364:. Li Siyuan, who had earlier rebelled against him, quickly arrived at Luoyang and claimed the imperial title (as he was an adoptive brother of Li Cunxu's). Shortly after, he began to send secret emissaries to Lu Wenjin, trying to persuade him to defect back — pointing out that with a new Later Tang regime, the past hatred for Lu's killing of Li Cunju was gone. Lu's own soldiers, predominantly Han, wanted him to do so, and he thereafter killed the commander of the Khitan garrison (sent to assist him) and took his army (described to be about 100,000 men in strength with 8,000 wagons) to You Prefecture to submit to Later Tang. Li Siyuan made him the military governor of Yicheng Circuit (義成, headquartered in modern
206:) persuaded the soldiers to mutiny, and they killed Li Cunju. They offered the command to Lu, who, after mourning Li Cunju and stating, "These slaves murdered the young master. How can I ever see the Prince again?" accepted. (However, it was also believed that Lu was complicit, as he had resented Li Cunju for forcing him to give his beautiful daughter to Li Cunju to be a concubine.) They returned to Xin Prefecture, but the defender of the city, Yang Quanzhang (
309:, declined) and Khitan, through Lu. When Li Cunxu thereafter did, as anticipated, announce a general campaign against Zhang, Emperor Taizu launched a major attack south. However, when Li Cunxu himself engaged the Khitan army in spring 922 and defeated them, Emperor Taizu, stating to Lu, "Heaven did not intend for me to come here," and withdrew. Later in the year, with the Khitan army repelled, Chengde's capital Zhen Prefecture (鎮州, in modern
305:, who took over the Zhao territories and reassumed his birth name of Zhang Wenli. While Li Cunxu initially tried to placate him by commissioning him as the acting military governor of Chengde Circuit (成德, i.e., Zhao territory), Zhang became convinced that Li Cunxu would eventually attack him. He thus sought aid from both Later Liang (whose emperor,
338:. In light of the Later Tang victory, Khitan did not relent in its pressure, and continued yearly raids against Later Tang, and further demanded that Li Cunxu cede Lulong so that it could be given to Lu; Li Cunxu refused. When Emperor Taizu later that year decided to try to conquer Khitan's eastern neighbor
191:
and the deserters from the Yan army to deliver them to the Jin-Later Liang front; he also ordered a conscription of horses from the region, which alienated the people. Li Cunju gathered up 500 horses and cavalry soldiers, and decided to personally deliver them south to Li Cunxu, with Lu assisting
262:
and Yiwu
Circuit (義武, headquartered in modern Baoding), Zhou was defeated by a massive (300,000 men) Khitan army, and was forced to withdraw back to Lulong's capital You Prefecture (幽州, i.e., Fanyang), which, under advice from Lu, the Khitan army put him under siege. While a subsequent Jin army,
330:), returned to their routines of guiding Khitan soldiers in harassing Jin's northern borders, causing much worries for Li Cunxu in his resumed campaign against Later Liang. Despite this and other difficulties, however, he was able to capture Later Liang's capital
487:) and created the Prince of Fanyang. It was said that Lu, during this time, was respectful to others and welcomed guests, but only talked about civilian matters, not military matters. For reasons unknown, he developed a rivalry with the official
118:. He had, early in his career, defected to Khitan and was instrumental in building Khitan's strategies of periodic incursions into Chinese territory, but later redefected to Later Tang. When Later Tang was overthrown by the Khitan-supported
277:, were able to lift the siege and force a Khitan retreat, the Lulong/Khitan boundary had been left vulnerable. Emperor Taizu thereafter gave Lu the title of military governor of Lulong as well, stationing him and his ethnic
348:) on guard on the Later Tang borders to ward against a potential Later Tang attack, although he was unable to conquer Balhae at that time. (He was eventually able to in 926, and bestowed Balhae lands on his oldest son
501:), who was also his son-in-law, submitted a petition rebutting Feng's charges. While Gao was subsequently exiled as a result, Feng's accusations against Lu also stopped, causing his household to be spared.
293:
soldiers on incursions into Jin territory, as well as on the more major attacks on Jin. The food shipments to Lulong were often pillaged by the Khitan forces, leaving Lulong's prefectures in distress.
446:. As he passed through each garrison, he entered and informed its commander the reasons for his flight; those commanders, respecting his decision, bowed to him and allowed him to proceed to Wu.
244:
Soon thereafter, with Lu Wenjin as their guide, the Khitan army launched a major attack on Jin's northern borders, quickly capturing Xin
Prefecture. Lu made his subordinate Liu Yin (
477:, and changed his name to Li Bian — Lu was recalled to the Southern Tang court to serve as a general of the imperial guards; he was also given the honorary chancellor title of
735:) — which would have been an honorary post, given that Wu did not control Xuanwu — but it appeared to be in error, given that Ningguo's capital was Xuan Prefecture (宣州). See
250:) its prefect. When, under Li Cunxu's orders, Zhou Dewei then came to attack Xin with his own Lulong army, reinforced by armies of Jin's Hedong (河東, headquartered in modern
192:
him. The soldiers were fearful of the dangerous fighting ahead of them, but Li Cunju did not pay heed and did not comfort them. When they reached Qigo Pass (祁溝關, in modern
134:. He was said to be tall and impressive in his appearance, and known for eating and drinking far more than ordinary men. In his youth, he came to serve under the warlord
869:
442:
to replace it. Lu Wenjin, hearing of the news, became fearful, as he had himself rebelled against Khitan, and therefore decided to abandon his post and flee to
334:
in a surprise attack in 923. Zhu committed suicide as
Daliang fell, ending Later Liang and allowing Li Cunxu to take over its territory as the emperor of a new
495:
was emperor, Feng made false accusations against Lu and wanted to confiscate not only his property, but his household as well. His assistant Gao Yue (
438:(Emperor Taizu's son and successor), defeated the Later Tang army sent against him. Li Congke committed suicide with his family, and Shi established
879:
158:
attacked Yan, Lu Wenjin surrendered to Jin, and, because he surrendered early, was given the title of prefect of Shou
Prefecture (壽州, in modern
864:
775:
607:
394:), and later recalled to the imperial government to serve as a general of the imperial guards. Yet later in Li Siyuan's reign (during the
859:
166:) — purely an honorary post as Jin did not then control that region. Li Cunxu assigned Lu to serve under his younger brother Li Cunju (
934:
874:
321:(who had taken over after Zhang died shortly after the Jin campaign against him began) was executed, and Jin took over Chengde.
212:), refused to let them. Lu then attacked Wu Prefecture (武州, in modern Zhangjiakou), but was repelled by the general Li Sigong (
228:) of Lulong Circuit (盧龍, headquartered at Fanyang) also launched an army against Lu, Lu was forced to flee to the territory of
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As of 917, by which time Li Cunxu had conquered Yan, he was locked into a lengthy campaign with Jin's archrival
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727:, by contrast, indicated that Lu was made the military governor of Xuanwu Circuit (宣武, headquartered in modern
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era (930-933)), he was made the military governor of Zhaoyi
Circuit (昭義, headquartered in modern
434:, then the military governor of Hedong, rebelled against Li Congke and, with aid from Khitan's
122:, Lu, in fear, fled to Wu, and remained at Wu and then Southern Tang for the rest of his life.
187:. That year, he ordered Li Cunju to collect the talented soldiers of the region north of the
465:). He later served as the military governor of Zhenhai Circuit (鎮海, headquartered in modern
414:(934-936), he served as the military governor of Anyuan Circuit (安遠, headquartered in modern
259:
233:
324:
After this failed campaign, Lu and another Han officer who surrendered to Khitan, Wang Yu (
139:
95:
780:
612:
138:, who controlled the region and who would later declare himself the emperor of a state of
8:
849:
298:
26:
386:). About a year later, he was moved to Weisheng Circuit (威勝, headquartered in modern
443:
188:
107:
88:
21:
787:
563:
457:
made him the military governor of
Ningguo Circuit (寧國, headquartered in modern
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838:
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111:
43:
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318:
310:
229:
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17:
130:
It is not known when Lu Wenjin was born, but it is known that he was from
306:
302:
282:
278:
173:
473:). Yet later — by which point Xu had seized the Wu throne, established
349:
488:
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466:
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In 926, Li Cunxu was killed in a mutiny at then-Later Tang capital
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In 936, Li Congke's brother-in-law (Li Siyuan's son-in-law)
172:) the military prefect of Xin Prefecture (新州, in modern
491:. After his death in 944, by which time Li Bian's son
449:Upon Lu's arrival at the Wu court, the Wu regent
836:
870:Jin (Later Tang precursor) government officials
410:era of Li Siyuan's adoptive son and successor
289:). Each year, he would guide Khitan's ethnic
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482:
381:
343:
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268:
245:
213:
207:
201:
167:
82:
66:
50:
37:
776:Spring and Autumn Annals of the Ten Kingdoms
608:Spring and Autumn Annals of the Ten Kingdoms
281:soldiers at Ping Prefecture (平州, in modern
687:
685:
425:
581:
579:
577:
342:, he left Lu and the Xi chieftain Tunei (
258:), as well as the armies of Jin's allies
602:
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880:Liao dynasty jiedushi of Lulong Circuit
701:
682:
519:
517:
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453:greatly honored him, and Wu's emperor
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301:was assassinated by his adoptive son
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355:
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239:
13:
860:Yan (Five Dynasties period) people
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935:Political office-holders in Hebei
875:Political office-holders in Anhui
764:New History of the Five Dynasties
546:New History of the Five Dynasties
378:Tong Zhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi
74:New History of the Five Dynasties
263:commanded by the major generals
717:
142:, as a general of the cavalry.
200:), the officer Gong Yanzhang (
1:
752:History of the Five Dynasties
525:History of the Five Dynasties
145:
125:
58:History of the Five Dynasties
372:) and gave him the honorary
7:
218:). When the major general
110:, and Wu's successor state
10:
956:
15:
497:
483:
382:
344:
326:
269:
246:
214:
208:
202:
168:
83:
67:
51:
38:
855:Politicians from Beijing
102:, Jin's successor state
87:), was a general of the
426:During Wu/Southern Tang
232:and submit to Khitan's
222:the military governor (
920:Southern Tang jiedushi
406:). Later, during the
317:), fell. Zhang's son
297:In 921, Zhao's prince
940:Generals from Beijing
505:Notes and references
905:Later Tang jiedushi
845:9th-century births
890:Weisheng jiedushi
356:During Later Tang
189:Taihang Mountains
114:, as well as the
79:Prince of Fanyang
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925:Zhenhai jiedushi
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150:In 913, when
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136:Liu Shouguang
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78:
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62:
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33:
32:
25:
18:Chinese name
303:Wang Deming
283:Qinhuangdao
267:, Yan Bao (
185:Later Liang
174:Zhangjiakou
71:) (per the
55:) (per the
22:family name
850:944 deaths
839:Categories
489:Feng Yanji
374:chancellor
336:Later Tang
275:Li Cunshen
220:Zhou Dewei
146:During Jin
126:Background
104:Later Tang
467:Zhenjiang
459:Xuancheng
451:Xu Zhigao
440:Later Jin
412:Li Congke
396:Changxing
376:title of
299:Wang Rong
265:Li Siyuan
120:Later Jin
34:Lu Wenjin
791:, vols.
741:vol. 281
712:vol. 280
696:vol. 275
677:vol. 273
661:vol. 272
645:vol. 271
629:vol. 270
590:vol. 269
569:vol. 268
400:Changzhi
383:同中書門下平章事
350:Yelü Bei
307:Zhu Zhen
225:Jiedushi
152:Li Cunxu
16:In this
781:vol. 24
769:vol. 48
757:vol. 97
729:Kaifeng
613:vol. 24
551:vol. 48
530:vol. 97
493:Li Jing
471:Jiangsu
455:Yang Pu
416:Xiaogan
408:Qingtai
388:Nanyang
362:Luoyang
332:Daliang
273:), and
252:Taiyuan
194:Baoding
132:Fanyang
94:states
89:Chinese
47:Guoyong
404:Shanxi
366:Anyang
340:Balhae
256:Shanxi
63:Dayong
20:, the
733:Henan
463:Anhui
420:Hebei
392:Henan
370:Henan
315:Hebei
287:Hebei
198:Hebei
178:Hebei
164:Anhui
160:Lu'an
61:) or
723:The
260:Zhao
829:281
825:280
821:276
817:275
813:273
809:272
805:271
801:270
797:269
793:268
484:中書令
422:).
352:.)
279:Han
215:李嗣肱
209:楊全章
203:宮彥璋
180:).
169:李存矩
156:Jin
140:Yan
100:Jin
96:Yan
84:范陽王
39:盧文進
24:is
841::
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498:高越
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444:Wu
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345:禿餒
327:王郁
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291:Xi
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270:閻寶
254:,
247:劉殷
236:.
196:,
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162:,
108:Wu
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98:,
68:大用
52:國用
27:Lu
831:.
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714:.
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