House of Lusignan - Knowledge

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The people of Korikos asked for protection from the Muslims. Peter sent his kinsman, Sir Roberto de Lusignan to lead the siege of Korikos. The Lusignans succeeded, and the various Muslim leaders united against Peter, launching an assault on Cyprus. Peter united Knights of Saint John from Rhodes, Papal armies, and Mediterranean pirates to defeat the Muslim fleets before they could land. After another defeat at Antalya the remaining emirs in the region offered him tribute, and he accepted, sending the flags, coats of arms, and other symbols of his house to be raised in different cities. Peter personally visited many of the cities he conquered, where he was given trophies, gifts, and was even worshiped by some.

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Genoese agreed, and invaded in 1373, which led to them capturing Famagusta, the most important port in the region. Peter II recalled forces from cities along the Asian Minor to defend Cyprus, resulting in their loss. He signed a treaty with the Genoese, one of the conditions being that his uncle, James, the youngest brother of his father Peter I, be exiled from Cyprus. This ended the war, but James was captured by the Genoese in Rhodes and held captive in Genoa. After the war Eleanor finally killed Prince John, still under the belief he had murdered her husband. Peter II signed a peace treaty with the Sultan of Egypt, and died in 1382 at Nicosia.

1278: 980:, Sibylla's son from her first marriage, in precedence over Sibylla. They also established a process to choose the monarch afterwards between Sibylla and Isabella (whom Baldwin and the Haute Cour thus recognized as at least equally entitled to succession as Sibylla), though Sibylla was not herself excluded from the succession. After the death of Baldwin V in 1186, Guy and Sibylla went to Jerusalem for the funeral, accompanied by an armed guard. Sibylla was crowned as Queen of Jerusalem, on the condition that she annul her marriage with Guy. In return she could marry whom she chose. Her decision to remarry Guy angered the barons. 2643: 484: 2657: 2144: 2889: 2784: 2624: 2269:, married Charlotte de Bourbon and their marriage was described as a "cornerstone in the revitalisation of French culture in the Lusignan court that characterised Janus's rule". Charlotte died on 15 January 1422 of the plague. She was buried in the Royal Monastery of Saint Dominic's in Nicosia. Her many descendants included Queen Charlotte of Cyprus, Queen Jeanne III of Navarre; French Kings Charles VIII, Francis I, Henry II, Francis II, Charles IX, Henry III, Henry IV and the subsequent Bourbon kings; Anne of France, and Mary, Queen of Scots. 63: 572: 2692: 984: 94: 929: 2861: 2374: 2706: 2209: 2826: 2748: 82: 1548: 2671: 1242: 2927: 2946:

through the door, and saw Melusine bathing. She was a serpent, or according to some sources, a mermaid, from waist down. He told Raymondin of this, and when Melusine was confronted she wept at the betrayal, turned into a dragon, and flew away. She would fly over the castle whenever a new Lusignan became lord. It is for this reason that a mermaid is the Lusignan crest and dragons were their supporters. These symbols also adorned the family's various castles.

2875: 1037:, which was retaliation for the lord of Cyprus having taken Richard's fiancée as prisoner. Afterwards Richard and Guy returned to the siege of Acre. Richard gave up his claim to Jerusalem and supported Guy, while the king of France and the duke of Austria supported their kinsman Conrad. Guy still saved Conrad's life when he was surrounded by the enemy. Richard put the matter of the kingdom of Jerusalem to a vote, which Conrad won, leaving Guy powerless. 2840: 2200:

12 nobles. Some of the nobles opposed his return, led by the brothers Perotte and Vilmonde de Montolivve, who wished to be kings themselves. In 1385 James returned again, and succeeded, being crowned in Nicosia. In 1388 he was crowned king of Jerusalem, and in 1393, following the death of his cousin Leon of Armenia (Leon V of Lusignan, also called Leo V or Levon), he was crowned king of Armenia. James died in 1398, and was succeeded by his son Janus.

894:) to marry a man of their choosing. Agnes was said to have foiled these plans by advising her son Baldwin to have Sibylla married to Guy; however Baldwin, now believed to have been less malleable than earlier historians have portrayed, was considering the international implications of his sister's marriage. The best husband for her would be a knight who could rally external help to the kingdom, and not a local nobleman. As the new King of France, 2903: 2044: 2734: 956: 1426: 2798: 3081: 2720: 2812: 2184:, and in 1368 attempted once again to unite Europe in a crusade. Pope Urban V instead had Peter make peace with the Sultan of Egypt, who was attacking Christian ships in retaliation for Peter's crusade. The increased commerce under Peter's reign led to Famagusta becoming one of the wealthiest cities of its time. It became renowned as a place where the rich could live in lavish surroundings. 1988:, the Sultan of Egypt. Henry fled to Cyprus and under his rule, that kingdom prospered. He had the "Haute Cour" keep written records for the first time in their history, and developed them from a simple advisory council into a true court that tried criminals. His goal of reclaiming Jerusalem went unfulfilled, despite alliances with Persia and twice requesting 2358:

monies for the required ransoms. Cyprus also had to offer the sultan an annual tax based on income from 5,000 duchies. This tax continued to be paid even after the end of Frankish rule in Cyprus. Together with Janus, some of the captives bought their freedom after their families collected money for ransoms. Those who remained as captives were sold as slaves.

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Europe he had the man who helped them tortured and hanged, and sent ships to find and imprison his sons. He had a strong interest in art, literature and philosophy, hosting regular philosophical discussions at his summer villa in Lapithos and commissioned Genealogia deorum gentilium by the Italian writer Giovanni Boccaccio. In 1347 Prince

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Peter's brother John served as regent for 12-year-old Peter II. John's appointment was opposed by many, especially Peter's wife Eleanor of Aragon, who suspected John of arranging the assassination. Vowing revenge, Eleanor asked for military aid from Europe in order to punish Peter I's murderers. The

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ordered that all Templars be arrested and their properties seized, leaving Amalric no choice but to comply. This led to a small uprising and calls for Henry to retake the throne, but it quickly subsided. Among those arrested were several nobles, including two members of the Ibelin family. Amalric was

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and Arabs and arrived at the island with 180 ships near Avdimou. Limassol was again occupied. Janus mustered his army and moved from Nicosia to Limassol. He asked in vain for help from the forces in Europe: the Genoese were his enemies, and the Venetians and others did not want to destroy commercial

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Meanwhile, because Cyprus was still a permanent base of campaign for pirates and adventurers, after raids around the Cypriot coasts, Janus had repeated discussions with the Sultan of Egypt via the sultan's representatives. Janus was unable to stop the raids, which gave the Muslims a reason to attack

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Two years later, the island was affected by epidemics. Simultaneously, there were many raids of locusts on the island, which caused destruction to agriculture. A new epidemic arrived in 1419–20, which probably caused the death of Janus' second wife, Charlotte on 15 January 1422. Because the king was

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Raymondin agreed, and together they had ten children, founding the dynasty. They built the Château de Lusignan in 15 days, naming it after Melusine. One day Raymondin's brothers asked why she disappeared every Saturday, and Raymondin said that it was a condition of their marriage. One brother spied

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While Janus was captive in Cyprus, the nobles and the royal family members were trying to gain his release, while dealing with Alexis' rebellion. With help from Europe, the rebellion was repressed after 10 months. The rebels' leader was arrested and, after terrible tortures, was executed in Nicosia

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was to succeed as the new king. Unfortunately James was still a captive of the Genoese. While in captivity he had wed Helvis of Brunswick-Grubenhagen and had 12 children. After agreeing to give the Genoese more rights in Cyprus, he was released. While he was away Cyprus was governed by a council of

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While on one of his visits to Rome Peter received word that the barons of Armenia wanted him as king. He returned to Cyprus to find that his queen had been unfaithful while he was away, and he tyrannized all nobles she showed favor to, including his brothers. In 1369 Peter was assassinated while in

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In 1358 Hugh abdicated the throne, passing it on to his military minded son Peter instead of his grandson Hugh, the heir apparent. Peter believed that since Cyprus was the last Christian stronghold in the mideast it was his duty to fight the Muslims, and raided the coastal ports of the Asia Minor.

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That disaster, together with the previous raids, the war operations of Janus against Genoese, the epidemics and the invasion of locusts, caused the Cypriot serfs to revolt, as they suffered from living in conditions of utter poverty. The leader of the Cypriot revolutionaries was Alexis, whom they

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ruled as vice-king in Cyprus and faced many challenges. There was an epidemic in 1363 which resulted in the death of many Cypriots, including their sister Eschiva. The Turks heard that the people of Cyprus were dying and took advantage by raiding and pillaging the villages. During this time there

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According to European folklore the House of Lusignan was founded by the faerie Melusine. In the legend Melusine was exiled from Avalon and doomed to turn into a serpent from the waist down every Saturday. One day a prince, Raymondin of Poitou, came across her in the woods. He had just killed his

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Meanwhile, Janus was humiliated in Cairo: they took him, tied up with chains and riding a donkey, in front of the sultan. He was forced to kneel and worship nine times the soil on which the sultan stepped. Europeans mediated in the case, obtaining the release of Janus after collecting sufficient

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As king Janus tried to take back Famagusta, which was still held by the Genoese, but was thwarted by conspirators. In 1403, the governor of Genoa, de Mengre, had talks with Janus' representative Giorgio Billi which ended in an agreement by which the cities remained under Genoese hands. Later, he

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to present his case. Urban sided with Peter, but Hugh was given a high annual benefit as recompense. Peter also discussed another crusade with the pope, and then decided to visit the other kings and rulers of Europe to strengthen his army. He visited Germany, France, and England, where the famed

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became king at age 29, and unlike previous Lusignan monarchs he was content being just King of Cyprus, refusing his son Peter's requests to lead a crusade for Jerusalem. He instead preferred to focus on issues in his realm and was strict on justice. When Peter and his third son John journeyed to

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in July 1202, and took Hugh prisoner with 200 of his troops. King John's savage treatment of the captives caused outrage among his supporters, and his French barons began to desert him. The Lusignans' diplomatic rebellion resulted in the loss to England of half its territory in France, soon

948:. Throughout late 1183 and 1184 Baldwin IV tried to have his sister's marriage to Guy annulled, showing that Baldwin still held his sister with some favour. Baldwin IV had wanted a loyal brother-in-law, and was frustrated in Guy's hardheadedness and disobedience. Sibylla remained at 3084: 870:

said that he arrived on the advice of Aimery. Some modern historians believe that Guy was already well established in Jerusalem by 1180, but there is no supporting contemporary evidence. Aimery's success certainly facilitated the social and political advancement of Guy.

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murdered in 1310 by Simon of Montolif. After this King Oshin released Henry II. With the aid of the Hospitallers, Henry regained his throne. Those who had helped Amalric were arrested, including their brother Aimery, who was acting governor following Amalric's murder.

509:(circa 1412). Louis XIV fortified it and it was used as a prison, a school—and a handy quarry for building materials. It was leveled to the ground in the 18th century in order to create a park for local residents. Only its foundations remain today. According to 1511:, serving as ruler until 1253. Henry was married three times and had only one child, a son Hugh. The boy succeeded him upon his death in 1253, although he was only two months of age. Hugh died in 1267 at age 14, bringing an end to the first House of Lusignan. 2070:. The Armenian leadership largely accepted Catholicism, but the peasantry opposed the changes. Eventually, this led civil strife. Constantine was killed in an uprising in 1344, and the throne passed out of the Lusignan family to his distant cousin 2066:, was rumored to have poisoned the previous king, and killed Guy's mother and two brothers. Under his leadership, the Lusignans tried to impose Western Catholicism and the European way of life on the Armenian people, who had a state religion of the 1999:, which incapacitated him at times. Some of the nobles grew unhappy with his rule, and he had his brother, Guy, the Constable of Cyprus, executed for conspiring against him. Their brother Amalric, the Lord of Tyre, overthrew him with help from the 2273:

forced the Cypriot people to pay special taxes to assemble an army and siege machines, and he besieged Famagusta for three years but in vain, since there was access from the sea to the city. In 1406 the siege ended and the Genoese tried to occupy

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After their victory, the Mamluks pillaged Larnaca again and then Nicosia, the capital of Cyprus. The royal family retreated to fortified Kyrenia and were rescued. The invaders took a great deal of loot and captives before they left the island.

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expected attempt to seize power. Frederick succeeded in 1228 in forcing John of Ibelin to hand over the regency and the island of Cyprus. But, when Frederick left the island in April, John counter-attacked and regained control, which began the

1124:, King of France, who demanded John's presence — a tactical impossibility — and declared John a "contumacious vassal." As the Lusignan allies managed to detain both Arthur and Eleanor, John surprised their unprepared forces at the castle of 2140:, and other lords and princes. Among the issues discussed were Peter's crusade, peace treaties between the kings, and the succession for the Polish throne. While there Peter won a royal tournament, adding to his prestige. 2244:

was crowned King of Armenia. He was raised in Cyprus after having fled Constantine III, and while there he became a knight in the Order of the Sword, which was founded by King Peter I. In 1375, Armenia was invaded by the

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crowned Aimery as the first king of Cyprus. In 1197 Aimery married Isabella, which brought the crown of Jerusalem back to the Lusignans. One of Aimery's first actions as king was to make a five-year truce with the

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uncle in a hunting accident and was distraught. Melusine helped him with this, and he later returned seeking her out. He proposed marriage, and she agreed on the condition that she be left alone every Saturday.

2623: 1931:. An inscription in Arabic reads: "Made by the order of Hugh, favoured by God, the one at the vanguard of the elite troops of the Franks, Hugh of the Lusignans". Another inscription in French reads: 2240:

sought an alliance with the Sultan of Egypt, whom Peter had made an enemy. This angered the barons of Armenia, who feared annexation by the sultan, and in 1373 Constantine IV was murdered. In 1374,

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Guy and Sibylla were hastily married at Easter 1180, apparently preventing a coup by Raymond's faction to marry her to Baldwin of Ibelin, the father-in-law of Aimery. By this marriage, Guy became

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bed by three of his own knights. During his reign he was known as the epitome of chivalry, and was the greatest king of the Lusignan dynasty. He was succeeded by his 12-year-old son, Peter II.

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Besides the Cypriot branch, through the acts of the Count of Poitiers, Alphonse de Poitiers, by the 18th century the domains of Lusignans were divided among a number of other branches :

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and Leon was forced to surrender, putting an end to the last fully independent Armenian entity of the Middle Ages after three centuries of sovereignty. The title was claimed by his cousin,

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incorporated into his kingdom by Philip Augustus. (The other "half", Aquitaine, remained the possession of John's surviving mother Eleanor of Aquitaine). John died in 1216, leaving his son

1479:, daughter of Isabella and Henry of Champagne. They had three children. Henry, the youngest child and only son, became king in 1218 at eight months of age; Alice officially served as his 1195:(c. 1265–1324), succeeded to his father's estates, but he was not formally recognized as Earl of Pembroke until after the death of his mother Joan in 1307. He was appointed guardian of 835:. Hostile rumours alleged that Aimery was Agnes's lover, but this is questionable. It is more likely that his promotions were aimed at weaning him away from the political orbit of the 2605: 558:. Hugh was succeeded by his brother, Guy I, who died in 1308, making their sister Yolande Countess of La Marche. After Yolande's death, in 1314, King Philip annexed La Marche. 1156:

In 1247, Guilliame de Lusignan, a younger son of Hugh X and Isabella, moved from France to England along with two of his brothers at the request of their half-brother King

800:, then acting Duke of Aquitaine, which included the family lands of Lusignan near Poitiers. Aimery, named Amalric by outdated scholarship, married Eschiva, the daughter of 910:. Guy was a vassal of both King Henry and of his son Richard of Poitou (the future King Richard I) and had formerly been rebellious, so they wanted to keep him overseas. 1164:) and his brothers were quickly placed in positions of power by the king; William was married to Joan de Munchensi (d. 1307), a granddaughter and heiress to the great 2412:. John eventually forgave him, and appeared to be ready to name James as his successor, but died in 1458 before doing so. He was succeeded by his daughter Charlotte. 932:

Map of the Crusader States in 1165. At the height of their power, the Lusignans ruled the Kingdom of Jerusalem, the Principality of Antioch, and the County of Tripoli

944:, the Sultan of Egypt and Syria, during a two-year period of truce. More important to Baldwin IV's disillusionment with him was Guy's military hesitation during the 408:, western France, in the early 10th century. By the end of the 11th century, the family had risen to become the most prominent petty lords in the region from their 2446:

died at one year of age, bringing an end to the Lusignan kingdoms. However, the last member of the dynasty was Queen Charlotte, who died on 16 July 1487, in Rome.

2295:, sent military forces to Cyprus several times. A small force, around 1424, attacked Limassol, and in 1425 the Egyptian army attacked Famagusta and then pillaged 1965:, took the name Lusignan, thus founding the second House of Lusignan. He succeeded his deceased cousin as King of Cyprus. In 1268, following the execution of 2074:; he reigned as Constantine III. Constantine III attempted to kill his cousins, in an attempt to eliminate all potential claimants, but they fled to Cyprus. 1029:

in 1191, Sibylla and their two daughters died. Isabella succeeded to the throne as the queen of Jerusalem. Guy left for Limassol and met with Richard, now

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declared as king in Lefkoniko. The revolution was widespread supported by much of the population, who elected their own leaders in many places of Cyprus.

1969:, he was crowned King of Jerusalem. Hugh was frustrated by dealing with the different factions of Jerusalem nobles, and in 1276 he left for Cyprus. Saint 2318:

launched a large-scale attack against the island. Led by Tangriver Mohamed and Inal el Kakimi, their army contained over 3,000 men and included Mamliks,

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and styled her Princess of Lusignan of Cyprus, of Jerusalem and of Armenia. He took the name Guy de Lusignan and title of Prince. They started selling

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In 1284 his son John succeeded him as king of Cyprus and Jerusalem, but died one year later. John is believed to have been poisoned by his brother,

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very distraught about her death, the body of the dead queen was moved out of the palace where her funeral was, in order to not be seen by Janus.

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and the native Cypriots. Peter was in Genoa at the time and negotiated peace. He failed to gain the support of the major rulers but set off on a

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traded English claims for their support of her son. To secure his position in La Marche, the widowed Hugh arranged a betrothal with the heiress

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was concerned that her political rivals, headed by Raymond of Tripoli, intended to exercise more control by forcing her daughter, the widowed

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Two of the Lusignan domains in France were erected into feudal Marquisates in 1618 and 1722 by Kings Louis XIII and Louis XV respectively.

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Dictionnaire des Titres et des terres titrées en France sous l'ancien régime», Eric Thiou, Éditions Mémoire et Documents, Versailles, 2003

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betrayed him by executing the captured Gaveston, Aymer de Valence left the allied lords and joined the King. Valence was present at the

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When Peter returned to Cyprus he was in risk of losing his throne. Hugh, his nephew who had previously been the heir apparent, went to

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The Manuscript Torino J.II.9: A Late Medieval Perspective on Musical Life and Culture at the Court of the Lusignan Kings at Nicosia

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Not revived by the self-styled prince, but reputed to have been awarded by the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia in the twelfth century.

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ransomed him and made him Lord of Madrid. He died in Paris in 1393 after trying and failing to gather support for another crusade.

2253:, uniting it with the titles of Cyprus and Jerusalem. Leon and his family were held captive in Cairo for several years, until King 1507:. Henry assumed control of the kingdom when he came of age at 15, in 1232. He became regent of Jerusalem, in 1246, for the infant 1181: 1161: 1145: 2768: 1484: 1208: 1192: 2648: 722: 3783: 2423:. Their combined forces recaptured Famagusta for the Lusignans, and their blockade forced Charlotte to stay in the castle of 1165: 1106:. However John obtained her hand first, and married her in August 1200, thus depriving Hugh of La Marche and his brother of 506: 488: 4389: 4369: 3711: 3423: 1367: 622:(died 1110), who inherited by collateral succession the County of La Marche (1091) as a descendant of Almodis of La Marche. 2656: 3090:

The civil war between James II (called "Zacco") and Charlotte of Cyprus forms the historical background to the events of

1277: 1069: 3399: 2011:. Amalric repaired relationships with Venice, Genoa, and the Knights Hospitallers, and became popular among the people. 4374: 3190: 1852: 3358: 2415:

Charlotte's reign was troubled and brief. She succeeded in building an alliance with the Genoese, via her marriage to

3060: 2442:. In 1472 Catherine arrived in Cyprus, and James died several months later under suspicious circumstances. Their son 2382: 344: 2676: 4359: 3828: 3776: 2071: 1903: 1499: 1073: 1935:("Very high and powerful king Hugh of Jerusalem and Cyprus, may God maintain him"). 14th century, Egypt or Syria. 1172:, giving him great wealth and power in his new land. As a result he was unpopular and was heavily involved in the 4289: 4284: 3998: 3704: 3363:. ANS Numismatic Notes and Monographs. Vol. 66. New York: American Numismatic Society. pp. 2–3, 20–31. 3258: 2416: 2059: 2050:

on his throne. "Les chevaliers de Saint-Jean-de-Jerusalem rétablissant la religion en Arménie", 1844 painting by

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After another six-year truce with the Muslims, Aimery and most of the royal family died. His only surviving son,

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After the fall of Armenian Cilicia, Lusignan-controlled Cyprus was the only Christian state in the Middle East.

2129: 2003:. The revolt was quick and non-violent. Amalric became regent of Cyprus and Jerusalem, and Henry was exiled to 1657: 2062:, was elected as King of Armenia and took the name Constantine II. He was initially reluctant as the regent, 2632:, built at the end of the 12th century or the beginning of the 13th century to support the fortified town of 1822: 1592: 1582: 1412: 1216: 3942: 1878: 1780: 1207:

to power, his influence declined and he became prominent among the discontented nobles. In 1312, after the

1052: 3967: 2408:. James was made Archbishop of Nicosia at age 16, but was stripped of his title after murdering the Royal 673: 4266: 3680: 3649: 2571: 2339: 1896: 1767: 1672: 1567: 1527: 1397: 1314: 1224: 1140: 883: 824: 112: 3508: 4384: 4354: 3991: 3882: 3388: 2888: 2670: 2397: 1827: 1737: 1697: 1440: 1257: 914: 3813: 2662: 505:, was the principal seat of the Lusignans. It is shown at its height in the March illumination in the 2237: 2117: 2067: 2051: 2047: 1847: 1722: 1491: 1407: 1332: 1307: 770: 31: 3278:

Basmadjian, K. J. (Nov–Dec 1920). "Cilicia: Her Past and Future". The New Armenia 12 (11-12): 168–9.

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and also Denny Abbey, between Cambridge and Ely, where she spent her last days surrounded by nuns.

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While Peter was attempting to launch another crusade and gaining recognition, his brother Prince

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An ambitious man, Guy convinced King Baldwin IV to name him as regent in early 1182. But he and

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Purportedly founded in 1063 by Robert de Lusignan, surnamed "bras-de-fer", for knights on the

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in which Guy de Lusignan was captured by Saladin, and Jerusalem was lost. From a copy of the

789: 748: 716: 682: 653: 631: 541: 2419:, but it proved futile. Her half-brother James made an alliance with the sultanate of Egypt 2121: 1044:, who in turn sold it to Guy. Guy died in 1194, leaving Cyprus to his older brother Aimery. 902:

seemed the best prospect for such help and he owed the Pope a penitential pilgrimage to the

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in 1265, William continued to serve Henry III, and then Edward I, until his death in 1296.

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Notes and Queries: A Medium of Intercommunication for Literary Men, General Readers, Etc.

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for three years. In 1463 she and Louis fled Cyprus for Rome, where they were welcomed by

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and Agrinou. After Larnaca, they went to Limassol, which was also sacked, including the

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Upon his release, Guy and Sibylla sought refuge in Tyre, but were denied entry by rival

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Rippin, Ann (2007). "Space, place and the colonies: re-reading the Starbucks' story".

866:(c.1150-1194), arrived in Jerusalem at some unknown date before Easter 1180, although 4364: 4320: 4310: 4228: 4218: 4208: 4203: 4177: 4172: 4144: 4106: 4096: 4091: 4081: 3952: 3731: 3599: 3589: 3547: 3462: 3428: 3364: 3186: 2963: 2874: 2831: 2505: 2460:

Paul Sire, King Arthur's European Realm: New Evidence from Monmouth's Primary Sources

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features a female knight Hospitaller by the name of Louisa de Lusignan, played by

2934: 2719: 2629: 4315: 4223: 4197: 4101: 4045: 3947: 3752: 3669: 3659: 3125: 3091: 3027: 3008: 2997: 2508: 2501: 2292: 2000: 1933:"Très haut et puissant roi Hugues de Jherusalem et de Chipre que Dieu manteigne." 1886: 1807: 1802: 1752: 1640: 1349: 1220: 1095: 1057: 1041: 1030: 987: 972:

Unsuccessful in prying his sister and close heir away from Guy, the king and the

875: 863: 357: 68: 62: 51: 571: 554:

died in 1303. His sisters, Jeanne and Isabelle, sold the county of Angoulême to

3937: 3932: 3757: 3041: 2845: 2789: 2697: 2528: 2319: 2308: 2285:

Cyprus. Cypriot nobles and officials of the kingdom participated in the raids.

1989: 1970: 1762: 1652: 1379: 1374: 1354: 1339: 1246: 1204: 945: 219: 3458: 928: 4348: 3877: 3499:. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 130–131. 3484: 3466: 3368: 2993: 2866: 2564:, legendary fairy wife of Raymond de Forez, founder of the house of Lusignan. 2373: 1936: 1667: 1430: 907: 836: 774: 686: 3424:

Plantagenet Ancestry: A Study In Colonial And Medieval Families, 2nd Edition

2811: 2725: 2585: 2581: 2428: 2208: 2108: 1319: 1086:

de Lusignan ("Hugh the Swarthy"), like most of the lords of Poitou, backed

413: 54: 3768: 3331:

King Arthur's European Realm: New Evidence from Monmouth's Primary Sources

2908: 2894: 525: 3696: 3531: 3012: 2547: 2400:, would succeed him as ruler of Cyprus. He also had an illegitimate son, 1984:. In 1291 the last remnants of the Kingdom of Jerusalem were captured by 1597: 999: 362: 2926: 1475:, eldest daughter of Isabella and Conrad. Hugh married his step-sister, 1241: 740: 2300: 2169: 1006:

Guy's term as king is generally seen as a disaster; he was defeated by

440: 2519:

d'Alby de Gratigny. He became involved in a fake art scandal in 1910.

2030:, but without success. In 1307 Pope Clement, under pressure from king 3869: 3638: 3510:

Histoire de l'île de Chypre sous les princes de la maison de Lusignan

3031: 2977: 2774: 2304: 2161: 2043: 2027: 1682: 903: 793: 739:

after Guy's death. Yolande sold the fiefs of Lusignan, La Marche and

551: 452: 451:, which they inherited through marriage in the mid-14th century. The 3983: 1471:, became King of Cyprus in 1205. The kingdom of Jerusalem passed to 955: 3075: 3065: 2973: 2930: 2561: 2539: 2497: 2274: 2246: 1996: 1966: 1717: 1612: 1294: 1196: 1125: 1118: 1111: 1015: 949: 921:

of Jerusalem. Sibylla already had a son from her first marriage to

753: 514: 510: 502: 444: 436: 30:

This article is about the royal French family. For other uses, see

3080: 2976:, the mythological founder of the family, is used as the logo for 2330:(7 July 1426) against the Mamluks, King Janus was captured by the 3727: 3676: 3645: 3616: 3585: 3554: 2933:'s secret is discovered. "Die schöne Melusine", 1844 painting by 2880: 2633: 2484:

The principal branch retains Lusignan and the County of La Marche

2424: 2296: 2288: 2112: 2004: 1862: 1602: 1495: 1007: 991: 941: 466:

branch, until their line failed. This kingdom was annexed by the

412:. In the late 12th century, through marriages and inheritance, a 925:, and by Guy she had two daughters, Alice and Mary de Lusignan. 544:. These acquisitions produced complicated titles. For example, 3488: 3159: 3157: 3155: 2615: 2439: 2363: 2315: 2177: 2176:, and succeeded only in angering the Sultan. Peter moved on to 2023: 1627: 1622: 1607: 1480: 1034: 867: 677:

The lion rampant added to the original arms of Lusignan was an

463: 405: 374: 370: 369:

origin, which at various times ruled several principalities in

366: 133: 2500:

priest Kafta declared that his wife Marie was a descendant of

906:

on account of his responsibility for the murder of Archbishop

424:. In the early 13th century, the main branch succeeded to the 2817: 2516: 2511:. After the death of Guy/Kafta in 1905, Marie's lover became 2335: 2331: 2221: 2173: 1617: 828: 315: 3152: 2111:

in an attempt to be recognized as king. Peter journeyed to

2007:. There he was imprisoned by Amalric's brother-in-law King 1577: 3400:

NY Times, 24 April 1910, D´ Aulby Protege of Pseudo Prince

2260: 2096:

founded the Chivalric Order of the Sword, whose motto was

333: 2366:

from Cairo. He died in 1432 and was succeeded by his son

2334:

forces. He was ransomed after ten months of captivity in

1245:

Lusignan coat of arms Detail crests above the gateway to

1133:

as king. His widow Isabella of Angoulême finally married

330: 321: 3421:* Richardson, Douglas (2011). Kimball G. Everingham. In 2362:

on 12 May 1427, the same day that King Janus arrived in

2160:

were also conflicts between the Genose navies docked at

1098:

acceded to the throne of England in 1199. John's mother

455:

branch fled to France, and eventually Russia, after the

3185:(1 ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 441. 2570:

Purportedly founded in 1195 by Guy de Lusignan for the

1203:

to the throne and the consequent rise of his favourite

3098:

and the death of Zacco and its consequences figure in

1168:

and was granted custody of the lands and the title of

735:

Guy's sisters, Jeanne and Isabelle, sold Angoulême to

3435:. Google Book Search. Retrieved on November 12, 2014. 3215:

Vol. 10. Series 5. London: John Francis, 1878. p. 190

1018:

while Saladin reconquered almost the entire kingdom.

613: 520:

The lords of the castle at Lusignan became counts of

345: 336: 324: 318: 3291:, pp.35-36, December 2005, retrieved on 15 June 2009 668: 312: 548:was Hugh VI of La Marche and Hugh II of Angoulême. 309: 638:, the first King of Cyprus also King of Jerusalem 2558:Isabella of Ibelin, Queen of Cyprus and Jerusalem 2491: 1215:in 1314, and later helped King Edward defeat the 898:, was still a minor, Baldwin's first cousin King 644:(1191–1219), Count of Eu, second son of Hugh VIII 4346: 3411:Revived and Recently Created Orders of Chivalry 2077: 779: 3447:Critical Perspectives on International Business 2396:. They had two daughters, the eldest of which, 2299:together with the nearby area, including Kiti, 1117:The aggrieved Lusignans turned to their feudal 609:, the daughter of Count Bernard I of La Marche. 1184:. After the final defeat of the rebels at the 524:in the 12th century. They added the county of 4265: 3999: 3784: 3712: 3352: 3350: 2020:combined military operations with the Mongols 1904: 1448: 2168:with what men he had. He sacked the city of 3798: 3163: 2953:also claims shared ancestry from Melusine. 1517: 327: 4006: 3992: 3791: 3777: 3726: 3719: 3705: 3356: 3347: 3315:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 3123: 3078:symbolically as a female poet in her poem 2385:; she died in 1440. After this he married 1911: 1897: 1455: 1441: 807:Aimery had also obtained the patronage of 473: 3117: 2527:The self-styled Prince of the 1880s sold 2120:" took place. In 1363 Peter attended the 827:. Agnes appointed Aimery as Constable of 796:, having been expelled from his realm by 3483: 3453:(2). Emerald Group Publishing: 136–149. 2925: 2372: 2207: 2142: 2042: 1922: 1240: 1199:in 1306, but with the accession of King 1146:William de Valence, 1st Earl of Pembroke 1139: 982: 954: 927: 672: 570: 482: 4395:Noble families from the Crusader states 4155: 3518:Lectures on Medieval and Modern History 3147:The Advocate: America's Jewish Journal, 2567:Order of the Sword of Cyprus or Silence 2535:Order of Saint Catherine of Mount Sinai 2261:Kings of Jerusalem, Cyprus, and Armenia 1942: 952:, though perhaps not against her will. 14: 4347: 4026: 3444: 3300: 2592: 2438:in 1468 to establish an alliance with 2195:The Parliament of Cyprus decided that 2172:, but was prevented from moving on to 1961:, whose maternal grandfather had been 1485:John of Ibelin, the Old Lord of Beirut 1193:Aymer de Valence, 2nd Earl of Pembroke 1047: 1025:, the husband of Isabella. During the 507:Trés Riches Heures of the Duc de Berry 489:Les Très Riches Heures du duc de Berry 4264: 4142: 4025: 4013: 3987: 3772: 3700: 2956: 1490:Henry was crowned at the age of 8 at 1166:William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke 1137:in 1220, and bore him five children. 1033:. He joined the latter's conquest of 833:Constable of the Kingdom of Jerusalem 697:(died 1249), son of Hugh IX, married 443:, they soon had connections with the 356: 4380:Nobility of the Kingdom of Jerusalem 3178: 3064:(1802–1803), recounts the legend of 2614:in its heyday the largest castle in 1927:Basin attributed to a commission by 976:altered the succession. They placed 566: 27:French noble family, 10th century on 4143: 3333:. 2014, McFarland p. 182 0786478012 2852: 2434:James was crowned king and married 2338:. During his captivity his brother 2038: 747:in 1308. They became a part of the 634:(died 1165), whose younger son was 513:, the earliest castle was built by 24: 3477: 3259:"Site officiel du musée du Louvre" 3149:Volume 44. 21 December 1921 p. 628 3124:Basmadjian, K. J. (Nov–Dec 1920). 2522: 2203: 1546: 1230: 857: 614:Counts of La Marche / Counts of Eu 416:of the family came to control the 25: 4406: 3061:Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border 2478:Lusignan-Jarnac (the Counts d'Eu) 2383:Amadea Palaiologina of Monferrato 1160:. Guillaume (known in English as 760: 669:Counts of La Marche and Angoulême 3079: 2901: 2887: 2873: 2859: 2838: 2824: 2810: 2796: 2782: 2767: 2746: 2732: 2718: 2704: 2690: 2669: 2655: 2641: 2622: 2604: 2577:Order of Saint Blaise of Armenia 2236:After the death of his kinsman, 1500:Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor 1424: 1276: 1191:William's eldest surviving son, 788:(c.1145-1205) (a younger son of 701:, thus securing Angoulême (1220) 528:to their holdings in 1220, when 493:, March: the Château de Lusignan 305: 103: 92: 80: 61: 3438: 3415: 3404: 3393: 3382: 3357:Gillingham, Harrold E. (1935). 3336: 3323: 3294: 3281: 2992:and capture of Jerusalem, with 2916: 2556:Purportedly founded in 1186 by 2417:Louis of Savoy, Count of Geneva 2228:and a new one was built in the 2216:, last king of Armenia, in the 2014:In 1300, the Lusignans, led by 1858:Republic of Mountainous Armenia 1070:Normandy campaigns of 1200–1204 1014:in 1187, and was imprisoned in 3272: 3251: 3242: 3218: 3206: 3172: 3140: 3126:"Cilicia: Her Past and Future" 2130:Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor 2128:of Poland. In attendance were 13: 1: 3166:Badmoutioun Hayots, Volume II 3110: 3102:volumes three and six in her 2649:Château of Saint Jean d'Angle 2078:Golden Age of Lusignan Cyprus 1063: 874:Older accounts, derived from 804:, and entered court circles. 780:Aimery at the Jerusalem court 575:Arms of the lords of Lusignan 3164:Kurdoghlian, Mihran (1996). 2683: 1074:Anglo-French War (1202–1214) 1053:Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor 561: 377:, including the kingdoms of 245: 42: 7: 4390:Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia 4370:Former monarchies of Europe 3681:Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia 3650:Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia 3182:A History of Cyprus, Vol. 2 2921: 2677:Château de La Rochefoucauld 2572:Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia 2544:Saint Catherine's Monastery 2323:relations with the sultan. 2314:In the summer of 1426, the 2224:. It was desecrated in the 1673:Christianization of Armenia 1225:Pembroke College, Cambridge 1082:Meanwhile, in France, Hugh 1040:Richard sold Cyprus to the 839:, who were associated with 825:county of Jaffa and Ascalon 462:The claim was taken by the 459:conquest of their kingdom. 113:Kingdom of Cilician Armenia 10: 4411: 3085:The Fairy of the Fountains 3068:, a supernatural creature. 2081: 1946: 1738:Kingdom of Tashir-Dzoraget 1698:Muslim conquest of Armenia 1234: 1180:against the rebels led by 1176:, supporting the King and 1094:when the latter's brother 1067: 996:Saladin en Guy de Lusignan 915:Count of Jaffa and Ascalon 862:Aimery’s younger brother, 764: 478: 470:in the late 15th century. 215:(1186–1192; still titular) 29: 4375:Former monarchies of Asia 4303: 4277: 4273: 4267:Kings of Armenian Cilicia 4260: 4151: 4138: 4059: 4038: 4034: 4021: 3867: 3806: 3738: 3687: 3674: 3666: 3656: 3643: 3635: 3627: 3614: 3606: 3596: 3583: 3575: 3565: 3552: 3544: 3528: 3459:10.1108/17422040710744944 2760: 2597: 2449: 2346:, took charge of Cyprus. 2267:son of James I and Helvis 2118:Banquet of the Five Kings 2068:Armenian Apostolic Church 2048:Constantin III of Armenia 1995:King Henry suffered from 1848:First Republic of Armenia 1723:Principality of Hamamshen 1593:Lchashen–Metsamor culture 1583:Trialeti–Vanadzor culture 845:King Amalric of Jerusalem 771:Siege of Jerusalem (1187) 605:(died 1060), who married 400:The family originated in 271: 255: 241: 229:King of Armenia (Cilicia) 176: 166: 158: 148: 140: 129: 118: 75: 60: 50: 39: 32:Lusignan (disambiguation) 3072:Letitia Elizabeth Landon 2100:the motto of his house. 2058:In 1342, Amalric's son, 1518:Second House of Lusignan 811:(the divorced mother of 792:(died 1165)) arrived in 664:(died 1219), Count of Eu 656:(1246–1260), Count of Eu 650:(1219–1246), Count of Eu 4360:Medieval royal families 3800:European royal families 3520:(3rd ed., Oxford, 1900) 3496:Encyclopædia Britannica 3427:. CreateSpace. p. 679. 3305:. Florence. p. 79. 3287:Andrée Giselle Simard, 3048:, was written for King 3044:'s political treatise, 3030:is a main character in 2389:, the granddaughter of 1758:Principality of Khachen 1623:Urartu (Kingdom of Van) 1568:Shulaveri–Shomu culture 1551:Coat of Arms of Armenia 878:and Ernoul, claim that 474:First House of Lusignan 3005:Saladin the Victorious 2938: 2911:"Castle of the Snakes" 2463: 2378: 2233: 2152: 2138:Valdemar IV of Denmark 2055: 1953:Franco-Mongol alliance 1949:Fall of Tripoli (1289) 1939: 1552: 1249: 1153: 1090:as the better heir to 1003: 969: 933: 841:Raymond III of Tripoli 690: 679:augmentation of honour 576: 494: 247:Pour Loyauté Maintenir 3610:House of Hohenstaufen 3360:Ephemeral Decorations 3226:"Yolanda of Lusignan" 3179:Hill, George (2010). 3007:by Egyptian director 2929: 2804:Saint Hilarion Castle 2542:making pilgrimage to 2453: 2394:Manuel II Palaeologus 2391:Eastern Roman Emperor 2376: 2344:Archbishop of Nicosia 2277:, but were defeated. 2230:Basilique Saint-Denis 2218:Couvent des Célestins 2211: 2147:The assassination of 2146: 2098:Pour Lealte Maintenir 2046: 2016:Amalric, Lord of Tyre 1926: 1733:Kingdom of Vaspurakan 1550: 1244: 1213:Battle of Bannockburn 1143: 1104:Isabella of Angoulême 1092:Richard the Lionheart 986: 958: 931: 923:William of Montferrat 798:Richard the Lionheart 699:Isabelle of Angoulême 683:Richard the Lionheart 676: 574: 542:John, King of England 534:Isabella of Angoulême 486: 426:Counties of La Marche 418:kingdoms of Jerusalem 3621:Kingdom of Jerusalem 3579:House of Plantagenet 3559:Kingdom of Jerusalem 3261:. Cartelfr.louvre.fr 2968:The Canterbury Tales 2951:House of Plantagenet 2663:Château de Parthenay 2492:"Prince" de Lusignan 2328:Battle of Chirokitia 1943:Fall of the Templars 1863:Contemporary Armenia 1509:Conrad IV of Germany 1100:Eleanor of Aquitaine 1023:Conrad of Montferrat 938:Raynald of Châtillon 749:French royal demesne 607:Almodis of La Marche 583:(early 10th century) 536:, daughter of Count 100:Kingdom of Jerusalem 3505:Louis de Mas Latrie 3303:I Lusignan di Cipro 3301:Fileti, F. (2000). 2712:Krak des Chevaliers 2612:Château de Lusignan 2593:Castles and palaces 2515:and called himself 2444:James III of Cyprus 2387:Helena Palaiologina 2089:Hugh IV de Lusignan 2084:Alexandrian Crusade 2032:Philip IV of France 1868:Republic of Artsakh 1618:Nairi Confederation 1573:Kura–Araxes culture 1505:War of the Lombards 1473:Maria of Montferrat 1237:War of the Lombards 1048:Aimery becomes king 998:, 1625 painting by 965:Passages d’outremer 900:Henry II of England 745:Philip IV of France 737:Philip IV of France 556:Philip IV of France 546:Hugh XI of Lusignan 499:Château de Lusignan 260:Château de Lusignan 251:(To retain loyalty) 188:(10th century–1308) 4200:Regent and usurper 4028:Kings of Jerusalem 3569:House of Aleramici 3538:House of Lusignan 3513:(Paris, 1852-1853) 3389:Order of Melusine 3100:To Lie With Lions, 3096:Race of Scorpions, 3050:Hugh III of Cyprus 3036:Giovanni Boccaccio 3018:La reine de Chypre 2957:In popular culture 2939: 2496:In 1880, a former 2406:Marietta de Patras 2404:, by his mistress 2379: 2242:Leon V de Lusignan 2234: 2153: 2134:Louis I of Hungary 2122:Congress of Kraków 2056: 1940: 1768:Kingdom of Cilicia 1748:Kingdom of Artsakh 1728:Kingdom of Armenia 1718:Emirate of Armenia 1678:Kingdom of Sophene 1658:Kingdom of Armenia 1648:Satrapy of Armenia 1553: 1477:Alice of Champagne 1250: 1174:Second Barons' War 1162:William de Valence 1154: 1135:Hugh X of Lusignan 1088:Arthur of Brittany 1078:Second Barons' War 1004: 970: 934: 880:Agnes of Courtenay 809:Agnes of Courtenay 786:Aimery of Lusignan 691: 636:Aimery of Lusignan 577: 538:Aymer of Angoulême 530:Hugh X of Lusignan 517:, a water-spirit. 495: 468:Republic of Venice 449:Kingdom of Cilicia 410:castle at Lusignan 202:Count of Angoulême 193:Count of La Marche 153:Hugh I of Lusignan 44:Maison de Lusignan 4385:Kingdom of Cyprus 4355:House of Lusignan 4342: 4341: 4338: 4337: 4334: 4333: 4256: 4255: 4252: 4251: 4134: 4133: 4130: 4129: 4015:House of Lusignan 3981: 3980: 3766: 3765: 3695: 3694: 3688:Succeeded by 3657:Succeeded by 3628:Succeeded by 3600:Venetian Republic 3597:Succeeded by 3590:Kingdom of Cyprus 3566:Succeeded by 3092:Dorothy Dunnett's 2985:Kingdom of Heaven 2964:Peter I of Cyprus 2832:Buffavento Castle 2584:was the family's 2553:Order of Mélusine 2436:Catherine Cornaro 2255:John I of Castile 2251:James I of Cyprus 2226:French Revolution 2197:James I of Cyprus 2126:Casimir the Great 2124:, hosted by King 2094:Peter de Lusignan 1929:Hugh IV of Cyprus 1921: 1920: 1828:National movement 1818:Armenian genocide 1813:Armenian question 1743:Kingdom of Syunik 1688:Byzantine Armenia 1465: 1464: 1431:Cyprus portal 1345:Kingdom of Cyprus 1315:Ten city-kingdoms 1221:Mary de Châtillon 1217:Earl of Lancaster 1186:Battle of Evesham 1182:Simon de Montfort 1144:Coat of arms of 821:Reginald of Sidon 802:Baldwin of Ibelin 567:Lords of Lusignan 358:[lyziɲɑ̃] 301:House of Lusignan 297: 296: 211:King of Jerusalem 122:From the city of 109:Kingdom of Cyprus 88:Kingdom of France 40:House of Lusignan 16:(Redirected from 4402: 4275: 4274: 4262: 4261: 4153: 4152: 4140: 4139: 4036: 4035: 4023: 4022: 4008: 4001: 3994: 3985: 3984: 3793: 3786: 3779: 3770: 3769: 3721: 3714: 3707: 3698: 3697: 3667:Preceded by 3636:Preceded by 3607:Preceded by 3576:Preceded by 3545:Preceded by 3526: 3525: 3500: 3492: 3490:"Lusignan" 3471: 3470: 3442: 3436: 3419: 3413: 3408: 3402: 3397: 3391: 3386: 3380: 3379: 3377: 3375: 3354: 3345: 3340: 3334: 3327: 3321: 3320: 3314: 3306: 3298: 3292: 3285: 3279: 3276: 3270: 3269: 3267: 3266: 3255: 3249: 3248:Runciman, p. 180 3246: 3240: 3239: 3238: 3237: 3222: 3216: 3210: 3204: 3203: 3201: 3199: 3176: 3170: 3169: 3161: 3150: 3144: 3138: 3137: 3121: 3104:House of Niccolo 3083: 3056:Sir Walter Scott 3022:Fromental Halévy 3020:, 1841 opera by 2990:Battle of Hattin 2966:is mentioned in 2905: 2891: 2877: 2863: 2853:Armenian Cilicia 2842: 2828: 2814: 2800: 2786: 2771: 2750: 2740:Sidon Sea Castle 2736: 2722: 2708: 2694: 2673: 2659: 2645: 2626: 2608: 2509:chivalric orders 2472:Lusignan-Vouvant 2461: 2421:Sayf ad-Din Inal 2340:Hugh of Lusignan 2064:Oshin of Corycos 2039:Kings of Armenia 1992:for assistance. 1986:Al-Ashraf Khalil 1963:Hugh I of Cyprus 1913: 1906: 1899: 1781:Early modern age 1693:Sasanian Armenia 1540: 1522: 1521: 1457: 1450: 1443: 1429: 1428: 1427: 1392:History by topic 1280: 1270: 1252: 1251: 1170:Earl of Pembroke 1012:Battle of Hattin 960:Battle of Hattin 888:heir presumptive 843:, the cousin of 823:), who held the 819:and the wife of 767:Battle of Hattin 360: 355: 348: 343: 342: 339: 338: 335: 332: 329: 326: 323: 320: 317: 314: 311: 292: 290: 282: 280: 262:(ancestral seat) 234: 225: 216: 207: 198: 189: 184:Lord of Lusignan 124:Lusignan, Vienne 107: 98: 96: 95: 86: 84: 83: 67:Royal banner of 65: 37: 36: 21: 4410: 4409: 4405: 4404: 4403: 4401: 4400: 4399: 4345: 4344: 4343: 4330: 4299: 4269: 4248: 4147: 4145:Kings of Cyprus 4126: 4055: 4030: 4017: 4012: 3982: 3977: 3883:Austria-Hungary 3863: 3802: 3797: 3767: 3762: 3734: 3725: 3691: 3684: 3672: 3670:House of Neghir 3662: 3660:House of Neghir 3653: 3641: 3631: 3624: 3612: 3602: 3593: 3581: 3571: 3562: 3550: 3540: 3535: 3480: 3478:Further reading 3475: 3474: 3443: 3439: 3420: 3416: 3409: 3405: 3398: 3394: 3387: 3383: 3373: 3371: 3355: 3348: 3341: 3337: 3328: 3324: 3308: 3307: 3299: 3295: 3286: 3282: 3277: 3273: 3264: 3262: 3257: 3256: 3252: 3247: 3243: 3235: 3233: 3224: 3223: 3219: 3211: 3207: 3197: 3195: 3193: 3177: 3173: 3162: 3153: 3145: 3141: 3136:(11–12): 168–9. 3130:The New Armenia 3122: 3118: 3113: 3028:Guy de Lusignan 3009:Youssef Chahine 2998:Guy de Lusignan 2988:centers on the 2959: 2924: 2919: 2912: 2906: 2897: 2892: 2883: 2878: 2869: 2864: 2855: 2848: 2843: 2834: 2829: 2820: 2815: 2806: 2801: 2792: 2787: 2778: 2772: 2763: 2756: 2754:Beaufort Castle 2751: 2742: 2737: 2728: 2723: 2714: 2709: 2700: 2695: 2686: 2679: 2674: 2665: 2660: 2651: 2646: 2637: 2627: 2618: 2609: 2600: 2595: 2529:dynastic orders 2525: 2523:Dynastic orders 2502:Guy de Lusignan 2494: 2475:Lusignan-Cognac 2462: 2459: 2452: 2293:Sultan of Egypt 2263: 2206: 2204:Fall of Armenia 2086: 2080: 2060:Guy de Lusignan 2052:Henri Delaborde 2041: 2001:Knights Templar 1959:Hugh of Antioch 1957:At that point, 1955: 1945: 1917: 1873: 1872: 1853:Armenian S.S.R. 1843: 1833: 1832: 1823:Western Armenia 1808:Armenian Oblast 1803:Russian Armenia 1798:Ottoman Armenia 1788:Iranian Armenia 1783: 1773: 1772: 1753:Zakarid Armenia 1713: 1703: 1702: 1663:Armenian Empire 1643: 1633: 1632: 1563: 1538: 1531: 1520: 1514: 1461: 1425: 1423: 1418: 1417: 1408:Ancient pottery 1393: 1385: 1384: 1370: 1360: 1359: 1350:Venetian Cyprus 1340:Theme of Cyprus 1335: 1325: 1324: 1310: 1300: 1299: 1290: 1268: 1261: 1239: 1233: 1231:Kings of Cyprus 1209:Earl of Warwick 1122:Philip Augustus 1080: 1068:Main articles: 1066: 1050: 1042:Knight Templars 1031:king of England 988:Guy de Lusignan 892:King Baldwin IV 876:William of Tyre 864:Guy of Lusignan 860: 858:Guy of Lusignan 831:, and later as 813:King Baldwin IV 782: 777: 765:Main articles: 763: 671: 616: 569: 564: 481: 476: 353: 346: 308: 304: 293:(cognatic line) 288: 286: 284: 278: 276: 263: 250: 249: 237: 232: 231: 223: 222: 214: 213: 205: 204: 196: 195: 187: 186: 130:Place of origin 111: 102: 93: 91: 90: 81: 79: 71: 69:Janus of Cyprus 46: 41: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4408: 4398: 4397: 4392: 4387: 4382: 4377: 4372: 4367: 4362: 4357: 4340: 4339: 4336: 4335: 4332: 4331: 4329: 4328: 4323: 4318: 4313: 4307: 4305: 4301: 4300: 4298: 4297: 4292: 4290:Constantine IV 4287: 4285:Constantine II 4281: 4279: 4271: 4270: 4258: 4257: 4254: 4253: 4250: 4249: 4247: 4246: 4241: 4236: 4231: 4226: 4221: 4216: 4211: 4206: 4201: 4195: 4190: 4185: 4180: 4175: 4170: 4165: 4159: 4157: 4149: 4148: 4136: 4135: 4132: 4131: 4128: 4127: 4125: 4124: 4119: 4114: 4109: 4104: 4099: 4094: 4089: 4084: 4079: 4074: 4069: 4063: 4061: 4057: 4056: 4054: 4053: 4048: 4042: 4040: 4032: 4031: 4019: 4018: 4011: 4010: 4003: 3996: 3988: 3979: 3978: 3976: 3975: 3970: 3965: 3960: 3955: 3950: 3945: 3940: 3935: 3930: 3925: 3920: 3915: 3910: 3909: 3908: 3903: 3898: 3890: 3885: 3880: 3874: 3872: 3865: 3864: 3862: 3861: 3859:United Kingdom 3856: 3851: 3846: 3841: 3836: 3831: 3826: 3821: 3816: 3810: 3808: 3804: 3803: 3796: 3795: 3788: 3781: 3773: 3764: 3763: 3761: 3760: 3755: 3750: 3745: 3739: 3736: 3735: 3724: 3723: 3716: 3709: 3701: 3693: 3692: 3689: 3686: 3673: 3668: 3664: 3663: 3658: 3655: 3642: 3637: 3633: 3632: 3629: 3626: 3613: 3608: 3604: 3603: 3598: 3595: 3582: 3577: 3573: 3572: 3567: 3564: 3551: 3548:House of Anjou 3546: 3542: 3541: 3536: 3529: 3524: 3523: 3522: 3521: 3514: 3487:, ed. (1911). 3485:Chisholm, Hugh 3479: 3476: 3473: 3472: 3437: 3414: 3403: 3392: 3381: 3346: 3335: 3322: 3293: 3280: 3271: 3250: 3241: 3217: 3205: 3192:978-1108020633 3191: 3171: 3151: 3139: 3115: 3114: 3112: 3109: 3108: 3107: 3088: 3069: 3053: 3042:Thomas Aquinas 3039: 3025: 3015: 3001: 2981: 2971: 2958: 2955: 2923: 2920: 2918: 2915: 2914: 2913: 2907: 2900: 2898: 2893: 2886: 2884: 2879: 2872: 2870: 2865: 2858: 2854: 2851: 2850: 2849: 2846:Kantara Castle 2844: 2837: 2835: 2830: 2823: 2821: 2816: 2809: 2807: 2802: 2795: 2793: 2790:Kyrenia Castle 2788: 2781: 2779: 2773: 2766: 2762: 2759: 2758: 2757: 2752: 2745: 2743: 2738: 2731: 2729: 2724: 2717: 2715: 2710: 2703: 2701: 2698:Tower of David 2696: 2689: 2685: 2682: 2681: 2680: 2675: 2668: 2666: 2661: 2654: 2652: 2647: 2640: 2638: 2628: 2621: 2619: 2610: 2603: 2599: 2596: 2594: 2591: 2590: 2589: 2578: 2575: 2568: 2565: 2560:. Named after 2554: 2551: 2536: 2524: 2521: 2493: 2490: 2486: 2485: 2482: 2481:Lusignan-Sidon 2479: 2476: 2473: 2470: 2469:Lusignan-Lezay 2457: 2451: 2448: 2326:Following the 2262: 2259: 2238:Constantine IV 2205: 2202: 2082:Main article: 2079: 2076: 2040: 2037: 2026:to retake the 1990:Pope Clement V 1971:Thomas Aquinas 1944: 1941: 1919: 1918: 1916: 1915: 1908: 1901: 1893: 1890: 1889: 1875: 1874: 1871: 1870: 1865: 1860: 1855: 1850: 1844: 1839: 1838: 1835: 1834: 1831: 1830: 1825: 1820: 1815: 1810: 1805: 1800: 1795: 1793:Five Melikdoms 1790: 1784: 1779: 1778: 1775: 1774: 1771: 1770: 1765: 1763:Mongol Armenia 1760: 1755: 1750: 1745: 1740: 1735: 1730: 1725: 1720: 1714: 1709: 1708: 1705: 1704: 1701: 1700: 1695: 1690: 1685: 1680: 1675: 1670: 1665: 1660: 1655: 1650: 1644: 1639: 1638: 1635: 1634: 1631: 1630: 1625: 1620: 1615: 1610: 1605: 1600: 1595: 1590: 1585: 1580: 1578:Legend of Hayk 1575: 1570: 1564: 1559: 1558: 1555: 1554: 1543: 1542: 1533: 1532: 1525: 1519: 1516: 1463: 1462: 1460: 1459: 1452: 1445: 1437: 1434: 1433: 1420: 1419: 1416: 1415: 1410: 1405: 1400: 1394: 1391: 1390: 1387: 1386: 1383: 1382: 1380:Cyprus problem 1377: 1375:British Cyprus 1371: 1366: 1365: 1362: 1361: 1358: 1357: 1355:Ottoman Cyprus 1352: 1347: 1342: 1336: 1331: 1330: 1327: 1326: 1323: 1322: 1317: 1311: 1306: 1305: 1302: 1301: 1298: 1297: 1291: 1286: 1285: 1282: 1281: 1273: 1272: 1263: 1262: 1255: 1247:Kyrenia Castle 1235:Main article: 1232: 1229: 1205:Piers Gaveston 1065: 1062: 1049: 1046: 946:Siege of Kerak 859: 856: 784:In the 1170s, 781: 778: 762: 761:Crusader kings 759: 757:of the crown. 733: 732: 726: 720: 714: 708: 702: 670: 667: 666: 665: 659: 658: 657: 651: 645: 629: 623: 615: 612: 611: 610: 600: 595: 590: 584: 568: 565: 563: 560: 480: 477: 475: 472: 447:rulers of the 295: 294: 283:(agnatic line) 273: 269: 268: 267:(Cypriot seat) 257: 253: 252: 243: 239: 238: 236: 235: 226: 220:King of Cyprus 217: 208: 199: 190: 180: 178: 174: 173: 168: 164: 163: 160: 156: 155: 150: 146: 145: 142: 138: 137: 131: 127: 126: 120: 116: 115: 77: 73: 72: 66: 58: 57: 48: 47: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4407: 4396: 4393: 4391: 4388: 4386: 4383: 4381: 4378: 4376: 4373: 4371: 4368: 4366: 4363: 4361: 4358: 4356: 4353: 4352: 4350: 4327: 4324: 4322: 4319: 4317: 4314: 4312: 4309: 4308: 4306: 4302: 4296: 4293: 4291: 4288: 4286: 4283: 4282: 4280: 4276: 4272: 4268: 4263: 4259: 4245: 4242: 4240: 4237: 4235: 4232: 4230: 4227: 4225: 4222: 4220: 4217: 4215: 4212: 4210: 4207: 4205: 4202: 4199: 4196: 4194: 4191: 4189: 4186: 4184: 4181: 4179: 4176: 4174: 4171: 4169: 4166: 4164: 4161: 4160: 4158: 4154: 4150: 4146: 4141: 4137: 4123: 4120: 4118: 4115: 4113: 4110: 4108: 4105: 4103: 4100: 4098: 4095: 4093: 4090: 4088: 4085: 4083: 4080: 4078: 4075: 4073: 4070: 4068: 4065: 4064: 4062: 4058: 4052: 4049: 4047: 4044: 4043: 4041: 4037: 4033: 4029: 4024: 4020: 4016: 4009: 4004: 4002: 3997: 3995: 3990: 3989: 3986: 3974: 3971: 3969: 3966: 3964: 3961: 3959: 3956: 3954: 3951: 3949: 3946: 3944: 3941: 3939: 3936: 3934: 3931: 3929: 3926: 3924: 3921: 3919: 3916: 3914: 3911: 3907: 3904: 3902: 3899: 3897: 3894: 3893: 3891: 3889: 3886: 3884: 3881: 3879: 3876: 3875: 3873: 3871: 3868:Non-reigning 3866: 3860: 3857: 3855: 3852: 3850: 3847: 3845: 3842: 3840: 3837: 3835: 3832: 3830: 3827: 3825: 3824:Liechtenstein 3822: 3820: 3817: 3815: 3812: 3811: 3809: 3805: 3801: 3794: 3789: 3787: 3782: 3780: 3775: 3774: 3771: 3759: 3756: 3754: 3751: 3749: 3746: 3744: 3741: 3740: 3737: 3733: 3729: 3722: 3717: 3715: 3710: 3708: 3703: 3702: 3699: 3683: 3682: 3678: 3671: 3665: 3661: 3652: 3651: 3647: 3640: 3634: 3623: 3622: 3618: 3611: 3605: 3601: 3592: 3591: 3587: 3580: 3574: 3570: 3561: 3560: 3556: 3549: 3543: 3539: 3534: 3533: 3527: 3519: 3515: 3512: 3511: 3506: 3503: 3502: 3498: 3497: 3491: 3486: 3482: 3481: 3468: 3464: 3460: 3456: 3452: 3448: 3441: 3434: 3430: 3426: 3425: 3418: 3412: 3407: 3401: 3396: 3390: 3385: 3370: 3366: 3362: 3361: 3353: 3351: 3344: 3339: 3332: 3326: 3318: 3312: 3304: 3297: 3290: 3284: 3275: 3260: 3254: 3245: 3231: 3227: 3221: 3214: 3209: 3194: 3188: 3184: 3183: 3175: 3167: 3160: 3158: 3156: 3148: 3143: 3135: 3131: 3127: 3120: 3116: 3105: 3101: 3097: 3093: 3089: 3086: 3082: 3077: 3073: 3070: 3067: 3063: 3062: 3057: 3054: 3051: 3047: 3043: 3040: 3037: 3033: 3029: 3026: 3023: 3019: 3016: 3014: 3010: 3006: 3002: 2999: 2995: 2994:Marton Csokas 2991: 2987: 2986: 2982: 2979: 2975: 2972: 2969: 2965: 2961: 2960: 2954: 2952: 2947: 2943: 2936: 2935:Julius Hübner 2932: 2928: 2910: 2904: 2899: 2896: 2890: 2885: 2882: 2876: 2871: 2868: 2867:Mamure Castle 2862: 2857: 2856: 2847: 2841: 2836: 2833: 2827: 2822: 2819: 2813: 2808: 2805: 2799: 2794: 2791: 2785: 2780: 2776: 2770: 2765: 2764: 2755: 2749: 2744: 2741: 2735: 2730: 2727: 2721: 2716: 2713: 2707: 2702: 2699: 2693: 2688: 2687: 2678: 2672: 2667: 2664: 2658: 2653: 2650: 2644: 2639: 2635: 2631: 2630:Tour Mélusine 2625: 2620: 2617: 2613: 2607: 2602: 2601: 2587: 2583: 2579: 2576: 2573: 2569: 2566: 2563: 2559: 2555: 2552: 2549: 2545: 2541: 2537: 2534: 2533: 2532: 2530: 2520: 2518: 2514: 2510: 2507: 2503: 2499: 2489: 2483: 2480: 2477: 2474: 2471: 2468: 2467: 2466: 2456: 2447: 2445: 2441: 2437: 2432: 2430: 2426: 2422: 2418: 2413: 2411: 2407: 2403: 2399: 2395: 2392: 2388: 2384: 2381:John married 2375: 2371: 2369: 2365: 2359: 2355: 2351: 2347: 2345: 2341: 2337: 2333: 2329: 2324: 2321: 2317: 2312: 2310: 2309:city's castle 2306: 2302: 2298: 2294: 2290: 2286: 2282: 2278: 2276: 2270: 2268: 2258: 2256: 2252: 2248: 2243: 2239: 2231: 2227: 2223: 2219: 2215: 2210: 2201: 2198: 2193: 2189: 2185: 2183: 2179: 2175: 2171: 2167: 2163: 2158: 2150: 2145: 2141: 2139: 2135: 2131: 2127: 2123: 2119: 2114: 2110: 2105: 2101: 2099: 2095: 2090: 2085: 2075: 2073: 2069: 2065: 2061: 2053: 2049: 2045: 2036: 2033: 2029: 2025: 2021: 2018:entered into 2017: 2012: 2010: 2006: 2002: 1998: 1993: 1991: 1987: 1983: 1978: 1976: 1972: 1968: 1964: 1960: 1954: 1950: 1938: 1937:Louvre Museum 1934: 1930: 1925: 1914: 1909: 1907: 1902: 1900: 1895: 1894: 1892: 1891: 1888: 1884: 1880: 1877: 1876: 1869: 1866: 1864: 1861: 1859: 1856: 1854: 1851: 1849: 1846: 1845: 1842: 1837: 1836: 1829: 1826: 1824: 1821: 1819: 1816: 1814: 1811: 1809: 1806: 1804: 1801: 1799: 1796: 1794: 1791: 1789: 1786: 1785: 1782: 1777: 1776: 1769: 1766: 1764: 1761: 1759: 1756: 1754: 1751: 1749: 1746: 1744: 1741: 1739: 1736: 1734: 1731: 1729: 1726: 1724: 1721: 1719: 1716: 1715: 1712: 1707: 1706: 1699: 1696: 1694: 1691: 1689: 1686: 1684: 1681: 1679: 1676: 1674: 1671: 1669: 1668:Roman Armenia 1666: 1664: 1661: 1659: 1656: 1654: 1653:Armenia Minor 1651: 1649: 1646: 1645: 1642: 1637: 1636: 1629: 1626: 1624: 1621: 1619: 1616: 1614: 1611: 1609: 1606: 1604: 1601: 1599: 1596: 1594: 1591: 1589: 1586: 1584: 1581: 1579: 1576: 1574: 1571: 1569: 1566: 1565: 1562: 1557: 1556: 1549: 1545: 1544: 1541: 1535: 1534: 1529: 1524: 1523: 1515: 1512: 1510: 1506: 1501: 1497: 1493: 1488: 1486: 1482: 1478: 1474: 1470: 1458: 1453: 1451: 1446: 1444: 1439: 1438: 1436: 1435: 1432: 1422: 1421: 1414: 1411: 1409: 1406: 1404: 1401: 1399: 1396: 1395: 1389: 1388: 1381: 1378: 1376: 1373: 1372: 1369: 1364: 1363: 1356: 1353: 1351: 1348: 1346: 1343: 1341: 1338: 1337: 1334: 1329: 1328: 1321: 1318: 1316: 1313: 1312: 1309: 1304: 1303: 1296: 1293: 1292: 1289: 1284: 1283: 1279: 1275: 1274: 1271: 1265: 1264: 1259: 1254: 1253: 1248: 1243: 1238: 1228: 1226: 1222: 1218: 1214: 1210: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1194: 1189: 1187: 1183: 1179: 1178:Prince Edward 1175: 1171: 1167: 1163: 1159: 1151: 1147: 1142: 1138: 1136: 1132: 1127: 1123: 1120: 1115: 1113: 1109: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1096:John Lackland 1093: 1089: 1085: 1079: 1075: 1071: 1061: 1059: 1054: 1045: 1043: 1038: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1027:Siege of Acre 1024: 1019: 1017: 1013: 1009: 1001: 997: 993: 989: 985: 981: 979: 975: 967: 966: 961: 957: 953: 951: 947: 943: 939: 930: 926: 924: 920: 916: 911: 909: 908:Thomas Becket 905: 901: 897: 893: 889: 885: 881: 877: 872: 869: 865: 855: 853: 851: 847:and a former 846: 842: 838: 837:Ibelin family 834: 830: 826: 822: 818: 814: 810: 805: 803: 799: 795: 791: 787: 776: 775:Third Crusade 772: 768: 758: 756: 755: 751:and a common 750: 746: 742: 738: 730: 727: 724: 721: 718: 715: 712: 709: 706: 703: 700: 696: 693: 692: 688: 687:Third Crusade 684: 680: 675: 663: 660: 655: 652: 649: 646: 643: 640: 639: 637: 633: 630: 627: 624: 621: 618: 617: 608: 604: 601: 599: 596: 594: 591: 588: 585: 582: 579: 578: 573: 559: 557: 553: 549: 547: 543: 540:and widow of 539: 535: 531: 527: 523: 518: 516: 512: 508: 504: 500: 492: 490: 485: 471: 469: 465: 460: 458: 454: 450: 446: 442: 439:kings in the 438: 433: 431: 427: 423: 419: 415: 411: 407: 403: 398: 396: 392: 388: 384: 380: 376: 372: 368: 364: 359: 351: 350: 341: 302: 274: 270: 266: 261: 258: 254: 248: 244: 240: 230: 227: 221: 218: 212: 209: 203: 200: 194: 191: 185: 182: 181: 179: 175: 172: 169: 165: 162:None; extinct 161: 157: 154: 151: 147: 143: 139: 135: 132: 128: 125: 121: 117: 114: 110: 106: 101: 89: 78: 74: 70: 64: 59: 56: 53: 49: 45: 38: 33: 19: 4014: 3747: 3728:Royal houses 3677:Ruling house 3675: 3646:Ruling house 3644: 3617:Ruling house 3615: 3586:Ruling house 3584: 3555:Ruling house 3553: 3537: 3530: 3517: 3509: 3494: 3450: 3446: 3440: 3422: 3417: 3406: 3395: 3384: 3372:. Retrieved 3359: 3342: 3338: 3330: 3325: 3302: 3296: 3288: 3283: 3274: 3263:. Retrieved 3253: 3244: 3234:, retrieved 3232:, 2019-08-18 3229: 3220: 3212: 3208: 3196:. Retrieved 3181: 3174: 3165: 3146: 3142: 3133: 3129: 3119: 3099: 3095: 3059: 3045: 2983: 2948: 2944: 2940: 2917:In mythology 2777:Royal Palace 2726:Kerak Castle 2586:patron saint 2582:Saint Blaise 2526: 2513:Grand Master 2495: 2487: 2464: 2454: 2433: 2429:Pope Pius II 2414: 2380: 2360: 2356: 2352: 2348: 2325: 2313: 2287: 2283: 2279: 2271: 2264: 2235: 2194: 2190: 2186: 2154: 2109:Pope Urban V 2106: 2102: 2097: 2087: 2057: 2013: 1994: 1979: 1974: 1956: 1932: 1603:Arme–Shupria 1513: 1492:Santa Sophia 1489: 1466: 1190: 1155: 1116: 1083: 1081: 1051: 1039: 1020: 1005: 995: 973: 971: 963: 935: 918: 912: 886:(sister and 873: 861: 849: 806: 783: 752: 734: 550: 519: 496: 487: 461: 434: 414:cadet branch 399: 300: 298: 265:Royal Palace 246: 159:Current head 144:10th century 55:royal family 43: 4326:Charlotte I 4112:Charlotte I 3839:Netherlands 3743:Plantagenet 3532:Royal house 3516:W. Stubbs, 3329:Sire, Paul 3046:On Kingship 3013:Nadia Lotfi 2548:Mount Sinai 2506:self-styled 2410:Chamberlain 1975:On Kingship 1711:Middle Ages 1598:Hayasa-Azzi 1537:History of 1413:Earthquakes 1403:Ancient art 1288:Prehistoric 1267:History of 1152:of Lusignan 1000:Jan Lievens 731:(died 1314) 725:(died 1308) 719:(died 1303) 713:(died 1270) 707:(died 1250) 685:during the 681:granted by 628:(died 1151) 363:royal house 272:Dissolution 233:(1342–1464) 224:(1192–1474) 206:(1246–1309) 197:(1199–1309) 167:Final ruler 4349:Categories 3943:Montenegro 3870:pretenders 3829:Luxembourg 3685:1362–1467 3654:1342–1344 3625:1268–1474 3594:1192–1474 3563:1186–1192 3501:Endnotes: 3433:1449966314 3265:2012-08-11 3236:2020-05-11 3111:References 3003:The movie 2303:, Kellia, 2301:Dromolaxia 2170:Alexandria 1977:for Hugh. 1947:See also: 1841:Modern age 1561:Prehistory 1150:difference 1064:In England 974:Haute Cour 589:(died 967) 441:Latin East 4244:James III 4234:Charlotte 4122:James III 3938:Lithuania 3906:Bonaparte 3639:Hethumids 3467:1742-2043 3369:952177109 3311:cite book 3230:Knowledge 3032:Decameron 2978:Starbucks 2909:Yılankale 2895:Kızkalesi 2775:Famagusta 2684:Jerusalem 2398:Charlotte 2305:Aradippou 2162:Famagusta 2072:Gosdantin 2028:Holy Land 1887:Etymology 1683:Commagene 1641:Antiquity 1320:Roman Era 1201:Edward II 1158:Henry III 1131:Henry III 978:Baldwin V 968:, c.1490. 940:provoked 904:Holy Land 896:Philip II 852:or regent 817:Jerusalem 794:Jerusalem 790:Hugh VIII 717:Hugh XIII 689:(1189–92) 632:Hugh VIII 562:In France 552:Hugh XIII 532:married 526:Angoulême 522:La Marche 491:(1412/16) 430:Angoulême 379:Jerusalem 256:Estate(s) 171:James III 119:Etymology 4365:Crusades 4278:Reigning 4239:James II 4214:Peter II 4193:Henry II 4183:Hugh III 4156:Reigning 4117:James II 4087:Peter II 4077:Henry II 4051:Aimery I 4039:Reigning 3953:Portugal 3888:Bulgaria 3807:Reigning 3748:Lusignan 3076:Melusine 3074:recasts 3066:Melusina 2996:playing 2974:Melusine 2931:Melusine 2922:Melusine 2562:Melusine 2540:Crusades 2498:Maronite 2458:— 2332:Egyptian 2275:Limassol 2247:Mameluks 2212:Tomb of 1997:epilepsy 1967:Conradin 1879:Timeline 1528:a series 1526:Part of 1398:Timeline 1333:Medieval 1295:Alashiya 1258:a series 1256:Part of 1223:founded 1197:Scotland 1126:Mirebeau 1119:overlord 1112:Normandy 1058:Ayyubids 1016:Damascus 754:appanage 741:Fougères 711:Hugh XII 648:Raoul II 626:Hugh VII 593:Hugh III 515:Melusine 511:folklore 503:Poitiers 453:Armenian 445:Hethumid 437:Crusader 402:Lusignan 373:and the 361:) was a 349:-zin-yon 136:, France 52:Crusader 18:Lusignan 4311:James I 4304:Titular 4229:John II 4219:James I 4209:Peter I 4204:Hugh IV 4198:Amalric 4178:Hugh II 4173:Henry I 4097:James I 4092:Peter I 4082:Hugh IV 4072:John II 4060:Titular 3958:Romania 3928:Hanover 3918:Germany 3913:Georgia 3901:Orléans 3896:Bourbon 3892:France 3878:Albania 3819:Denmark 3814:Belgium 3753:Ottoman 3679:of the 3648:of the 3619:of the 3588:of the 3557:of the 3106:series. 2881:Corycus 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