393:, keep the Magellanic ecoregion cool and wet, and the strong oceanic influence moderates seasonal temperature extremes. Average annual temperatures vary from 6 °C (42.8 °F) in the north to 3 °C (37.4 °F) in the south and annual rainfall from 4,000 mm (157 in) in the west to 450 mm (17.7 in) in the east. Snowfalls are very common in the west and can occur even in summer. Fog is very frequent. Very strong winds whip the region compelling trees to grow in twisted and bent shapes known as
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467:, are the characteristic trees of the Magellanic ecoregion. The Magellanic ecoregion does not have the same species richness as the milder Valdivian ecoregion, both on account of its colder climate and its recent glaciation. The advancing glaciers caused the forests to retreat far to the north, and the region was gradually reforested starting about 10,000 years ago when the climate warmed and the glaciers began retreating.
477:
The
Magellanic moorland occurs on the western edge of the region where the oceanic influence is strongest. High rainfall of 5,000 mm/a (197 in/a) is typical of the moorland, as are cool temperatures, strong winds, bad drainage conditions, and rocky ground with generally thin soil. Most of
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the moorland consists of a mosaic of low-growing plants, including dwarf shrubs and wind-sheared trees, cushion plants, grasses, and mosses. These plants can form an underlayer of blanket peat and boggy areas. In more sheltered areas, small stands of evergreen forest can be found, which include
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Eric
Dinerstein, David Olson, et al. (2017). An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm, BioScience, Volume 67, Issue 6, June 2017, Pages 534–545; Supplemental material 2 table S1b.
644:, have been successfully introduced to the Faroe Islands. As a general rule, Fueguian trees show better signs of acclimation than those from Continental Northern Europe to conditions in the Faroe Islands.
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Farther from the ocean, in more moderate areas less exposed to the oceanic wind and rain, moorland yields to evergreen
Magellanic rainforest. The Magellanic rainforest is mostly made up
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These forests are peerless in their endurance of cold summers (averaging 9 degrees
Celsius or 48.2 degrees Fahrenheit at sea level) and violent subpolar
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578:. When one reaches the drier rain shadow east of the mountains, the forests disappear, transitioning to the grassland ecoregions of Patagonia.
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ecoregion, which shares many affinities with the
Magellanic ecoregion in plant and animal life. To the east lie the drier
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604:. Due to these traits, Magellanic forests' tree species are exported to other parts of the world such as the
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in the transition to the deciduous forest community. The
Magellanic deciduous forest is made up mostly of
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As one moves further east, where rainfall decreases to 800–850 mm/a (31.5–33.5 in/a),
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from the South
Atlantic to the South Pacific. North of roughly 48° south latitude lies the
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Windswept tree, Torres del Paine
National Park, Chile – "The wind only blows from the west".
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The rich
Magellanic coastal waters and numerous rocky islets host many seabirds, including
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597:); they used to complement the nourishment of the (now almost nonexistent) native peoples.
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A 2017 assessment found that 69,938 km², or 46%, of the ecoregion is in protected areas.
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884:. Washington DC: National Council for Science and the Environment (published 2010).
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Like the
Valdivian ecoregion, the Magellanic subpolar forests are a refuge for the
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The Andean and Fuegan mountains intercept moisture-laden westerly winds, creating
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may develop. In exposed, rocky, and poorly drained areas, pockets of deciduous
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Hogan, C. Michael; World Wildlife Fund (2014-05-14). Draggan, Sydney (ed.).
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341:. The Magellanic ecoregion was covered by glaciers during the last
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The Magellanic subpolar forests ecoregion lies to the west of the
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Højgaard, A., J. Jóhansen, and S. Ødum (eds) 1989. A century of
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The Magellanic ecoregion has three main plant communities: the
385:, which runs up the west coast of South America, and the cold
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ecoregion, and contains the world's southernmost forests.
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of southernmost South America, covering parts of southern
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in the Faroe Islands. Føroya Fróðskaparfelag, Tórshavn.
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in the world cannot grow. The following species from
581:In open spaces some succulent fruits can be found:
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
511:, together with other evergreen trees, most often
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652:The Magellanic subpolar forests are home to the
612:with similar conditions where trees from other
554:becomes less dominant and mixes with deciduous
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120:Learn how and when to remove this message
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237:150,500 km (58,100 sq mi)
281:Harberton, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina.
27:Ecoregion of southernmost South America
14:
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981:Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests
323:temperate broadleaf and mixed forests
202:temperate broadleaf and mixed forests
58:adding citations to reliable sources
29:
381:conditions, while the cold oceanic
363:temperate grasslands and shrublands
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25:
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793:Alberto de Agostini National Park
798:Bernardo O'Higgins National Park
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971:Flora of southern South America
888:from the original on 2019-11-03
173:Ecoregion territory (in purple)
45:needs additional citations for
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823:Torres del Paine National Park
781:Tierra del Fuego National Park
156:Torres del Paine National Park
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1:
878:"Magellanic subpolar forests"
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836:"Magellanic subpolar forests"
387:Antarctic Circumpolar Current
69:"Magellanic subpolar forests"
808:Katalalixar National Reserve
803:Cabo de Hornos National Park
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7:
946:Ecoregions of South America
926:Magellanic subpolar forests
776:Los Glaciares National Park
359:Valdivian temperate forests
303:Bosque Subpolar Magallánico
295:Magellanic subpolar forests
220:Valdivian temperate forests
135:Magellanic subpolar forests
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709:Campephilus magellanicus
660:), the world's smallest
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941:Ecoregions of Argentina
818:Patagonia National Park
713:Patagonian sierra-finch
517:Pilgerodendron uviferum
499:Pilgerodendron uviferum
976:Neotropical ecoregions
842:. World Wildlife Fund.
840:Terrestrial Ecoregions
813:Kawésqar National Park
721:Patagonian mockingbird
690:long-clawed mole mouse
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986:Temperate rainforests
882:Encyclopedia of Earth
717:Phrygilus patagonicus
705:Magellanic woodpecker
672:) and the endangered
641:Nothofagus betuloides
629:Nothofagus antarctica
574:Nothofagus antarctica
550:Nothofagus betuloides
539:Nothofagus antarctica
508:Nothofagus betuloides
481:Nothofagus betuloides
379:temperate rain forest
307:terrestrial ecoregion
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280:
146:View of a Magellanic
931:Ecology of Patagonia
703:species include the
674:southern river otter
595:Berberis microphylla
528:Maytenus magellanica
522:Embothrium coccineum
493:Lepidothamnus fonkii
150:forest close to the
54:improve this article
936:Ecoregions of Chile
587:Fragaria chiloensis
519:, and occasionally
472:Magellanic moorland
961:Flora of Argentina
956:Flora of the Andes
635:Nothofagus pumilio
583:Chilean strawberry
566:Nothofagus pumilio
558:Nothofagus pumilio
355:Ferdinand Magellan
351:Strait of Magellan
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725:Mimus patagonicus
421:, especially the
319:Neotropical realm
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16:(Redirected from
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339:Tierra del Fuego
271:69,938 km² (46%)
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890:. Retrieved
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263:Conservation
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52:Please help
47:verification
44:
740:albatrosses
680:). Endemic
533:shrub layer
411:New Zealand
190:Neotropical
920:Categories
892:2021-04-02
848:References
692:, and the
462:N. pumilio
433:Nothofagus
427:Nothofagus
395:flag trees
321:. It is a
110:March 2018
80:newspapers
770:Argentina
658:Pudu puda
419:Australia
367:Patagonia
315:Argentina
268:Protected
254:Argentina
242:Countries
229:Geography
152:tree line
886:Archived
756:penguins
694:viscacha
591:calafate
415:Tasmania
305:) are a
727:), and
699:Native
682:rodents
589:), and
373:Climate
343:ice age
329:Setting
299:Spanish
208:Borders
179:Ecology
94:scholar
754:, and
688:, the
666:cougar
638:, and
614:biomes
496:, and
457:, and
417:, and
347:fjords
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
787:Chile
752:terns
748:gulls
648:Fauna
602:winds
401:Flora
311:Chile
249:Chile
197:Biome
185:Realm
160:Chile
148:lenga
101:JSTOR
87:books
744:auks
701:bird
662:deer
570:and
525:and
515:and
313:and
293:The
234:Area
73:news
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