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in June, where it was approached by local abolitionists, who encouraged him to escape from the ship. After the escape, however, he was imprisoned in the local jail, and only the help of the abolitionists (who facilitated his escape from prison) prevented his return to the ship. He was then sent to
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106:, he became the servant of a local dignitary, perhaps the chief of Soubroukou, whom he called 'king'. The abuses he committed in that period made him target of an ambush in which he was imprisoned and transported to
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144:("A Memory"), transporting goods to the southern provinces of Brazil. In 1847, a coffee shipment to the United States was his passport to freedom. The ship arrived in
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LOVEJOY, Paul E. Identidade e a miragem da etnicidade: a jornada de
Mahhomah Gardo Baquaqua para as Américas. Afro-Asia, n. 27, p. 9-39, 2002.
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Converted to
Christianity and baptized in 1848, Baquaqua returned to the US due to the political instability in Haiti. He studied at the
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for almost three years. In 1854, he moved to Canada; his autobiography was published the same year in
Detroit by Samuel Downing Moore.
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AUSTIN, Allan D. African
Muslims in antebellum America: transatlantic stories and spiritual struggles. New York: Routledge, 1997.
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125:, Pernambuco for around two years. His master was a baker. He worked in the construction of houses, carrying stones, learned
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KRUEGER, Robert. Biografia e narrativa do ex-escravo
Mahommah Gardo Baquaqua. BrasĂlia: Editora Universidade de BrasĂlia,
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New York
Central College 1849–1860 McGrawville, N.Y. The first college in the U.S. to employ black professors
133:" (peddling slave). The cruelty of his Brazilian masters made him resort to alcoholism and attempt suicide.
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The biography of
Mahommah Gardo Baquaqua. His passage from slavery to freedom in Africa and America
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It is not known what happened to
Baquaqua after 1857. He was then in England and had turned to the
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Biography of
Mahommah G. Baquaqua, transcribed by the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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190:"IDENTIDADE E A MIRAGEM DA ETNICIDADE A JORNADA DE MAHOMMAH GARDO BAQUAQUA PARA AS AMÉRICAS"
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ELBERT, Sarah. Introduction to
American Prejudice Against Color. York: Maple Press, 2002.
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in 1854. His report is the only known document about the slave trade written by a former
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240:"Historiadores traduzem Ăşnica autobiografia escrita por ex-escravo que viveu no Brasil"
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265:"Baquaqua, Mahommah Gardo (1824?-1857?) The Black Past: Remembered and Reclaimed"
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at the time of his capture, and recited a prayer in Arabic before an audience at
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82:) between 1820 and 1830 in a prominent Muslim trader family. He learned the
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55:, where he studied from 1849 to 1853. He wrote an autobiography (
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Slave Narratives: A Folk History of Slavery in the United States
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86:, literature and mathematics in an Islamic school. Still as an
40:
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Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave
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79:
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FOSS e MATHEWS. Facts for Baptist Churches. Atica, NY, 1850.
140:, Baquaqua was incorporated with the crew of the trade ship
90:, he and his brother took part in the succession wars in
1092:
The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano
20:
Book cover of Baquaqua's memoirs, published in 1854
1660:Amazing Grace: An Anthology of Poems about Slavery
47:in 1847, assuring his freedom. He was literate in
1682:
1614:List of last surviving American enslaved people
228:. Vol. 1. Part 2, arranged alphabetically.
1204:Barracoon: The Story of the Last "Black Cargo"
43:as a captive; however, he escaped and fled to
379:
299:(2001). Law, Robin; Lovejoy, Paul E. (eds.).
199:. Federal University of Bahia. Archived from
246:(in Brazilian Portuguese). 27 November 2014
78:Baquaqua was born in Djougou (currently in
386:
372:
94:, where he was captured and then rescued.
1628:Cotton Plantation Record and Account Book
1609:Treatment of slaves in the United States
1383:Ama: A Story of the Atlantic Slave Trade
697:(1766 Saint-Dominque – June 30, 1853 NY)
295:
15:
187:
1683:
1546:Frederick Douglass and the White Negro
1367:Queen: The Story of an American Family
1287:Dred: A Tale of the Great Dismal Swamp
171:to be sent as a missionary to Africa.
1319:Roots: The Saga of an American Family
1148:Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl
584:(c. 1745 Nigeria – 31 March 1797 Eng)
367:
223:
169:American Baptist Free Mission Society
1716:Converts to Protestantism from Islam
1164:Life and Times of Frederick Douglass
659:(1783 England – 1821 United States)
393:
217:
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1746:American slaves literate in Arabic
1503:The Escape; or, A Leap for Freedom
1375:Hang a Thousand Trees with Ribbons
653:(c. 1710 Portugal – 1734 Montreal)
606:Nunzio Otello Francesco Gioacchino
286:
14:
1757:
1604:Songs of the Underground Railroad
1564:Abolitionism in the United States
1072:(c. 1795 Nigeria – ? Brazil)
703:(c. 1819 – ???, Puerto Rico)
354:Biography of Mahommah G. Baquaqua
336:
1652:Slave Songs of the United States
1156:The Underground Railroad Records
1066:(? Puerto Rico – 1555 Venezuela)
347:
39:of Bergoo kingdom. He worked in
1731:New York Central College alumni
1032:(19th century Indian Territory)
1006:(1766 Saint-Dominque – 1853 NY)
1636:Slave-Trading in the Old South
690:(c. 1788 Bermuda – after 1833)
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181:
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1:
1311:The Confessions of Nat Turner
1276:
1269:
1100:The Narrative of Robert Adams
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174:
73:
1706:19th-century American slaves
1644:Sarah Johnson's Mount Vernon
1599:Slavery in the United States
956:Greensbury Washington Offley
309:: Markus Wiener Publishers.
7:
1711:Writers of slave narratives
1696:19th-century African people
1668:The Hemingses of Monticello
1569:African-American literature
357:public domain audiobook at
10:
1762:
1484:A Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin
590:(c. 1705 Bornu – 1775 Eng)
406:Slave Narrative Collection
224:Parks, Marlene K. (2017).
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1494:
1477:To a Southern Slaveholder
1468:
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1265:The Bondwoman's Narrative
1214:
1140:My Bondage and My Freedom
1124:The Life of Josiah Henson
1108:American Slavery as It Is
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536:Andreas Matthäus Wolfgang
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188:Lovejoy, Paul E. (2002).
110:; he was embarked into a
59:), published by American
1726:Fugitive American slaves
1423:The Underground Railroad
1188:The Peculiar Institution
833:Sarah Jane Woodson Early
297:Baquaqua, Mahommah Gardo
158:New York Central College
121:Baquaqua was a slave in
53:New York Central College
1594:Films featuring slavery
1058:Mahommah Gardo Baquaqua
982:William Henry Singleton
787:Ellen and William Craft
129:, and performed as an "
25:Mahommah Gardo Baquaqua
1701:American Muslim slaves
1691:Brazilian rebel slaves
1442:Amos Fortune, Free Man
676:Juan Francisco Manzano
651:Marie-Joseph Angélique
559:Brigitta Scherzenfeldt
542:Johann Georg Wolffgang
524:GuĂ°rĂĂ°ur SĂmonardĂłttir
463:James Leander Cathcart
21:
1391:Walk Through Darkness
1327:Underground to Canada
940:Jermain Wesley Loguen
885:(1848/1854 VA – 1957)
812:Ayuba Suleiman Diallo
628:Konstantin Mihailović
576:Lovisa von Burghausen
307:Princeton, New Jersey
114:in 1845 and taken to
19:
1589:Caribbean literature
1579:Atlantic slave trade
1132:Twelve Years a Slave
1025:Booker T. Washington
827:Jordan Winston Early
131:escravo de tabuleiro
64:Samuel Downing Moore
33:Zooggoo, West Africa
1741:19th-century rebels
1736:19th-century slaves
1721:People from Djougou
1584:Captivity narrative
1415:The Book of Negroes
1196:The Slave Community
1060:(1845–1847, Brazil)
987:James Lindsay Smith
894:John Andrew Jackson
829:(1814 – after 1894)
783:(1845 KY – 1938 OH)
776:William Wells Brown
735:Jared Maurice Arter
730:William J. Anderson
623:Johann Schiltberger
1538:Unchained Memories
1043:(b. c. 1780 Congo)
817:Frederick Douglass
588:Ukawsaw Gronniosaw
487:Maria ter Meetelen
22:
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1450:I, Juan de Pareja
1434:Young adult books
1241:Uncle Tom's Cabin
1084:Non-fiction books
1079:
1078:
1036:Harriet E. Wilson
920:Elizabeth Keckley
766:Henry "Box" Brown
684:(1860–1965, Cuba)
678:(1797–1854, Cuba)
633:George of Hungary
608:(1792 – fl. 1828)
269:www.blackpast.org
37:tributary kingdom
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1249:The Heroic Slave
1004:Pierre Toussaint
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1574:Anti-Tom novels
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1172:Up from Slavery
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951:Solomon Northup
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271:. 29 March 2009
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1511:The Octoroon
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904:Thomas James
853:Moses Grandy
848:David George
807:Lucy Delaney
781:Peter Bruner
720:Sam Aleckson
600:Roustam Raza
511:Joseph Pitts
433:Robert Adams
417:by continent
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273:. Retrieved
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208:. Retrieved
201:the original
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61:abolitionist
31:, native of
24:
23:
1280: 1861
1273: 1853
977:Moses Roper
961:John Parker
947:(1790–1880)
925:Boston King
916:(1799–1874)
745:Polly Berry
688:Mary Prince
602:(1783–1845)
596:(1684-1777)
578:(1698–1733)
561:(1684–1736)
544:(1644–1744)
538:(1660–1736)
532:(1632–1702)
526:(1598–1682)
518: 1735
501:(1708–1754)
493:Mende Nazer
483:(1735–1785)
471:(1564–1639)
465:(1767–1843)
459:(1747–1815)
453:(1620–1702)
445:Francis Bok
441:(1714-1761)
439:Marcus Berg
435:(c. 1790–?)
415:Individuals
118:in Brazil.
98:Enslavement
1685:Categories
1458:Copper Sun
1407:Unburnable
1343:Dessa Rose
1070:Osifekunde
1002:Venerable
945:James Mars
858:Lear Green
842:Monticello
802:Noah Davis
771:John Brown
750:Henry Bibb
693:Venerable
499:Hark Olufs
316:1558762477
275:2015-11-30
250:2015-11-30
210:2015-11-30
175:References
127:Portuguese
116:Pernambuco
112:slave ship
88:adolescent
74:Early life
1183:(1936–38)
669:Caribbean
495:(b. 1982)
447:(b. 1979)
142:Lembrança
136:Taken to
1479:" (1848)
1225:Oroonoko
909:John Jea
513:(1663 –
507:(1705–?)
489:(1704–?)
359:LibriVox
197:Afroasia
45:New York
1557:Related
1351:Beloved
1335:Kindred
1303:Jubilee
1295:Our Nig
244:O Globo
108:Dahomey
104:Djougou
1671:(2008)
1663:(2002)
1655:(1867)
1647:(2008)
1639:(1931)
1631:(1847)
1623:(1783)
1549:(2008)
1541:(2003)
1522:(2022)
1514:(1859)
1506:(1858)
1487:(1853)
1469:Essays
1461:(2006)
1453:(1965)
1445:(1951)
1426:(2016)
1418:(2007)
1410:(2006)
1402:(2003)
1394:(2002)
1386:(2001)
1378:(1996)
1370:(1993)
1362:(1990)
1354:(1987)
1346:(1986)
1338:(1979)
1330:(1977)
1322:(1976)
1314:(1967)
1306:(1966)
1298:(1859)
1290:(1856)
1260:(1853)
1257:Clotel
1252:(1852)
1244:(1852)
1236:(1841)
1228:(1688)
1207:(2018)
1199:(1972)
1191:(1956)
1175:(1901)
1167:(1881)
1159:(1872)
1151:(1861)
1143:(1855)
1135:(1853)
1127:(1849)
1119:(1845)
1111:(1839)
1103:(1816)
1095:(1789)
844:–1901)
840:(1815
762:(1834)
644:Canada
569:Europe
426:Africa
313:
123:Olinda
92:Daboya
49:Arabic
41:Brazil
1495:Plays
204:(PDF)
193:(PDF)
151:Haiti
84:Quran
80:Benin
29:slave
1519:Omar
552:Asia
311:ISBN
35:, a
1233:Sab
160:in
1687::
1277:c.
1275:–
1270:c.
867:MD
515:c.
305:.
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1475:"
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1268:(
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387:e
380:t
373:v
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