child soldiers 1451: 1448: 1447: 1446: 1439: 1436: 1433: 1430: 1358:Robert Gersony 1326: 1323: 1309: 1306: 1300: 1297: 1267: 1264: 1254: 1251: 1247:Thomas Kwoyelo 1194:Dominic Ongwen 1137: 1136: 1134: 1133: 1126: 1119: 1111: 1108: 1107: 1106: 1105: 1100: 1095: 1090: 1085: 1080: 1075: 1070: 1065: 1063:Atiak massacre 1060: 1055: 1047: 1046: 1042: 1041: 1040: 1039: 1034: 1029: 1024: 1019: 1014: 1006: 1005: 1001: 1000: 992: 991: 964:In 2006–2008, 961: 958: 930:Kitgum, Uganda 857: 854: 801:Jinja District 748:(NRA) won the 737: 734: 697:Main article: 694: 691: 579:Central Africa 561: 560: 556: 555: 550: 544: 539: 538: 535: 534: 433: 429: 428: 426: 425: 422: 419: 416: 415:300−400 (2011) 413: 409: 407: 403: 402: 393: 387: 386: 384: 383: 370: 357: 343: 330: 316: 314: 310: 309: 306: 302: 301: 291: 287: 286: 283: 277: 276: 274: 273: 262: 252:Nixman Oryanga 249: 244: 231: 222:Dominic Ongwen 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