2003:
875:
424:
963:
1565:(such as the court having been given only 24 hours to assess evidence from years of investigation, and the death penalty having been decided by the party leadership before being imposed on the panel of judges). Evidence was also presented that some of the false confessions were designed as political weapons in internal party struggles (implicating names of politicians who were not facing trial at the time).
1584:, while shadowing his fundamental role in the creation of the new penal system in Romania. In fact, although he was frequently quoted and displayed by the regime, Pătrășcanu's life was usually described in brief and vague sentences. In popular discourse, Pătrășcanu was also largely identified with positive causes, and remained among the most popular Communist figures after the
1239:", and used instead the more distant formula "Professor Pătrășcanu", at the same time as Gheorghiu-Dej's speeches on combating internal currents of the Party. The VIth Party Congress in February 1948 did not confirm his Central Committee membership, and in the months following the event, he was removed from government office.
1419:, who were accused by the Soviet adviser Sakharovskii of having "sabotaged and postponed investigations" in the Pătrășcanu case. The Central Committee plenum that purged them assigned the Pătrășcanu investigation to a team of Securitate officials and their Soviet advisors, directly supervised by Alexandru Drăghici,
859:
collaboration to escape justice in postwar
Romania. The postwar regime "went easy" on the mass of genocidal antisemites, sentencing them to relatively minor punishments. Early amnesties were often granted. For example, on 1 June 1945, Pătrășcanu successfully had 29 death sentences commuted by the King.
31:
2045:
Elena Pătrășcanu was also a party activist, and was instrumental in maintaining links between her husband and other
Communist leaders during the early stages of World War II. Implicated in the trial and forced to testify against Lucrețiu Pătrășcanu, she was given eight years in prison. She spent over
1529:
Belu Zilber, the first of the group to give in to
Securitate pressures and confess to the charges, was verbally attacked by Pătrășcanu inside the courthouse — Pătrășcanu notably accused him of having invented the entire conspiracy account. Records of their various interrogations show that both he and
1467:
before his trial. Researcher
Lavinia Betea notes however that, when his and Koffler's body where exhumed in 1968, both their skeletons were complete. Moreover, she concludes that, unlike the case of other defendants, physical violence was never used against Pătrășcanu or his wife. The execution took
1242:
Belu Zilber claimed that having himself been subject to suspicion and marginalisation, he had attempted to warn Pătrășcanu of the change in climate, and had asked him to consider fleeing the
Eastern Bloc, only to be stiffly rebuffed. Zilber was eventually arrested in February 1948, on suspicion that
1564:
investigated the matter of his arrest and interrogation, concluding that evidence against Pătrășcanu was fabricated, that he had been systematically beaten and otherwise ill-treated, and that a confession had been prepared for him to sign. This was coupled with various irregularities in procedures
2078:), centers on the character Petrescu, largely based on Pătrășcanu, who is persecuted by the party secretary Pavel Stoian (a disguised reference to Gheorghiu-Dej), while living to see his hopes for a better future fulfilled by Mihai Duma (standing for Ceaușescu). For a while after its publication,
927:
was planning his assassination and that he intended to blame it on political opponents of the
Communist Party (as a means to direct sympathy towards the latter group). He suspected that Bodnăraș had chosen to back Gheorghiu-Dej (allegedly fearing that Pătrășcanu was betraying the fragile alliance
1410:
Serious questions remain on the positions of the various
Romanian Communist leaders on the Pătrășcanu case. The matter has not been satisfactorily resolved in the Romanian archives, for the simple reason that all records and transcripts of Politburo and Secretariat discussions on Pătrășcanu were
1555:
the party leadership has uncovered the anti-party line which
Alexandru Drăghici, encouraged by servile, uncultured, and decaying elements, has introduced to the bodies' activities, attempting to remove them from party control and to erect them into supreme bodies standing above party and state
1534:
as the main instigator of their downfall. Reportedly, Zilber had the following opinion of Pătrășcanu: "He was anti-Stalinist and anti-Russian, but for the sake of power he would sign on any
Stalinist ineptitude and wickedness. I think his only purpose in life, more than socialism, was to enter
336:
He had an intense journalistic activity. Collaborator in numerous newspapers, where he published his articles under various pseudonyms: M Andreescu; Bercu; R. Boldur; Coca; V. Dragomir; Fischer; Ghiță; Grigorescu; Ion. C. Ion; N. Lascenco; Mihalcea; Miron; Victor Mălin; A. Moldoveanu; Andrei
1870:
While endorsing some aspects of
Dobrogeanu-Gherea's theories regarding the ways in which serfdom was allegedly prolonged, in a discreet form, even after the 20th century, Pătrășcanu challenged his refusal to investigate the effects of capitalism in rural areas. According to Pătrășcanu, the
1616:
Aside from its support for communist tenets, his work shared many characteristics with the prominent currents of the Romanian sociological school (notably, the attention paid to prevailing social contrasts in a peasant-dominated environment), and made occasional use of material provided by
858:
character". Indeed, under Pătrășcanu, Romania was the only country in Eastern Europe to initiate only a small number of court proceedings against accused war criminals and collaborators. This declaration of practically singular responsibility allowed many of those guilty of war crimes and
1340:
Immediately after his second suicide attempt, the Pătrășcanu inquiry was transferred to the Interior Ministry, where it was suspended for a six-month period to enable officers to determine a factual basis in the case. When the inquiry resumed in February 1951, Interior Minister
1282:(apparently contradicting the committee's conclusions) ordered Pătrășcanu's transfer into the custody of the Secret Service of the Council of Ministers (SSI) under the provisional charge that Pătrășcanu had not reported various political crimes. A report on "
1744:, the most successful of similar revolts at the time, was, according to Pătrășcanu, a mature reaction of bourgeois circles against boyar supremacy ("it only sought to replace a minority with another"), but was generally not opposed to preserving an
1427:. Under this new team, torture and beating began to be employed in interrogations in the Pătrășcanu case for the first time in the fall of 1952. In time, authorities also alleged that, before 1944, Pătrășcanu, like Zilber, had acted as an agent of
3650:"Destinul colectiv, servitutea involuntară, nefericirea totalitară: trei mituri ale comunismului românesc" interbelică la communism" ("Collective Destiny, Involuntary Servitude, Totalitarian Misery: Three Myths of Romanian Communism"), in
874:
906:
During the late 1940s, he is thought to have begun expressing his opposition to strict Stalinist guidelines; at the same time, Pătrășcanu had become suspect to the rest of the party leadership for his intellectual approach to socialism.
3038:"Report on the Party Commission Established to Clarify the Situation of Lucrețiu Pătrășcanu, submitted to the Party Leadership on June 29, 1968," Executive Archive of the Central Committee of the R.C.P., pp. 43-44; cited in Levy,
2488:
1336:
The day after the SSI began its inquiry, Pătrășcanu attempted suicide by slitting his veins with a smuggled razor blade; upon his recovery, he tried to take his life a second time by swallowing an overdose of sleeping pills.
849:
newspaper, Pătrășcanu had reassured media that "industrialists, businessmen and bankers will escape punishment as war criminals"; Cliff also argued that the new course in justice had failed to alter what he saw as Romania's
3616:
Ghorghe I. Ioniță, "Tezele Moscovei, ordin și pentru marionetele de la București. Cominternul, PCdR și problema națională" ("Moscow's Theses, Orders for the Bucharest Puppets. The Comintern, PCdR and the National Issue"),
703:
on the matter). Coposu also claimed that, through Pătrășcanu, the Communist Party had entered negotiations with the other opposition groups and informed them of abandoning its previous theses of the future Romanian state.
1166:, and explained that such articles were harming his image inside the Communist Party. Nevertheless, Pătrășcanu's writings of the time show that, in contrast with his 1928 point of view, he had largely accommodated
1568:
At the Party Plenum in late April 1968, Ceaușescu used Pătrășcanu's case and other ones to single out the negative influence of Drăghici and Iosif Chișinevschi, while also placing suspicion on Emil Bodnăraș and
3605:
Dragoș Drăgoescu, "Arma politică a reabilitărilor. Caruselul crimelor și liderii comuniști români" ("The Political Weapon of Rehabilitations. The Murder Carousel and Romanian Communist Leaders"), pp. 20–34
919:. But he was also a very arrogant man, self-important, intolerant, and unwilling to communicate with his party comrades. And yet, Gheorghiu-Dej treasured him. Between '46-'48, Pătrășcanu changed quite a lot."
1815:, most of whom had emphasized various contradictions between the Marxian model and local realities, using Junimea's theory as a fundament (aside from Pătrășcanu's own father, these included his contemporary
1392:
951:; it was also contended that Pauker was intrigued by Pătrășcanu's self-promotion in front of Soviet overseers during late 1944. Under arrest, however, Pătrășcanu asserted that he was closest to
664:, who later claimed had friendly contacts with Pătrășcanu at the time, also claimed that the latter had been selected by the Soviets as representative of the Communists (during negotiations in
947:, in her post-war confrontation with Gheorghiu-Dej. It is apparent that Pătrășcanu was alarmed by Pauker's close cooperation with Soviet overseers, and especially by her tight connection with
786:
early in 1944 (before Gheorghiu-Dej secured the position for himself), was considered leader of the party's "Secretariat Communists" (perceived as less willing to follow Stalin's directions).
553:
and the "prison faction" of the Party (the communists inside Romania, virtually all imprisoned at various stages of the war, as opposed to those who had taken refuge inside the Soviet Union).
3744:
Tudor Caranfil, "Despre destin și istorie, cu Ionel Mocsony Stârcea, baron de Foen" ("On Destiny and History, with Ionel Mocsony Stârcea, baron de Foen", interview with Mocsony Stârcea), in
1551:, in the latter's attempt to discredit his predecessors and establish his own legitimacy. The main target of this campaign, as indicated by a Central Committee resolution, was Drăghici:
1372:
campaign", as well as to aid his party in competing with the appeal of the National Peasants' Party among Romanians in Transylvania (to "take the weapon that was Transylvania away from
4053:
3913:("Thinkers and Trends in Romanian Social History"), Chapter X: "Doctrina comunistă a lui Lucrețiu Pătrășcanu (1901-1954)" ("The Communist Doctrine of Lucrețiu Pătrășcanu (1901-1954)")
1910:
Arguing in favor of a Romanian communist society during the late 1940s, Pătrășcanu indicated a series of essential steps to this goal: after discarding all legislation passed by the
1752:'s traditional criticism of post-1848 realities, indicating that, in its theory of "forms without substance", the group had failed to note that, as a means to preserve several
1701:. He rejected the notion that, despite Vladimirescu's statements to the contrary, the rebellion had a peasant character, and argued instead that it was evidence of low-ranking
1129:
to coinhabiting nationalities, but the Magyar population needs to understand that its belonging to the Romanian state is definitive. Nobody has the right to debate our borders.
4128:
2015:
3608:
Florin Müller, "Cu cărțile pe masă. Politică și istoriografie: Lucrețiu Pătrășcanu" ("Cards on the Table. Politics and Historiography: Lucrețiu Pătrășcanu"), p. 61-63
1368:
It was in 1951 that Pătrășcanu responded to the charges voiced by Gheorghiu-Dej after the Cluj incident, indicating that he had attempted to "answer to the Hungarian
1106:
to sell their wheat harvest to the government, to be used as aid. Received with suspicion, he later reported that he had eventually been able to carry out the task.
1411:
summarily destroyed on Gheorghiu-Dej's orders. In any case, no piece of evidence or confession was obtained by the inquiry until after May 1952, after the purge of
619:
3632:
1345:
ordered that the detainees in the case were not to be physically coerced, in stark contrast to the expressed instructions of the ministry's chief Soviet adviser,
1561:
4153:
4033:
3709:
2491:[Stalin's apostles. Lucrețiu Pătrășcanu, the communist-intellectual who could have been: "I like women, but my number one mistress remains politics"].
2002:
1235:
and, on public occasions, his name was mentioned after those of less significant politicians. The Communist press virtually ceased referring to Pătrășcanu as "
1502:
The actions taken against Pătrășcanu and others signaled the start of a wave of arrests and prison sentences, including that of his wife, as well as those of
4043:
3759:("The Crisis of Law in Romania"). Cap. II: "Revendicarea unei noi repartiții a proprietății funciare" ("The Call for a New Repartition of Land Ownership")
1879:
and other, more minor, peasant rebellions, was not a sign of prolonged feudalism, but one of capitalist penetration into agriculture. Contradicting the
629:'s court between 1942 and 1944, he met Pătrășcanu in April 1944 in order to mediate an agreement between the monarch and the Communists regarding a pro-
2489:"Apostolii lui Stalin. Lucrețiu Pătrășcanu, comunistul-intelectual care ar fi putut fi: "Îmi plac femeile, dar amanta mea numărul unu rămâne politica""
1888:
1494:
Pătrășcanu refused to be represented by a lawyer, and even to organize his own defense. Aside from some outbursts against the prosecutors, he stated:
521:
argues that during this time he developed doubts about Stalinism itself. During the following years, Pătrășcanu continued to prioritize opposition to
4088:
1609:
with his sociological training, producing an original outlook on social evolution (focusing on major trends in Romanian society from the time of the
1515:
1424:
1362:
982:
Although, overall, Pătrășcanu was argued to have been much less revolutionary-minded than various other PCR ideologues, his original perspective on
3659:
4038:
1511:
586:
866:, which contributed to the latter's decision to initiate the "royal strike" (a refusal to countersign documents issued by the Groza executive).
793:
government, Pătrășcanu was also one of the initiators of purges and persecutions, being responsible for dismissing and arresting members of the
4158:
4138:
3173:
1522:'s lover), and Alexandru Ștefănescu. In preparation for the trial, the Securitate organized interrogations of political detainees or suspects (
3939:
3935:
3931:
3865:
3755:
1043:
A serious break with the party line occurred in early 1946, when Pătrășcanu decided to take initiative and intervened in the standoff between
4048:
3256:
3877:
T. A. Pokilvailova, "Metode de desfășurare a alegerilor din România" ("Methods through Which the Romanian Elections Were Carried Out"), in
3731:
1880:
1724:
911:, a collaborator of Gheorghiu-Dej's, later expressed a particular view on the matter of Pătrășcanu's relations with the rest of the party:
3695:
4108:
1255:
On April 28, 1948, Pătrășcanu was arrested and came under the investigation of a party committee, comprising the high-ranking Communists
767:
late in 1944—and was largely responsible for the success his party had in controlling Romania's legal framework for the following years.
692:, and assumed leadership of the party (Gheorghiu-Dej had probably attracted Pătrășcanu's support for the planned move as early as 1943).
4123:
4113:
3890:
1228:
by his Soviet overseers, and he himself complained to Gheorghiu-Dej about the party's suspicion surrounding his diplomatic activities.
937:
4103:
4098:
4068:
3909:
1287:
1839:
As part of his reflection on post-1900 realities, Pătrășcanu contended that, relatively delayed in comparison to economies of the
4013:
3188:
1863:
was being accumulated inside Romania, and only transferred further through a limited number of industries. The Marxist historian
557:
325:(1921). Professionally, he was educated at the University of Bucharest's Faculty of Law, from which he graduated in 1922, and at
1605:
In his most important volumes (most of which attracted public attention only after 1944), Pătrășcanu combined his commitment to
4083:
4063:
1377:
1017:
943:
Historiography is divided over the possibility of Pătrășcanu having initially allied himself with the PCR's second in command,
895:
653:
3732:"«Recunoștința» Partidului față de cei care l-au subvenționat" ("The Party's «Recognition» towards Those Who Had Financed It")
2962:
Pătrășcanu and his SSI handlers revealed this in subsequent interrogations or statements; cited in Levy, p. 145, 318, note 99.
695:
According to Mocsony Stârcea, Pătrășcanu was responsible for a compromise between the Communist Party and institutions of the
525:, and remained active in the PCR. In 1936, he was heading the defense team of PCR members who were facing the much-publicized
3157:
1025:
4023:
4028:
1768:
1365:
were away on their summer vacation. When the advisers returned, they angrily vetoed any closing of the Pătrășcanu inquiry.
517:
Pătrășcanu again served as the PCdR's representative to the Comintern in 1933, and 1934 (remaining in Moscow until 1935);
4073:
1484:
1141:(in Arad's case, forty inspectors nominated by the government had sole control over counting and recording the results).
729:
2682:
Declaration of Lucrețiu Pătrășcanu, November 18, 1949, ASRI, Fond P, Dosar 40002, Vol. 1, p. 113; cited in Robert Levy,
4018:
733:
4133:
4118:
3964:
3107:
1876:
1844:
717:
3665:
2010:
Lucrețiu Pătrășcanu was married to Elena, born Herta Schwamen, who had a career as a stage designer (employed, with
254:(PCR), also noted for his activities as a lawyer, sociologist and economist. For a while, he was a professor at the
3977:
2363:
Petreu, "O generație apolitică, paricidă, autohtonistă, experiențialistă, antipașoptistă"; Tănase, "Belu Zilber".II
1125:
In the name of the government and of the PCR, I raise my voice against border changes . Democratic Romania ensures
1012:
and Pauker's vocal support for the latter policy. Instead, he argued in favor of "making a distinction inside the
2255:
1295:
1232:
2258:[Lucrețiu Pătrășcanu, the journalist with over 10 pseudonyms] (in Romanian). Info Cultural. 1 March 2021
986:
remained strongly connected with party doctrine in its most essential points (including his intense advocacy of
4093:
4078:
3952:
1134:
1087:
798:
447:
42:
3768:"Boierii comuniști" ("The Communist Boyars", interview with Dimitrie Calimachi, the son of Scarlat Callimachi)
2179:
Mocsony Stârcea, in Caranfil, p.30. The Pătrășcanu branch of the family was also described as "of low-ranking
1580:
Ceaușescu profited on the enduring perception of Lucrețiu Pătrășcanu's activities as patriotic and verging on
423:
379:
Congress of 1928, where he was present under the name Mironov, Pătrășcanu clashed with the Comintern overseer
303:
191:
4148:
3983:
1801:
1741:
1303:
1110:
267:
153:
4008:
1556:
leadership, thus causing serious harm to activity in various domains, including that of scientific research.
1071:
4143:
4058:
3866:"Generația '27 între Holocaust și Gulag" ("The '27 Generation between the Holocaust and the Gulag"), Part I
1820:
1361:, reached the conclusion that there was no basis to continue Pătrășcanu's prosecution—and did so while the
1179:
899:
863:
771:
638:
479:
1075:
699:(allegedly assuring the king that it was not his party's intent to proclaim a republic without a previous
3683:
1698:
1153:
657:
3721:"Portret în gri. Pătrășcanu – deputat de Arad" ("Portrait in Grey. Pătrășcanu – a Deputy for Arad"), in
3821:
1191:
779:
669:
318:
251:
1190:
In 1946-1947, Pătrășcanu was nevertheless a member of the Tătărescu-headed Romanian delegation to the
278:
and was ultimately executed. Fourteen years after Pătrășcanu's death, Romania's new communist leader,
3808:
1651:
736:
458:
masking the outlawed party. Later in the same year, the 5th Party Congress (held in Soviet exile, at
65:
572:, was trying to preserve good relations with the Soviet Union. He subsequently followed orders from
2613:
The Holocaust in Romania: The Destruction of Jews and Gypsies Under the Antonescu Regime, 1940-1944
2031:
1923:
1729:
561:
406:
are not a nation apart and—from a historical and geographical point of view—Moldovans are the same
173:
1693:
Pătrășcanu contended that the first relevant social conflict had occurred in 1821, at the time of
681:
414:. Thus, I believe that the introduction of such a false point renders the resolution itself false.
1610:
1544:
1523:
1488:
1144:
Pătrășcanu soon received harsh criticism from Gheorghiu-Dej, who branded the views expressed as "
1021:
344:, he was one of the original members of the PCR (known as PCdR at the time) in 1921. Pătrășcanu,
283:
255:
205:
3767:
3633:"Pătrășcanu a primit un glonț în ceafă" ("Pătrășcanu Received a Bullet in the Back of the Neck")
862:
Pătrășcanu put pressure on King Michael to sign legislation that went against the letter of the
759:, reestablishing communication between the two major sections of the PCR. Pătrășcanu joined the
1487:(where a team of Romanian officers had been sent to take notes) and, possibly, from the Soviet
971:
883:
806:
680:
for further contacts). It was also at this time that Gheorghiu-Dej and Bodnăraș, together with
630:
550:
271:
3944:
2610:
1439:
Pătrășcanu was kept in detention until 1954, when he was executed on 17 April with Koffler at
3801:
3097:
2595:
1971:. Transcending Leninist rhetoric, the work postulates a characteristic inability of Romanian
1884:
1823:). In parallel, Pătrășcanu's theories were in sharp contrast with those held by advocates of
1346:
1317:
962:
932:). Consequently, he attempted to block Bodnăraș's rise to power, and denounced his reputedly
887:
337:
Moldoveanu; L. D. Pătrășcanu; Stătescu; Titu; Vrabie and with the initials A. M and L. D. P.
163:
1961:
The arguably most influential of Pătrășcanu's writings remains his analysis of the Romanian
1728:) had been manipulated by high-ranking boyars as a measure to dissuade adverse reactions to
1460:
1452:
1428:
1260:
1244:
4003:
3998:
3956:
3855:("The Thirties: the Far Right in Romania"), Ed. Fundației Culturale Române, Bucharest, 1995
3831:
3790:
2006:
Lucrețiu and Elena Pătrășcanu at their residence on Vasile Lascăr Street in Bucharest, 1945
1939:
1852:
1667:
1589:
1047:
933:
834:
810:
626:
3714:
3637:
2047:
1899:
was shrinking under pressure from successful capitalists, while rejecting the notion that
1686:(which he also noted), the local economy had not contrasted with the stages postulated by
1548:
1526:, who testified against Pătrășcanu and was the target of a sharp rebuke from the latter).
1349:, to do everything necessary to determine the guilt of the accused. In the summer of 1951
1267:; interrogations were occasionally attended by Gheorghiu-Dej. His file indicates that the
499:
279:
8:
3193:
1860:
1824:
1785:
1585:
1480:
1420:
1387:" figures during the electoral campaign, and even of having been bought by agents of the
530:
503:
496:
467:
380:
1078:, calling on them to convince the monarch to resume communications with his government.
3167:
2582:
1896:
1694:
1577:", while Gheorghiu-Dej was condemned for having "initiated and overseen" the measures.
1531:
1178:, and was known to have deplored the unwillingness of the PCR to reduce and refine its
1004:). He showed himself surprised when informed that the Soviet Union had planned a rapid
924:
818:
696:
649:
526:
341:
326:
275:
209:
129:
1329:, who had been imprisoned in 1944, during the confrontation between Gheorghiu-Dej and
1194:, and, in fact, one of the signatories of the Peace Treaty with Romania. According to
69:
3960:
3153:
3103:
2786:
2110:
1955:
1856:
1789:
1687:
1519:
1416:
1354:
1350:
1342:
1330:
1256:
1209:
1163:
1102:
surfaced in several other areas of Romania, he attempted to persuade the peasants of
995:
967:
956:
929:
879:
783:
760:
721:
689:
573:
471:
463:
364:(November–December 1922). Back in Romania, Pătrășcanu was arrested and imprisoned at
239:
3917:
3628:
2190:, who also argued that Pătrășcanu had been confronted with criticism that he was "a
2187:
2114:
1828:
1403:. The latter allegation also surfaced in the parallel investigations of Koffler and
1376:
supporters' hands"). He also criticized his own advocacy of a PCR alliance with the
603:
518:
3778:
1872:
1683:
1606:
1570:
1479:
In preparation for the procedures, the Securitate took direct inspiration from the
1469:
1404:
1299:
1204:
1156:, as the main force opposing the PCR, published praises of Pătrășcanu in its paper
1029:
987:
948:
908:
756:
529:, but was himself denounced as a communist and consequently handed the position to
345:
85:
3710:"Antisovietismul lui Lucrețiu Pătrășcanu" ("Lucrețiu Pătrășcanu's Anti-Sovietism")
1400:
1358:
1264:
891:
739:, imposed himself as a PCR representative on the delegation that signed Romania's
685:
677:
3897:
3879:
3736:
3700:
1935:
1816:
1199:
1138:
1126:
1044:
713:
661:
623:
392:
3295:
Analele Institutului de Studii Istorice și Social-Politice de pe lângă CC al PCR
3099:
De-Stalinising Eastern Europe: The Rehabilitation of Stalin's Victims after 1953
1573:, who had approved of Pătrășcanu's purge. All of them were required to express "
1491:(which was allegedly used as template for Calmanovici's fabricated confession).
1231:
He was progressively marginalized inside the Party: his texts became subject to
782:(1944) and Minister of Justice (1944–1948). Pătrășcanu, who attempted to become
3905:
2061:
2039:
2011:
1962:
1864:
1757:
1745:
1714:
1618:
1574:
1507:
1307:
1275:) had been keeping him under surveillance from as early as the summer of 1946.
1067:
1063:
823:
511:
492:
455:
310:
2689:
1174:
topics, although he used more neutral terms than the ones present in official
3992:
3787:
On the Shoulders of Marx. An Incursion into the History of Romanian Communism
2191:
2075:
2027:
1911:
1900:
1892:
1840:
1772:
1503:
1440:
1388:
1326:
1279:
1268:
1213:
1059:
1005:
846:
802:
794:
595:
507:
369:
365:
353:
145:
97:
1476:, that Pătrășcanu was shot in the back of the head by a Securitate colonel.
1459:
throughout the questioning conducted on direct orders from the Securitate's
591:
3861:
3644:
3113:
2071:
2023:
1983:, while in subservience to the State, have traditionally been attracted to
1972:
1951:
1943:
1904:
1760:
in Romania had willingly, and not accidentally, adopted an incomplete form.
1753:
1706:
1217:
1091:
916:
838:
599:
569:
542:
443:
427:
307:
259:
149:
2701:
1779:(he saw this phenomenon as having made possible the toppling of Romania's
546:
3836:
de Anton Golopenția (Anchetatorii)" ("Introduction to Anton Golopenția's
3675:
3651:
3259:[Lucrețiu Pătrășcanu, the man who wanted to go down in history].
1976:
1927:
1867:
has challenged this particular thesis, calling it "highly questionable".
1848:
1776:
1718:
1710:
1679:
1675:
1396:
1373:
1311:
1225:
1195:
1114:
1103:
1051:
1013:
1009:
851:
790:
752:
725:
642:
578:
484:
439:
431:
396:
388:
73:
3805:, II: "Were There Victorious Proletarian Revolutions in Eastern Europe?"
2493:
652:) represented the Communist Party during the clandestine talks with the
3926:
3870:
3797:
3152:(Ediţia a IV-a, revizuită ed.). Bucureşti. pp. 218–219, 522.
2845:
Zilber, rendered in Tănase, "Belu Zilber".III; in Tismăneanu, p.75, 114
2085:
1947:
1931:
1812:
1671:
1581:
1464:
1448:
1412:
1369:
1321:
1272:
1175:
1171:
1145:
1118:
944:
855:
830:
826:
748:
700:
565:
384:
349:
299:
200:
1498:
I have nothing to say, except spit on the charges brought against me.
383:, as well as with many of his fellow party members, over the issue of
30:
2640:, pp. 92–93, 175, 177, 195, 222, 234–235, 262; Tismăneanu, p.114
2449:
2447:
2070:("The Power and the Truth"), published in the early 1970s (staged by
1984:
1808:
1797:
1793:
1638:
1634:
1444:
1384:
1291:
1158:
1149:
1033:
842:
775:
740:
634:
607:
598:. After a release from camp for health reasons in 1943, he was under
488:
407:
403:
357:
314:
263:
247:
244:
3949:
Stalinism for All Seasons: A Political History of Romanian Communism
3696:"Ambiția de a intra în istorie" ("The Ambition of Entering History")
1662:
266:
tenets on several occasions, eventually came into conflict with the
3848:
2180:
1781:
1656:
1647:
1630:
1167:
764:
459:
411:
3783:
Pe umerii lui Marx. O introducere în istoria comunismului românesc
3534:
2444:
728:) authored the proclamation to the country which the king read on
610:
later in that year, he remained under supervision until May 1944.
306:(Lucrețiu's mother, Lucreția, was a scion of the Stoika family of
295:
125:
2814:
2652:
2093:
2035:
1919:
1915:
1749:
1660:, legislation passed by Mavrocordatos had endorsed and prolonged
1642:
1456:
1283:
1236:
1095:
983:
975:
576:
to re-create a defunct outlet of the party, the cultural society
522:
376:
2730:
2728:
3332:
3330:
1954:. Polemically, Pătrășcanu theorized that all these steps were "
1702:
1099:
952:
744:
361:
219:
2515:
Barbu, "Destinul colectiv...", p.188; Tănase, "Belu Zilber".II
1090:, he was actively involved in the PCR's electoral campaign in
3564:
3510:
2789:
plenum, November 1946, in Frunză, p.362, in Tismăneanu, p.114
2725:
2183:
1980:
1950:
from public discourse and preserving good relations with the
1914:
regime and purging the administrative apparatus, a political
1855:
of the peasantry. Like Madgearu, he appealed to the works of
1518:, Mocsony Stârcea, Calmanovici, Victoria Sârbu (who had been
1250:
1221:
1037:
1016:", and opening the Communist Party to collaboration with the
1000:
673:
665:
258:. Pătrășcanu rose to a government position before the end of
3979:
The Power And The Truth — A Political Play by Titus Popovici
3500:
3498:
3327:
2749:
2619:
990:, using statistics to point out the existence of a class of
923:
Around February 1945, he began to fear the possibility that
778:
from 1946 to 1947 and held power in the new governments, as
637:
and withdraw Romania, which was fighting the Soviets on the
3257:"Lucrețiu Pătrășcanu, omul care a vrut să intre în istorie"
2209:
2197:
2084:
was translated into several languages and used as official
2019:
1113:-Romanian clashes, Pătrășcanu gave a speech in the city of
660:
parties, aimed at overthrowing the Antonescu dictatorship.
368:
in 1924 (the year when the party was outlawed); he went on
2898:
2896:
2863:
Betea, "Portret în gri...", p.37; Tănase, "Belu Zilber".II
2767:
Pătrășcanu, June 1946, in Betea, "Portret în gri...", p.37
2238:
2236:
4054:
Romanian delegation to the Paris Peace Conference of 1946
3670:, at the Knowledge Base Social Sciences in Eastern Europe
3576:
3495:
3483:
3064:
Betea, "Recunoștința..."; Drăgoescu, p.24, 25; Golopenția
2596:
Stefano Bottoni, Indiana University Press, Oct 19, 2017,
2372:
Editor's note in Caranfil, p.30; Tănase, "Belu Zilber".II
2256:"Lucrețiu Pătrășcanu, jurnalistul cu peste 10 pseudonime"
712:
The collaboration led to the arrest of Ion Antonescu and
330:
3522:
3227:
3224:
Frunză, p.401, 409; Golopenția; Tănase, "Belu Zilber".II
2713:
2664:
2539:
2384:
2161:
Schools of Thought and Tendencies in Romanian Philosophy
391:, which was to be passed into a resolution stating that
3434:
3432:
2893:
2487:
Eremia, Radu; Ungureanu, Laurențiu (November 4, 2014).
2270:
2233:
2221:
1641:
by the mid 18th century, maintaining instead a form of
801:, as well as the appointment of prosecutors (promoting
3150:
Lucreţiu Pătrăşcanu : moartea unui lider comunist
3025:
3023:
3021:
1796:
groups other than his own, arguing that the prevalent
1117:, one in which he attempted to identify communism and
1020:. Based on this, he denounced Pauker's agreement with
676:, had reportedly first mentioned Pătrășcanu's name to
613:
3374:, pp. 223–224, 230–231; Tănase, "Belu Zilber".II
3306:
Betea, "Recunoștința..."; Drăgoescu, p.25; Golopenția
3191:[How did Lucrețiu Pătrășcanu actually die?].
3006:
Betea, "Portret în gri...", p.36, 37; Drăgoescu, p.24
1807:
These views placed Pătrășcanu in opposition to other
1654:. He argued that, whereas feudalism was supported by
797:
who were considered suspect, for the creation of the
732:
immediately after the coup, and, confronting the new
4129:
People executed by the Socialist Republic of Romania
3429:
2742:
2740:
2684:
Ana Pauker: The Rise and Fall of a Jewish Communist,
2050:, together with Victoria Sârbu and Lena Constante.
1942:
government was to be imposed, removing all forms of
841:
to the realm of justice systems and retribution for
743:
with the Soviets, on September 12, 1944. Present in
707:
3018:
3924:, "A History of Romanian Interwar Communism"), in
3911:Gânditori și curente de istorie socială românească
2922:
2920:
2686:Berkeley and Los Angeles: 2001, p. 139, 315, n. 46
2523:
2521:
2477:, pp. 49–50, 62; Frunză, p.400-402; Rădulescu
2428:
1463:, and there have been rumours that he had one leg
763:in 1945—after having returned to Romania with the
3803:On the Class Nature of the "People’s Democracies"
3189:"Cum a murit, în realitate, Lucrețiu Pătrășcanu?"
2737:
2426:
2424:
2422:
2420:
2418:
2416:
2414:
2412:
2410:
2408:
1987:. On one instance in 1945, when theorizing about
1918:was to be declared, all properties upwards of 50
1891:(whom he accused of having lost contact with the
1859:, but used them as a basis to argue that foreign
1678:force inside Romanian economy during the time of
869:
356:were the representatives of the group to the 4th
321:in 1919, and working as editor of its newspaper,
3990:
2026:persecutions at the end of the 1930s (under the
1592:of Bucharest and in Bacău were named after him.
446:, and two others, Pătrășcanu was elected to the
3095:
2997:Pătrășcanu, in Betea, "Portret în gri...", p.37
2917:
2518:
2486:
1666:, a system consecrated in the 1830s by the new
3667:Political Science in Romania, Country Report 1
2405:
2104:
2098:
2079:
2065:
1966:
1735:
1645:which had not been affected by the reforms of
340:Increasingly radical after the success of the
4154:Socialist Republic of Romania rehabilitations
4034:Academic staff of the University of Bucharest
3086:Drăgoescu, p.24-25; Tănase, "Belu Zilber".III
2088:in cultural contacts with the outside world.
1811:authors in Romania — namely, the influential
1771:, he concluded that many of the most extreme
816:Citing a statement by Pătrășcanu rendered by
298:to a leading political family, as the son of
4044:Members of the Chamber of Deputies (Romania)
3922:O istorie a comunismului românesc interbelic
2598:Long Awaited West: Eastern Europe since 1944
2461:
2459:
1930:came under government supervision and a new
1725:Rise of nationalism under the Ottoman Empire
1713:") attempting to emancipate themselves from
1170:principles regarding the national issue and
1054:executive (an episode colloquially known as
536:
477:In 1932, he was involved in polemics at the
430:, Vasile Cașul, Ștefan Dan, Pătrășcanu, and
372:until being relocated to a prison hospital.
2560:, pp. 226, 232–233; Frunză, p.227, 471
2157:Curente și tendințe în filozofia românească
1993:neutralization and systematic supervision".
1624:
1383:He was accused of having been financed by "
243:; November 4, 1900 – April 17, 1954) was a
3680:History and Myth in Romanian Consciousness
3172:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3096:McDermott, Kevin; Stibbe, Matthew (2015).
1895:), Pătrășcanu theorized that the Romanian
1251:Securitate imprisonment and interrogations
545:and, after August 1940, spent time at the
55:23 August 1944 – 23 February 1948
29:
3853:Anii treizeci. Extrema dreaptă românească
3820:("The History of Stalinism in Romania"),
3777:
3582:
3570:
3540:
3528:
3516:
3504:
3489:
3477:
3465:
3410:
3408:
3406:
3404:
3402:
3400:
3371:
3358:
3336:
3282:
3233:
3126:
2911:
2833:
2820:
2808:
2755:
2719:
2707:
2695:
2670:
2658:
2637:
2625:
2557:
2545:
2474:
2456:
2390:
2342:
2312:
2300:
2288:
2276:
2242:
2227:
2215:
2203:
1468:place in the courtyard of Jilava Prison;
589:, he was again arrested by the regime of
16:Romanian communist politician (1900–1954)
4089:Romanian politicians convicted of crimes
3398:
3396:
3394:
3392:
3390:
3388:
3386:
3384:
3382:
3380:
2611:Radu Ioanid, Ivan R. Dee, Feb 18, 2008,
2568:
2566:
2536:Barbu, "Destinul colectiv...", p.188-190
2127:Un veac de frământări sociale, 1821-1907
2001:
1288:Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
1162:, until Pătrășcanu met with the editor,
1137:in Arad County, and won through various
961:
940:to the other members of the leadership.
873:
422:
3254:
1958:", and not socialist in their essence.
1875:, which he viewed as the cause for the
1588:of 1989 toppled the regime. Streets in
1514:(who was Pătrășcanu's brother-in-law),
4039:Members of the Great National Assembly
3991:
1975:in sacrificing petty politics for the
1834:
1819:and, to a certain degree, the Marxist
1748:-based economy. He similarly rejected
1434:
1286:" and collaboration with the maverick
313:). He became a Poporanist and later a
4159:Matei Basarab National College alumni
4139:People executed by Romania by firearm
3658:("The Myths of Romanian Communism"),
3377:
3186:
3180:
3147:
2698:, pp. 241–244, 255–256, 261–262.
2563:
2131:A Century of Social Unrest, 1821-1907
2022:, avoided the first wave of official
1325:). The investigation also implicated
1216:, the book was banned throughout the
483:group, where he and his collaborator
250:politician and leading member of the
238:
4049:Romanian Communist Party politicians
3255:Onișoru, Gheorghe (April 10, 2020).
2854:Frunză, p.359-360; Tismăneanu, p.114
2120:
1769:liberalism and radicalism in Romania
1682:rules. Thus, despite characteristic
1024:'s National Liberal dissidence (the
2776:Betea, "Portret în gri...", p.38-39
2333:Frunză, p.148-149; Tismăneanu, p.72
614:1944 negotiations and fall of Foriș
450:in May 1931 as a candidate for the
13:
4109:20th-century Romanian philosophers
3662:, Bucharest, 1998, p. 175-197
3138:Drăgoescu, p.25; Frunză, p.408-409
2734:Pătrășcanu, in Betea, "Ambiția..."
2453:Mocsony Stârcea, in Caranfil, p.30
1674:had manifested itself mainly as a
1185:
1086:During the campaign preceding the
959:among the Romanian party leaders.
724:(1944). Pătrășcanu (together with
14:
4170:
4124:People detained by the Securitate
4114:20th-century political scientists
3970:
3894:("Lucrețiu Pătrășcanu's Tragedy")
3684:Central European University Press
3129:, p. 398; Drăgoescu, p.25-26
2710:, pp. 241, 248–251, 254–255.
2053:The Pătrășcanus had no children.
2030:government) by converting to the
1938:were enhanced. Ultimately, a new
1926:passed into state property while
1845:primitive accumulation of capital
1843:, Romania had become subject to "
1792:). He extended this criticism to
1560:A party committee which included
1538:
1220:). The attitudes he expressed in
1081:
708:August 23 and government position
541:Pătrășcanu was imprisoned during
262:and, after having disagreed with
4104:20th-century Romanian historians
3892:Tragedia lui Lucrețiu Pătrășcanu
3818:Istoria stalinismului în România
3789:] (in Romanian). Bucharest:
3555:
3546:
3471:
3459:
3450:
3441:
3187:Lazăr, Virgil (April 21, 2011).
3015:Betea, "Portret în gri...", p.39
2798:Betea, "Portret în gri...", p.37
1997:
1788:, whom he saw as a supporter of
1705:and merchants ("the embryo of a
1026:National Liberal Party-Tătărescu
688:, toppled the general secretary
4099:Romanian people of World War II
4069:Ministers of justice of Romania
3552:Pătrășcanu, in Cioroianu, p.262
3417:
3364:
3351:
3342:
3318:
3309:
3300:
3288:
3275:
3248:
3239:
3218:
3209:
3141:
3132:
3120:
3089:
3080:
3067:
3058:
3045:
3032:
3009:
3000:
2991:
2978:
2965:
2956:
2947:
2938:
2929:
2905:
2884:
2875:
2866:
2857:
2848:
2839:
2826:
2801:
2792:
2779:
2770:
2761:
2676:
2643:
2631:
2604:
2589:
2575:
2551:
2530:
2509:
2480:
2468:
2441:Editor's note in Caranfil, p.29
2435:
2396:
2375:
2366:
2357:
2348:
2336:
2327:
2318:
2306:
2141:Fundamental Problems of Romania
936:activities as Secretary in the
928:established before the fall of
495:in front of criticism from the
286:as part of a change in policy.
240:[luˈkretsjupətrəʃˈkanu]
183:Elena Pătrășcanu, née Schwamern
4014:University of Bucharest alumni
3953:University of California Press
3920:, "Belu Zilber" (fragments of
3656:Miturile comunismului românesc
3215:Pătrășcanu, in Drăgoescu, p.26
2914:, p. 201; Drăgoescu, p.23
2890:Drăgoescu, p.23; Frunză, p.363
2345:, p. 39; Tismăneanu, p.72
2294:
2291:, p. 34; Tismăneanu, p.48
2282:
2248:
2173:
2018:in Bucharest). Elena, who was
1391:or of planning, together with
1271:(which was soon to become the
1247:agent infiltrating the party.
1008:of the country, and dismissed
870:Early conflicts with the Party
43:Minister of Justice of Romania
1:
4084:Romanian political scientists
4064:20th-century Romanian lawyers
3984:Blinken Open Society Archives
3591:
3370:Betea, "Antisovietismul...";
2807:Betea, "Antisovietismul...";
2137:Probleme de bază ale României
2038:by the socialist sympathiser
1968:Probleme de bază ale României
1775:had rallied in opposition to
1742:Wallachian Revolution of 1848
1455:. It is possible that he was
1353:, together with his deputies
1028:, which he called "a gang of
833:extended his critique of the
562:National Legionary Government
289:
268:Romanian Communist government
3766:Ionuț Chiva, Adrian Șchiop,
3425:Political Science in Romania
3348:Rendered in Cioroianu, p.399
2811:, pp. 224, 246–247, 261
1922:were to be confiscated, the
1821:Constantin Dobrogeanu-Gherea
1767:In analyzing the history of
1717:pressures. In his view, its
1595:
1294:: it placed Pătrășcanu, the
1198:, during this time, he read
774:, he served on the Romanian
568:, which allied Romania with
7:
4029:Romanian Marxist historians
3361:, p. 233; Müller, p.61
2785:Gheorghiu-Dej during a PCR
2527:Betea, "Antisovietismul..."
2324:Pătrășcanu, in Ioniță, p.45
2194:" (Tănase, "Belu Zilber".I)
2046:a year of that sentence at
1979:, and argues that Romanian
1736:On radicalism and reformism
1600:
1474:Cartea neagră a Securității
1133:He ran for the position of
799:Romanian People's Tribunals
789:After the ascension of the
672:, the Soviet ambassador to
462:), chose him among the new
399:entity. Pătrășcanu argued:
10:
4175:
4074:Romanian newspaper editors
3757:Criza dreptului în România
2649:Apostol, in Antoniu et al.
2315:, p. 37; Ioniță, p.45
2303:, p. 34; Frunză, p.39
1621:'s comprehensive surveys.
1212:alluding to the 1936-1937
1072:Victor Rădulescu-Pogoneanu
780:Minister without Portfolio
648:Pătrășcanu (together with
452:Workers and Peasants' Bloc
319:Socialist Party of Romania
317:in his youth, joining the
252:Communist Party of Romania
154:Romanian People's Republic
4024:Inmates of Târgu Jiu camp
4019:Leipzig University alumni
3809:Marxists Internet Archive
3480:, pp. 251–253; Stahl
3468:, pp. 250–251; Stahl
2902:Tănase, "Belu Zilber".III
2151:Under Three Dictatorships
2056:
1709:, that was to become the
1652:Constantine Mavrocordatos
1629:According to Pătrășcanu,
1076:Grigore Niculescu-Buzești
998:equivalent of the Soviet
978:parade in Bucharest, 1946
720:in Bucharest, during the
582:("Friends of the USSR").
560:, he was set free by the
556:Like his fellow activist
537:World War II imprisonment
225:
215:
199:
187:
179:
169:
159:
135:
112:
107:
103:
91:
79:
59:
48:
41:
37:
28:
21:
4134:Executed Romanian people
4119:Inmates of Jilava Prison
3543:, pp. 256–259, 260.
3055:, p. 149, 321, note 137.
3029:Betea, "Recunoștința..."
2823:, pp. 247, 253–254.
2661:, pp. 177, 184–195.
2381:Tănase, "Belu Zilber".II
2167:
2074:and filmed, in 1971, by
2032:Romanian Orthodox Church
1625:On feudalism and serfdom
1485:socialist Czechoslovakia
1395:and Titoist agents, an "
1154:National Peasants' Party
1088:rigged elections of 1946
915:He was a reliable party
470:rose to the position of
418:
174:Romanian Communist Party
160:Cause of death
3874:, Nr.676, February 2003
3285:, pp. 233, 397–399
3245:Tănase, "Belu Zilber".I
3148:Betea, Lavinia (2018).
1611:Danubian Principalities
1530:Calmanovici identified
1489:Trial of the Twenty One
755:through their overseer
606:; allowed to settle in
585:In 1941, following the
294:Pătrășcanu was born in
256:University of Bucharest
236:Romanian pronunciation:
206:University of Bucharest
2105:
2099:
2080:
2066:
2007:
1989:intellectual déclassés
1967:
1827:, and especially with
1558:
1500:
1378:National Liberal Party
1310:in the same camp, as "
1192:Paris Peace Conference
1131:
1018:National Liberal Party
979:
972:Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej
921:
903:
896:August 23, 1945 Parade
884:Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej
551:Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej
506:, as well as from the
435:
416:
304:Dimitrie D. Pătrășcanu
272:Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej
192:Dimitrie D. Pătrășcanu
4094:Romanian sociologists
4079:Romanian philosophers
3456:Pătrășcanu, in Cernea
2005:
1847:", where the role of
1553:
1496:
1472:claimed in his book,
1347:Aleksandr Sakharovsky
1290:was presented to the
1278:In the fall of 1949,
1123:
1062:"); with the help of
965:
913:
877:
682:Constantin Pîrvulescu
549:internment camp with
426:
401:
164:Execution by shooting
4149:Executed politicians
3791:Editura Curtea Veche
3438:Pătrășcanu, in Stahl
2100:Începutul adevărului
1991:, he proposed their
1956:democratic-bourgeois
1543:He was posthumously
1393:Ioan Mocsony Stârcea
1152:". In parallel, the
1066:, he approached the
835:people's democracies
811:Alexandra Sidorovici
737:Constantin Sănătescu
620:Ioan Mocsony Stârcea
410:as the Romanians in
66:Constantin Sănătescu
4144:Executed communists
4059:Romanian economists
3945:Vladimir Tismăneanu
3840:(The Inquisitors)")
3774:, November 21, 2006
3573:, pp. 229–230.
3519:, pp. 255–256.
3339:, pp. 398–399.
3042:, p. 149, note 133.
2758:, pp. 225–226.
2628:, pp. 226–227.
2432:Betea, "Ambiția..."
2218:, pp. 238–239.
2206:, pp. 236–238.
2081:Puterea și adevărul
2067:Puterea și adevărul
1940:people's democratic
1873:estate leaseholders
1835:On the 20th century
1825:economic liberalism
1786:Alexandru Ioan Cuza
1699:Wallachian uprising
1586:Romanian Revolution
1435:Trial and execution
1421:Alexandru Nicolschi
845:. According to the
587:Legionary Rebellion
531:Ion Gheorghe Maurer
504:Mihail Polihroniade
468:Alexander Stefanski
448:Chamber of Deputies
232:Lucrețiu Pătrășcanu
195:Lucreția Pătrășcanu
23:Lucrețiu Pătrășcanu
3830:Sanda Golopenția,
3718:, November 1, 2005
3627:Gabriela Antoniu,
2836:, pp. 261–262
2583:The New York Times
2402:Chiva & Șchiop
2147:Sub trei dictaturi
2008:
1934:was enforced, and
1897:petite bourgeoisie
1695:Tudor Vladimirescu
1562:Ion Popescu-Puțuri
1524:Gheorghe Tătărescu
1461:Alexandru Drăghici
1453:Iosif Chișinevschi
1429:Siguranța Statului
1399:" insurrection in
1296:Hungarian Republic
1261:Alexandru Drăghici
1245:Siguranța Statului
1210:forced confessions
1022:Gheorghe Tătărescu
980:
904:
819:The New York Times
658:National Peasants'
633:move to overthrow
564:while the fascist
558:Scarlat Callimachi
436:
342:October Revolution
327:Leipzig University
276:political prisoner
210:Leipzig University
130:Kingdom of Romania
4009:People from Bacău
3940:Part III (Nr.702)
3896:, interview with
3889:Mihai Rădulescu,
3824:, Bucharest, 1990
3779:Cioroianu, Adrian
3715:Jurnalul Național
3638:Jurnalul Național
3598:Dosarele Istoriei
3297:, in Müller, p.62
3159:978-606-44-0118-2
2944:Tismăneanu, p.106
2881:Frunză, p.360-361
2787:Central Committee
2746:Pokivailova, p.13
2121:Published volumes
2111:Sergiu Nicolaescu
2091:In his 1993 film
2048:Dumbrăveni Prison
2016:Țăndărică Theater
1881:Social Democratic
1871:establishment of
1857:Rudolf Hilferding
1800:was "the cult of
1790:industrialization
1773:social reformists
1688:Marxian economics
1549:Nicolae Ceaușescu
1547:in April 1968 by
1417:Teohari Georgescu
1355:Gheorghe Pintilie
1351:Teohari Georgescu
1343:Teohari Georgescu
1318:Tito–Stalin split
1257:Teohari Georgescu
1164:Nicolae Carandino
1036:, and well-known
968:Teohari Georgescu
957:Teohari Georgescu
938:Interior Ministry
880:Teohari Georgescu
864:1923 Constitution
807:Constanța Crăciun
784:general secretary
772:Soviet occupation
761:Central Committee
697:Romanian monarchy
574:Teohari Georgescu
500:Mircea Vulcănescu
472:general secretary
464:Central Committee
280:Nicolae Ceaușescu
229:
228:
4166:
3936:Part II (Nr.701)
3904:
3888:
3860:
3832:"Introducere la
3829:
3815:
3794:
3765:
3753:
3730:
3708:
3694:
3626:
3586:
3580:
3574:
3568:
3562:
3559:
3553:
3550:
3544:
3538:
3532:
3526:
3520:
3514:
3508:
3502:
3493:
3487:
3481:
3478:Cioroianu (2005)
3475:
3469:
3466:Cioroianu (2005)
3463:
3457:
3454:
3448:
3445:
3439:
3436:
3427:
3421:
3415:
3412:
3375:
3372:Cioroianu (2005)
3368:
3362:
3359:Cioroianu (2005)
3355:
3349:
3346:
3340:
3334:
3325:
3322:
3316:
3313:
3307:
3304:
3298:
3292:
3286:
3283:Cioroianu (2005)
3279:
3273:
3272:
3270:
3268:
3252:
3246:
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3237:
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3206:
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3163:
3145:
3139:
3136:
3130:
3127:Cioroianu (2005)
3124:
3118:
3117:
3093:
3087:
3084:
3078:
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3065:
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3056:
3049:
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2963:
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2954:
2951:
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2942:
2936:
2933:
2927:
2924:
2915:
2912:Cioroianu (2005)
2909:
2903:
2900:
2891:
2888:
2882:
2879:
2873:
2870:
2864:
2861:
2855:
2852:
2846:
2843:
2837:
2834:Cioroianu (2005)
2830:
2824:
2818:
2812:
2809:Cioroianu (2005)
2805:
2799:
2796:
2790:
2783:
2777:
2774:
2768:
2765:
2759:
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2662:
2656:
2650:
2647:
2641:
2638:Cioroianu (2005)
2635:
2629:
2623:
2617:
2608:
2602:
2593:
2587:
2579:
2573:
2570:
2561:
2558:Cioroianu (2005)
2555:
2549:
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2537:
2534:
2528:
2525:
2516:
2513:
2507:
2506:
2504:
2502:
2484:
2478:
2475:Cioroianu (2005)
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2355:
2352:
2346:
2343:Cioroianu (2005)
2340:
2334:
2331:
2325:
2322:
2316:
2313:Cioroianu (2005)
2310:
2304:
2301:Cioroianu (2005)
2298:
2292:
2289:Cioroianu (2005)
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2280:
2274:
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2252:
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2240:
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2207:
2201:
2195:
2177:
2108:
2103:, also known as
2102:
2083:
2069:
1970:
1903:belonged to the
1885:Lothar Rădăceanu
1684:underdevelopment
1607:Marxism-Leninism
1571:Gheorghe Apostol
1470:Ion Mihai Pacepa
1405:Emil Calmanovici
1224:were considered
1208:(a glimpse into
1205:Darkness at Noon
1180:internationalist
1139:electoral frauds
988:collectivization
949:Dmitry Manuilsky
909:Gheorghe Apostol
888:Lothar Rădăceanu
757:Andrey Vyshinsky
654:National Liberal
242:
237:
142:
122:
120:
108:Personal details
94:
86:Ion C. Marinescu
82:
62:
53:
33:
19:
18:
4174:
4173:
4169:
4168:
4167:
4165:
4164:
4163:
3989:
3988:
3982:(1973), at the
3973:
3932:Part I (Nr.700)
3930:, August 2003:
3902:
3898:Corneliu Coposu
3886:
3883:, November 1995
3880:Magazin Istoric
3858:
3827:
3816:Victor Frunză,
3813:
3763:
3751:
3748:, November 1995
3746:Magazin Istoric
3737:Magazin Istoric
3728:
3723:Magazin Istoric
3706:
3701:Magazin Istoric
3692:
3689:Lavinia Betea,
3641:, March 8, 2004
3624:
3594:
3589:
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3413:
3378:
3369:
3365:
3356:
3352:
3347:
3343:
3335:
3328:
3324:Drăgoescu, p.26
3323:
3319:
3315:Drăgoescu, p.25
3314:
3310:
3305:
3301:
3293:
3289:
3280:
3276:
3266:
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3253:
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3165:
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3014:
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2992:
2983:
2979:
2970:
2966:
2961:
2957:
2952:
2948:
2943:
2939:
2935:Drăgoescu, p.24
2934:
2930:
2926:Drăgoescu, p.23
2925:
2918:
2910:
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2894:
2889:
2885:
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2307:
2299:
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2287:
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2275:
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2259:
2254:
2253:
2249:
2241:
2234:
2226:
2222:
2214:
2210:
2202:
2198:
2192:salon communist
2186:" by historian
2178:
2174:
2170:
2123:
2117:as Pătrășcanu.
2059:
2000:
1936:civil liberties
1837:
1817:Virgil Madgearu
1738:
1670:. In his view,
1668:Organic Statute
1627:
1603:
1598:
1541:
1516:Herant Torosian
1437:
1425:Vladimir Mazuru
1363:Soviet advisers
1253:
1200:Arthur Koestler
1188:
1186:Marginalisation
1084:
872:
747:, he contacted
714:Mihai Antonescu
710:
670:Nikolai Novikov
662:Corneliu Coposu
616:
539:
510:perspective of
421:
393:Greater Romania
292:
282:, endorsed his
235:
208:
194:
170:Political party
144:
140:
124:
123:4 November 1900
118:
116:
92:
80:
72:
70:Nicolae Rădescu
68:
60:
54:
49:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4172:
4162:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4141:
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4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3987:
3986:
3976:Anneli Maier,
3972:
3971:External links
3969:
3968:
3967:
3942:
3918:Stelian Tănase
3915:
3906:Henri H. Stahl
3900:
3884:
3875:
3856:
3846:
3825:
3811:
3795:
3775:
3761:
3749:
3742:
3741:
3740:
3726:
3719:
3704:
3687:
3673:
3672:
3671:
3663:
3660:Editura Nemira
3642:
3629:Claudiu Târziu
3622:
3621:
3620:
3619:
3618:
3613:10/III, 1998:
3611:
3610:
3609:
3606:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3587:
3585:, p. 229.
3583:Cioroianu 2005
3575:
3571:Cioroianu 2005
3563:
3561:Antoniu et al.
3554:
3545:
3541:Cioroianu 2005
3533:
3529:Cioroianu 2005
3521:
3517:Cioroianu 2005
3509:
3507:, p. 255.
3505:Cioroianu 2005
3494:
3492:, p. 249.
3490:Cioroianu 2005
3482:
3470:
3458:
3449:
3440:
3428:
3416:
3376:
3363:
3350:
3341:
3337:Cioroianu 2005
3326:
3317:
3308:
3299:
3287:
3274:
3247:
3238:
3236:, p. 228.
3234:Cioroianu 2005
3226:
3217:
3208:
3194:România Liberă
3179:
3158:
3140:
3131:
3119:
3108:
3088:
3079:
3066:
3057:
3044:
3031:
3017:
3008:
2999:
2990:
2977:
2964:
2955:
2946:
2937:
2928:
2916:
2904:
2892:
2883:
2874:
2865:
2856:
2847:
2838:
2825:
2821:Cioroianu 2005
2813:
2800:
2791:
2778:
2769:
2760:
2756:Cioroianu 2005
2748:
2736:
2724:
2722:, p. 252.
2720:Cioroianu 2005
2712:
2708:Cioroianu 2005
2700:
2696:Cioroianu 2005
2688:
2675:
2673:, p. 179.
2671:Cioroianu 2005
2663:
2659:Cioroianu 2005
2651:
2642:
2630:
2626:Cioroianu 2005
2618:
2603:
2588:
2574:
2562:
2550:
2548:, p. 232.
2546:Cioroianu 2005
2538:
2529:
2517:
2508:
2479:
2467:
2455:
2443:
2434:
2404:
2395:
2393:, p. 234.
2391:Cioroianu 2005
2383:
2374:
2365:
2356:
2347:
2335:
2326:
2317:
2305:
2293:
2281:
2279:, p. 238.
2277:Cioroianu 2005
2269:
2247:
2245:, p. 240.
2243:Cioroianu 2005
2232:
2230:, p. 239.
2228:Cioroianu 2005
2220:
2216:Cioroianu 2005
2208:
2204:Cioroianu 2005
2196:
2188:Stelian Tănase
2171:
2169:
2166:
2165:
2164:
2154:
2144:
2134:
2122:
2119:
2115:Șerban Ionescu
2062:Titus Popovici
2058:
2055:
2040:Gala Galaction
2012:Lena Constante
1999:
1996:
1963:intelligentsia
1901:civil servants
1865:Henri H. Stahl
1836:
1833:
1829:Ștefan Zeletin
1758:Westernization
1737:
1734:
1626:
1623:
1619:Dimitrie Gusti
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1575:self-criticism
1540:
1539:Rehabilitation
1537:
1508:Lena Constante
1481:Slánský trials
1436:
1433:
1308:Traicho Kostov
1252:
1249:
1243:he had been a
1187:
1184:
1109:Responding to
1083:
1082:1946 elections
1080:
1068:anti-communist
1064:Lena Constante
871:
868:
730:National Radio
722:August 23 Coup
709:
706:
615:
612:
604:Poiana Țapului
538:
535:
519:Stelian Tănase
512:Henri H. Stahl
493:Vladimir Lenin
466:members while
456:umbrella group
420:
417:
381:Bohumír Šmeral
329:, earning his
311:petty nobility
291:
288:
284:rehabilitation
274:. He became a
227:
226:
223:
222:
217:
213:
212:
203:
197:
196:
189:
185:
184:
181:
177:
176:
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157:
156:
143:(aged 53)
137:
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132:
114:
110:
109:
105:
104:
101:
100:
95:
89:
88:
83:
77:
76:
63:
61:Prime Minister
57:
56:
46:
45:
39:
38:
35:
34:
26:
25:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3996:
3994:
3985:
3981:
3980:
3975:
3974:
3966:
3965:0-520-23747-1
3962:
3958:
3954:
3950:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3937:
3933:
3929:
3928:
3923:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3912:
3907:
3903:(in Romanian)
3901:
3899:
3895:
3893:
3887:(in Romanian)
3885:
3882:
3881:
3876:
3873:
3872:
3867:
3863:
3859:(in Romanian)
3857:
3854:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3841:
3839:
3835:
3828:(in Romanian)
3826:
3823:
3819:
3814:(in Romanian)
3812:
3810:
3806:
3804:
3799:
3796:
3792:
3788:
3784:
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3776:
3773:
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3764:(in Romanian)
3762:
3760:
3758:
3754:Emil Cernea,
3752:(in Romanian)
3750:
3747:
3743:
3739:
3738:
3733:
3729:(in Romanian)
3727:
3724:
3720:
3717:
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3707:(in Romanian)
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3697:
3693:(in Romanian)
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3653:
3649:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3640:
3639:
3634:
3630:
3625:(in Romanian)
3623:
3617:p. 42-47
3615:
3614:
3612:
3607:
3604:
3603:
3601:
3600:
3599:
3596:
3595:
3584:
3579:
3572:
3567:
3558:
3549:
3542:
3537:
3531:, p. 56.
3530:
3525:
3518:
3513:
3506:
3501:
3499:
3491:
3486:
3479:
3474:
3467:
3462:
3453:
3447:Cernea; Stahl
3444:
3435:
3433:
3426:
3420:
3411:
3409:
3407:
3405:
3403:
3401:
3399:
3397:
3395:
3393:
3391:
3389:
3387:
3385:
3383:
3381:
3373:
3367:
3360:
3357:Boia, p.256;
3354:
3345:
3338:
3333:
3331:
3321:
3312:
3303:
3296:
3291:
3284:
3281:Boia, p.256;
3278:
3263:(in Romanian)
3262:
3258:
3251:
3242:
3235:
3230:
3221:
3212:
3197:(in Romanian)
3196:
3195:
3190:
3183:
3175:
3169:
3161:
3155:
3151:
3144:
3135:
3128:
3123:
3115:
3111:
3109:9781137368928
3105:
3101:
3100:
3092:
3083:
3077:, p. 150-151.
3076:
3070:
3061:
3054:
3048:
3041:
3035:
3026:
3024:
3022:
3012:
3003:
2994:
2988:, p. 147-148.
2987:
2981:
2974:
2968:
2959:
2953:Frunză, p.402
2950:
2941:
2932:
2923:
2921:
2913:
2908:
2899:
2897:
2887:
2878:
2872:Frunză, p.362
2869:
2860:
2851:
2842:
2835:
2832:Boia, p.275;
2829:
2822:
2817:
2810:
2804:
2795:
2788:
2782:
2773:
2764:
2757:
2752:
2743:
2741:
2731:
2729:
2721:
2716:
2709:
2704:
2697:
2692:
2685:
2679:
2672:
2667:
2660:
2655:
2646:
2639:
2634:
2627:
2622:
2616:
2614:
2607:
2601:
2599:
2592:
2585:
2584:
2578:
2569:
2567:
2559:
2554:
2547:
2542:
2533:
2524:
2522:
2512:
2497:(in Romanian)
2496:
2495:
2490:
2483:
2476:
2471:
2462:
2460:
2450:
2448:
2438:
2429:
2427:
2425:
2423:
2421:
2419:
2417:
2415:
2413:
2411:
2409:
2399:
2392:
2387:
2378:
2369:
2360:
2351:
2344:
2339:
2330:
2321:
2314:
2309:
2302:
2297:
2290:
2285:
2278:
2273:
2257:
2251:
2244:
2239:
2237:
2229:
2224:
2217:
2212:
2205:
2200:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2182:
2176:
2172:
2162:
2158:
2155:
2152:
2148:
2145:
2142:
2138:
2135:
2132:
2128:
2125:
2124:
2118:
2116:
2112:
2107:
2101:
2096:
2095:
2089:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2076:Manole Marcus
2073:
2068:
2063:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2043:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2028:Octavian Goga
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2004:
1998:Personal life
1995:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1973:intellectuals
1969:
1964:
1959:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1924:National Bank
1921:
1917:
1913:
1912:Ion Antonescu
1908:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1893:working class
1890:
1889:Șerban Voinea
1886:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1868:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1851:was taken by
1850:
1846:
1842:
1841:Western world
1832:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1805:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1784:
1783:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1765:
1764:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1733:
1731:
1727:
1726:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1691:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1664:
1659:
1658:
1653:
1650:
1649:
1644:
1640:
1637:had forsaken
1636:
1632:
1622:
1620:
1614:
1613:to his day).
1612:
1608:
1593:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1578:
1576:
1572:
1566:
1563:
1557:
1552:
1550:
1546:
1545:rehabilitated
1536:
1533:
1532:Emil Bodnăraș
1527:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1512:Petre Pandrea
1509:
1505:
1504:Harry Brauner
1499:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1477:
1475:
1471:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1441:Jilava Prison
1432:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1408:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1389:United States
1386:
1381:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1366:
1364:
1360:
1359:Mișu Dulgheru
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1338:
1334:
1332:
1328:
1327:Remus Koffler
1324:
1323:
1319:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1280:Gheorghiu-Dej
1276:
1274:
1270:
1269:secret police
1266:
1265:Iosif Rangheț
1262:
1258:
1248:
1246:
1240:
1238:
1234:
1229:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1214:Moscow Trials
1211:
1207:
1206:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1183:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1160:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1142:
1140:
1136:
1130:
1128:
1122:
1121:. It stated:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1107:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1094:, and, after
1093:
1089:
1079:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1058:, "the royal
1057:
1053:
1049:
1046:
1041:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1006:communization
1003:
1002:
997:
993:
989:
985:
977:
973:
969:
964:
960:
958:
954:
950:
946:
941:
939:
935:
931:
926:
925:Emil Bodnăraș
920:
918:
912:
910:
901:
900:Palace Square
897:
893:
892:Ștefan Voitec
889:
885:
881:
876:
867:
865:
860:
857:
853:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
825:
821:
820:
814:
812:
808:
804:
803:Avram Bunaciu
800:
796:
795:civil service
792:
787:
785:
781:
777:
773:
768:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
705:
702:
698:
693:
691:
687:
686:Iosif Rangheț
683:
679:
678:Barbu Știrbey
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
650:Emil Bodnăraș
646:
644:
640:
639:Eastern Front
636:
632:
628:
625:
622:, marshal of
621:
618:According to
611:
609:
605:
601:
597:
596:Ion Antonescu
594:
593:
588:
583:
581:
580:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
554:
552:
548:
544:
534:
532:
528:
527:Craiova Trial
524:
520:
515:
513:
509:
508:Austromarxist
505:
501:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
481:
475:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
433:
429:
425:
415:
413:
409:
405:
400:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
373:
371:
370:hunger strike
367:
363:
359:
355:
354:Marcel Pauker
351:
347:
343:
338:
334:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
309:
308:Transylvanian
305:
301:
297:
287:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
246:
241:
233:
224:
221:
218:
214:
211:
207:
204:
202:
198:
193:
190:
186:
182:
178:
175:
172:
168:
165:
162:
158:
155:
151:
147:
146:Jilava Prison
139:17 April 1954
138:
134:
131:
127:
115:
111:
106:
102:
99:
98:Avram Bunaciu
96:
90:
87:
84:
78:
75:
71:
67:
64:
58:
52:
47:
44:
40:
36:
32:
27:
20:
3978:
3948:
3925:
3921:
3910:
3891:
3878:
3869:
3862:Marta Petreu
3852:
3843:
3838:Ultima carte
3837:
3834:Ultima carte
3833:
3817:
3802:
3786:
3782:
3771:
3756:
3745:
3735:
3722:
3713:
3699:
3679:
3666:
3655:
3645:Daniel Barbu
3636:
3597:
3578:
3566:
3557:
3548:
3536:
3524:
3512:
3485:
3473:
3461:
3452:
3443:
3424:
3419:
3366:
3353:
3344:
3320:
3311:
3302:
3294:
3290:
3277:
3265:. Retrieved
3260:
3250:
3241:
3229:
3220:
3211:
3199:. Retrieved
3192:
3182:
3149:
3143:
3134:
3122:
3114:Google Books
3112:– via
3102:. Springer.
3098:
3091:
3082:
3074:
3069:
3060:
3052:
3047:
3039:
3034:
3011:
3002:
2993:
2985:
2980:
2972:
2967:
2958:
2949:
2940:
2931:
2907:
2886:
2877:
2868:
2859:
2850:
2841:
2828:
2816:
2803:
2794:
2781:
2772:
2763:
2751:
2715:
2703:
2691:
2683:
2678:
2666:
2654:
2645:
2633:
2621:
2612:
2606:
2597:
2591:
2581:
2577:
2553:
2541:
2532:
2511:
2499:. Retrieved
2492:
2482:
2470:
2437:
2398:
2386:
2377:
2368:
2359:
2354:Ornea, p.150
2350:
2338:
2329:
2320:
2308:
2296:
2284:
2272:
2260:. Retrieved
2250:
2223:
2211:
2199:
2175:
2160:
2156:
2150:
2146:
2140:
2136:
2130:
2126:
2092:
2090:
2072:Liviu Ciulei
2060:
2052:
2044:
2009:
1992:
1988:
1960:
1952:Soviet Union
1944:antisemitism
1928:trade unions
1909:
1905:middle class
1883:ideologists
1869:
1853:exploitation
1838:
1806:
1780:
1766:
1762:
1761:
1754:conservative
1739:
1722:
1692:
1661:
1655:
1646:
1628:
1615:
1604:
1579:
1567:
1559:
1554:
1542:
1528:
1520:Ștefan Foriș
1501:
1497:
1493:
1478:
1473:
1451:overseen by
1438:
1409:
1382:
1367:
1339:
1335:
1331:Ștefan Foriș
1315:
1277:
1254:
1241:
1230:
1218:Eastern Bloc
1203:
1189:
1157:
1143:
1132:
1127:equal rights
1124:
1108:
1092:Transylvania
1085:
1056:greva regală
1055:
1042:
1034:blackmailers
999:
991:
981:
966:Pătrășcanu,
942:
930:Ștefan Foriș
922:
917:intellectual
914:
905:
878:Pătrășcanu,
861:
852:bureaucratic
839:Eastern Bloc
829:commentator
817:
815:
788:
769:
718:Royal Palace
711:
694:
690:Ștefan Foriș
647:
617:
600:house arrest
590:
584:
577:
570:Nazi Germany
555:
543:World War II
540:
516:
478:
476:
451:
444:Eugen Rozvan
437:
428:Eugen Rozvan
402:
374:
360:Congress in
339:
335:
322:
293:
260:World War II
231:
230:
150:Ilfov County
141:(1954-04-17)
93:Succeeded by
50:
4004:1954 deaths
3999:1900 births
3725:, June 1998
3676:Lucian Boia
3652:Lucian Boia
3602:2/I, 1996:
3201:February 5,
2501:February 5,
2262:18 December
2024:antisemitic
1977:common good
1932:labour code
1877:1907 revolt
1849:colonialism
1813:Poporanists
1777:land reform
1721:character (
1719:nationalist
1711:bourgeoisie
1676:reactionary
1397:imperialist
1370:revisionist
1312:imperialist
1300:László Rajk
1226:nationalist
1196:Belu Zilber
1172:Bessarabian
1150:revisionism
1104:Arad County
1052:Petru Groza
1030:con artists
1014:bourgeoisie
1010:Vasile Luca
974:watching a
902:, Bucharest
791:Petru Groza
753:Vasile Luca
726:Belu Zilber
641:, from the
579:Amicii URSS
487:defended a
485:Belu Zilber
440:Imre Aladar
432:Imre Aladar
397:imperialist
389:Moldovenism
346:Elek Köblös
323:Socialismul
81:Preceded by
74:Petru Groza
3993:Categories
3927:Revista 22
3871:Revista 22
3844:Memoria.ro
3798:Tony Cliff
3592:References
3075:Ana Pauker
3053:Ana Pauker
3040:Ana Pauker
2986:Ana Pauker
2973:Ana Pauker
2586:, in Cliff
2094:The Mirror
2086:propaganda
1965:, part of
1948:chauvinism
1730:privileges
1680:Phanariote
1672:capitalism
1582:dissidence
1535:history."
1449:show trial
1447:, after a
1413:Ana Pauker
1322:Informbiro
1273:Securitate
1233:censorship
1182:policies.
1176:propaganda
1146:chauvinism
1119:patriotism
945:Ana Pauker
856:militarist
843:war crimes
831:Tony Cliff
827:Trotskyist
749:Ana Pauker
701:referendum
592:Conducător
566:Iron Guard
497:right-wing
385:Bessarabia
300:Poporanist
290:Early life
216:Profession
201:Alma mater
119:1900-11-04
3822:Humanitas
3807:, at the
3267:April 19,
3168:cite book
2975:, p. 146.
2465:Rădulescu
2181:Moldavian
2034:(she was
2014:, by the
1985:extremism
1809:left-wing
1798:reformism
1794:socialist
1639:feudalism
1635:Wallachia
1596:Sociology
1465:amputated
1445:Bucharest
1385:bourgeois
1314:agents" (
1292:Cominform
1159:Dreptatea
1111:Hungarian
1048:Michael I
776:Politburo
741:armistice
635:Antonescu
627:Michael I
608:Bucharest
547:Târgu Jiu
489:Stalinist
480:Criterion
408:Romanians
404:Moldovans
358:Comintern
333:in 1925.
315:socialist
264:Stalinist
248:communist
188:Parent(s)
180:Spouse(s)
51:In office
3959:, 2003,
3957:Berkeley
3849:Z. Ornea
3781:(2005).
3261:Historia
2615:, p. 287
2494:Adevărul
2064:'s play
2036:baptized
1920:hectares
1802:legalism
1782:Domnitor
1756:tenets,
1657:metayage
1648:Hospodar
1631:Moldavia
1601:Overview
1590:Sector 3
1457:tortured
1401:Săvârșin
1304:Bulgaria
1168:Leninist
1070:figures
1050:and the
996:Romanian
992:chiaburi
847:American
765:Red Army
491:view of
460:Gorikovo
412:Moldavia
245:Romanian
3772:Prezent
3654:, ed.,
3423:Barbu,
2600:, p. 23
2106:Oglinda
1916:amnesty
1861:capital
1750:Junimea
1715:Ottoman
1663:corvées
1643:serfdom
1443:, near
1284:Titoism
1237:comrade
1148:" and "
1096:drought
1038:bribers
984:Marxism
976:May Day
934:corrupt
894:at the
837:of the
824:British
770:During
734:Premier
716:at the
523:fascism
434:in 1931
395:was an
377:Kharkiv
375:At the
302:figure
3963:
3686:, 2001
3156:
3106:
2184:boyars
2057:In art
2020:Jewish
1981:elites
1746:estate
1703:boyars
1423:, and
1302:, and
1263:, and
1135:deputy
1100:famine
1060:strike
1001:kulaks
994:, the
970:, and
953:Pauker
890:, and
809:, and
745:Moscow
631:Allied
366:Jilava
362:Moscow
348:, and
220:Lawyer
3868:, in
3842:, at
3785:[
3770:, in
3734:, in
3712:, in
3698:, in
3635:, in
3414:Stahl
3073:Levy,
3051:Levy,
2984:Levy,
2971:Levy,
2572:Cliff
2168:Notes
2113:cast
1707:class
1374:Maniu
1222:Paris
674:Egypt
666:Cairo
454:, an
438:With
419:1930s
296:Bacău
126:Bacău
3961:ISBN
3269:2020
3203:2021
3174:link
3154:ISBN
3104:ISBN
2503:2021
2264:2021
1946:and
1887:and
1831:'s.
1740:The
1723:see
1633:and
1415:and
1357:and
1316:see
1115:Cluj
1098:and
1074:and
1045:King
1040:").
955:and
854:and
751:and
684:and
656:and
643:Axis
624:King
502:and
387:and
352:and
136:Died
113:Born
2109:),
2042:).
1804:".
1697:'s
1483:in
1306:'s
1298:'s
1202:'s
898:in
813:).
602:in
350:Ana
331:PhD
270:of
3995::
3955:,
3951:,
3947:,
3938:,
3934:,
3908:,
3864:,
3851:,
3800:,
3682:,
3678:,
3647:,
3631:,
3497:^
3431:^
3379:^
3329:^
3170:}}
3166:{{
3020:^
2919:^
2895:^
2739:^
2727:^
2565:^
2520:^
2458:^
2446:^
2407:^
2235:^
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