75:. Groups that fall under the umbrella term "Mai-Mai" include armed forces led by warlords, traditional tribal elders, village heads and politically motivated resistance fighters. Because Mai Mai have only the most tenuous internal cohesion, different Mai-Mai groups allied themselves with a variety of domestic and foreign government and guerrilla groups at different times. The term Mai-Mai refers not to any particular movement, affiliation or political objective but to a broad variety of groups.
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206:, was organized in 2007 by General Yakutumba. They were reported to have received aid from the government of the Democratic Republic of Congo and are widely viewed by other Mai Mai groups as the leaders, though not the commanders, of the Kivu Mai-Mai. A number of smaller Mai-Mai groups, such as the
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if the government retaliated. The Mai-Mai are also suspected of the killings of nine mountain gorillas, with the use of machetes, and automatic weapons. In an
October 2012 incident, Mai-Mai killed two park staff and a soldier, while three soldiers were injured. From 1990 to 2018 some 170 Virunga
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According to a 2001 UN report, 20,000 to 30,000 Mai-Mai were active in the two Kivu provinces. The two most powerful and well-organized Mai-Mai groups in the Kivus were led by
Generals Padiri and Dunia. Currently most active is a group which is called
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for
Katanga, composed mainly of former Katanga Tigers, a separatist group active in the 1960s. They claim to be behind the attack on the Katanga airport in February 2011. It is unclear to what extent all these groups are co-ordinated.
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121:, which was meant to end the Second Congo War, they remained one of the most powerful forces in the conflict, and the lack of co-operation from some groups has been problematic for the peace process.
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Six
Virunga Park Rangers were killed in an ambush and a seventh ranger was injured in the Central section of the reserve on 10 January 2021. Officials suspected the Mai-Mai to be behind the attacks.
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ethnic groups, the recent wars and conflicts caused large numbers of town dwellers to form Mai-Mai. Although the Mai-Mai, either as a group or as individual groups, were not party to the 1999
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troops in May 2006. He was found guilty of numerous war crimes between
October 2003 and May 2006 and was sentenced to death by the Kipushi Military Tribunal in
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Walikale and Masisi north of Goma were the centres of Mai-Mai activity in North Kivu. In South Kivu, there have historically been concentrations around
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71:(DRC) that is formed to defend local communities and territory against other armed groups. Most were formed to resist the invasion of Rwandan forces and
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Alliances sometimes changed dramatically over the course of the wars. Some groups may be associated with multiple, ostensibly opposed factions.
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also hosts a number of Mai-Mai, but these groups were apparently involved in long-standing ethnic disputes.
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word for water, "maji". Militia members sprinkle themselves with water to protect themselves from bullets.
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in German East Africa (1905–1907). For the variety of the Somali language sometimes known as Mai-Mai, see
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Mai-Mai fighters surrendering their weapons to United
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In June 2023, seven
Virunga Park Rangers were killed by local Mai-Mai in the span of ten days.
341:(or Mai-Mai Sheka) was formed in 2009 by former minerals trader Ntabo Ntaberi Sheka, an ethnic
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Forces Unies de RĂ©sistance
Nationale contre l'Agression de la RĂ©publĂque DĂ©mocratique du Congo
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is also commanded by Gedeon Kyungu
Mutanga and loosely tied to his Mai-Mai Kata Katanga. The
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Mai-Mai were particularly active in the eastern
Congolese provinces bordering Rwanda,
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National Council for the Defense of Democracy – Forces for the Defense of Democracy
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on 6 March 2009. He escaped from prison in September 2011 and formed the
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of at least 387 women, men, and children over a three-day span in
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refers to any kind of community-based militia group active in the
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Historical Dictionary of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
345:. Sheka claims the group was formed to liberate the mines of
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WWF deeply saddened by death of Virunga park protectors (
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Military history of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
573:"Statement from Virunga National Park on recent attack"
547:"Statement from Virunga National Park on recent attack"
97:"), which were under the control of the Rwanda-allied
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Militia groups in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
479:"Katanga: Fighting for DR Congo's cash cow to secede"
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Rebel groups in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
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Rangers have died in such attacks, according to the
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also known as the Co-ordination for a Referendum on
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222:(MLAZ/FURNAC), were reported to cooperate with the
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996:National Union for Total Independence of Angola
876:National Union for Total Independence of Angola
920:Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda
506:"DR Congo: Wanted Rebel's Troops Instill Fear"
216:Mouvement de Lutte contre l'Agression au ZaĂŻre
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1067:Rebel groups that actively control territory
906:(RDR, alleged successor organization to the
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904:Rassemblement DĂ©mocratique pour le Rwanda
212:Front de RĂ©sistance et de DĂ©fense du Kivu
183:Learn how and when to remove this message
42:. For other uses of the term maimai, see
265:, between the Rwandan border and Kindu.
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870:Sudan People's Liberation Army/Movement
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618:Mai-mai atrocities included cannibalism
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369:In May 2007, Mai-Mai killed two
365:Mai-Mai in Virunga National Park
279:A former leader of the Mai-Mai,
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69:Democratic Republic of the Congo
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125:Mai-Mai in North and South Kivu
1002:White Legion (First Congo War)
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34:in Kenya (1952–1960) or the
30:Not to be confused with the
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44:Maimai (disambiguation)
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412:Gédéon Kyungu Mutanga
375:Virunga National Park
281:Gédéon Kyungu Mutanga
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692:(FAA, in Second War)
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407:Mai-Mai Kata Katanga
299:Other Mai-Mai groups
295:("Secede Katanga").
293:Mai-Mai Kata Katanga
275:Mai-Mai Kata Katanga
161:improve this article
982:Government-aligned,
737:(FAA, in First War)
613:National Geographic
36:Maji Maji Rebellion
510:Human Rights Watch
347:Walikale Territory
331:Self-determination
327:Corak Kata Katanga
317:Province Orientale
269:Mai-Mai in Katanga
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553:. 10 January 2021
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1072:Vigilantism
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899:Interahamwe
892:Anti-Rwanda
449:Radio Okapi
1046:Categories
968:(CNDD-FDD)
884:(in Ituri)
557:11 January
418:References
351:North Kivu
208:Mudundu 40
173:April 2019
91:South Kivu
87:North Kivu
810:RCD-Congo
749:(RPF/RDF)
361:in 2010.
355:mass rape
245:, around
243:Lake Kivu
241:south of
239:Bunyakiri
65:Mayi-Mayi
59:The term
40:Maay Maay
872:(SPLA/M)
802:(ethnic
795:RCD–Goma
718:Zimbabwe
535:article)
396:See also
359:Walikale
263:Shabunda
1024:MONUSCO
991:Mai-Mai
741:Burundi
707:Namibia
583:23 June
516:6 April
456:6 March
313:Kalemie
305:Maniema
251:Mwenaga
235:Walungu
224:Rwandan
115:Babembe
111:Batembo
80:Swahili
61:Mai-Mai
18:Mai Mai
882:CODECO
804:Tutsis
755:(UPDF)
753:Uganda
747:Rwanda
735:Angola
698:(FANT)
690:Angola
343:Nyanga
93:(the "
73:Rwanda
984:other
951:(FNI)
945:(LRA)
939:(ADF)
863:other
847:(UPC)
791:(RCD)
743:(FAB)
720:(ZNA)
713:Sudan
709:(NDF)
702:Libya
680:Zaire
655:First
309:Kindu
285:MONUC
247:Uvira
95:Kivus
783:AFDL
696:Chad
657:and
585:2023
559:2021
518:2019
487:2013
458:2009
337:The
311:and
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