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in 1760. There is uncertainty about his exact date of birth. Although 14 September is sometimes stated, evidence from baptismal records and
Cherubini himself suggests the 8th is correct. Perhaps the strongest evidence is his first name, Maria, which is traditional for a child born on 8 September, the
381:
appointed
Cherubini as its director in 1789. Three years later, after a move to the rue Feydeau and the fall of the monarchy, the company became known as the Théâtre Feydeau. This position gave Cherubini the opportunity to read countless libretti and choose one that best suited his temperament.
599:, who portrayed the old composer in his memoirs as a crotchety pedant. Some critics, such as Basil Deane, maintain that Berlioz's depiction has distorted Cherubini's image with posterity. There are many allusions to Cherubini's personal irritability among his contemporaries;
413:(1800), in which Cherubini simplified his style, was a popular success. These and other operas were premièred at the Théâtre Feydeau or the Opéra-Comique. Feeling financially secure, he married Anne Cécile Tourette in 1794 and began a family of three children.
634:) about Cherubini's six string quartets, stated that they are first rate and regarded Nos. 1 and 3 as masterworks. His String Quintet for two violins, viola and two cellos is also considered a first-rate work.
556:. In 1836, Cherubini wrote a Requiem in D minor to be performed at his own funeral. It is for male choir only, as the religious authorities had criticised his use of female voices in the earlier work.
5371:
619:. The two had mutual interests: Cherubini was a keen amateur painter and Ingres enjoyed practising the violin. In 1841, Ingres produced the most celebrated portrait of the old composer.
537:
commissioned him to write a symphony, an overture, and a composition for chorus and orchestra, the performances of which he went especially to London to conduct, increasing his fame.
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affected
Cherubini until the end of his life. Politics forced him to hide his connections with the former aristocracy and seek governmental appointments. Although
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found him too complex, Cherubini wrote at least one patriotic work per year for more than a decade. He was appointed
Napoleon's director of music in
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wrote, "some maintain his temper was very even, because he was always angry." Nevertheless, Cherubini had many friends, including
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Feeling constrained by
Italian traditions and eager to experiment, Cherubini traveled to London in 1785 where he produced two
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259:(Pietro Trapassi), and others that adhered closely to standard dramatic conventions. His music was strongly influenced by
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regarded
Cherubini as the greatest living composer of his era. Cherubini's operas were heavily praised and interpreted by
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feast-day of the
Nativity of the Virgin. His instruction in music began at the age of six with his father, Bartolomeo,
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Disappointed with his lack of acclaim in the theater, Cherubini turned increasingly to church music, writing seven
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extant documents that show his full name after 1790, though his
Italian name is favored nowadays. Performances of
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and dramatic style at an early age. By the time he was thirteen, he had composed several religious works.
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During his lifetime, Cherubini received France's highest and most prestigious honors. These included the
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Although chamber music does not make up a large portion of his output, what he did write was important.
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Luigi
Cherubini String Quartet Nos.1 & 3, and String Quintet--sound-bites and discussion of works
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String
Quartet No. 2 in C (1829) - transcription of Symphony in D major with new second movement
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were favorably received at the Académie Royale de Musique in 1788. With Viotti's help, the
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Hymne du Panthéon: Grand Chœur à la gloire des martyrs de la liberté et de ses défenseurs
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Cherubini's music began to show more originality and daring. His first major success was
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271:, who were the leading Italian composers of the day. The first of his two comic works,
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for part of 1805 and 1806, whereupon he conducted several of his works in that city.
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659:, just four metres from his friend Chopin. His tomb was designed by the architect
595:, in 1835. His role at the Conservatoire brought him into conflict with the young
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294:. In the same year, he made an excursion to Paris with his friend the violinist
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1091:, "Cherubini, (Maria) Luigi (Carlo Zanobi Salvadore)" in Sadie, Stanley (Ed.),
939:"Luigi Cherubini | Biography, Compositions, & Facts | Britannica"
596:
476:
was an outright failure and most stage works after it did not achieve success.
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458:). The crowning Muse displeased Cherubini and is blacked out in some copies.
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391:(1791), which was admired for its realistic heroism. This was followed by
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and Parisian society. Cherubini received an important commission to write
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The grave of Cherubini, Pere Lachaise Cemetery, Paris, with sculpture by
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composer. His most significant compositions are operas and sacred music.
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2019:
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804:
Requiem in D minor for male chorus (1836) written for his own funeral
378:
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representing "Music" crowning a bust of the composer with a wreath.
5126:
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1329:
955:, e.g. in many daring harmonic progressions." Sohlmans Musiklexikon
564:
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443:
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73:
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548:, was a huge success. The work was greatly admired by Beethoven,
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492:(1813), an heroic drama set in Spain during the last days of the
478:
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185:
2162:
544:(1816), commemorating the anniversary of the execution of King
455:
425:
332:
276:
1850:
975:"Marie Louis Charles Zenobie Salvator Cherubini (1760 - 1842)"
466:, Parisian audiences began to favor younger composers such as
137:
125:
5372:
Members of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
721:
String Quintet (2 violins, viola, 2 cellos) in E minor (1837)
493:
320:
242:
92:
5096:
2118:
655:
Cherubini died in Paris in 1842 at age 81 and is buried at
143:
1024:
in Dictionnaire de la musique, by Gérard Pernon, page 57).
431:
In 1808 Cherubini was elected an associated member of the
128:
951:"There are clearly Romantic characteristics in his opera
521:, and many shorter pieces. During this period (under the
172:; 8 or 14 September 1760 – 15 March 1842) was an Italian
1020:, composed in 1794 in to celebrate Marat's death (Cf.
152:
140:
122:
119:
510:; it received critical praise but few performances.
134:
131:
788:Mass in G (1819) for the Coronation of Louis XVIII
726:
361:Cherubini adopted the French version of his name,
339:"Saint-Jean de Palestine" Masonic Lodge in 1784.
42:Portrait of Cherubini with a bust of his mentor,
5293:
977:. Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
809:
319:Except for a brief return trip to London and to
351:Title page of the first edition of Cherubini's
924:
922:
920:
918:
916:
914:
912:
779:for mixed chorus (1816) in memory of Louis XVI
4304:
1866:
1345:
1163:
529:, a position he would hold until the fall of
438:
363:Marie-Louis-Charles-Zénobi-Salvador Cherubini
233:In 1780, he was awarded a scholarship by the
228:
198:Maria Luigi Carlo Zenobio Salvatore Cherubini
111:Maria Luigi Carlo Zenobio Salvatore Cherubini
60:Maria Luigi Carlo Zenobio Salvatore Cherubini
5337:Academic staff of the Conservatoire de Paris
1065:Cobbett's Cyclopedic Survey of Chamber Music
652:, the first musician to receive that title.
213:", in other words, ensemble leader from the
5327:Italian classical composers of church music
1095:, Vol. 1, A-D, New York: MacMillan, 1994.
1053:, Paris: M. Schlesinger, 1835 OCLC 11909698
909:
572:medal, lithograph by Marie Alexandre Alophe
4311:
4297:
1873:
1859:
1352:
1338:
1170:
1156:
749:Mass in A for three voices (1809, dubious)
587:In 1822, Cherubini became director of the
500:, was Cherubini's attempt to compete with
331:, Cherubini spent the rest of his life in
36:
1132:International Music Score Library Project
559:
575:
563:
442:
346:
5342:Directors of the Conservatoire de Paris
770:Mass (4th messe solennelle) in C (1816)
5294:
718:String Quartet No. 6 in A minor (1837)
709:String Quartet No. 3 in D minor (1834)
663:and includes a figure by the sculptor
342:
4292:
4220:Romanticism and the French Revolution
1854:
1333:
1151:
733:Five masses (written 1773–1776, lost)
703:String Quartet No. 1 in E-flat (1814)
568:Luigi Cherubini in old age wearing a
407:(1797), Cherubini's best-known work.
167:
1359:
1040:Handbuch für Streichquartettspielers
890:A treatise on counterpoint and fugue
273:Lo sposo di tre e marito di nessuna,
5312:19th-century Italian male musicians
5170:Tchaikovsky and the Belyayev circle
1177:
1060:(Oxford Studies of Composers, 1965)
882:
675:
646:Membre de l'Académie des Beaux-Arts
632:Handbook for String Quartet Players
628:Handbuch für Streichquartettspieler
13:
5347:Italian Classical-period composers
5332:Commanders of the Legion of Honour
4318:
1077:, New York: Penguin Putnam, 2001.
433:Royal Institute of the Netherlands
14:
5388:
5317:Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery
1108:
1093:The New Grove Dictionary of Opera
1042:, Amsterdam: Hinrichtshofen, 1972
877:List of operas by Luigi Cherubini
746:for eight voices and organ (1806)
650:Commandeur de la Légion d'honneur
527:Surintendant de la Musique du Roi
5367:Italian string quartet composers
5275:
5266:
5265:
4273:
4272:
1834:
1825:
1824:
1067:, Oxford University Press, 1963.
1051:Cours de contrepoint et de fugue
833:: Incidental music for the play
715:String Quartet No. 5 in F (1835)
712:String Quartet No. 4 in E (1835)
696:
593:Cours de contrepoint et de fugue
115:
19:For the Italian footballer, see
1880:
1370:List of Classical-era composers
727:Masses and sections of the Mass
1138:Free scores by Luigi Cherubini
1128:Free scores by Luigi Cherubini
1007:
998:
995:Willis, in Sadie (ed.), p. 834
989:
967:
958:
945:
931:
928:Willis, in Sadie (Ed.), p. 833
791:Mass in B-flat (1821, dubious)
191:
1:
5322:Catholic liturgical composers
4243:Wanderer above the Sea of Fog
1115:Entry for Luigi Cherubini in
897:
810:Motets and other choral works
648:(1815). In 1841, he was made
452:Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres
5362:Italian male opera composers
1142:Choral Public Domain Library
902:
591:and completed his textbook,
335:where he was initiated into
169:[luˈiːdʒikeruˈbiːni]
21:Luigi Cherubini (footballer)
16:Italian composer (1760–1842)
7:
5213:Gothic Revival architecture
1075:The New Penguin Opera Guide
615:and, above all, the artist
470:. Cherubini's opera-ballet
10:
5393:
5154:Neue Zeitschrift für Musik
4329:List of Romantic composers
4160:Coleridge's theory of life
1031:
688:Symphony in D major (1815)
535:Royal Philharmonic Society
439:From opera to church music
279:theater in November 1783.
229:Adulthood and first operas
18:
5245:
5190:
5135:
5069:
5048:
4335:
4326:
4252:
4215:Romanticism and economics
4152:
4044:
3791:
3613:
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3349:
3308:
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2492:
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2230:Manuel Antônio de Almeida
2212:
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2089:
1957:
1888:
1804:
1759:
1738:
1702:
1681:
1376:
1367:
1317:
1300:
1185:
1117:The Catholic Encyclopedia
869:
855:("Hymn to Spring") (1815)
739:in B-flat (1805, dubious)
665:Augustin-Alexandre Dumont
533:(1830). In 1815 London's
100:
81:
55:
35:
28:
5175:Tchaikovsky and The Five
1995:German historical school
670:
312:that would be his first
308:to a French libretto by
296:Giovanni Battista Viotti
5377:Musicians from Florence
5357:Italian opera composers
5352:Italian music theorists
2642:Józef Ignacy Kraszewski
1234:L'hôtellerie portugaise
1045:Cherubini, Luigi (with
799:Coronation of Charles X
310:Jean-François Marmontel
298:, who presented him to
5198:Common practice period
4225:Romanticism in science
4180:Middle Ages in history
4175:List of Romantic poets
2887:Josiah Gilbert Holland
1767:Common practice period
737:Messe solennelle brève
657:Père Lachaise Cemetery
584:
573:
560:Later years and legacy
459:
358:
337:Grand Orient de France
4195:Romantic epistemology
4185:Opium and Romanticism
2754:Stojadinović-Srpkinja
1980:Counter-Enlightenment
1730:Turkish music (style)
1384:First Viennese School
1063:Cobbett, W.W. (Ed.),
839:Jean-Baptiste Pujoulx
691:Marche funèbre (1820)
579:
567:
446:
416:The fallout from the
350:
327:commissioned by King
235:Grand Duke of Tuscany
5235:Romantic nationalism
5181:War of the Romantics
4259:Age of Enlightenment
1901:England (literature)
1777:Age of Enlightenment
1018:Marie-Joseph Chénier
941:. 10 September 2023.
245:. Cherubini's early
221:, Cherubini studied
5230:Musical nationalism
5148:Musical nationalism
4210:Romantic psychology
2005:Hudson River School
1949:Sweden (literature)
1934:Russia (literature)
1689:Classical orchestra
1321:Operas by Cherubini
1308:Overture in G major
835:La Mort de Mirabeau
546:Louis XVI of France
525:) he was appointed
397:(1794), set in the
375:Théâtre de Monsieur
343:French assimilation
315:tragédie en musique
196:Cherubini was born
104:Classical, Romantic
5143:Indianist movement
5061:Romantic orchestra
2195:White Mountain art
2136:Historical fiction
1944:Spain (literature)
1089:Willis, Stephen C.
1038:Altmann, Wilhelm,
853:Hymne au printemps
777:Requiem in C minor
765:Principe Esterházy
761:in D minor (1811)
585:
574:
542:Requiem in C minor
460:
365:; this appears in
359:
357:, full score, 1797
329:Victor Amadeus III
237:to study music in
207:maestro al cembalo
5289:
5288:
5160:New German School
4755:Felix Mendelssohn
4750:Fanny Mendelssohn
4286:
4285:
4200:Romantic medicine
4170:List of romantics
3609:
3608:
3260:Felix Mendelssohn
3255:Fanny Mendelssohn
3066:
3065:
2780:Rosalía de Castro
2718:Soares dos Passos
2066:Transcendentalism
2030:Nazarene movement
1990:Düsseldorf School
1848:
1847:
1327:
1326:
1242:Les deux journées
859:Hymne du Panthéon
773:Credo in D (1816)
626:, writing in his
523:restored monarchy
464:Les deux journées
418:French Revolution
410:Les deux journées
251:used libretti by
108:
107:
70:September 8, 1760
5384:
5279:
5269:
5268:
5165:Post-romanticism
5030:Vaughan Williams
4313:
4306:
4299:
4290:
4289:
4276:
4275:
4235:Evolution theory
3077:
3076:
2210:
2209:
2071:Ukrainian school
1875:
1868:
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1838:
1828:
1827:
1361:Classical period
1354:
1347:
1340:
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1172:
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1149:
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1047:Fromental Halévy
1025:
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949:
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935:
929:
926:
883:Teaching manuals
827:(premiered 1789)
795:Messe solennelle
676:Orchestral music
641:Légion d'honneur
639:Chevalier de la
570:Légion d'Honneur
300:Marie Antoinette
269:Antonio Sacchini
261:Niccolò Jommelli
217:). Considered a
209:("Master of the
171:
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40:
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5292:
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5285:
5262:
5258:Modernist music
5254:
5251:Classical music
5241:
5186:
5131:
5112:Romantic ballet
5107:Orchestral song
5087:Chorale prelude
5082:Character piece
5065:
5056:Romantic guitar
5049:Instrumentation
5044:
4880:Rimsky-Korsakov
4500:Ferdinand David
4337:
4331:
4322:
4317:
4287:
4282:
4281:
4270:
4262:
4248:
4205:Romantic poetry
4190:Romantic ballet
4165:German idealism
4148:
4114:Lacoue-Labarthe
4040:
3787:
3605:
3554:
3523:
3504:Rimsky-Korsakov
3447:
3396:
3345:
3304:
3213:
3157:
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3062:
2911:
2855:
2804:
2763:
2722:
2676:
2618:
2559:Maria Edgeworth
2495:
2488:
2367:
2289:
2199:
2178:Romantic genius
2108:Gesamtkunstwerk
2085:
2046:Sturm und Drang
1953:
1884:
1879:
1849:
1844:
1821:
1813:
1800:
1755:
1751:Galant Schemata
1734:
1725:Sensitive style
1698:
1682:Instrumentation
1677:
1411:Mannheim school
1372:
1363:
1358:
1328:
1323:
1313:
1296:
1282:Les Abencérages
1181:
1179:Luigi Cherubini
1176:
1111:
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753:Messe de Chimay
729:
724:
699:
694:
678:
673:
661:Achille Leclère
624:Wilhelm Altmann
582:Augustin Dumont
562:
489:Les Abencérages
486:and Beethoven.
441:
345:
275:premiered at a
265:Tommaso Traetta
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118:
114:
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48:François Dumont
31:
30:Luigi Cherubini
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5122:Symphonic poem
5119:
5117:Romantic opera
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4320:Romantic music
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4153:Related topics
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3856:David d'Angers
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3018:Oehlenschläger
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2688:Castelo Branco
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2114:Gothic fiction
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2102:British Marine
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2000:Gothic revival
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1817:Romantic music
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1746:Notes inégales
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1694:String quartet
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1563:Martín y Soler
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1109:External links
1107:
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1071:Holden, Amanda
1068:
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1056:Deane, Basil,
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964:Holden, p. 174
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292:King's Theatre
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89:(aged 81)
85:March 15, 1842
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44:Giuseppe Sarti
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5163:
5161:
5158:
5156:
5155:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5140:
5138:
5134:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5085:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5074:
5072:
5068:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5053:
5051:
5047:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4965:J. Strauss II
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4342:
4340:
4336:Composers and
4334:
4330:
4325:
4321:
4314:
4309:
4307:
4302:
4300:
4295:
4294:
4291:
4280:
4279:
4268:
4267:
4261:
4260:
4251:
4245:
4244:
4240:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4227:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4157:
4155:
4151:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4051:
4049:
4047:
4043:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3798:
3796:
3794:
3790:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3620:
3618:
3616:
3612:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3563:
3561:
3557:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3532:
3530:
3526:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3456:
3454:
3450:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3405:
3403:
3399:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3354:
3352:
3348:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3313:
3311:
3307:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3222:
3220:
3216:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3166:
3164:
3160:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3130:
3128:
3124:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3084:
3082:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3069:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2973:Nikolai Gogol
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2920:
2918:
2914:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2864:
2862:
2858:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2813:
2811:
2807:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2766:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2731:
2729:
2725:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2685:
2683:
2679:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2629:
2627:
2625:
2621:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2604:P. B. Shelley
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2584:Mary Robinson
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2501:
2499:
2497:
2491:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2376:
2374:
2370:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2313:Chateaubriand
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2300:
2298:
2296:
2292:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2217:
2215:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2202:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2190:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2143:
2142:Mal du siècle
2139:
2137:
2134:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2121:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2109:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2094:
2092:
2088:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2061:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2048:
2047:
2043:
2042:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1962:
1960:
1956:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1893:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1876:
1871:
1869:
1864:
1862:
1857:
1856:
1853:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1831:
1823:
1822:
1819:
1818:
1812:
1811:
1810:Baroque music
1803:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1779:
1778:
1775:
1774:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1764:
1762:
1758:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1743:
1741:
1737:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1707:
1705:
1701:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1686:
1684:
1680:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1628:Saint-Georges
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1458:C. P. E. Bach
1456:
1454:
1451:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1413:
1412:
1409:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1386:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1366:
1362:
1355:
1350:
1348:
1343:
1341:
1336:
1335:
1332:
1322:
1316:
1309:
1306:
1305:
1303:
1299:
1292:
1291:
1287:
1284:
1283:
1279:
1276:
1275:
1271:
1268:
1267:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1255:
1252:
1251:
1247:
1244:
1243:
1239:
1236:
1235:
1231:
1228:
1227:
1223:
1220:
1219:
1215:
1212:
1211:
1207:
1204:
1203:
1199:
1196:
1195:
1191:
1190:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1173:
1168:
1166:
1161:
1159:
1154:
1153:
1150:
1143:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1118:
1113:
1112:
1102:
1101:0-935859-92-6
1098:
1094:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1083:0-14-029312-4
1080:
1076:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1062:
1059:
1055:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1041:
1037:
1036:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1010:
1001:
992:
976:
970:
961:
954:
948:
940:
934:
925:
923:
921:
919:
917:
915:
913:
908:
892:
891:
887:
886:
878:
874:
873:
863:
860:
857:
854:
850:
847:
843:
840:
836:
832:
829:
826:
822:
819:
815:
814:
803:
800:
797:in A for the
796:
793:
790:
787:
784:
781:
778:
775:
772:
769:
767:
766:
760:
757:
754:
751:
748:
745:
741:
738:
735:
732:
731:
720:
717:
714:
711:
708:
705:
702:
701:
697:Chamber music
690:
687:
684:
683:Overture in G
681:
680:
668:
666:
662:
658:
653:
651:
647:
643:
642:
635:
633:
629:
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589:Conservatoire
583:
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253:Apostolo Zeno
250:
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219:child prodigy
216:
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58:
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39:
34:
27:
22:
5256:
5249:
5152:
5136:Other topics
4960:J. Strauss I
4850:Rachmaninoff
4605:Gretchaninov
4469:
4271:
4264:
4257:
4241:
3961:Porto-Alegre
3615:Philosophers
3499:Rachmaninoff
3366:
2948:Chavchavadze
2938:Baratashvili
2698:João de Deus
2667:Wincenty Pol
2459:Küchelbecker
2187:
2153:Noble savage
2140:
2106:
2081:Wallenrodism
2058:
2044:
1975:Coppet group
1909:(literature)
1815:
1808:
1710:Galant music
1477:
1288:
1280:
1274:Le crescendo
1272:
1264:
1256:
1248:
1240:
1232:
1224:
1216:
1208:
1200:
1192:
1178:
1144:(ChoralWiki)
1116:
1092:
1074:
1064:
1057:
1050:
1039:
1021:
1016:, lyrics by
1013:
1009:
1000:
991:
979:. Retrieved
969:
960:
947:
933:
888:
858:
852:
846:Clytemnestra
845:
834:
830:
824:
817:
794:
782:
762:
758:
752:
743:
736:
654:
649:
645:
638:
636:
631:
627:
621:
601:Adolphe Adam
592:
586:
540:Cherubini's
539:
526:
512:
505:
487:
477:
471:
463:
461:
430:
415:
408:
402:
392:
386:
384:
370:
366:
362:
360:
352:
324:
313:
303:
287:
283:
281:
272:
246:
232:
223:counterpoint
206:
197:
195:
110:
109:
87:(1842-03-15)
5307:1842 deaths
5302:1760 births
5203:Romanticism
4985:Tchaikovsky
4920:R. Schumann
4915:C. Schumann
4900:Saint-Saëns
4795:Niedermeyer
4685:Leoncavallo
4655:Kalkbrenner
4430:Bortkiewicz
3951:Michałowski
3783:Wackenroder
3748:F. Schlegel
3743:A. Schlegel
3519:Tchaikovsky
3408:Bortkiewicz
3280:R. Schumann
3275:C. Schumann
3240:Kalkbrenner
3209:Saint-Saëns
2514:Anne Brontë
2399:Eichendorff
2384:B. v. Arnim
2379:A. v. Arnim
2189:Weltschmerz
2148:Medievalism
2097:Blue flower
2025:Nationalist
1970:Bohemianism
1882:Romanticism
1528:Hoffmeister
1498:Dittersdorf
1301:Other works
831:Trois chœrs
785:in E (1818)
755:in F (1809)
644:(1814) and
605:Szymanowska
496:kingdom of
325:opera seria
288:opera buffa
284:opere serie
248:opere serie
215:harpsichord
211:harpsichord
192:Early years
5296:Categories
5191:Background
5092:Intermezzo
5025:Wieniawski
5005:Vieuxtemps
4970:R. Strauss
4895:Rubinstein
4820:Paderewski
4790:Mussorgsky
4785:Moszkowski
4760:Mercadante
3826:Chassériau
3801:Aivazovsky
3509:Rubinstein
3494:Mussorgsky
3443:Wieniawski
3428:Paderewski
3270:Moszkowski
3053:Vörösmarty
3043:Shevchenko
2897:Longfellow
2821:Batyushkov
2816:Baratynsky
2785:Espronceda
2652:Mickiewicz
2647:Malczewski
2614:Wordsworth
2599:M. Shelley
2554:de Quincey
2419:Günderrode
2303:Baudelaire
2183:Wanderlust
2020:Lake Poets
1772:Classicism
1760:Background
1739:Techniques
1715:Intermezzo
1673:Zingarelli
1578:Mysliveček
1473:Boccherini
1463:J. C. Bach
1446:J. Stamitz
1441:C. Stamitz
1266:Pimmalione
1004:Deane p.30
898:References
507:La vestale
399:Swiss Alps
257:Metastasio
66:1760-09-08
4805:Offenbach
4780:Moscheles
4775:Moniuszko
4770:Meyerbeer
4725:Marschner
4710:MacDowell
4525:Donizetti
4470:Cherubini
4460:Chaminade
4385:Beethoven
4370:Balakirev
4360:Atterberg
4338:musicians
4266:Modernism
3926:Kiprensky
3886:Géricault
3871:Friedrich
3861:Delacroix
3836:Constable
3816:Bonington
3806:Bierstadt
3758:Senancour
3733:Schelling
3688:Lamennais
3683:Khomyakov
3648:Coleridge
3643:Chaadayev
3550:Stanković
3545:Mokranjac
3464:Balakirev
3423:Moniuszko
3372:Donizetti
3367:Cherubini
3265:Meyerbeer
3250:Marschner
3225:Beethoven
3138:Moscheles
3072:Musicians
3058:Wergeland
3023:Orbeliani
2978:Grundtvig
2882:Hawthorne
2851:Zhukovsky
2846:Vyazemsky
2831:Lermontov
2790:Gutiérrez
2749:Radičević
2713:Herculano
2637:Krasiński
2579:Radcliffe
2549:Coleridge
2524:E. Brontë
2519:C. Brontë
2449:Jean Paul
2444:Hölderlin
2333:Lamartine
2270:Magalhães
2260:Guimarães
2168:Pantheism
2158:Nostalgia
2010:Indianism
1958:Movements
1889:Countries
1787:Economics
1720:Pastorale
1668:Wranitzky
1588:Paisiello
1573:L. Mozart
1478:Cherubini
1421:Cannabich
1389:Beethoven
1377:Composers
1210:Koukourgi
1194:Démophoon
1058:Cherubini
1022:Cherubini
981:5 October
903:Citations
864:38 motets
744:a capella
531:Charles X
468:Boieldieu
379:Tuileries
371:Démophoon
305:Démophoon
182:Beethoven
174:Classical
5271:Category
5248: ←
5127:Symphony
4990:Thalberg
4955:Spontini
4930:Sibelius
4925:Scriabin
4910:Schubert
4905:Sarasate
4870:Respighi
4865:Reinecke
4825:Paganini
4735:Massenet
4730:Masarnau
4715:Madetoja
4660:Kreisler
4650:Kalivoda
4595:J. Gomis
4580:Glazunov
4575:Giuliani
4465:Chausson
4455:Chadwick
4445:Bruckner
4278:Category
4094:Dahlhaus
4079:Blanning
4046:Scholars
4016:Tropinin
4011:Tidemand
4001:Stattler
3996:Scheffer
3896:Głowacki
3866:Edelfelt
3821:Bryullov
3763:Snellman
3738:Schiller
3728:Rousseau
3708:Michelet
3653:Constant
3623:Belinsky
3596:Sibelius
3540:Konjović
3514:Scriabin
3484:Lyapunov
3418:Lipiński
3387:Spontini
3377:Paganini
3321:Goldmark
3112:Thalberg
3107:Schubert
3087:Bruckner
3048:Topelius
3038:Runeberg
3028:Prešeren
2998:Leopardi
2963:Frashëri
2953:Eminescu
2933:Andersen
2841:Tyutchev
2826:Karamzin
2800:Zorrilla
2795:Saavedra
2693:Castilho
2681:Portugal
2672:Słowacki
2574:Polidori
2504:Barbauld
2439:Hoffmann
2394:Brentano
2308:Bertrand
2129:Romantic
1965:Ancients
1939:Scotland
1830:Category
1807: ←
1623:Sacchini
1593:Piccinni
1548:Kreutzer
1543:Koželuch
1523:M. Haydn
1518:Gyrowetz
1488:Clementi
1483:Cimarosa
1468:G. Benda
1404:Schubert
1290:Ali Baba
1250:Anacréon
1202:Lodoïska
851:Cantata
844:Cantata
823:Cantata
816:Cantata
550:Schumann
519:requiems
502:Spontini
473:Anacréon
448:Portrait
422:Napoleon
388:Lodoïska
290:for the
277:Venetian
202:Florence
178:Romantic
165:Italian:
95:, France
74:Florence
5261:→
5223:Science
5102:Mazurka
5077:Ballade
5010:Voříšek
4980:Tárrega
4975:Taneyev
4935:Smetana
4890:Rossini
4845:Puccini
4840:Prudent
4800:Nielsen
4765:Méreaux
4740:Medtner
4705:Lysenko
4675:Lachner
4640:Joachim
4620:Herbert
4540:Farrenc
4505:Delibes
4480:Crusell
4425:Borodin
4415:Berwald
4405:Berlioz
4395:Bennett
4390:Bellini
4375:Bazzini
4355:Arensky
4119:Lovejoy
4054:Abraham
3976:Richard
3966:Préault
3891:Girodet
3773:Thoreau
3718:Novalis
3703:Mazzini
3698:Maistre
3673:Hazlitt
3658:Emerson
3638:Carlyle
3628:Berchet
3571:Berwald
3566:Bennett
3535:Hristić
3489:Medtner
3469:Borodin
3459:Arensky
3382:Rossini
3357:Bellini
3336:Joachim
3309:Hungary
3290:Strauss
3218:Germany
3184:Berlioz
3153:Voříšek
3148:Smetana
3126:Czechia
3080:Austria
3013:Maturin
3008:Manzoni
2983:Heliade
2958:Foscolo
2928:Alfieri
2923:Abovian
2877:Emerson
2836:Pushkin
2775:Bécquer
2708:Garrett
2662:Potocki
2609:Southey
2569:Maturin
2539:Carlyle
2496:Britain
2469:Novalis
2424:Gutzkow
2372:Germany
2338:Mérimée
2323:Gautier
2250:Barreto
2245:Azevedo
2225:Alencar
2205:Writers
2124:Byronic
2060:Purismo
1914:Germany
1896:Denmark
1820:→
1792:Physics
1653:Traetta
1633:Salieri
1618:Rosetti
1553:Krommer
1436:Richter
1258:Faniska
1140:in the
1134:(IMSLP)
1130:at the
1073:(Ed.),
1032:Sources
861:(1794)
818:Amphion
763:per il
609:Rossini
498:Granada
494:Moorish
479:Faniska
377:in the
323:for an
286:and an
239:Bologna
186:Rossini
76:, Italy
50:(1792).
5281:Portal
5218:Poetry
5070:Genres
5015:Wagner
4995:Tobias
4860:Reicha
4835:Popper
4815:Pacini
4810:Onslow
4720:Mahler
4700:Lumbye
4665:Kuhlau
4645:Joplin
4635:Hummel
4625:Hérold
4615:Halévy
4600:Gounod
4585:Glinka
4565:Franck
4560:Foster
4530:Dvořák
4520:d'Indy
4510:Delius
4490:Czerny
4475:Chopin
4450:Busoni
4435:Brahms
4410:Bertin
4400:Bériot
4144:Wellek
4124:de Man
4109:Janion
4099:Ferber
4074:Berlin
4069:Beiser
4064:Barzun
4059:Abrams
4036:Wiertz
4021:Turner
3971:Révoil
3956:Palmer
3946:Martin
3941:Leutze
3916:Janmot
3876:Fuseli
3831:Church
3723:Quinet
3713:Müller
3668:Goethe
3663:Fichte
3586:Franck
3528:Serbia
3479:Glinka
3452:Russia
3438:Tausig
3433:Stolpe
3413:Chopin
3401:Poland
3362:Busoni
3326:Heller
3295:Wagner
3230:Brahms
3204:Onslow
3194:Halévy
3162:France
3143:Reicha
3133:Dvořák
3102:Mahler
3097:Hummel
3092:Czerny
2988:Isaacs
2968:Geijer
2902:Lowell
2892:Irving
2872:Cooper
2867:Bryant
2809:Russia
2744:Njegoš
2739:Kostić
2734:Jakšić
2727:Serbia
2657:Norwid
2632:Fredro
2624:Poland
2594:Seward
2484:Uhland
2474:Schwab
2464:Mörike
2454:Kleist
2409:Goethe
2404:Fouqué
2353:Nodier
2348:Nerval
2343:Musset
2295:France
2285:Varela
2280:Taunay
2265:Macedo
2213:Brazil
2163:Ossian
2090:Themes
1929:Poland
1924:Norway
1906:France
1840:Portal
1703:Genres
1663:Wanhal
1658:Viotti
1603:Reicha
1598:Pleyel
1583:Neruda
1558:Kuhlau
1533:Hummel
1513:Gossec
1503:Dussek
1493:Czerny
1431:Fränzl
1399:Mozart
1319:List:
1310:(1815)
1293:(1833)
1285:(1813)
1277:(1810)
1269:(1809)
1261:(1806)
1253:(1803)
1245:(1800)
1237:(1798)
1229:(1797)
1221:(1794)
1213:(1792)
1205:(1791)
1197:(1788)
1186:Operas
1099:
1081:
893:(1841)
870:Operas
848:(1794)
841:(1791)
820:(1786)
801:(1825)
742:Credo
685:(1815)
617:Ingres
613:Chopin
554:Brahms
517:, two
515:masses
462:After
456:Louvre
426:Vienna
401:, and
333:France
267:, and
5208:Chess
5040:Ysaÿe
5020:Weber
5000:Verdi
4950:Spohr
4945:Sousa
4830:Paine
4745:Méhul
4695:Loewe
4690:Liszt
4670:Kuula
4630:Holst
4610:Grieg
4590:Gomes
4570:Franz
4555:Foote
4550:Field
4545:Fauré
4535:Elgar
4515:Denza
4440:Bruch
4420:Bizet
4380:Beach
4365:Auber
4350:Alkan
4230:Bacon
4139:Rosen
4134:Ricks
4129:Nancy
4089:Blume
4084:Bloom
4006:Stroy
3991:Saleh
3986:Runge
3936:Lampi
3921:Jones
3911:Hayez
3846:Corot
3811:Blake
3778:Tieck
3768:Staël
3693:Larra
3678:Hegel
3633:Burke
3591:Grieg
3581:Field
3576:Elgar
3559:Other
3392:Verdi
3350:Italy
3341:Liszt
3331:Hubay
3316:Erkel
3300:Weber
3285:Spohr
3245:Loewe
3235:Bruch
3199:Méhul
3189:Fauré
3179:Auber
3174:Alkan
3033:Raffi
3003:Mácha
2993:Lenau
2943:Botev
2916:Other
2768:Spain
2703:Dinis
2589:Scott
2564:Keats
2544:Clare
2534:Byron
2529:Burns
2509:Blake
2494:Great
2479:Tieck
2434:Heine
2429:Hauff
2363:Vigny
2358:Staël
2318:Dumas
2240:Assis
2235:Alves
2220:Abreu
2173:Rhine
2076:Ultra
1919:Japan
1648:Spohr
1643:Soler
1638:Sarti
1568:Méhul
1538:Kraus
1508:Gluck
1394:Haydn
1226:Médée
1218:Eliza
953:Médée
825:Circé
671:Works
484:Haydn
404:Médée
394:Elisa
354:Médée
321:Turin
243:Milan
93:Paris
46:, by
5097:Lied
5035:Wolf
4885:Rode
4875:Ries
4855:Raff
4680:Lalo
4345:Adam
4104:Frye
4031:Ward
4026:Veit
3981:Rude
3931:Koch
3906:Gude
3901:Goya
3851:Dahl
3841:Cole
3169:Adam
3117:Wolf
2860:U.S.
2759:Zmaj
2389:Beer
2328:Hugo
2275:Reis
2255:Dias
2119:Hero
2054:Post
2015:Jena
1985:Dark
1613:Rode
1608:Ries
1453:Abel
1426:Fils
1416:Beck
1097:ISBN
1079:ISBN
983:2016
875:See
552:and
241:and
176:and
160:-nee
156:-uu-
154:KERR
82:Died
56:Born
4940:Sor
4485:Cui
3601:Sor
3474:Cui
2907:Poe
2040:Pre
2035:Neo
1782:Art
837:by
504:'s
450:by
367:all
200:in
158:BEE
101:Era
5298::
4256:←
1049:,
911:^
611:,
607:,
435:.
263:,
255:,
188:.
163:;
138:iː
126:ɛr
5183:"
5179:"
4312:e
4305:t
4298:v
4269:→
1874:e
1867:t
1860:v
1353:e
1346:t
1339:v
1171:e
1164:t
1157:v
1103:.
1085:.
985:.
630:(
454:(
317:.
147:/
144:i
141:n
135:b
132:ˈ
129:ʊ
123:k
120:ˌ
117:/
113:(
68:)
64:(
23:.
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